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Dzinalo: EUROPEAN Mink - Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761)

Gulu: Zotsogola.

Banja: Cunyi.

Mkhalidwe Wosungira: Gulu limodzi. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic ofashkortostan ndi Tatarstan, dera la Kirov.

Kufotokozera kwapafupi: Masikulidwewo ndi otalika, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 43cm komanso kulemera mpaka 800 g, mchira wocheperako pang'ono kuposa theka la kutalika kwa thupi. Pakati pa zala, makamaka phazi, nembanemba yosambira imapangidwa bwino. Mtundu wautoto ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi duwa lofiirira, wowoneka pang'ono kumbali yakutali komanso wamdima m'mphepete ndi mchira. Pamilomo yakumtunda ndi kutsikira, pachibwano ndipo nthawi zina pa chifuwa pamakhala mawanga oyera, nthawi zambiri amakhala malo akulu pamizere, pomwe pali mink waku America.

Kufalitsa: M'mbuyomu zinali zofala ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Western Siberia. Pakadali pano, mitundu yachilengedwe ya mitunduyo imakhala ndi zidutswa zapadera ku Spain, France, Romania, Ukraine ndi Russia.

Zachilengedwe: Amakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi. Zimakhala m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono oyenda m'nkhalangozi, omwe amatsata madera omwe ali ndi magombe komanso m'misewu yopanda kuzizira nthawi yozizira. Amakhala moyo wongokhala.

Zomwe zilipo: Mpaka pakati pa zaka zapitazi, ma mink aku Europe amakhala malo onse okhala ku Udmurtia. Malinga ndi kugula kwa republican, mu 1960s, pafupifupi 1.000 ziwalo zoperekedwa m'manja, koma m'zaka zotsatira gawo la mitunduyi limakhala likugwa nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi kafukufuku komanso zambiri zomwe zidachitika, kumapeto kwa zaka zana lomaliza, mink yaku Europe ikhoza kupitilizabe kumadera ena a republic. Zaka zaposachedwa, chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza misonkhano ya nyama kudera la Udmurtia kulibe.

Zowonjezera: Kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwa malo abwino okhala, kusamutsidwa ndi America mink.

Njira zachitetezo: Kugwira ntchito yowunikira m'malo omwe mwina mitundu ya nyama ilipo.

Zambiri: 1.ofiyira. 2004, 2. Red. 2006, 3. Malamulo. 2011, 4. Aristov, Baryshnikov, 2001, 5. Skumatov, 2005, 6. Bobrov et al., 2008, 7. Aulagnier et. al., 2011, 8. Kindowsv, 1969, 9. Rare. 1988, 10. Ukraintseva, Kapitonov, 1997.

Kufotokozera

Chikhalidwe cha ku Europe ndi nyama yaying'ono. Amuna nthawi zina amakula mpaka 40 cm ndi kulemera kwa 750 g, ndipo zazikazi ndizocheperanso - kulemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu ndi kutalika kopitilira 25. Thupi limakhala lokwera, miyendo imakhala yochepa. Mchira wake siofiyira 10-15 masentimita.

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Phokoso laling'ono ndi laling'ono, lotiwongola pang'ono, lokhala ndi makutu ozungulira, pafupifupi kubisidwa mu ubweya wakuda komanso ndi maso owala. Zala za mink zimakhudzidwa ndi nembanemba, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo.

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Ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani, wowonda, wosakhala wautali, wokhala ndi undercoat yabwino yomwe imakhalabe yowuma ngakhale atatenga njira zazitali zamadzi. Utoto wake ndi wolimba, kuyambira kuwala kupita kwa bulauni, kawirikawiri wakuda. Pali kachidutswa koyera pachinsisi ndi pachifuwa.

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Zachilengedwe ndi malo okhala

M'mbuyomu, ma mink aku Europe ankakhala ku Europe konse, kuyambira ku Finland kupita ku Spain. Komabe, tsopano amatha kupezeka m'malo ochepa okha ku Spain, France, Romania, Ukraine ndi Russia. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala ku Russia. Apa, chiwerengero chawo ndi anthu 20,000 - magawo awiri mwa atatu padziko lonse lapansi.

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Mtunduwu uli ndi zofunikira ndizokhazikika pamidzi, yomwe ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Ndi zolengedwa zopanda madzi okhala m'madzi ndi pamtunda, chifukwa chake zimayenera kukhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Ndizodziwika kuti nyama zimangokhala pafupi ndi nyanja yamchere, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi madambo. Milandu yowoneka ngati ma European mink m'mphepete mwa gombayo sanalembedwe.

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Kuphatikiza apo, Mustela lutreola amafunika masamba obiriwira m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakonza nyumba zawo pokumba mdzenje kapena kudzaza mitengo, ndikuwotha ndi udzu ndi masamba m'njira zamalonda, potero amapangitsa kuti iwo ndi ana awo azitonthoza.

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Zizolowezi

Mink ndi zilonda zolusa usiku, nthawi yabwino kwambiri madzulo. Koma nthawi zina amasaka usiku. Kusaka kumachitika modabwitsa - nyamayo imawulondola nyama kuchokera pagombe, komwe imakhala nthawi yayitali.

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Ma mbewa ndimasambira abwino kwambiri, zala zokhala ndi nembanemba zimawathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mawamba awo ngati ntchentche. Ngati ndi kotheka, amathira pansi pamadzi bwino, pakagwa tsoka amatha kusambira pansi pamadzi mpaka 20 metres. Akapumira kwakanthawi, amatha kupitiriza kusambira.

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Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mink ndi carnivores, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadya nyama. Makoswe, kalulu, nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira, njoka, achule ndi mafoni am'madzi ndi gawo la zakudya zawo. European mink amadziwika kuti amadya masamba ena ake. Zotsalira za zikopa zimasungidwa kale.

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Amadyetsa anthu wamba onse okhala m'malo ozungulira. Zakudya zoyambirira ndizo: makoswe, mbewa, nsomba, amphibians, achule, nsomba zazinkhanira, kachilomboka ndi mphutsi.

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Midzi yapafupi, nkhuku, agogo ndi zoweta zina zazing'ono nthawi zina zimasakidwa. Nthawi za njala, amatha kudya zinyalala.

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Amakonda kudya nyama yatsopano: ku ukapolo, chifukwa chosowa nyama yabwino, amakhala ndi njala masiku angapo asanayambe nyama yodetsedwa.

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Phokoso lisanazizidwe, amayesa kupanga chakudya m'nyumba zawo kuchokera kumadzi abwino, nsomba, makoswe, ndipo nthawi zina mbalame. Mu malo osungira osaya, achule osasunthika amasungidwa.

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Kuswana

Ma mink aku Europe ndi osakwatiwa. Samasokonekera m'magulu, amakhala mosiyana wina ndi mnzake. Kusiyana ndi nthawi yakukhwima, pamene amuna achangu ayamba kuthamangitsa ndikulimbana ndi akazi okonzekera kukhwima. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo kumapeto kwa Epulo - kuyambira Meyi, patatha masiku 40 ali ndi pakati, ana ambiri amabadwa. Nthawi zambiri pamwana m'modzi kuyambira ana awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Amayi awo amawasungira mkaka kwa miyezi inayi, ndiye kuti amasinthana ndi zakudya zamafuta. Mayi amachoka miyezi pafupifupi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amatha kutha msinkhu.