Wotupa-wofiirira (Spotted-Necked Otter - Lutra maculicollis) adalandira dzina chifukwa cha mawanga kapena mikwingwirima yomwe ili pakhosi ndi pachifuwa chapamwamba. Wodziika m'makoma amakhala ku Africa kum'mwera kwa madigiri 10 kumpoto, pomwe gawo lalikulu limapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Kumadzulo kwa Africa, komanso kumwera chakum'mawa, kumpoto chakum'mawa, ndi kum'mawa, nyama izi siziri. Imapezeka ku Angola, Benin, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, kumadzulo kwa Zambia, Burundi, South Africa ndi Swaziland. Kukhalapo ndikotheka ku Ghana, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, Liberia, Togo, ndi Sierra Leone.
Malo omwe ali ndi mawanga amapezeka munyanja za Victoria ndi Tanganyika, komanso m'malo onyowa omwe ali kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Spotted otter imakhala pafupi ndi magwero amadzi osatha kapena akumwalira panthawi yachilala. Amakonda madzi odekha komanso m'mphepete mwa miyala, yopezeka m'madzi, madambo, mitsinje, komanso m'mitsinje yamapiri pamitunda yayitali. Simalowa m'mitsinje yokhala ndi nyanja yamchere yolimba komanso yopanda madzi.
Thupi limakhala loonda komanso lonyowa, chovalacho chimakhala chosalala komanso chonyezimira. Tsitsi lakuthupi limakhala lokwera komanso losalala. Tsitsi lakunja ndi 13-16 mm kutalika, ndipo undercoat yawo ndi 7 mm. Kumbuyo ndi kansalu kapenanso ka bulauni. Thupi lina lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi kuchokera ku bulauni kufiyira bulauni. Nyama zina zimakhala ndi mawanga oyera m'chigawo cha inguinal. Mtundu wa chovalachi umakhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu, nthawi zambiri ngakhale maalubino kapena alubino pang'ono amapezeka.
Mchira wakewo ndi wautali, ukulowera kumapeto. Ma paws ali ndi zimapanga zopangidwa mwaluso, zala zili ndi zala lakuthwa, zolimba 10 mm, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusodza. Zovala zam'miyendo yakumbuyo zimafupika pang'ono.
Mutuwo ndi waukulu komanso wotakata, ukutha ndi mutu waukulu. Pilo ya mphuno ndi yamaliseche, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi trapezoid yokhala ndi ming'oma yaying'ono kumbali: mphuno zimapezeka pamenepo. Chibwano ndi mulomo wapamwamba ndi zoyera. Makutu ndi achidule komanso ozungulira. Mawonekedwe onse ndi kapangidwe kake ka osterwa zimawonetsa kuthekera kwa mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe momwe zimakhalira m'madzi.
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 575 mm, mchira - kuchokera 330 mpaka 445 mm kutalika. Amuna otentha amalemera pafupifupi 4 - 5 kg (ali mu ukapolo - mpaka 9 makilogalamu), zazikazi pafupifupi 3.5 - 4 kg, pomwe zazikazi ndizochepa pang'ono, opepuka komanso ochepa minofu kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwa chigaza kwa amuna ochokera ku South Africa kunali 107.1 mm (105-108.5), akazi - 95.9 mm (94.2-97.5). Mano a mano - i 3/3, c 1/1, p 4/3, m 1/2, mano okwanira 36. Voliyumu voliyumu 9 otters okwana 49 ml, ndi encephalization coefferior (chiyerekezo cha kuchuluka kwa ubongo mpaka kulemera kwa thupi) ndi 1.28.
Woyambitsa-mawanga amatha kukhala moyo wamtundu, kupatula nthawi yomwe mkazi amawonekera ndi ana. Magulu abanja oterewa, omwe amafikira mpaka anthu atatu, amatha kuwoneka pokhapokha pakubala.
Amuna ali ndi nyumba yayikulu kwambiri momwe akazi ambiri m'modzi amakhalamo. Woyendetsa aliyense amateteza gawo mpaka pamtunda wa 3.5 km m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Samateteza kwambiri madera awo, kulola enanso kusaka mkati mwake, makamaka ngati pali nsomba zokwanira kapena nyama ina pano.
Kukhazikika komanso chikhalidwe cha otter chimawoneka kuti chimatengera dera lomwe akukhalamo. Chifukwa chake, m'mphepete mwa nyanja yayikulu ku Africa, timagulu tosiyanasiyana titha kupangika tokhala ndi anthu 5 mpaka 20 omwe amakhala limodzi pagawo limodzi.
Otsutsawo amathandizana wina ndi mzake ndi kufuula kosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, makina owongoka amathandizira kulumikizana, ndipo kufuula kocheperako, komwe kumathandizidwa ndi mawu akulira, kumakhala chenjezo la ngozi. Zomveka zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi mkaziyo zikufotokozedwa, zomwe ndizofanana ndi magulu angapo amitundu "zitsulo" zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito polumikizana ndi achinyamata.
Kubadwira kwa ma buluzi omwe ali ndi mawanga ndi nyengo ndipo kumachitika pakatikati pa Seputembala mpaka Disembala, kubadwa kwa ana kwakukulu kumachitika mu Seputembala. Zoyala ku South Africa otters nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje (40%) ndi madamu (45%); m'madambo amapezeka mwangozi (3%), komanso pamadzi (2%).
Pakatha masiku 60-65 atakhala ndi pakati, mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri kapena atatu (wamkazi amakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zam'mimba), wokutidwa ndi ubweya wosalala. Ana agalu amayamba kusambira ali ndi milungu 8, ndipo amaleka kudya mkaka wazaka 12 mpaka 16.
Achinyamata achichepere amasewera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake panali kuwunika pamene osuta amaponyera kena kake m'madzi kenako ndikulumpha m'madzi, kuyesera kuti akagwire isanafike pansi. Izi amakhulupirira kuti ziziwathandiza kudziwa luso la kusaka kuyambira ali mwana.
Mkaziyo amasamalira ana ake, amadyetsa ndi kumlondera pafupifupi chaka, pamene iwo amakhalabe ndi amayi ake. Kenako ana ang'onoang'ono amakhazikika ndikudziyimira pawokha. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka ziwiri zokha. Popeza abambo amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu momwe akazi angapo amakhala, amphongo amatha kutenga nawo mbali polera ana.
Spotot otter amatha kugwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse yamasana, usana ndi usiku. Nthawi yogwira ntchito kwambiri kwa otter ndi maola 2-3 dzuwa lisanalowe kapena dzuwa litalowa, pamene akusaka, ngakhale atha kudya nthawi iliyonse masana. Wotchera tulo nthawi zambiri amagona mdzenje lake, komwe wopanga mawanga amawoneka pafupi ndi madzi mumtsinje ndi zina zopezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kapena m'miyala yamiyala.
Iwo ndi amodzi mwa asodzi odziwa kusambira mwamadzi onse. Zowotcha khosi zowoneka ndizosangalatsa ndipo zimakhala nthawi yayitali kusewera limodzi ndi ma otters ena, koma zimatha kusewera zokhazokha. Woyambitsa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako yomwe amasewera mosangalatsa komanso kusewera kwambiri ngakhale atakula.
Kulikonse komwe amakhala, osuta amakonda madzi osaya m'malo mwa madzi akuya, popeza kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, ma cichlids ang'onoang'ono, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi madzi osaya. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi nsomba zonse zimachitidwa osapitilira 10 m kuchokera pagombe, ndimachita bwino kwambiri mkati mwa mamita 2. Nthawi zina otter amapitilizabe kusodza ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi zonse: amangosewera nawo. Zovala zawo zakuthwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti athe kugwira nsomba zomwe amadya kuyambira mchira, nthawi zina amaponyera mitu. Amakondanso kudya nkhanu ndi achule, koma mosiyana ndi bezterot otter, nsomba ndizomwe zimadya kwambiri.
Kuwona kwawonetsa kuti oster nthawi zambiri amasodza kwa mphindi 10-20, koma nthawi zina mpaka maola atatu. Munthawi ya usodzi wa mphindi 468 (munkakumana kangapo), nsomba ndi ma setera adapanga nyama 522, makamaka yaing'ono nsomba, yomwe inali 1 kugwidwa kwa nyama mwa mphindi 1.1. Chiwerengero chofanizira chilichonse cha nsomba chilichonse chinali 2.0 (kuyambira 1 mpaka 11). Ngati nsomba iliyonse ikagwidwa imalemera pafupifupi 5.7 g, ndiye kuti wosuta aliyense ayenera kusodza tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 97 zosaka (nthawi yayitali) pafupifupi 500 g ya nsomba.
Zakudya zawo zodziwika bwino ndi nsomba (Barbus, Clarias, Haplochromis, Micropterus salmoides, sala trutta, ndi Tilapia), ma invertebrates ndi vertebrates: achule (makamaka Xenopus laevis ndi Rana), nkhanu (Potomonautes), ma mollusks, tizilombo ta m'madzi ndi mphutsi - awo zikuchokera zimadalira nyengo.
Pa Nyanja ya Victoria (Tanzania), 61% ya nkhonya zinali Haplochromis, 46% Tilapia, 14% milozo zamtambo (Bagrus kapena Clarias), ndi 1% nkhanu (Potamon niloticusв). Pa Nyanja ya Muhazi, ku Rwanda, kuwunika kwa zakudya kunawonetsa kuti nsomba zimapanga 80%, tizilombo 10%, mollusks 3% ndi 2% mbalame ndi achule. Ku South Africa, chakudya chosavuta kwambiri chinali nsomba (47%), nkhanu ndizo 38% ndi achule - 8%.
Botolo silimakhala kutali ndi madzi, kumtunda kumawoneka kovuta kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, lili ndi vuto lotentha mopitirira muyeso. Chifukwa chake, amasiya madziwo kuti ayambenso, ndikuphika padzuwa pang'ono kapena kuyeretsa malaya ake aubweya pamiyala yoyandikana nayo.
Ubweya wakuda kwambiri umapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala lotentha komanso louma m'madzi, chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa thovu lambiri m'maso awo, chifukwa khungu lawo silimanyowa.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe, mwachiwonekere chimafika zaka 8, ali mu ukapolo amakhala zaka 20. Kuchulukana kwa anthu oterewa kukuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo okhala, kuipitsa, komanso kulowerera kwa anthu. M'madzi, mdani wa oster ndi ng'ona, pamtunda adani ake akuluakulu ndi chitha ndi munthu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ubweya wofewa, wofewa.
Malo okuma, okhala ndi madzi nawonso akutulutsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso chitukuko cha mafakitale, kuchepetsa malo oti otter ndi mitundu yake yambiri azikhalamo. Kukokololoka kwa dothi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kulinso vuto. Kudula kwa mitengo m'malo obisalako kumapangitsa kuti madzi azithamanga komanso kusowetsa madzi m'matupi amadzi, zomwe zimachepetsa kuoneka m'madzi. Zonsezi zimakhudza bwino kusaka kwa aster. Madzi osungira komanso owononga poyizoni am'madzi onse ndi chakudya chawo.
Ubweya wa otter ndiwofunika kwambiri ndi anthu akumaloko, chifukwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda amaso ndi / kapena mphuno. Mu 1997, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Zakumapeto II za CITES Convention. Ngakhale ma otter amatetezedwa ndi malamulo m'maiko ambiri, samaphedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wofunika, komanso monga tizirombo tikamavutitsidwa ndi maukonde asodzi, kapena chifukwa amawaganizira ndi omwe amapikisana nawo asodzi.
Kufotokozera kwa Spotted Otter
Thupi la oster ili ndi lochepera komanso locheperako. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 57,5, koma kuganizira mchira wake ndi 95-117 sentimita. Akazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna. Akazi amalemera kilogalamu 3.5-5, ndipo amuna amalemera kilogalamu 4-5. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo. Phokoso ndilalokulira, ndipo nsonga ya mphuno iri yopanda kanthu. Maso amakongoleredwa, ochepa kukula.
Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi masentimita 33-44,5, mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira. Zala za khosi lamalo la oster zimadulidwa, zili ndi zikhadabo zolimba komanso zowala, kutalika kwake mpaka kufika mamilimita 10. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, zibwano ndizafupikirako pang'ono kuposa pamafelemu.
Chovala chovala mawanga ndi chowala komanso chosalala. Tsitsi ndi losalala komanso lakuda. Kutalika kwa tsitsi lakunja ndi milimita 13-16, ndipo kutalika kwa undercoat ndi 7 mamilimita. Mtundu wa kumbuyo ndi chokoleti chofiirira kapena chofiirira. Pali mawanga oyera ndi abulauni pachifuwa ndi pakhosi. Anthu ena amakhala ndi malo oyera m'mandawo. Chibwano ndi mulomo wapamwamba ndi zoyera. Nthawi zambiri pakati pama albino otonedwa amapezeka.
Spotted Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis).
Spotted Otter Habitat
Amayala amenewa amakhala m'madzi a Tanganyika ndi Victoria, ndipo amapezekanso m'malo otentha omwe amakhala kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.
Ma Otter amakonda ma dziwe kapena akasupe omwe amawuma pakagwa chilala. Amakhala m'miyala yamadzi ndi madzi odekha. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala m'mitsinje, nyanja, madambo ndi mapiri amitunda italiitali. Nyanja zamphamvu ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi magetsi amphamvu, zimapewa. Izi zotsekemera zimakonda madzi osaya m'malo mwa madzi akuya.
Wamoyo Otter
Chovala chakudontha chimagwira nthawi iliyonse masana, koma nsonga ya ntchito imawoneka kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi maola awiri awiri dzuwa lisanalowe. Otter amapuma m'makumba awo, omwe amapanga pafupi ndi madzi.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa chin-yoyera utoto umasiyana kuchokera ku chokoleti mpaka chofiirira.
Wosuta-wokhala ndi mawanga osambira bwino kuposa abale ena opanda madzi. Izi ndi nyama zokalamba zomwe zimawononga nthawi yayitali kusewera ndi mtundu wawo, komanso zimatha kusewera zokha.
Akayamba kutuluka, amasunthika dzuwa ndikusambitsa malaya awo. M'madzi, thupi la otter limakhalabe louma chifukwa cha ubweya wake wakuda, womwe umakhala ndi thovu lalikulu. Chifukwa cha mpweya uwu, khungu la oster silitha kunyowa.
Adani a omwe ali ndi mawanga ndi mamba, thonje, ndi anthu. Nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 8, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala zaka 20.
Chakudya Otter
Chakudya chachikulu mwa izi ndi nsomba: clariasis, barbs, tilapia, lalikulu-mouthed perches, haplochromis, trout. Amadyetsanso achule, ma invertebrates, nkhanu, mapira, tizilombo am'madzi ndi mphutsi zawo.
Pa Nyanja ya Victoria, ku Tanzania, mating amachitika mu Julayi, ndipo ana amabadwa mu September.
Malo osaka omwe amakonda kusakidwa amakonda m'madzi osaya, chifukwa ma cichlids ambiri amasambira kumeneko, omwe ndi nyama yayikulu. Otter sagwira nsomba mosapitirira 10 metres kuchokera pagombe. Pakusaka, nsapato zakuthwa zimawathandiza. Woyambitsa kudya amadya nsomba kumchira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaponyera mutu wake. Malinga ndikuwona, otter imodzi imatenga mphindi 10-20 kuti igwire nsomba imodzi.
Kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zamtambo
Izi zimayambitsa moyo wokhala pawekha, zazikazi zokha munthawi yakulera ana zimapezeka m'mabanja okhala ndi anthu atatu.
Amuna amakhala m'malo akuluakulu momwe akazi angapo amakhala. Munthu aliyense ali ndi mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 3.5. Ma Spotot otayika samateteza madera awo mokangalika ndipo amalola anthu ena kusaka pamasamba awo.
Akazi othamangitsidwa ndi amuna oyera satenga nawo mbali polera ana.
Oyimba amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi kufuula ngati msipu wosokosera. Ngati ali pachiwopsezo, amatulutsa mluzu wobaya, limodzi ndi mawu akulira.
Kubala Otetezedwa Otetezedwa
Nyengo yoswana imatha mwezi wa Seputembala mpaka Disembala. Zachikazi zimapanga mabowo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'madambo, pafupi ndi madamu ndi m'madziwe. Mimba imatenga masiku 60-65, pambuyo pake ana amatenga chovala chachifundo. Akazi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa masabata 12-16. Pofika sabata la 8 ayamba kale kusambira.
Akazi amasamalira ana pachaka chonse. Popeza yamphongoyo imakhala ndi malo akulu omwe akazi angapo amakhala, amatha kuthandiza akaziwo kubereka ana.
Akazi achichepere amasewera kwambiri, motero amadziwa luso la kusaka. Akamakula, amakhazikika ndikuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutha msambo mwa akazi kumachitika mu zaka 2.
Kuthengo, otter amatha kugwidwa ndi ng'ona.
Amakhala Otter ndi Man
Boti lomwe linali ndi mawanga linatulutsidwa mwachangu mpaka 1973, izi zinali chifukwa cha ubweya wokwera mtengo. Kwa khungu la otter adalipira $ 40. Asodzi ankakonda kupha asodzi ngati tizirombo ta maukonde asodzi.
Mu 1997, maopter awa adalembedwa mu Appendix II ya CITES Convention. Vuto lalikulu la nyama izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde, omwe mumakhala maukonde omwe amakodwa ndi kufa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kufalitsa
Nyere yokhala ndi timiyala tambiri ndiofalikira kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Gawoli limayambira ku Guinea-Bissau ku West Africa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo mpaka kumalire a Namibia, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Botswana ndi Zimbabwe komanso kummawa kudzera ku Kenya ndi Tanzania, Malawi ndi madera ena a Mozambique mpaka kummwera kwa South Africa.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Woyambitsa nsomba amadya nsomba (Barbus, Clarias, Haplochromis, Micropterus salmoides, Masalimo trutta, Tilapia) ndi achule (makamaka Xenopus laevis, Rana) Kuthengo, otter amatha kugwidwa ndi ng'ona. Chiwombankhanga chowulira chimathanso kusaka ana.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Nyakwayo ndi nyama yomwe imadya yochokera ku banja la ofera. Ponseponse, pali mitundu 12 yosiyanasiyana mu banja la otter, ngakhale limadziwika 13. Mitundu ya ku Japan ya nyama yosangalatsayi idatha padziko lapansi.
Pali mitundu yambiri, koma odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- mtsinje otter (wamba),
- Woyesa wamkulu waku Brazil (chimphona),
- nsomba yamtunda (sea otter),
- Sumatran otter,
- Asiatic otter (palibe kachilomboka).
Mtsinje womwe uli pamalopo ndi wofala kwambiri, timvetsetsa za nthawi yake, koma tidzaphunziranso za mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa.Nyani yotentha ikakhazikika ku Amazon, imangokonda zotentha. Pamodzi ndi mchira, kukula kwake ndi mikono iwiri, ndipo wolusa choterocho amalemera 20 kg. Paws imakhala ndi ubweya wamphamvu, wopindika, wamtambo wakuda. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha otters chatsika kwambiri.
Ma ottery apanyanja, kapena maatomati amnyanja, amatchedwanso onyamula nyanja. Osintha nyanja amakhala ku Kamchatka, North America, pa zilumba za Aleutian. Akuluakulu, kulemera kwa amuna kumafika 35 kg. Nyama izi ndizanzeru komanso zanzeru. Amayika zakudya zawo m'thumba mwapadera lomwe lili pansi pa dzanja lamanzere. Kuti adye ma mollusks, adagawana zipolopolo zawo ndi miyala. Nyanja yakutchire imatetezedwa, tsopano chiwerengero chake chakwera pang'ono, koma kusaka nyama kumakhalabe koletsedwa.
Kanema: Otter
Sumatran otter amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Amakhala m'nkhalango za mango, m'madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri. Mbali ina yosiyanitsa ndi phokoso ili, ndimphuno yake ngati thupi lonse. Kupanda kutero, zimawoneka ngati otter wamba. Zambiri zake ndizapakatikati. Kulemera pafupifupi 7 kg, dyne - kupitirira mita imodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Asiatic otter amakhala ku Indonesia ndi Indochina. Amakonda kupezeka m'minda ya mpunga yomwe idasefukira. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya compactness. Imakula mpaka ma cm 45 kutalika.
Zovala zamkono mwake sizinapangidwe bwino, zochepa kwambiri ndipo nembanemba sizipangidwa. Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma otters kumadalira malo omwe amakhala. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kulikonse, komabe, ma otter onse ali ndi kufanana kwina pamadongosolo ambiri, omwe tikambirana pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha otter wamba wamtsinje.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Animal Otter
Thupi la mtsinje wa otter limakhala lokwera komanso lopendekeka. Kutalika kopanda mchira kumasiyana kuchokera theka la mita mpaka mita. Mchira womwewo umatha kukhala 25 cm mpaka 50. Kulemera wamba ndi 6 - 13 kg. Cutie otter wosangalatsa amakhala ndi phokoso laling'ono, lokwera komanso laling'ono. Makutu ndi maso ndi ochepa komanso ozungulira. Miyendo ya otter, monga yosambira yabwino, ndi yamphamvu, yifupi komanso yokhala ndi zibwano zazitali ndi nembanemba. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wopindika. Amafunikira zonsezi pakusambira. Zomwe zimakonda zangoyokha zimakhala zabwino komanso zosinthika.
Ubweya wa otter ndi chic, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ovuta. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo ndi wa bulauni, ndipo pamimba ndichopepuka kwambiri ndipo limakhala ndi siliva. Pamwamba pa chovalacho pali coarser, ndipo pansi pake pali chovala chofewa, champhamvu kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa chomwe sichimalola madzi kudutsa thupi la otter, kumawotha nthawi zonse. Zoyimirazi ndizotakata komanso zopangira, zimasamalira mkhalidwe wa ubweya wawo, kumaziyeretsa bwino kuti ubweya ndiwofewa komanso wosathina, izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musazizire kuzizira, chifukwa ma minyewa otsekemera alibe mafuta m'thupi lawo. Amasungunuka m'ngululu ndi chilimwe.
Akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma otters, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake. Wamphongo ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Ndi diso lamaliseche nthawi yomweyo sizingatheke kudziwa yemwe ali patsogolo panu - wamwamuna kapena wamkazi? Chosangalatsa cha nyama izi ndi kupezeka kwa ma mavenda apadera m'makutu ndi mphuno, zomwe zimalepheretsa kanyumba kamadzi ndikamadumphira. Masomphenya a otter ndi abwino, ngakhale ali pansi pa madzi, amawongolera bwino. Mwambiri, nyama zodyerazi zimamva bwino kwambiri, m'madzi komanso pamtunda.
Kufotokozera kwa Sumatran Otter
Kunja, ma Sumatran otters amafanana ndi ma ottery enanso amchere. Koma mawonekedwe a Sumatran otter ndi mphuno yaubweya, mawonekedwe omwe sapezeka mumtundu wina uliwonse.
Ma Sumatran otters ndi a sing'anga kukula: kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 50 mpaka 82 sentimita, kutalika kwa mchira kumawonjezedwanso pamtengo uwu - 35-50 sentimita. Kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa kilogalamu 5-8. Zilonda zamtanda, zala zimatha ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi lakuthwa. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyocheperako kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.
Sumatran Otter (Lutra sumatrana).
Ubweya wake ndi wokongola komanso wokongola. Tsitsi lotsalalo ndi laling'ono pang'ono, kutalika kwake kumafikira mamilimita 12-14, ndipo undercoat - 7-8 millimeter. Mtundu umatha kukhala osiyana ndi chokoleti chakuda kupita ku chestnut yofiira.
Khosi komanso nsagwada ndi zoyera. Mphuno imakutidwa ndi ubweya wamfupi wakuda.
Sumatran Otter Habitats
Oimira mtunduwu amakhala m'nkhalango zokhala ndi mabango ndi mabango, okhala ndi malo otsetsereka ndi ngalande. Zili zodziwika kwambiri pamphepete mwa nyanja.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Vietnam, ma Sumatran otters amakhala m'mitundu inayi ya malo okhala. M'chilankhulo chimamera ndi mabango okwezeka, mpaka 3 mita. Malo achiwiri a otters ndi malo otseguka.
Pali chakudya chambiri m'malo osambira, koma kulibe malo obisalirako, choncho oster amangogwiritsa ntchito posaka. Pamalo okhala ndi mitengo yokhwima, ma otter amapeza nsomba zochuluka ndi malo oti apumulitsire poyambira mizu.
M'madzi pansi pa bango pali zakudya zambiri zoyenera ma otters: ma mollusks, akhwangwala ndi nsomba. Malo akuluakulu okhala ndi Sumatran otter ndi ngalande, chifukwa zimapereka zofunikira pakudya za nyama izi, ndipo m'mphepete mwa masamba owundana pali malo ambiri komwe mungabisike.
Moyo wa Sumatran otter
Ponena za thanzi la zakudya za Sumatran otters, palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika, koma amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zawo ndizofanana ndi zakudya za otters ena am'madzi atsopano. Mu 2000, kafukufuku adachitika pa zotulutsa za Sumatran otter kumwera kwa Thailand, pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti pafupifupi 78% ya zakudya zimakhala ndi nsomba, ndipo njoka zili m'malo achiwiri. Komanso mu ndowezozo mudapezeka zotsalira za ma invertebrates: tizilombo ndi nkhanu, koma zimapezeka zochepa.
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti nsomba ndiye michere yayikulu ya ma Sumatran otters, ndipo zimabala nyama zina zochepa. Zoyimitsa zimasiya zitosi m'malo owoneka bwino pamalo okwezeka: pamapondamtunda, m'malire a dziko lapansi, pamitengo ya mitengo ndi zina zotero. Malangizo otter awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, nthawi zina kwa zaka zingapo.
Sumatran otters amaganiza kuti amakhala ochezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Palibe chidziwitso pakulembedweratu izi mwa chilengedwe. Zimangodziwika kuti mu ukapolo Sumatran otters amabweretsa ana agalu atatu. Kuyang'aniridwa mu ukapolo kumawonetsa kuti nthawi zina amuna amathandiza akazi kudyetsa ana awo.
Posoŵa chakudya, a Sumatran otters amatha kusamukira kumalo ena kupita kwina, pomwe akuyenda mtunda wautali.
Sumatran otters ndi anthu
Ma Sumatran otters samasungidwa malo osungirako zinyama ndi andende. Komanso asodzi samazunza izi chifukwa chazolowera. Ma Sumatran otters sangakhale otsekeka, amafunika malo owerengeka kuti athe kuyendayenda kwambiri ndikuyang'ana gawo.
Sumatran otters amakonda kusuntha kwambiri, ndipo ngati akukhala m'khola, amayesera konse kuti awononge chotchinga ndikupita kunja.
Choopsa chachikulu pazamoyo zamunthu ndi munthu. Anthu amabweretsera nyama nkhawa ndi zochita zawo. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe, kuba, kusaka, kupititsa patsogolo ulimi, kuchepetsedwa kwa chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito ziphe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zonsezi zimachepetsa mitunduyi.
Ma Sumatran otters amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, madera otsika a mitsinje, madambo onyowa, mitengo yamatanthwe, mitsinje yamapiri yoposa 300 m kuposa nyanja. Kusaka ndivuto lalikulu kwambiri pa Sumatran otters, motero kuyambira 1995 mpaka 1996 mazana angapo ma otters adawonongedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wokongola. Asaka ndiye kuti adapeza ndalama 50-60 pa otter aliyense wophedwa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Kodi otter amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mtsinje Otter
Chothekera chimatha kupezeka paliponseponse kupatula wina waku Australia. Ndi nyama zapamadzi, motero amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitsinje, komanso dambo. Zimbudzi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, koma chinthu chimodzi sichimasinthika - ndikuyeretsa kwamadzi ndikuyenda kwake. Wotulutsa sakhala m'madzi akuda. M'dziko lathu, otter ali paliponse; amakhala ku Far North, Chukotka.
Dera lokhalidwa ndi oster limatha kupitilira kwamakilomita angapo (mpaka 20). Malo ochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndipo amakhala pafupifupi makilomita awiri. Madera ochulukirapo amapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Amuna amakhala atali kwambiri kuposa akazi, njira zawo zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Woyambitsa yemweyo pa gawo lake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nyumba zingapo momwe amakhala nthawi. Zidyamazi sizimanga nyumba zawo. Otters amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana pakati pa miyala, pansi pa mizu ya mbewu m'mbali mwa miyala.
Malo otetezekawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutuluka angapo. Komanso, omangamanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zomwe anthu omwe adakonzedwa ndi nyala, momwe amakhala. Woyeserera ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi nyumba yosungidwa nthawi zonse. Zitha kukhala zothandiza pokhapokha malo ake ogona ali m'dera la kusefukira kwa madzi.
Kodi otter amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Little Otter
Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha oster, kumene, ndi nsomba. Zidyamakanda zamtunduwu zimakonda maolloll, mitundu yonse ya crustaceans. Ma Otter samadedwa ndi mazira a mbalame, mbalame zazing'ono, ndipo amasaka makoswe ang'ono. Ngakhale muskrat ndi chakumwa, oster amadya mosangalatsa, ngati ali ndi mwayi wowagwira. Wotchetcha amatha kudya mbawala yamadzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imavulala.
Nthawi yayikulu imakhala nthawi yayitali pakamtunda kuti ipeze chakudya. Ndiwosaka kosasunthika, yemwe m'madzi amathamangitsa kuthamangitsa, kuthana ndi ma 300. Atalowa m'madzi, oster amatha popanda mphindi ziwiri. Pamene otter adzaza, imatha kupitiliza kusaka kwake, ndipo ndi nsomba yomwe yagwidwa imangosewera ndi kusangalala.
M'malo asodzi, zochitika za otter zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa zimadya nsomba zosagulitsa, zomwe zimatha kudya mazira ndi mwachangu. Wotchetcha amatha kudya kilogalamu imodzi ya nsomba patsiku. Ndizosangalatsa kuti amadya nsomba yaying'ono m'madzi, ndikuyika pamimba pake, monga patebulo, ndikutulutsa lalikulu kumtunda, komwe amakonda kudya.
Popeza wokonda nsomba wopala uyu ndi woyera kwambiri, ndiye kuluma pambuyo pake ndikudumphira m'madzi, kuyeretsa nsomba yake ku zinyalala zam nsomba. Nthawi yozizira ikamatha, mzere wina umakhala pakati pa ayezi ndi madzi, ndipo osuliza amawagwiritsa ntchito, amasuntha bwino pansi pa ayezi ndikuyang'ana nsomba kuti idye nkhomaliro.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kagayidwe ka otters kamatha kukhala ndi kaduka. Ndiwofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti chimbudzi ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa chimachitika mwachangu, njira yonseyi imangotenga ola limodzi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mphamvu yayikuru yogwiritsa ntchito nyamayo, yomwe kwa nthawi yayitali imasaka ndikuyamwa madzi ozizira (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala oundana), momwe kutentha sikumakhala m'thupi la nyama kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi wamasiku ano umasintha momwe moyo wawo umakhalira komanso chikhalidwe chake. Wowoyayo amakhala ndi chidwi komanso mosamala. Amamva kwambiri, amamva kununkhira komanso maso owoneka bwino. Mtundu uliwonse wa otter umakhala mwanjira yake. Mtsinje wamba umakonda kukhala ndi moyo wopendekera, nyama zodabwitsazi zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha, ndikulowerera gawo lake, momwe zimakhazikika.
Nyamazi ndizolimbikira komanso zimakonda kusewera, kusambira mosalekeza, zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali poyenda, kusaka kumathandizanso. Ngakhale akuchenjeza, munthu wosutayo amakhala wokondwa kwambiri, ali ndi chidwi komanso chidwi. M'chilimwe, atasambira, samasinthana ndi kutentha kwa mafupa awo padzuwa, akugwira mitsinje yamagetsi ofunda. Ndipo nyengo yozizira, kusangalala kwa ana kotereku sikumakhala kwachilendo kwa iwo. Otter amakonda kuyenda motere, kusiya njira yayitali m'chipale chofewa.
Amakhalabe pamimba zawo, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati madzi oundana. Amakwera kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi ya chilimwe, atamaliza kusangalatsa konse kuwuluka m'madzi. Pomwe mukukwera pa zokopa zotere, oseketsa moseketsa ndikuimba mluzu. Pali lingaliro kuti amachita izi osati zongosangalatsa, komanso kuti ayeretse malaya awo aubweya. Kuchuluka kwa nsomba, madzi oyera ndi oyenda, malo obisika - iyi ndiye njira yokhazikitsira chisangalalo cha otter aliyense.
Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira m'gawo lokonda kwambiri la otter, ndiye kuti chitha kukhalamo nthawi yayitali. Nyama imakonda kuyenda m'njira zofananira. Wowotchera samamangika mwamphamvu kumalo enaake omwe adaponyedwa. Ngati chakudya chikuyamba kuchepa, ndiye kuti nyamayo imapitilira ulendo wapaulendo kuti ikapeze malo oyenera oti sipangakhale mavuto ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, otter amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Ngakhale pamadzi oundana komanso matalala ofunikira tsiku limodzi, amatha kusintha kwa 18 - 20 km.
Onetsetsani kuti zowonjezera zimakonda kutumizidwa kukasaka usiku, koma osati nthawi zonse. Ngati otter akumva kutetezedwa kwathunthu, samawona chilichonse chowopseza, ndiye kuti ndiwokhazikika komanso champhamvu pafupifupi kuzungulira wotchi - yotentha komanso yolimba, yopanda mphamvu komanso nyonga!
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal Otter
Kuyanjana ndi kuyankhulana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma otters ali ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi kusiyana kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, ma ottery apanyanja, amakhala m'magulu momwe amuna ndi akazi alipo. Ndipo otter waku Canada amakonda kupanga magulu aimuna okha, gulu lonse la amuna, ochokera ku nyama 10 mpaka 12.
Chochititsa chidwi: Otsitsira pamtsinje ndi osakwatiwa. Akazi, pamodzi ndi ana awo, amakhala m'dera lomwelo, koma mkazi aliyense amayesa kudzipatula pamalo ake. Pazinthu zazimuna pali malo ena akulu kwambiri komwe amakhala mokhazikika kufikira nthawi yakukhwima itayamba.
Maanja amakhala kwa nthawi yocheperako, kenako mwamunayo amabwerera ku moyo wake waufulu, osatenga gawo lililonse polankhulana ndi ana ake. Nthawi yobereketsa imachitika nthawi ya masika komanso nthawi yachilimwe. Amuna amaweruza kukonzekereratu kwa akazi, mokomera ndi kumanzere kwake. Thupi la otters ndi lokonzeka kubereka awiri (mwa akazi), atatu (mwa amuna) zaka za moyo. Kuti apambane dona wamtima, omanga ma cavalier nthawi zambiri amachita ndewu yosatopa
Yaikazi imanyamula ana awowo kwa miyezi iwiri. Mpaka ana anayi amatha kubadwa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi awiri okha mwa iwo. Mayi wa oster amasamalira kwambiri ana ake ndipo amakula mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ana amabadwa kale atavala malaya aubweya, koma samawona chilichonse, amalemera pafupifupi 100. Patatha milungu iwiri, amayamba kuwona ndipo kuyamba kwawo kumayamba.
Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ayamba kale kuphunzira kusambira. Nthawi yomweyo, mano awo amakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayamba kudya zakudya zawo. Momwemonso, akadali ocheperako ndipo amatengera zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo. Amayi amaphunzitsa ana ake kusodza, chifukwa moyo wawo umadalira izi. Pokhapokha ana atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi amakhala okhwima komanso achikulire, okonzekera kusambira kwaulere.
Adani Achilengedwe
Chithunzi: Mtsinje Otter
Otters amakhala moyo wobisalira, kuyesera kukhala m'malo obisika kutali ndi malo okhala. Komabe, nyama izi zimakhala ndi adani okwanira.
Kutengera mtundu wa nyama ndi gawo lomwe akukhala, ikhoza kukhala:
Nthawi zambiri anthu onyentchera onsewa amayendera nyama zazing'ono komanso zopanda nzeru. Ngakhale nkhandwe imatha kuyambitsa ngozi kwa oster, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imatembenukira kwa otter wovulala kapena wakodwa mumsampha. Woyeserera amatha kudziteteza molimba mtima, makamaka ngati moyo wa ana ake uli pachiwopsezo.Pali nthawi zina pomwe adalowa nkhondo ndi alligator ndipo adatulukamo. Wopsa mtima ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, wolimba mtima, wokalamba komanso wopanda nzeru.
Komabe, chowopsa chachikulu kwa oster ndi anthu. Ndipo mfundo pano sikungosaka ndi kuthamangitsa ubweya wa chic, komanso m'zochita za anthu. Akagwira nsomba kwambiri, akuipitsa chilengedwe, potero amafafaniza tchire, lomwe likuwopsezedwa kuti litha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Animal Otter
Si chinsinsi kuti chiwerengero cha oster chatsika moopsa, anthu awo tsopano ali pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale nyama izi zimakhala pafupifupi konsekonse kupatula imodzi yaku Australia, kulikonse komwe otter amakhala otetezeka ndipo adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Amadziwika kuti mitundu ya ku Japan ya nyama zodabwitsazi idazimiririka pamaso pa Dziko Lapansi mu 2012. Cholinga chachikulu cha mkhalidwe wokhumudwitsawu wa anthu ndi munthu. Kusaka kwake ndi ntchito zake zachuma zidayika ngozi pachiwopsezo cha adaniwa. Zikopa zawo zamtengo wapatali zimakopa osaka omwe adatsogolera kuti ziwonongeke zochuluka za nyama. Makamaka nthawi yozizira, ozembetsa amafusidwa.
Zochitika zachilengedwe zoipa zimakhudzanso ma otters. Ngati matupi amadzi atayipitsidwa, zimatanthawuza kuti nsombayo imazimiririka, ndipo osterayo alibe chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizifa. Osintha ambiri amagwera mu maukonde asodzi ndikufa, atapinda. Posachedwa, asodzi anawononga mwankhanza chifukwa choti amadya nsomba. M'mayiko ambiri, zosokoneza wamba sizipezeka konse, ngakhale m'mbuyomu zinali zofala. Izi zikuphatikizapo Belgium, Netherlands ndi Switzerland.
Chitetezo cha Otter
Chithunzi: Otter m'nyengo yozizira
Mitundu yonse ya ma otter ilipo mu Buku Lofiyira Lapadziko lonse. M'malo ena, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka pang'ono (kunyanja), koma zambiri zimakhalabe zovutirapo. Kusaka, kumene, sikuchitidwa monga kale, koma maiwe angapo pomwe oster ankakhalamo ndioyipitsidwa kwambiri.
Kutchuka kwa otter, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake akunja okongola ndi mawonekedwe ake okondweretsedwa, zimapangitsa anthu ambiri kuganiza mozama zaopseza komwe anthu amabweretsa nyama yosangalatsayi. Mwina patapita nthawi, zinthu zisintha, ndipo chiwerengero cha oster chikuyamba kukula mosadukiza.
Otter samangotifunsa zabwino ndi chidwi, komanso imakwaniritsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri yotsuka matupi amadzi, kuchita ngati mwachilengedwe, monga Choyamba, amadya nsomba zodwala komanso zofooka.