Oimira a genus Bufo (banja Bufonidae) amagawidwa konsekonse pafupifupi m'ma kontrakitala onse kupatula Antarctica. Mwa iwo pali ma kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri masentimita ochepa okha ndi masekeli 2-3 ndi zimphona zenizeni zolemera 2 kilogalamu kapena kupitilira. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakunja ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe, maula ambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo amasavuta kutengera.

Mitundu ya Bufo imaphatikizapo mitundu ya mitengo, koma pakati pa malo ootchera, mitundu ya padziko lapansi yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka. Malo akulu kwambiri ndiofunika kuti nyama izi zisungidwe, ngakhale chala chachikulu, monga aha, chimatha kukhutitsidwa ndi 40-lita imodzi. Chipinda chotseka bwino ndi aquarium yokhazikika ya 200-litre, yotsekedwa pamwamba ndi chivundikiro cha mauna kuti mpweya wabwino. Imatha kukhala ndi nyama zokwanira 8-10 kapena zokulirapo.

Nthawi zambiri zala zazing'ono zimayikidwa pansi ndipo ndikofunikira kusankha mawonekedwe ake molondola. Ndiwodalirika kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanizika, peat, sphagnum wosweka ndi mlimi (dongo lokulitsa, makala, ndi zina) poyerekeza 3: 1: 1: 1. Dothi lotere silimawononga khungu la nyama ndipo silimawola kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomera zina zokongoletsa zingabzalidwe mmenemo. Mukakonza malo opangira malo obisalamo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo angapo pobisalira, kuti chikhomo chachikulu chizikumba mozungulira chilichonse chosavulaza kuposa bulldozer.

Mukamadya bwino chakudya chambiri, ming'aluyo imakhala mwamtendere. Mwanjira iyi, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe okongola a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, matalala, makungwa a mitengo, nkhalango zamtchire. Kuchokera pazomera ndibwino kusankha omwe ali ndi masamba okwanira ndi masamba, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma philodendrons, monsters ndi ficuses.

Zala zamtundu sizikukula mikhalidwe yakumangidwa: kutentha kumatha kuchoka pa 12 mpaka 28 o C, chinyezi - kuchokera 40 mpaka 95 peresenti. Zowunikira sizilinso ndi gawo lalikulu: ngakhale kuti mikanda imakhala ndi njira yamadzulo, imazolowera kuyatsa. Inde, dothi limayenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.

Kudyetsa achikulire akuluakulu ndi chinthu chophweka, amadya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chamoyo chazikulu zazikulu - kuyambira zamagazi kupita kwa mbewa zazing'ono. Zing'ono zazing'ono ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya. Ayenera kudyetsedwa mosiyanasiyana momwe angathere, ndi mavutidwe owonjezera a mavitamini ndi mchere wokonzekera (mavitamini B 1, B 6, B 12, calcium glycerophosphate, phytin), apo ayi mwayi wakutukuka kwama ricores sakusiyidwa. Osamapereka tizilombo tokhala ndi zopindika zolimba zomwe zimatha kuwononga matumbo a amphibians.

M'malo ogwiritsira ntchito mafani athu pali mitundu ingapo ya zovala za mtundu wa Bufo, omwe amakhala ku Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana, mdera la USSR yakale.

Green toad (B. viridis) ndi nyama yotalikirapo (mpaka 12 cm), yofalikira ku mbali ya ku Europe ya dzikolo. Mwa zida zanyumba - "chololera kwambiri" chilala, chimakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'chipululu, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi madzi ena ambiri.

Chovala cha imvi (B. bufo) ndi nyama yayitali mpaka 20 cm. Imakonda kupezeka m'malo ochitira masewera. Zofanana kwambiri ndi zala za Far East (B. gargarizans). Pali nthawi zina pamene mivi imvi imakhala muukapolo mpaka 20 ngakhale mpaka 28.

Chingwe cha bango (B.astrita) ndichochepa (mpaka 8 cm). Ndizosangalatsa chifukwa cha kayendedwe kake: ngakhale ndi kuwopa, sikumadumpha pang'ono, kumakonda kuthamanga mothamanga kwambiri, kuthana ndi miyendo yake mwachangu. Mitundu yachilendoyi imafunikira chitetezo ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book m'maiko angapo.

Chikhazikitso cha ku Mongolia (B. raddey) ndichoperetsetsa kuposa bango. Kunja, zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya pakhungu losalala, "chule" ndi kupukutira lakuthwa. Mu terarium, ndizofunikira pamakhalidwe osungidwa kuposa zala zina: sizimalola kutentha kwambiri (kuposa 25 o C), dothi losalala, roughage.

Danatina toad (B. danatensis) akunja, ndipo pankhani ya moyo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mkanda wobiriwira.

Mitundu yotentha sikhala yochepa kwambiri m'misika yamaphunziro.

Mala-a Malawi-toad (B. melanostictus) ndi nyama yayikulu kukula, kutalika kwa masentimita 10. M'mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe ake amafanana ndi chovala cha imvi, koma mosiyana ndi icho, chimakhala ndi utoto wosiyana kwambiri ndipo sichikhala ndi nthawi yozizira yozizira.

Toad aga (B. marinus) ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri, anthu ena amatalika masentimita 23-24 ndi kulemera kopitilira 2 kg.

Amakhulupirira kuti mkalambowu ndi aha - chovala choyipa kwambiri, ngakhale izi titha kutsutsa. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti ichi ndi mitundu ya ku Australia, koma kwenikweni komwe kunabadwira aga ndi America. Anabweretsa ku Australia kuti azilamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu terrarium ndikosavuta kusungira aga. Nthawi zina amakhala m'chipinda momwe amaloledwa kudumphira pansi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyika m'malo ena obisika, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa bedi thireyi ndi madzi kapena chonyowa sphagnum.

Panther toad (B. frequis) ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yaku Africa yomwe imapezeka m'misika. Tsoka ilo, zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kubala mawaya onsewa ndizovuta kwambiri. M'dziko lathu, owerengeka ochepa okha opeza ana ndi omwe amadziwika, ndipo ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kupanga (kukonkha, kupukusa kwakwanira, jakisoni wa mahomoni). Ngati zazingwe zaphokoso, mutha kudutsamo ndi chosungira chochepa kwambiri komanso popanda icho konse, ndiye mukamatuluka, malo osungirako ndi kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.

Mukasunga zala, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi a nyama zapoizoni zomwe zimadya, ndipo khungu lawo limakhala lodana ndi khungu, zimayambitsa mkwiyo, komanso kuchuluka kwa poyizoni osiyanasiyana. Pomaliza, ndikufuna kukukumbutsani Zoyala zamtundu uliwonse ndizinyama zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zimawononga tizilombo tambiri toopsa.

Aga -adad (Bufo marinus)

Aga-toad (Bufo marinus), mitu yonse yeniyeni ndi ya banja Bufonudae, ankakhala kuderali kuchokera kumadera akumwera kwa North America kupita ku Patagonia, koma chifukwa cha luso lake lachilendo polimbana ndi tizilombo zoipa, lidatumizidwa kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Imakhala yotalika pafupifupi 20 cm, yofiirira, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi madontho amdima kapena opepuka. Chikhalachi ndichachikulu, ndipo malo owonjezera amafunikira kuti asakhale okwezeka, chifukwa sanapangidwe kuti adumphe komanso kukwera. Pansi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chisakanizo chachikulu cha peat ndipo chizikhala chonyowa nthawi zonse. Mu chisakanizo chofewa chotere, zovala zamanja zimakonda kukumba. Malo ochitira masewerowa amayenera kukhala ndi dziwe laling'ono, nthambi zokhala ndi miyala, miyala kapena zidutswa zazikulu za mitengo yomwe imakhala malo osungirako zala. Ponena za mbewu, ili ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa mahule ndi nyama zamphamvu kwambiri zokumbira. Chifukwa chake, pochitira terarium, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kokha mbewu zamphamvu zomwe zili zosavuta kusintha. Aga-toads amakonda penumbra ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, madzi ndi nthaka pa 25 ° C, omwe amatha kusungidwa mothandizidwa ndi radiation point. Kuti malo ogwiritsira ntchito nyumbayo asawonekere mwamtendere, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyikapo nyali ya fluorescent, yomwe imazimitsidwa usiku. Masana, zovala zimabisala m'malo awo okhala, popeza zimangosewera dzuwa likangolowa. Pofika madzulo, amakhala ndi moyo ndikuyamba kufunafuna chakudya. Tizilombo tambiri, mphutsi, ngakhale mbewa zomwe zayamba kusambulidwa ziwathandiza. Ngati chikhodzodzo mu terarium chimakhala chokhazikika komanso chokwanira, ndiye kuti chitha kudya kuchokera m'manja mwa womuteteza. Mutatha kulumikizana ndi wodi yanu, muyenera kusamba m'manja kuti muchotse poizoni, yomwe imamasulidwa makamaka kuchokera ku ndulu ya makutu.

Chithunzi: Toad - Bufo blombergi

Zofunikira za Terrarium

Malo okwanira 55 litre ndi oyenera kusunga mikanda yaku America. M'malo oterewa mumakhala anthu achikulire angapo. Payenera kukhala chivundikiro champhamvu, chifukwa zovekera zimadumphira bwino.

Izi zimalowa moyo wachisangalalo, ndipo zimagona masana, zikubisala munsi mwa malo okhala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo laling'onoting'ono liyenera kukhala lomwe pang'onoyi ikhoza kukumba mosavuta. CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut ndichabwino. Simungagwiritse ntchito gawo lapansi lokhala ndi vermiculite komanso kusefukira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zamasamba kapena sphagnum. Ngati zala zanu zimasungidwa kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta - matawulo a pepala lonyowa. Mchenga ndi miyala ya miyala silingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chikhalacho chimatha kumeza.

Zofunikira pakukonza mituyi ndizokwera.

Zikhazikiko zimapangidwa kuchokera ku khungwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matako obala, mapoto amaluwa, mitengo yotsekemera ndi zina zotero.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi kusungidwa mu terarium

Masana, mikwingwirima imachitika mu zinyalala zamasamba, pomwe kutentha kochepa kumakhalabe. Mu terarium, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kwa madigiri 16 mpaka 21. Usiku, kutentha kumatsitsidwa ndi madigiri angapo.

Mikanda yaku America yochokera kum'mwera kwa malembawo imasungidwa pa kutentha pang'ono madigiri angapo.

A Amphibians amakhala kuchipinda chinyezi wamba. Ngati pali chidebe chamadzi mu terariamu momwe chikhalalachi chikhoza kumizidwa, chimagwirizana bwino ndi kusiyana kwa chinyezi. Nthawi zingapo madzi gawo la gawo lapansi kapena kutsanulira terarium.

Pambuyo pobwerera kuchokera ku terarium kupita ku ufulu, chikhalalachi chikufalitsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa kuzinthu zoyandikana nazo.

Zovala zachi America zimafunikira madzi. Dziwe siliyenera kupitilira kutalika kwa chinsalu. Madzi mu dziwe amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri, maluwawa amalowa m'madzi usiku. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi, zowongolera mpweya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa chlorine, kapena madzi a botolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kudyetsa Ziphuphu zaku America

Izi zovala sizikufuna pachakudya. Amadya pafupifupi ma invertebrates omwe amakhala m'milomo yawo: ma crickets, mphutsi za ufa, mphutsi za sera za njenjete, nyongolotsi zam'madzi ndi mphutsi zaobobas.

Zakudya zambiri zimayenera kukhala ma crickets, zakudya zotsalazo sizipatsidwanso kamodzi pa sabata.

Monga zifaniziro zina, mtunduwu umadyanso tizilombo komanso ma invertebrates ena.

Mitundu ya akulu imapatsidwa tizilombo 6 ta chakudya pakapita masiku atatu alionse. Mikanda yaying'ono yotalika masentimita awiri ndi theka imadyetsedwa tsiku lililonse ndi Drosophila ndi ma crickets ang'ono.

Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, zomwe zimawonjezedwa ku chakudya chilichonse cha 2-4. Mavitamini amaperekedwa kwa nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.