Mustang kavalo adawonekera m'zaka za zana la 16. Dzinali latanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chisipanishi ndi zilankhulo zina zofananira limatanthawuza "palibe munthu, kuthengo, kumenyananso", komwe kumadziwika komwe kunachokera anthuwa. Awa ndi mahatchi onyumba, omwe amakhala makamaka ku South ndi North America.

Mbiri yakale

Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi South ndi North America. Apa, ziweto zazikulu zonyada zidathamangira m'mapepala akuluakulu. Asayansi anakhazikitsa kuti mbiri ya akavalo awa ndi kumizidwa mu Kale, koma, pa zifukwa zosadziwika, mtundu kufa za zaka zingapo zapitazo.

Pambuyo pa chitukuko cha dziko lonselo, nyama zidanenedwanso. Mikangano ndi kumenyana zidapangitsa kuti mahatchi amtchire awoneke - mahatchi owopsa adathawa, akukonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Anthu othawa kwawo omwe anathawikawa, anachulukirachulukira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chiziwonjezeke.

Popita nthawi, mahatchi atchire anasintha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosaka, kuchuluka kwa mahatchi kunayamba kutsika mofulumira. Ziwerengero zimati pafupifupi 30,000 maimwani amakhala mu ukulu waku America, kusaka komwe kumaletsedwa mwamphamvu komanso ndikulangidwa ndi malamulo.

Mano a Chikhalidwe

Pa chikhalidwe cha anthu okhala kumayiko aku America, a Mustangs adasiya chizindikiro chowala. Akavalo limaimira mzimu ufulu ndi ludzu zosaneneka ufulu. Pali nthano zambiri zomwe zimati nyama zonyada zimakonda kudziponya kuchokera kumiyala mpaka kufa pang'ono kuposa kugwera m'manja mwa munthu.

Mahatchi onyada nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu utoto ndi zithunzi. Kulikonse komwe ma mangawa akuwonetsedwa pandalama yaulere, ndi ma mane omwe akutukuka, okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Uwu ndiumboni wina wa momwe mahatchi awa amadziwika ndi amuna opanduka, onyada komanso okonda ufulu.

Kunja

Mahatchi akuluakulu si akulu kukula. Utali pa kufota nthawi zambiri umaposa mita imodzi ndi theka. Kulemera kwapakati ndi 350-380 kg. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa thupi opepuka, akavalo amatha kukhala liwiro zosaneneka ndi kugonjetsa 50 kukafika ola.

Mbali ina ya mtunduwu ndi mafupa ake olimba kwambiri. Mafupa a Mustang nthawi zambiri amayerekezedwa ndi granite.

Ma Whiteangangs

Mahatchi oyera amatchedwa mizukwa, chifukwa ndiosavuta kupanga komanso sangathe kusintha zinthu. Mu nthano, akavalo oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa amakhala ndi luso lodabwitsa komanso malingaliro amunthu. Mahatchi oyera anali kulemekezedwa kwambiri ndi Amwenye a Comanche; chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wowoneka bwino, amawonedwa kuti ndi oyenera kukhala atsogoleri abwino.

Ma Mustangs aku Spain

Pamaso Columbus anatulukira America, anthu uyu sanali zambiri - mpaka zolinga 1 zikwi. Masiku ano, mahatchi aku Spain ndi malo osowa kwambiri, palibe amene atsala. Mbali Yobadwa:

• mutu wowongoka
• kumbuyo kwakanthawi
• kutalika - mpaka 1.2 m,
• mitundu
• makutu ang'ono
• miyendo amphamvu.

Mahatchi amadziwika ndi kupirira kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthana ndi makilomita oposa 200 pakusintha kumodzi.

Moyo ndi Chibwenzi cha Intraspecific

Khalidwe la Mustang ndizosangalatsa - "onyada" onyada amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opatsa chidwi, munthu wovuta komanso wodziwika bwino. Kwa zaka zambiri, mahatchi amaphunziridwa mosamala, koma ngakhale pano zinthu zatsopano zikutsegulidwa.

Kutentha ndi kupsya mtima

Kutentha kwamahatchi atchire kunapangidwa movutikira. Chifukwa cha izi, akavalo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka komanso mwamphamvu. Osati okwera onse odziwa amatha kutsitsa wokongola - Mustangs kuzindikira utsogoleri munthu kawirikawiri.

Nthawi zambiri mahatchi amaonetsa poyera kudana ndi anthu. Mwiniwake amasankhidwa palokha, kamodzi. Kugonjera, kavaloyo amasintha kukhala mnzake weniweni. Kuphatikiza pa mwini wake, nyamayo singavomereze ngakhale munthu yemwe akudziwa bwino.

Zakudya

Mahatchi amtchire sakudyanso chakudya. Maangumi amadya masamba a mitengo ndi tchire, udzu, nthambi zoonda za mitengo. Mahatchi opendekera amasamutsidwa ku chakudya chapadera - chisakanizo cha udzu, udzu, tirigu. akudya nyama mpaka makilogalamu 3 chakudya patsiku. Chithandizo chomwe a Mustang amakonda kwambiri ndi karoti wokazinga ndi shuga. Mahatchi amakondanso kudya kagawo ka mkate kapena apulo.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakukhwima kwa mahatchi atchire imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikupitilira mpaka chilimwe. Wamphongo amagonjetsa mkazi'yo m'chipinda cholimba. Wopambana amakwatirana ndi kukongola komwe akufunako, ndipo patatha miyezi 11, nkhandayo imawonekera. Ana obadwa kawiri a Mustangs ndi osowa kwambiri. Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mwana amadya mkaka wa amayi, kenako amasinthana ndi msipu.

Kodi n'zotheka zikhale ndi Mustang?

Kuyendetsa kavalo wamtchire ndizovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chodzikuza, kupsa mtima, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti musinthe kavalo kukhala mnzake. Zadziwika kuti nyama zomwe zimatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo zitha kutetezedwa mosavuta, koma ngakhale zili choncho palibe chitsimikizo kuti munthu wonyada akamvera munthu.

Monga momwe mchitidwewu ukusonyezera, magawo amayendetsa bwino kukhulupirika kwa kavalo wamkulu wakuthengo. Ngati mukusowetsa phokoso ndikuliperekera mu mayendedwe apadera kupita ku khola, ndikosavuta, ndiye kuti mukukumana ndi zovuta zovuta. Akavalo omwe adazolowera ufulu samazindikira chochitika, kayendedwe kakuwongolera pamafunika kuchita zambiri komanso pamafunika chipiriro chodabwitsa.

Ngakhale zitakhala kuti zikuyenda mozungulira mustang, chifukwa chitha kupeza kavalo womangidwa bwino wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Chifukwa cha chilungamo, ndi Dziwani kuti kavalo ali liwilo, wamphamvu ndi unpretentiousness mu kusiya. Zoyipa za kavalo wopendekera ndimakhalidwe oyipa omwe samasintha kawirikawiri, ndi masewera wamba wamba.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za akavalo akutchire

Pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi nyama izi. Kuphunzira nthano, nthano ndi nthano zachabe, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, kubweretsa mphindi zambiri zosangalatsa. Ndizachilendo kuti nyama ikufanizira ndi mustang malinga ndi moyo komanso kufuna kwawo.

Mfundo zosangalatsa:

1. Mdani woopsa wa Mustang amandia munthu. Wosiyanasiyana zaka akhala anaukira nyama; akavalo akhala kuthamangitsidwa ndi modes onse zoyendera kuphatikizapo ndege za helikoputala. Mahatchi anawonongedwa ndi mazana - khungu lokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama kunapangitsa amuna okongola kuthengo kukhala chinthu chofunikira kusaka. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa a Mustangs kunatha atakhazikitsidwa oletsedwa komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa milandu yachifwamba.
2. Ma Mustangs amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, momwe mumakhala mtsogoleri ndi wamkazi wamkulu. Ntchito yamphongo ndiyo kuteteza ng'ombe ndi kutetezedwa kwa adani. Wamkazi ndiye "wothandizira" wamkulu, yemwe amayenera kutsogolera nyama zodwala, nyama zazing'ono ndi zoweta zina kunkhondo.
3. Ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka, ng'ombe imapanga "bwalo laimfa." Opusa, akavalo okalamba ndi okalamba amakhala pakatikati, akavalo achikulire amatembenuza gawo lawo kwa mdani kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zoyipazo - ziboda zam'mbuyo.
4. Young akavalo moyo ndi ng'ombe mpaka zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pakufika zaka zambiri, nyamayo imathamangitsidwa kotero kuti imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi banja laling'ono. Nthawi zambiri gulu la ma mustangs limakhala ndi zolinga 15-25.
5. Kupulumuka mu nyengo zachilengedwe za ma mangawa ndizovuta kwambiri - ndizovuta kupeza chakudya m'malo omwe mahatchi amtchire amakhala. Akavalo amayenda mtunda wautali kukafunafuna chakudya ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi malo omenyerapo nkhondo movuta ndi ng'ombe zina.
6. Kuti mukulitse ming'alu yaukapolo, mudzafunika dera lalikulu - mahekitala awiri abusa pahatchi iliyonse. Chiwembucho chikakhala chocheperako, dzikolo lidzatha msanga, msipu udzatha.
7. Kuthengo, ma harangs amaphunzira kusinthira ku njira yopulumutsira mphamvu ndi nyonga, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira. Pali zochepa chakudya, mahatchi kuti mizu ndi masamba wagwa, zitsamba pansi chisanu, kupewa kuonda analandira yekha ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa zakudya kudziunjikira.

Chosangalatsa china ndichakuti akafika zaka zitatu, siamawonekedwe onse omwe amasiya ng'ombe. Akavalo olimba mtima ndi amphamvu amakangana ndi mtsogoleri. Ngati atha kupambana, kutenga malo ake ndikukhala mtsogoleri watsopano.

Mustangs ndi nyama zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakondweretsa mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe. Kukongoletsa kotereku kumatha kutchedwa kuti muyeso waulemu ndi chisomo, chizindikiro cha ufulu. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, kavalo amatha kukhala mnzake wapamtima, ngakhale si aliyense wokwera amene ali ndi chipiriro chokwanira komanso mphamvu kuti apatsidwe ulemu ndi kuzindikira kavalo wakuthengo.

Mbiri ya Mustang

Pamene atsamunda a ku Spain anafika ku America m'zaka za m'ma 16, anadza akavalo ndi iwo. Nyama zofooka zidamasulidwa, ndipo ena adamenyera nkhondo popanda woweta, motero kuchuluka kwa akavalo owerengeka adapangidwa, omwe pang'onopang'ono adakula.

Ziweto zamtchire poyamba zinali chakudya cha amwenyewo, koma posakhalitsa adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mahatchi ngati njira yoyendera, kutsatira chitsanzo cha azungu. Amawona nyama zokhala ndi banga pamphumi. Amwenyewo anaphunzitsa akavalo awo kuti aziwamvera mokwanira, samagwiritsa ntchito zishalo, ndipo m'malo mwa mawonekedwe adagwiritsa ntchito lamba wopapatiza, yemwe sanathenso kukoka pomwe anali kukwera. Mahatchiwo ankasinthana ndi okwera pamahatchi onse komanso kunong'ona kwake.

Kuchulukana kwa ming'anga kunachulukirachulukira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Gawo lalikulu la ilo linakhazikika ku South America - ku Argentina ndi Paraguay. Pali pafupifupi palibe nyama zodya nyama pa mminda American, choncho palibe anaopseza akavalo. Panthawiyo, kuchuluka kwa akavalo owerengeka anali pafupifupi anthu 2 miliyoni, koma posakhalitsa zinthu zinasintha.

Chiwonongeko cha Misa

Mzaka za m'ma 19 ndi 1900, akavalo atchire adayamba kusaka. Anaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi zikopa. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, gawo lalikulu la ziweto lidafa. Chifukwa chachiwiri chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kuchepa kwa msipu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma, masiku ano chiwerengero cha ma mustangs ndi pafupifupi 10-20 miliyoni.

Yang'anani! Mu 1971, boma la American anayesetsa kuteteza akavalo kuthengo mwa kudutsa lamulo loletsa kupha kwawoko.

Zojambula Zakunja za Mustang

Ma Mustangs samasiyana pamilingo yayikulu. Kutalika kwawo ndi 1.5 m, ndi kulemera - 400 kg. Mbadwa zakutchire zamahatchi a Andalusian zimakhala:

• thupi louma
• kukula kwakanthawi kakang'ono ndi mphumi yayikulu ndi mbiri yowongoka,
• mabere otambalala ndi miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi ziboda zolimba,
• lalifupi kumbuyo
• chowononga pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi minofu yofotokozedwa bwino.

Mustangs amadziwika ndi bay, piebald kapena mtundu wofiira. Palinso anthu ena ovala mkanjo wakuda, amatengedwa kuti ndi okongola kwambiri.

Kusiyana pakati pa akavalo owala ndi akavalo apabanja

Kunja, maimuna amayenera kukhala osiyana ndi mahatchi apakhomo okha kukula - ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa makolo awo. Koma mu chikhalidwe ndi momwe mumakhalira, pali zambiri:

• thanzi labwino,
• kupirira,
• mphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo
• mkulu kuthamanga liwiro
• kunyalanyaza nkhani,
• kupulupudza
• ponseponse.

Yang'anani! Akavalo amtundu wa Mustang sanazolowere kumvera anthu, ndizosavuta kulumikizana. Mahatchiwa ndiovuta kuwaphunzitsa komanso kuwonda, koma anthu ena akupambanabe. Mahatchi olemerera amafuna ulemu kwa iwo okha ndipo samalekerera chipongwe.

Mustang (kavalo): malongosoledwe

Mustangs ndi nyama zamphamvu, mwazi wa ponies Indian, Spanish, French, akavalo German ukuyenda mwa misempha yawo. Zotsatira zake, suti yawo imasiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mitundu yofiira, piebald ndi bay. Palinso bulanaya, palomino, appaloosa mustang (kavalo), chithunzicho chimatsimikizira masuti osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.

Kulemera kwa mbewa kumafikira 500 kg, kufota - 130-150 masentimita. Kapangidwe ka thupi chifukwa cha makolo osiyanasiyana kamafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana, khosi ndi msana ndizifupi, kufota kumatchulidwa pang'ono.

Habitat

Mtundu wodabwitsa wa akavalo abwino kwambiri ndi akavalo amtchire. Tsoka ilo, m'maiko ena nyama izi zidasowa. Tsopano kuchuluka kwawo kuli ngati zikwi makumi atatu zokha. Ambiri mwa kukongola amakhala Nevada. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi cholowa cha mbiri yakale ku West of America.

Ngakhale ulemu wapamwamba, alimi ena safuna kuti mahatchi a Mustang akhale pafupi ndi malo awo, akukhulupirira kuti amadya udzu wowetera ziweto. Asayansi akupereka yankho lawo pamalingaliro oyipa oterewa kwa mahatchi akutchire: "Maangrang amakhala kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yowuma kwambiri, malo oterowo ndi osayenera kwathunthu kwa ziweto." Kuchokera pamenepa zimatsata kuti akavalo aufulu samasokoneza alimi konse.

M'moyo wachilengedwe

Mustang ndi kavalo yemwe anthu ambiri amangodziwa kuchokera kumafilimu, zojambula, zithunzi ndi mabuku. Koma ngakhale izi zitha kumvetsetsa momwe mtunduwu ndi wopanda pake, wonyada komanso wosavomerezeka! Mu chilengedwe, mustangs kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20-25. Amakhala m'gulu loyang'anira zolinga za 15-20, banja lililonse ngati lotso limatsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri m'modzi wazaka zake, zaka zake ziyenera kukhala zosachepera zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndi gulu lankhondo lokha lomwe limatsata wamwamuna waluso.

Mtsogoleriyo ndi wogonjera achikazi wokhala ndi ana achimuna ndi achichepere. Khosalo likuwongolera gawo lake, mmalo mwake limadyera ndikuteteza kwa alendo osadziwika. Pakabuka zoopsa, wolondolera amatsogolera banja lonse kumalo abata, ndipo wotsogolera sangakhale nawobe kuti akamenyane ndi mdani. Ngati pagulu la magulu angapo adani akuukira, ndiye kuti ma mabanja a mabanja onse ndi ogwirizana kuti amenye nawo mayiko awo.

Mustang (kavalo): kuswana

Kuchokera April kwa July, ndi Mustangs ndi nyengo mating. Achinyamata achimuna amalimbana okhaokha kuti akhale ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi wosankhidwa, monga momwe zimakhalira kuthengo - olimba kwambiri!

Akazi amakhala ndi anyani kwa miyezi 11, pamene mayi woyembekezera akuwona kuti nthawi yakwanthawi yoti abereke, ndiye kuti amasiya ng'ombeyo pamalo otetezeka. Mu "chipatala" chachilengedwe choterocho masharubu yaying'ono amabadwa. Nthawi zambiri, ana awiri amabadwa nthawi imodzi, nthawi zambiri wamkazi amayambanso kukhala mayi wa mwana wamwamuna m'modzi yekha.

Tonde latsopanolo ndi lofooka komanso lopanda thandizo, iye movutikira kwambiri amayimirira miyendo yanjenjemera kuti afike mkaka wa amayi. Khanda limakhala lovuta kwa nyama yolusa ngati silinatetezedwe, koma poyambilira mayi amayang'anitsitsa chitetezo cha mwana wake, chifukwa mtundu wake umathandizira kubisala kumene mu udzu wautali. Kwa masiku angapo, mayi ndi mwana ali limodzi ku "chipatala cha amayi", koma ndizosatheka kupitiliza kuyang'anira ubusa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake mare ali mofulumira kuti abwerere ku banja ndi kavalo kakang'ono.

A Mustang wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pambuyo pa nthawi ino, anyaniwa amakula moonekeratu, miyendo yawo imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba. Mpaka zaka zitatu, achinyamata amakhala m'gulu lankhosa ndi amayi awo, koma patatha zaka zitatu, mtsogoleri wachimuna amathamangitsa achinyamata achinyamatawo mwamabanja, potero akuletsa mpikisano. Nthawi zina mayi amakhala ndi mwana wa nkhandwe wokhwima, koma nthawi zambiri mkazi amakhala ndi gulu lake.

Mbiri yakale

Mahatchi a Mustang ndi amtundu wamtchire ndipo mathero awo ndiovuta. Amakhulupirira kuti zidachitika ku North America bara, ngakhale zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo mahatchi onse omwe adakhalapo adasowa monga mtundu, ndiye kuti adamwalira. M'zaka za zana la XVIII, atalandidwa ndi America ndi Spain omwe adagonjetsa, mahatchi ochokera kunja adalumikizidwanso kumeneko. Anthuwa sankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito nyama kusiyapo chakudya, zomwe zimachitidwa ndi ma mustang omwe amawadzera. Only chitsanzo cha Spain adakopa anthu Indian kulabadira makhalidwe zothandiza akavalo - monga njira ya kayendedwe, mu nkhondo ndi nyama kusaka.

Amwenyewo adakwera mosiyana ndi Aspanya, sanafunikire chotengera, adagwiritsa ntchito chiuno m'malo mwa ndodo za usodzi, zomwe sanathenso kunyamula, amakonda kuyang'anira kavalo ndi mawu awo. Kumene, akavalo unayamba kufalikira mofulumira kwambiri pambuyo lonse Chile. Ma Mustangs nthawi zambiri ankangosiyidwa zida zawo atavulazidwa, kulumala, kutopa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotheka, ndipo pamapeto pake amalimbana ndi anthu.

Sizinatenge nthawi yochulukirapo kuti malo olemekezeka adzaze magulu azitsamba onenepa. Iwo kutukuka kwambiri, chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka, ngati panali chabe ayi ogwirira kumeneko.

Zotsatira zake, pofika chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri adakwera pamahatchi pamafulu. Makolo awo ali ndi Andalusian, mizu ya Arabia, komabe, kuwoloka mitembo mosalekeza, kuphatikiza osayimira okhazikika, asintha ma Mustangs pakapita nthawi. Komanso, free moyo pa tchire sanali amafuna zikusonyeza kunja, koma kupirira, liwiro, mphamvu ndi thanzi labwino anali kofunika kwambiri.

Zomwe adani akuwopseza moyo wamahatchi atchire

Mustang (kavalo) ndiye moyo wamamandawo! Bwanji, posachedwapa, chiwerengero chawo chakhala kuchepa, zimene adani kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo? Zimakhala zamanyazi kuzindikira kuti mdani wamkulu komanso wowopsa wa Mustangs ndi munthu. Anthu anapha akavalo akuthambo kwa nthawi yayitali. Iwo anaphedwa chifukwa nyama, nthawi zambiri anapita nyama chakudya. Zokongola zakutchire zimawonedwa kuti ndizosatha, chifukwa mu 1900 ku North America kunali pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri, tsopano chiwerengero cha akavalo chatsika kwambiri. Anthu adazindikira ndipo mu 1959 adatenga lamulo lokhudza kutetezedwa kwa ma mustangs, mpaka pano akusungidwa kwambiri.

Koma adani, kwa kavalo wamkulu, mdani woopsa kwambiri pakati ogwirira ndi cougar. Mimbulu ndi mamba zimakhalanso zoopsa, koma ozunzidwa awo ndi ana ang'onoang'ono osaganizira kapena odwala.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a mkwiyo

The kunja, ndiye maonekedwe a mustangs ndi, amakhala ndi zotsatirazi njira:

• osati kutalika kwambiri - mpaka 1 cm 53 cm, oyimilira otsika kwambiri ali ndi 1 m 34 cm kufota,
• kulemera kwa kavalo wamkulu zimasiyanasiyana 400 pafupifupi 600 makilogalamu,
• mahatchi amawoneka okongola chifukwa cha mchira wautali ndi mane,
• Matupi awo amakula,
• miyendo ndi zowonda si amphamvu.

Kuthamanga kumene amatha kukulitsa ndikodabwitsa kwambiri. Kupirira kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa bwino ndikuti amatha kuchita popanda madzi ndi chakudya, kuthamanga osayima mpaka 140 km. Iwo amakhala kuti munthu pazipita zaka 30.

Ubwino wa mtundu:

• mphamvu zodabwitsa
• thupi lamphamvu
• liwiro lalikulu
• osafuna kwambiri komanso osawononga ndalama zochepa,
• chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri.

Mavuto mu kuswana:

• Ufulu woyenda ndikutha kumva kuwopsa kumawapangitsa kuti asamadalire kwambiri,
• ndimawonekedwe okongola
• mphamvu Mustang kumafuna njira yapadera, chabe aluso kwambiri ndi mtima wokwera angakhale naco kavalo amenewa,
• amatha kukhala odana ndi munthu, makamaka ngati sazindikira yemwe ali mwa iye.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Mustang ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri, koma ngati angasankhe munthu kukhala mwini, adzagonjera kwa iye ndikukhala odzipereka. Palibe njira zina kupambana chisoni a kavalo. Kupatula mbuye wake, sadzalumikizana ndi anthu ena ndipo sadzawalola kuti abwere kwa iye.

Zowoneka zosangalatsa zamatsenga amtchire

Mu 1800s, ndi California anakumana chilala imene alimi anaitenga zosavomerezeka kwa muli mustangs. Zotsatira zake, anapha akavalo atchire 40,000.

Mu 1920s, nyama ya mustang idawonjezedwa ku chakudya cha ziweto ndi nkhuku. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi atatu mapaundi nyama kavalo anapulumutsidwa.

Mu 1971, US Congress idapatsa Mustang dzina la chizindikiro chamoyo wokhala ndi mbiri yakale komanso kuchita upainiya ku West.

Mu 1971, lidakhazikitsidwa lamulo loletsa kuvulaza, kulanda, kapena kupha ma mustang akuyenda momasuka kumayiko a anthu.

Mustangs amaonedwa kulimbikira kwambiri ndi Hardy, iwo akhoza kuthana ndi tsiku limodzi mpaka makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Mustangs ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso odziyimira pawokha, ali ndi malingaliro awo komanso zolakalaka zawo.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu ingapo yamangumi amtchire. Chimodzi mwa zachinsinsi ndi zachilendo ndi otchedwa woyera Mustang. Mahatchi oyera atulutsa nthano zambiri zopeka komanso nthano zambiri kuti kuli bwino kulemba mabuku osiyanasiyana onena za iwo. Amatchedwa mizukwa ndi mizimu yamapwando. Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti kavalo wa mtundu uwu invulnerable, wochenjera, akufotokozera liwiro zosaneneka ndipo ngakhale wosafa.

Amwenye sanawakhudze, powaganizira kuti ndi oimira mphamvu zapamwamba, ndipo anawalemekeza.

Spanish

Pamaso anagonjetsa America ndi Columbus, akavalo awa anali amazipanga ambiri, tsopano anthu awo pafupifupi osaonekanso, popeza yafupika magawo angapo a anthu. Ino ndi kavalo wogwira ntchito kwambiri, wokoma komanso wokongola, wokhala ndi mutu wowongoka wokongola, makutu oyera, miyendo yolimba, magawo olimbitsa thupi. Mphamvu zawo ndizodabwitsa ndipo zimawalola kupulumuka nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Ali otsika - mpaka masentimita 120, zida angakhale osiyana.

Donskaya

Russian mustangs amakhala kudera la Rostov, pachilumba chotchedwa Vodny. A ng'ombe zakutchire wakhala akukhala kumeneko zaka zambiri. Nkhani ya maonekedwe ake ilipo mitundu ingapo:

• atatha kujambula kanema ndikugawana mahatchi, anthu angapo adatha kutsalira, omwe adagwirizana ndi unyinji wonsewo ndipo kenako kupanga mtundu,
• akavalo akhoza kupewa sitadi munda chimene chinali apo, anali kuwapititsa ku malo ena, nayamba anthu awo,
• mtunduwo unayamba kuchokera ku mahatchi a Don a mtundu woyenga bwino, omwe sanagwiritse ntchito pobereka.

Izi zimadabwitsa kwambiri akatswiriwo, chifukwa sizimalumikizana ndi nyama zina ndipo zimangosunga mkaka zokha. Komanso, degeneracy si anati, kuweruza ndi kunja awo.

Makhalidwe akunja:

• kukula,
• mamangidwe abwino kwambiri, ogwirizana komanso okongola,
• anthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, wakuda, mulled.

Popeza kulibe zilombo zolusa za akavalo kumeneko, pali mpikisano wowopsa pakati pa anyani, omwe amathyola khosalo kukhala gulu losiyanasiyana ndikutsogolera achikazi.

Moyo Wamtchire

Njira ya moyo wa nyama zakutchire ndi achilendo ndithu m'madera onse: makhalidwe awo khalidwe ndi chilengedwe ndi chodabwitsa. M'busa aliyense pali mtsogoleri - munthu wofunika kwambiri, kavalo wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wanzeru. Asanafike m'badwo uno, ndizosatheka kukhala mtsogoleri, chifukwa maluso oyendetsa ndi kutsogolera gulu ndikofunikira. Ndi mtsogoleri amene ali ndi udindo foals, anthu aang'ono ndi atsala pang'ono angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtsogoleriyo ali ndi ntchito yoteteza nkhosazo ku nyama zodyedwa, kusankha malo oyenera kukhalamo.

Ngati pali nkhondo ndi mdani, mbalame yoyamba imatengera gululo kumalo osungika, ndipo mtsogoleriyo athetse nkhaniyi ndi mdani.

Nthawi zambiri ng'ombe amaphatikizidwa mu umodzi, ngakhale chidani chimene chinalipo pakati pa iwo. Kuphatikiza ziweto kumatha kukhala ngozi, kuukira kwa nyama zolusa. Mgwirizanowu, monga lamulo, umakhalapo kwakanthawi, zoopsa zikadzatha, chilichonse chimakhala chabwinobwino. Wild mtundu akavalo kutsogolera moyo wosamukasamuka, ali zamiyendo Inayi, ndi maziko a zakudya zawo ndi wobiriwira muzitha. Pmalinga ndi akatswiri, mangawa ndi zamphukira zamtchire. Akavalo kwambiri Hardy, koma kupanda yaitali kumwa mowa ndi chakudya amakhala ndi vuto kwa iwo. Mustangs amalankhulana bwino wina ndi mnzake, ndikupereka wokhala.

Ponena za kuswana, nthawi yakukhwima imagwera masika-chilimwe, chifukwa ino ndiye nthawi yoyenera kwambiri kuti anyani aziwoneka. Pali milandu pafupipafupi nkhondo kwa Mare pakati mahatchiwo, zomwe sizikuchitika ku ziweto. Zachikazi zimabadwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi - miyezi 11, ndipo nthawi yakubadwa ikafika, wamkazi amasiya khosalo ndikubala mwana wa nkhandwe m'malo otetezeka. Nthawi zina anyani awiri amatha kuwoneka nthawi imodzi. Patapita masiku angapo pambuyo pa kubadwa, ndi Aukitsa mkazi mwana, zimamuthandiza kuyamba kuyenda, kwambiri. Atatha kukhala pagululo, abwera kwa iye limodzi.

Mafuta amadyetsa mwana wamphongo mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu, mpaka pamapeto iye amakhala wamphamvu ndikukula. Mwamsanga pamene iye nkuzinyoza zaka 3, iye adzatayidwa kunja ng'ombe ndi mtsogoleri kupewa mpikisano n'kotheka, ndipo mayi angathe kusankha kuchoka ndi mwana wake kapena kukhala. Masiku ano, nthumwi zakutchire za Mustangs sizachilendo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa ndi malamulo.

Kodi ndi osiyana bwanji ndi mahatchi apakhomo?

kusiyana yaikulu - kavalo kukula ndi kulemera - ndi Mustang ndi yokulirapo komanso wolemera kwambiri kuposa akavalo zoweta. Popeza kuthengo kumakhala kusakanikirana kosiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtundu wawo ndi wosiyana ndipo umatha kukhala wowoneka bwino kwambiri kapena wachokoleti wakuda. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu omwe ali ndi mawanga, mabampu, mikwingwirima yachilendo. Wild Mustang Komabe akuzisunga zambiri mwa zinthu oimira kunyumba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyenda, kusamuka komanso kusintha masinthidwe, adayamba kukhala ndi mawonekedwe. Ali ndi mitundu yamagalimoto olemera, ma poni, achule, Aspanya, mitundu ya Aluya. amphamvu kwambiri, wamphamvu akavalo anapulumuka kuthengo, kusankha zosadabwitsa anachita.

Anakakamizidwa kuthawa nyama zodyedwa, kuzunzidwa ndi anthu.

Zonsezi sizingachitike koma zimakhudza mawonekedwe a mustang: imapilira kwambiri, mwachangu, yamphamvu kuposa abale ake apanyumba. Komanso, iwo amafunika chisamaliro chokwanira, iwo yayitali popanda chakudya ndi chakumwa. Thanzi la mahatchi amtchire ndilolimba kuposa mahatchi apakhomo, amakhala ndi chitetezo cholimba, chomwe chimawateteza ku matenda ndi matenda. Nthawi yomweyo, kavalo wapakhomo amakhala wodziwika bwino, wozindikira, komanso wodzipereka. Amaphunzira bwino, amaphunzitsidwa motsutsana ndi akavalo mosadziletsa zakutchire, zimene ufulu kukoma ndi wopanduka.

Kubera mustang si ntchito yosavuta, sikuti munthu aliyense angathe. Akavalo amagonjera pokhapokha ngati akufuna, komanso kwa amene wasankha. Anthu ndi mustangs, kulemekezedwa kwambiri pakati pawo, izi imatengedwa "aerobatics."

Mawonekedwe a Mustang ndi Habitat

Mahatchi atchire anaonekera mu North America okwana pafupifupi 4 zapitazo ndipo inafikira Europe ndi ku Asia (mwina ankawoloka Bering kamtunda kopita ku chilumba) kwa zaka 2 mpaka 3 miliyoni zapitazo.

Anthu a ku Spain atabweletsanso mahatchi ku America, Amereka achimereka adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nyamazi kunyamula. Amakhala ndi mphamvu komanso kuthamanga. Plus, miyendo yawo wamfupi koma wojintcha sakhala sachedwa choipa, kuwapanga abwino kwa maulendo yaitali.

Mandeang ndi mbadwa za ziweto zomwe zinathawa, zinasiyidwa, kapena kumasulidwa kuthengo. Mitundu ya omwe adalowetsedweratu ndi hatchi ya Tarpan ndi Przhevalsky. Mustangs moyo mu msipu madera a kumadzulo United States.

Ambiri mwa anthu aku Mustang amakhala kumayiko akumadzulo a Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, California, Arizona, North Dakota ndi New Mexico. Ena amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic komanso kuzilumba monga Sable ndi Cumberland.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chawo zosiyanasiyana khalidwe, mtundu wamahatchi Ili ndi miyendo yolimba komanso mafupa okwera kwambiri kuposa mahatchi apakhomo.

Popeza kuti iwo chilombo osati savvy mapazi athe kupirira mitundu yonse ya pamalo achilengedwe. Mustangs amakhala m'thumba lalikulu. Khosali lili ndi khola limodzi, pafupifupi akazi asanu ndi atatu ndi ana awo.

The stallion asaaonerera pa ziweto zake kotero kuti palibe zazikazi kumumenya, chifukwa mukatero, adzapita mdani wa. Ngati stallion akapeza zinyalala za chikondwerero china pamalowo, chimangodumphira, ndikuzindikira fungo, kenako ndikusiya zinyalala pamwamba kuti zidziwitse kupezeka kwake.

Mahatchi amakonda kwambiri kusamba matope, kupeza chidebe chonyansa chomwe amagonera momwemo ndikutembenukira mbali ndi mbali, malo osambira oterowo amathandizira kuchotsa majeremusi.

Ng'ombe nthawi yambiri zawo msipu pa udzu. Nyama yayitali pagululo imakhala mtsogoleri, ikasuntha ng'ombeyo imapita kutsogolo, khola, imakhala yotseka magulu osagwirizana ndi omwe amadyera.

Nthawi yovuta kwambiri yamahatchi atchire ndi kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Kuwonjezera otsika kutentha, kusowa kwa chakudya ndi vuto. Pofuna kuti usaumire, mahatchi amakhala mulu ndipo amawotcha mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwa matupi.

Tsiku lililonse amakumba ziboda za chipale chofewa, kudya mpaka kuledzera ndikuyang'ana udzu wowuma. Chifukwa zakudya m'thupi ndi ozizira, nyama amawononga ndipo sizivuta zolusa.

Akavalo ali ndi adani ochepa: zimbalangondo zakuthengo, lynxes, cougars, mimbulu ndi anthu. Ku West West, agalu agalu amakongoletsa kukongola ndikugulitsa. Kumayambiriro a zaka za m'ma 20, anayamba kuwatengera iwo chifukwa cha nyama, ndi nyama kavalo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chakudya Pet.

Mafuta a Mustang

Ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba kuti mustangs kavalo muzingodya hay kapena oats. Akavalo ndi owotchera, amadya zomera ndi nyama. zakudya yaikulu imakhala udzu.

Amatha kupirira nthawi yayitali popanda chakudya. Ngati zakudya zimapezeka mosavuta, akavalo akuluakulu amadya mapaundi 5 mpaka 6 a zakudya zatsamba tsiku lililonse. Pamene udzu zimasowa, iwo kudya bwino zonse womera: masamba, tchire otsika, timitengo wamng'ono, ndipo ngakhale makungwa. Imwani madzi kuchokera kuzitsime, mitsinje kapena nyanja kawiri patsiku, ndipo mukuyeneranso kuyika mchere wamchere.

Moyo ndi zakudya m'chilengedwe

Mustangs kupanga ng'ombe yaing'ono, aliyense chomwe mtsogoleri, akazi angapo ndipo foals. Mutu wabanja ndiwakazi wazaka zopitilira 6. Banja limakhala ndi mkazi wamkulu. ntchito yake ndiyo nkhani ya ngozi, kupeza njira kusamuka kwa adani.

Gulu lirilonse la nyama limadyera kudera linalake ndipo sililola kuti mahatchi ochokera ku ziweto zina alowe, koma zikafika pakuwukira adani ambiri, magulu atha kugwirizana. Nyama zakutchire zikaukira gulu la anyani, zazimuna zazimuna zimateteza zazing'ono zazikazi ndi zazikazi powazungulira, ndipo iwonso amatembenukira kwa adani ndi nkhwangwa ndikulimbana ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.

Buku. Male foals kukhala mu gulu ndi makolo awo zaka mpaka 3, ndiyeno kusiya kulenga ng'ombe zawo.

Mahatchi a Mustang amadya udzu ndi zitsamba. Amatha kudya popanda masiku ambiri. The ntchito ya mwamuna waukulu kupeza amatunga kuti madzi ndi msipu wabwino. Ndi nyengo yozizira, mahatchi amayenera kukakamira - zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya. Nyama zimakumba chisanu ndi ziboda ndipo zimadya udzu wouma. Kufunda bwinobwino, iwo anakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake.

Mustang mtundu wamahatchi