Winder Wogulitsa Spider (Accipiter rhodogaster) ndi mtundu wina wopingasa (wolemera pafupifupi 188 g). Amakhala ku Indonesia, koma osati kuzilumba zonse, koma ku Sulawesi ndi zingapo zapafupi.

Zidyerazi zimapezeka m'nkhalango kuyambira pachidikha (kuphatikiza mikungwi) kupita kuphiri (lomwe limapezeka pamalo okwera kuposa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja). Amadyetsa mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, makoswe ndi tizilombo. Asayansi akuti mpaka pano, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi.

Sparrowhawk wofiyira (Accipiter ovampensis) amakhala ku Central ndi South Africa. Imapezeka ku savannah komanso m'nkhalango zowola. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimadya nkhandoyi kumafika mpaka g 160. Zilombozi zimadya kwambiri mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri amazipeza ndi kuponya lakuthwa, kuzizingira, atakhala pamtengo wamtali.

Nthawi zina mpheta zimayang'ana nyama, ikuwuluka mlengalenga. Chisa chaching'ono chimamangidwa kuchokera kumitengo chifukwa cha zoyeserera, zazikazi zimayamwa, zamphongo zimamudyetsa panthawiyi. Mu clutch 3-4 mazira.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) imakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango, koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo otseguka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapaki, m'minda. Wingspan ndi pafupifupi 80cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 240g. Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa akazi. Mpheta zimasaka mbalame, zazimuna zimakhutira ndi mpheta, titmouse, mitengo, etc., zazikazi zimakonda nyama zazikulupo - mbalame zamphongo, zovala zakuda, jay.

Zilombo za kumpoto ndizosamuka, zakum'mwera zimakhala. Nest pamitengo italiitali, mu mazira 4-5.

Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wazilamba.

Mapiko a nyama yolusa imeneyi amapitilira 1.1 m, kulemera kwake pafupifupi 1.5 g.Ikukhala ku Eurasia ndi North America. Zikhazikitsidwa zonse mchigwa ndi m'nkhalango zamapiri. Ma Goshawks amakhala phee, koma pali umboni woti mbalame ku North America zimasamukira kumwera nthawi yachisanu.

Amasaka nyama monga agulu, agologolo, ndi ena otero, mbalame, makamaka zazikuluzikulu, zokwawa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadya nyama zosiyanasiyana.

Zimakhala chisa pamtengo, zisa kuchokera ku nthambi zimakhala zochepa. Mu clutch mpaka mazira anayi.

Red Hawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) ndi wokhalamo m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri za kumpoto kwa Australia. Chifukwa chisanu chimasamukira kummawa. Chilombo chachikulu kwambiri, chachikazi chimafika pa g 600. Amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi, wobisalira. Imakonda kwambiri mbalame: mbalame monga mbalame monga agwape, njiwa, maiwa, abakha, kookabur. Zomera pamitengo yayitali. Chidacho ndi nsanja ya mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba obiriwira. Ili pamtunda wamamita 30. M'makola awiri amaqanda.

African Long-Tailed Hawk (Urotriorchis macrourus) imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za West ndi Central Africa. Wingspan 90cm, kulemera 500g. Mchira pafupifupi sentimita 40 umakhala woposa theka la utali wonse wa mbalame. Anapiye amasaka mbalame, agologolo, olusa omwe amakhala pafupi ndi midzi amakhala pachiwopsezo ku nkhuku zoweta. Ching'onoting'ono pamitengo yayitali, ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pobzala mbalame.

Werengani apa za banja la hawk - gawo 9.

Zojambula zakunja kwa zinziri zamagawo ofiira

Sparrowhawk wamaso ofiira ali ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 40. Mapiko a mapiko amatuluka masentimita 60 mpaka 75. Kulemera kumafika magalamu 105 - 305.

Sparrowhawk wofiyira (Accipiter ovampensis)

Chinyama cholusa chamtunduwu chomwe chimakhala ndi ulusi ndi matupi athupi, monga phokoso lenileni. Mlomo ndi waufupi. Wotupa ndi wofiirira, wam'ng'ono, wachisomo. Miyendo ndi yochepa thupi komanso yayitali. Mapeto ake amafikira kutalika kwam mchira wapakati pang'ono. Maonekedwe akunja a amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana. Akazi ndi achikulire 12% ndipo 85% wolemera kuposa amuna.

M'mapulogalamu azinthu zingapo za mpheta zowoneka ngati zofiira, mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana imawonedwa: yowala komanso yamdima.

• Amphongo a mawonekedwe owala amakhala ndi maonekedwe amtambo wamtambo. Zingwe zakuda ndi imvi zimasinthana ndi mchira. Holum imakongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera ang'onoang'ono, omwe amawonekera kwambiri pakupanga kuzizira. Nthenga ziwiri za mchira wapakatikati wokhala ndi mikwingwirima komanso mawanga. Khosi ndi mbali zam'munsi za thupi ndi imvi kwathunthu ndi yoyera, kupatula gawo lakumbuyo pamimba, lomwe limayera. Akazi a mawonekedwe opepuka amakhala ndi mithunzi yambiri ya bulauni ndipo pansi pamakhala mikwingwirima.
• Akuluakulu, mpheta zakuda zakuda zofiirira zimakhala zofiirira zakuda kwathunthu, kupatula mchira wake, womwe umawoneka ngati mbalame zowala. Iris ndi yakuda kapena yofiirira. Mawayilesi achikasu komanso achikasu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi ma bulow brown. Ma nsapato owoneka pamwamba pamaso. Mchirawo amaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima, koma mtundu wake woyera pafupifupi suwonekera. Pansi pake ndi utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi mbali zakuda m'mbali. Iris ndi yofiirira. Miyendo ndi yachikasu.

Mbali yofiira ya Sparrowhawk Habitat

Mpheta zokhala ndi kansalu kokhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowirira, komanso m'malo okhala zitsamba zaminga. Ku South Africa, amakhala mofunitsitsa pamaboma osiyanasiyana komanso mitengo ya bulugamu, mitengo yamapapo, mitengo yamapiri ndi masisitini, koma amakhala pafupipafupi m'malo owonekera. Ziwombankhanga zokhala ndi mbewa zimatalika mpaka kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1.8 km kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kufalikira Kokhala ndi Sparrowhawk

Mpheta zokhala ndi zofiira zimakhala kumayiko aku Africa.

Falikira kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umadziwika pang'ono, ndipo ndizodabwitsa, makamaka ku Senegal, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Togo. Komanso ku Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Central African Republic ndi Kenya. Mpheta za nkhope zofiira zimadziwika bwino kum'mwera kwa kontrakitala. Amapezeka ku Angola, kumwera kwa Zaire ndi Mozambique, mpaka kumwera kwa Botswana, Swaziland, kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Africa.

Mpheta zokhala ndi zofiira zimakhala pamtchire

Mawonekedwe amakhalidwe a zinziri zammbali

Mpheta za nkhope zofiira zimakhala zokha kapena awiriawiri. Nyengo yamatchi, yaimuna ndi yayikazi imayenda, kapena imayenda maulendo ak pandege mofuula. Amuna nawonso amawonetsa ndege zosasunthika. Kummwera kwa Africa, mbalame zodya nyama zimakhazikika pamitengo yosiyanasiyana pamodzi ndi zidyera zina zokuta zinazo.

Mbawala zokhala ndi mbali zokhala mbalame komanso zongokhala zokha; zimatha kuuluka.

Anthu ochokera ku South Africa makamaka amakhala kudera lokhalitsa, ndipo mbalame zochokera kumpoto nthawi zonse zimasamukira. Zomwe zimasunthazi sizikudziwika, koma mbalame zimasunthira pafupipafupi ku Ecuador. Mwachidziwikire, iwo amayenda mtunda wawutali posaka chakudya chochuluka.

Mpheta za nkhope zofiira zimakhala zokha kapena awiriawiri.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Sparrowhawk Red-mbali

Nyengo yakudontha ya mpheta za nkhope zofiira zimatha kuyambira mwezi wa August-Seputembala mpaka Disembala ku South Africa. M'mwezi wa Meyi ndi Seputembala, mbalame zakugalu ku Kenya. Zambiri pa masiku oswana m'madera ena sizikudziwika. Chisa chaching'ono chooneka ngati kapu chimapangidwa ndi nthambi zoonda. Imakhala ndi masikono kuchokera masentimita 35 mpaka 50 mulifupi ndi 15 kapena 20 cm. Mkati mwake, imayikidwa ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono kapena masamba a mtengo, masamba owuma komanso obiriwira. Chisa chimakhala kutalika kwa 10 mpaka 20 metres pamwamba pa nthaka, nthawi zambiri pamaloza pa mtengo waukulu pansi pa mphindikati ya korona. Mpheta zokhala ndi zofiyira nthawi zonse zimasankha mtengo waukulu kwambiri, makamaka popula, bulugamu kapena pine ku South Africa. M'malo mwake, monga lamulo, mazira atatu, omwe amadzimadzira masiku 33 mpaka 36. Anapiyewo amakhalabe chisa masiku enanso 33 asanachisiye konse.

Sparrowhawk wofiyira pang'ono mu Flight

Chakudya chokhazikika cha Sparrowhawk

Mpheta za nkhope zofiira zimadyera mbalame zazing'ono, komanso nthawi zina zimagwira tizilombo touluka. Amuna amakonda kuukira mbalame zazing'ono kuchokera ku Passeriformes yodula, pomwe zazikazi, mwamphamvu, zimatha kugwira mbalame kukula kwa nkhunda. Ma Hoaxes nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa. Amuna amasankha nyama yomwe ili ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 10 mpaka 60, zazikazi zimatha kugwira magalamu mpaka 250, izi nthawi zina zimaposa zolemetsa zawo.

Mpheta zokhala ndi zofiyira zambiri nthawi zambiri zimawukira kuchokera kumalo obisalirako, omwe amabisika bwino kapena ali pamalo otseguka komanso owoneka bwino. Pakadali pano, mbalame zamtunduwu zimathamangira mumasamba ndikugwira zofunafuna zikauluka. Komabe, pamtundu wamtundu wa nyama zodyerazi, ndizodziwikiratu kuthamangitsa omwe amazigwiritsa ntchito kuthawira kuthengo kapena kudutsa madera omwe amapanga gawo lawo losaka. Mpheta zowoneka ngati zofiira zimadyera mbalame zonse limodzi ndi gulu la mbalame zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimakwera kumwamba, ndipo nthawi zina zimatsika kutalika kwa mita 150 kuti zikagwire nyama.

Zinziri zokhala ndi zinziri zokhala ndi nyama

Kusunga zinzirizo zakumaso

Mpheta zokhala ndi nkhope zofiira m'mitundu yambiri zimakhala ngati mbalame zosowa, kupatula ku South Africa, komwe zimasinthidwa bwino kukhala zisa pafupi ndi minda komanso malo olimidwa.

Chifukwa cha izi, amafalikira pafupipafupi kuposa mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi mbala zenizeni. M'malo awa, malo okhala ochepa amakhala ochepa ndipo amawerengedwa pa 1 kapena awiriawiri pamtunda wa 350 km. Ngakhale ndi chidziwitso chotere, kuchuluka kwa mpheta zowoneka ngati zofiira kumawerengeredwa anthu masauzande angapo, ndipo malo onse amtunduwo ndi ochulukirapo ndipo ali ndi malo a ma kilomita 3.5 miliyoni. Kuneneratu za kukhalanso kwamtsogolo kwamtunduwu kumawoneka kuti ndikwabwino, chifukwa mpheta zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira zimawoneka zodekha, ngati kuti zikupitilizabe kuzolowera chilengedwe chomwe anthu akuchita. Izi zikuyenera kupitilirabe, ndipo mbalame zamtunduwu ziziwononga malo posachedwa. Chifukwa chake, mpheta za nkhope zofiira sizikufuna chitetezo chapadera komanso maudindo, njira zapadera zotetezera sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo. Mtunduwu umayesedwa kuti ndiwowopsa kwambiri.

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