Lynx lynx
Gulu: Zotsogola - Carnivora
Banja: Chingwe - Felidae
Jenda: Lynx - Lynx
Komwe kumakhala:
Ku Russia, lynx imapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira, zokhala ndi mitengo yochulukirapo kuyambira kumalire akumadzulo mpaka Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin, komwe yalowa posachedwapa. Lynx imapezekanso ku Carpathians, Caucasus ndi Central Asia. Kulikonse ndizochepa.
Zizolowezi:
Lynx imapezeka ku Russia, Scandinavia, Finland, madera ena a Poland ndi Czech Republic, komanso ku Spain.
Kukula kwake:
Kutalika kwa amuna amuna ndi masentimita 76 mpaka 60 ndipo kutalika kwa akazi kumakhala kotalika (3-6) sentimita. Mchira - kuchokera 10 mpaka 20 sentimita. Kulemera kwa nyama zazikulu ndi 16-20, kawirikawiri - mpaka 30 kg.
Mawonekedwe:
Lynx chilombo chachiyero chokhala ndi thupi lalifupi, lalitali miyendo yake, mutu wozungulira komanso wamfupi, ngati kuti mchira wa "kutsim". Makutu ndi ang'ono, owongoka, okhala ndi korona wazitali, "akasinja" amawoneka pamasaya. Miyendo yake ndi yokumbikika, nthawi yomweyo imakhala yocheperako komanso yoluka yayitali komanso zikhadabo zakuthwa.
Ubweya wofewa, wautali komanso wandiweyani wa lynxes m'malo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana: ashen-buluu, utsi wofiyira, wonyezimira, wofiirira. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ubweyawo umakhala ndi mawanga amdima, akulu kumbuyo ndi m'mbali, yaying'ono pachifuwa ndi miyendo. Pamimba, tsitsi limakhala lalitali komanso lofewa, koma osati lakuda komanso pafupifupi loyera ndi loyera. Ubweya wa chilimwe wa chilimwe ndi coarser, wamfupi, wamtundu wowala kuposa nyengo yozizira. Matumba a nkhumba amakhala bwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Palibe mphaka wina yemwe amasinthidwa ndi chipale chofewa komanso ozizira ngati lynx.
Zochita ndi moyo
Lynx ndi yonyansa kwambiri: sikuti imangokwera mitengo ndi miyala mwangwiro, komanso kuthamanga mwachangu, imadumphira pamtunda wa mamita 3.5-4, imasintha, imasambira bwino.
Lynx imatsogolera njira yokhazikika, koma nthawi yozizira kwambiri yomwe ili ndi chipale chofewa, ikangokhala osati kuzizira, komanso njala kwambiri, imayamba maulendo ataliatali ndipo nthawi zambiri imakwera mu steppe ndi tundra. Komanso, mpaka 30 km amatha kudutsa patsiku.
Akakumana, anyamatawo amachita moni wina ndi mzake - nkumasompsompsona m'mphuno mwawo, nkumayimilira ndikuyamba kugundana pamphumi pawo mpaka phokoso lanyimbo ikamveka ikamvekedwa. Kukonda kwachikondi kwa lynxes kukuwonetsedwa pakuphatikizana kwaubweya.
Chakudya:
Phalaphala ndi “nyama yokhazikika” ndipo imadya chilichonse chomwe chimayenda ndipo chitha kudya. Zomwe zimasaka lynx ndi mimbulu, nswala zapakhosi, nswala za musk, chamois, maulendo, mbalame zosiyanasiyana (makamaka za hazel grouse ndi grouse wakuda), makoswe, komanso agalu ang'ono, nkhumba zamtchire, ndi mphalapala. Pofunafuna chisanu chambiri komanso kutumphuka, nyamayi imagonjetsera nyama zazikulu. Nthawi zina, mumagwira agologolo, martens, ma sabas, zipilala, agalu a raccoon. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti maziko a zakudya za lynx ndi masheya komanso-kakulidwe wamba.
Malamulo a lynx omwe ali ndi chingwe chake chopapatiza samasinthidwa kwa nthawi yayitali; njira zosaka kwambiri ndizoyang'ana yemwe akuzunzidwayo m'njira zoyenda, m'malo osungirako malo (malo othirira, malo omwera mchere, zitolilo). Pazifukwa zomwezo, aliyense mwa omwe amadyera, kuphatikizapo agalu, amapeza mosavuta lynx, chipulumutso chokha chomwe ndi kukwera mumtengo mwachangu. Ndiye chifukwa chake nthawi yopanda chipale, lynx imakonda kupuma m'mitengoyi.
Mimbulu imathamangitsa mwamphamvu lynxes, lynxes kulibe komwe kuli mimbulu yambiri. Mimbulu ndiyo mpikisano waukulu wa chakudya. Pochita mpikisano wamitundu iyi, lynx imataya zonse mu kuswana komanso m'njira yoti ikwaniritse kusintha kwachilengedwe. Malinga ndi ofufuza, lynx imathamangitsanso nkhandwe mwadala.
Ntchito:
Mpikisano wothamanga ku lynx umayamba kumapeto kwa February ndipo umatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimatsatidwa ndi amuna angapo, kumalimbana nthawi zonse. Pokhala nyama zopanda phokoso nthawi zambiri, zimadonthetsa nthawi ya kubzala kwa purr mokweza kwambiri komanso modukiza, komanso mosangalala kwambiri zimafuula kwambiri. Zachikazi zimamveketsa mawu osafunikira, amuna amang'ung'udza mopepuka. Malo obisalamo mizimu ya makolo ndi akale, koma osungika bwino, pansi pamizu ya mtengo kapena pathanthwe, pomwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtengo. Mimba imatenga masiku 63-70.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, ana awiri amaonekera mu lynx, nthawi zambiri - amodzi kapena anayi. Ndiwosathandiza, akhungu komanso ogontha, ndipo amangolemera kotala kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kilogalamu. Maso a ana amatseguka atatha masiku 16- 17. Akabereka mwezi umodzi, amayamba kudya nyama, komabe, amadya mkaka wa amayi wina miyezi inayi.
Kusaka kwachigololo kumadzuka ali mwana. Ma Cuba, omwe ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 40, akuyesera kale kuyenda pa "nyama" ndikuwukira. Kuyamba kutuluka mu dzenje ndi mayi, ana amapeza moyo wovuta kuthengo. Akuluakulu amawabweretsera mbewa zokhala ndi moyo, ma buluku, mavu, amaphunzitsa modekha momwe angazipezere, kukhudza ndikudzitchinjiriza ana mwa zovuta zonse.
Wamphongo amathandiza mayi kudyetsa ndi kulera ana. Ng'ombe zimamera msanga, kale mu Okutobala ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi makolo awo, ndipo anyani amayamba kusaka m'mabanja. M'nyengo yozizira ana onse amakhala limodzi, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwambo watsopano. Pazaka chimodzi, kukula kwachinyamata kumapeto kwa moyo wodziimira pawokha.
Akazi amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi 21, abambo ali ndi miyezi 33.
Utali wamoyo:
Pali nthawi zina pamene lynxes adakhala mu ukapolo zaka zoposa 20. Mwachilengedwe, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chochepa: zaka 10-15.
Habitat:
Zowopsa m'malingaliro:
Ngakhale izi zikuchulukirachulukira, ndiwosakhalitsa mitundu yokhala ndi anthu ochepa.
Mitundu ya lynx yafupika, ndipo chiwerengerocho chimachepa ndikuwonongedwa kwa malo ndi kufunafuna mwachindunji kwa chilombo. Idawonongedwa ngati nyama yodulira nyama, "wankhondo" wamasewera komanso ngati nyama yofunikira yonyamula ubweya.
Njira zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa lynx ziyenera kuzindikirika: kusungidwa bwino kwa ma biotopu ndi zinthu za forage (musk deer, dee dee and hare), kuchepa kwa mimbulu, makamaka kulimbana ndi poaching of musk deer ndi malupu komwe lynx imagweranso.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Lynxes ndi nyama zakale. Kusintha kwawo kwachitika zaka zoposa 4 miliyoni. Common Lynx, ilinso Europe. wochokera mbadwa wamba wa mtundu wa lynx - Issoire Lynx (Issoire Lynx). Ichi ndi nyama yambiri yam'madzi. Maonekedwe a mphaka uyu ndiwachilendo - thupi limakhala lalifupi, ndipo miyendo yamphamvu ndiyitali.
Lynx ndi wa gulu laling'ono la Felinae, zomwe zikutanthauza Amphaka Aang'ono. Chofunikira chawo ndicho kuumitsa fupa la hyoid, lomwe limalepheretsa nyama kuti ikule mokweza. Koma mphaka umatha kupanga phokoso losaoneka bwino lomwe limawoneka ngati kubangula kwa chimbalangondo. Khwangwala amatha kuuluka ndipo ameta, monga mphaka aliyense.
Kanema: Lynx
Lynxes ndi okongola modabwitsa. Ndiwodzaza ndi ubweya kotero kuti umatuluka pakati pa zala zawo. M'nyengo yozizira, miyendo yawo imakhala yosalala, izi zimathandiza mphaka kuyenda popanda zovuta kudzera mu chipale chofewa komanso osadutsamo. Zolocha zazifupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Zimapezeka pazala 4. Ndipo pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo pali asanu aiwo, koma awiri amachepa. Zala zam'manja, monga amphaka onse.
Ali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa kwambiri, zokhotakhota, motero nyama izi zimakwera mitengo ndi miyala bwino kwambiri. Amayenda masitepe kapena mphaka, nthawi zina amapanga kulumpha kwa 3-4 m, koma osakwanira. Amatha kuthamanga mpaka 65 km / h, komabe, kwa kanthawi kochepa. Pazonse, amphaka awa amateteza mtunda wabwino. Komanso amasambira kwambiri.
Mchira wa wamkulu lynx ukhoza kukhala 10 mpaka 30 cm, womwe amphaka amauwona kutalika kosatheka. Tsitsi la mchira limakhala losamveka, nthawi zambiri limakhala lakuda, komanso palinso mtundu woyera. Kulemera kwa lynx wamba kuli pafupifupi 20 kg. Nthawi zina, anthu olemera mpaka 25 kg amapezeka. Amuna, monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, ndiakulu kuposa akazi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Animal Lynx
Mutu wa amphaka awa ali ndi mawonekedwe angapo. M'mphepete mwake pali omwe amatchedwa ndevu - madera okwera a ubweya. Chizindikiro china ndi ngayaye wotchuka pamakutu. Nthochi imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri, mphuno yayikulu. Pamilomo yapamwamba pali mizere ingapo ya vibrissae, okhazikika komanso yayitali.
Mphuno imakhala yifupi. Maso ake ndi akulu, owoneka ngati mchenga, wokhala ndi ana ozungulira. Ubweya wake ndi wabwino kwambiri - zofewa, wandiweyani komanso wokwera kwambiri. M'mimba, chovalachi chimakhala chachitali komanso choyera, chokhala ndi timawu tating'ono. Mtundu wa lynx umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku fawn-smoky mpaka red. Zonse zimatengera malo omwe akukhalako - chakum'mwera komwe kuli, kofiira kwambiri ndi mtundu wa lynx.
Kuwaza malo kungafotokozeredwe zochulukirapo kapena zochepa. Monga lamulo, mawanga kumbuyo, mbali ndi mutu wa mphaka amayang'ana. Pamimba, kachidutswa sikowoneka, pomwe chovalacho chimakhala choyera nthawi zonse. Kusoka kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Chovala chachilimwe cha Lynx ndichopepuka komanso chamdima kuposa nthawi yachisanu. Mitengo yamitundu ingodziwika bwino kwambiri. Zala m'makutu nthawi zonse zimakhala zakuda bii, kutalika kwake ndi 4 cm.
Phirilo limakhala ndi makutu abwino kumva, komanso omaliza koma osayenera. Popita kusaka, mphaka umatha kumva ngakhale mawu akuthamanga kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kumva phokoso la bomba lomwe limabowekera ndi nthambi zopitilira 100. Masomphenya ake amakonzedwanso, lynx imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu komanso kukula kwake! Koma kununkhira kwa mphaka kumakhala kofooka, koma ngati msambowo ndi watsopano, ungayang'anire mosavuta zomwe umagwira.
Kodi lynx amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lynx Cat
Lynx amakhala m'nkhalango zowonongedwa, momwe amapezeka nyama zambiri. M'nkhalango zowerengeka kapena m'nkhalango zowirira, zimachitika kawirikawiri. Mphakayu amapezekanso m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango za cactus. Pamalo otseguka, lynx sidzakhazikika. Mwambiri, amayesetsa kukhala m'magawo omwe amakhala momwe angathere.
Lynx wamba amakhala ku kumpoto kwa Dziko Lapansi. Malo ake amakhala kufupi ndi konse Scandinavia, Europe, kummawa ndi kumpoto kwa Russia, kenako mpaka ku Central Asia.
Mayiko kumene lynx wamba amapezeka:
- Dera la Balkan: Serbia, Macedonia, Albania,
- Germany,
- Carpathians: kuchokera ku Czech Republic kupita ku Romania,
- Poland,
- Belarus,
- Ukraine,
- Russia,
- Scandinavia: Norway, Finland, Sweden,
- France,
- Switzerland ,,
- Transcaucasia: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia,
- Central Asia: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan,
- Baltic inati.
Pakati pa banja lonse la mphaka lynx, lynx wamba ndi nyama yovuta kwambiri kuzizira. Imapezeka ngakhale kupyola Arctic Circle, ku Scandinavia. Kamodzi nyamayi ikhoza kuwoneka mu gawo lirilonse la Europe. Koma pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, inali itafafanizidwa kwathunthu ku Central ndi Western Europe.
Lero, akuyesera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa amphaka awa, ndipo mwachipambano. Komabe, kulikonse ndi kochepa. Ku Russia, 90% ya lynxes amakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Siberia, ngakhale amapezeka kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo a dzikolo kupita ku Sakhalin.
A Cote akuti: mbiri yopeza mtundu wa Lynx ndi mitundu yomwe ilipo
Trot ndi mtundu uliwonse mwa mitundu inayi yodziwika ya amphaka amtchire awa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma caracals (chipululu cha lynx) ndi mphaka wa bango (nkhalango lynx) nthawi zina amatchedwanso, zomwe sizowona konse kuchokera pakuwona kwa misonkho, popeza awa oimira banja la feline sakhala m'gulu Lynx. Werengani za amphaka onse patsamba la Port Cat.
Zilipo masiku ano, malinga ndi gulu la asayansi, pali mitundu inayi ya ma Lynxes:
- Iberian kapena Pyrenean,
- European kapena wamba.
Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ndi yofiira komanso ya ku Canada Lynx, ndipo yayikulu kwambiri ndi mitundu ya ku Europe yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana mkati mwake.
Mitundu inayi yamoyo ya mtundu wa Lynx akuganiziridwa kuti ndi wochokera ku Issoire lynx, kholo lomwe limakhala ku Europe ndi Africa munthawi ya Late Pliocene ndi Early Pleistocene.
Chinyama cha Pliocene feline Felis rexroadensis wochokera ku North America adavomerezedwa ndi asayansi ngati kholo loyambirira, komabe, panthawiyi sadziwika kuti ndi Lynx weniweni.
Magawo a Eurasian kapena Common Lynx
Felis lynx ndi dzina lasayansi lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1758 ndi Carl Linnaeus pantchito yake Systema Naturae. M'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20, ofufuza ndi asayansi osiyanasiyana adapereka malingaliro pamalingaliro otsatirawa a Euroasian Lynx:
- European lynx kapena kumpoto (kumpoto chakumadzulo) L. l. lynx, wobweretsa dziko lapansi ndi a Naturalna Linnaeus mu 1758, subspecies iyi imakhala ku Finnoscandinavia, mayiko a Baltic, Poland, Belarus, European, kummawa, kumadzulo, kumpoto, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, Urals, Western Siberia chakummaawa mpaka kumtsinje wa Yenisei.
- Turkestan Lynx L. l. isabellinus, ofotokozedwa ndi wolemba zanyama ku England Edward Blit mu 1847. Chilombochi ndi mbadwa za Central Asia (mapiri a Turkestan, kum'mawa kwa Afghanistan, kumpoto Pakistan, India, Himalayas ndi Tibet).
- Caucasian Lynx L. l. dinniki, kukhalapo komwe adauza katswiri wazowona za nyama ku Russia, katswiri wa dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku Tsarist Russia, Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin mu 1915. Mphaka wamtchire ndi Caucasus wa Russia, Armenia, Georgia, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Azzeran, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran, ndi Turkey.
- East Siberian Lynx L. l. Mafuta Kulongosola kwa ma subspecies awa, amoyo, monga dzinali limatanthawuzira, ku Siberia yaku Eastern, lidaperekedwa mu 1928 ndi wasayansi waku Russia, katswiri wazamanyama ndi Sergei Ivanovich Ognev. Komanso subspecies iyi amatchedwa Yakutsky, chifukwa amakhala pamutuwu wa Russian Federation.
- Carpathian Lynx L. l. carpathicus, wofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi asayansi Kratochvil ndi Stallmann mu 1963. Mphaka uyu amakhala ku Carpathians komanso ku Central Europe.
Magawo omwe m'mabuku ena sanatchulidwepo:
- Balkan Lynx L. l. balcanicus kapena martinoi, wofotokozedwa m'mabuku a wolemba zachipembedzo wa ku Bulgaria Ivan Buresh mu 1941. Mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane a ma subspecies anaperekedwa ndi Miric mu 1978, nawapatsa dzina loti martinoi, lomwe likuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Malo okhala chilombochi ndi a Balkan (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, kumwera kwa Serbia). Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ndi chochepera 50.
- Altai lynx L. l. Wadii, wodziwika ndi wolemba zachilengedwe Wachingelezi Richard Lidecker mu 1904, nyamayo amakhala kumapiri a Altai. Pafupifupi anthu 200.
- Baikal lynx L. l. kozlovi, woyimiriridwa ndi Russian wachilengedwe wachuma Fetisov mu 1950. Chimakhala kum'mwera kwa Siberia, kuyambira Yenisei kumadzulo mpaka Selenga ku Transbaikalia, ndipo mwina amakhala kumadera oyandikana ndi Mongolia, koma izi sizikudziwika.
- Amur lynx L. l. stroganovi, wolemba mbiri ya Heptner, 1969. Amakhala m'malo a Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk, kum'mawa kwa Amur Region, Sakhalin, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China (Manchuria).
- Sardinian Lynx L. l. sardiniae, wofotokozedwa ndi wasayansi a Mola mu 1908, mtunduwu unkakhala ku Sardinia ndipo masiku ano wafika kwathunthu.
Mr. Cat akutsimikizira: kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, dera
Eroasian kapena Common Lynx (Lynx Lynx) ndi mphaka wautali wamtchire, wochokera ku Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia ndi Siberia, kuchokera ku mapiri a Tibetan ndi ku Himalayas.
Nyamayi imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zodzutsa mpaka ma 5500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kambiri, yaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zochepa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red kuyambira 2008.
Lynx mwanjira ina ali pachiwopsezo cha kutaya malo okhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, kupha anthu komanso kuwononga chakudya. Malinga ndi akatswiri, lero lili ndi anthu opitilira 30,000, koma chiwerengerochi chimawoneka kuti ndi chokhazikika. Komabe, monga momwe mwaphunzirira pakufotokozera kwamasamba, kuchuluka kwa ena ndi kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ku Balkan Peninsula, anthu ochepa okha ndi omwe adatsalira, mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, France, Switzerland Rysya adakhazikitsidwanso, popeza adawonongedwa m'maiko awa m'ma 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Mwa mitundu inayi ya Lynx, mitundu ya Eurasian (Lynx lynx) ndiye wamkulu koposa. Miyeso ya munthu wamkulu ndi: kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 80 mpaka 130 cm ndi mchira, kutalika kwa 60-75 masentimita kufota. Kutalika kwa mchira kumayambira 11 mpaka 24,5 cm.Amuna nthawi zambiri amalemera kuyambira 18 mpaka 30 kg, ndipo zazikazi kuchokera ku 8 mpaka 21 kg.
Chilombocho chili ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yayitali, yokhala ndi miyendo yayikulu komanso yamaubweya, yomwe imatha kukhala mtundu wamtondo. Alinso ndi mchira wamfupi wa "notilo" wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda kwathunthu, nsapato zazitali zazitali m'makutu mwake - ma tepi ndi burashi wautoto loyera.
Mtundu wa nyama yolusa, kutalika kwa ubweya ndi kukula kwa miyendo imasiyana malinga ndi nyengo yomwe ili. Kumwera chakumadzulo nyama zimakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lamtundu wamtundu, ndipo mawalo awo ndi ochepa ndipo sakhala ofewa. Nyengo ikamayamba kuzizira komanso kulowa kumpoto, Lynx imakhala ndi ubweya wonenepa, wowoneka bwino, ndipo matambalala amakula ndikuwonjezeka kuti agwirizane ndi chipale chofewa. Miyendo yawo imakhala yayikulupo kuposa mkono kapena mwendo wa munthu.
M'chilimwe, European Lynx ili ndi chovala chofiyira kapena chofiirira, chomwe, monga lamulo, chimakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino mu nyama zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera kwa malo ogawikirako. M'nyengo yozizira, amasinthidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira kwambiri, womwe umayambira ku siliva mpaka imvi. Gawo lakumunsi la nyamayo, kuphatikiza khosi ndi chibwano, ndizoyera nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Chovala chimakhala nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi malo akuda, ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo ndi mawonekedwe ake ndizosiyana kwambiri. Nyama zina zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamphumi ndi kumbuyo. Ngakhale mamembala nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo mwa nyama zam'mwera.
Maonekedwe a ku Europe ndi ubweya wonenepa amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi ena okhala ndi ubweya.
Nyama iyi imachokera ku nkhalango zaku Europe, Central Asia ndi Siberian. Ngakhale malo otetezedwa adayesedwa ngati "oopsa pang'ono", anthu adachepetsedwa kapena kuwonongedwa pofika zaka zana zapitazo ku Europe, komwe nyamazo zimapangidwanso.
Ku Central Asia, Lynx wa ku Europe amakhala kumadera aku China a Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan ndi Shaanxi, komanso kumapiri akumpoto kwa Iran, ku Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan ndi Afghanistan.
Ku Indonesia, chilombochi chimapezeka ku Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh ndi mayiko ena ambiri a Himalayan.
Ku Nepal ndi Pakistan, kuchuluka kwa nyama kumapezeka kwambiri kumadera ambiri kumpoto kwa dzikolo.
Ku Turkey, mpaka chaka cha 2014, kuchuluka kwa anthu obisalamo akuyerekezedwa m'dera limodzi lotetezedwa, la Tsiglikara Nature Reserve, lomwe lili kumapiri a Taurus, komwe anthu 15 adadziwika, kuyambira mpaka 1990 kusaka kwa Lynx kunali kosalamulirika pano. Tsopano kuwonongedwa kwa nyama izi nkoletsedwa ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukukula.
Ngakhale kuti kulibe Eurynan Lynx yemwe adapezeka ku Japan, zotsalira za mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Late Pleistocene zidapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana achisumbu.
Eurasian Lynx nthawi ina inali ponseponse ku Europe. Pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, inali itafafanizidwa kwathunthu m'maiko ambiri apakati ndi kumadzulo. Kuyesayesa kopambana kukuchitidwa tsopano kukonzanso kuchuluka kwa zilombo m'nkhalango.
Dera la Yurox ya ku Yuropu m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku Europe ndi zigawo masiku ano ndi motere:
- Ku Carpathians, anthu pafupifupi 3,000 okhala masiku ano m'mapiri ku Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ndi Hungary. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha Lynx ku Eurasia kumadzulo kwa malire a Russia.
- Ku Romania, makope opitilira 2,000, komabe akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zimawerengeka. Kusaka kocheperako kumaloledwa, koma mkhalidwe wa nyama ndi wokhazikika.
- Pachilumba cha Balkan, masamba a Lynx a dzina lomweli amapezeka ku Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Kosovo, Northern Macedonia, Bulgaria komanso, Greece. Zoyenda nazo zimapezeka kumadera akutali a mapiri a Balkan, ndipo ndizochuluka kwambiri kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Northern Macedonia, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Albania. Komabe, monga tanena, chiwerengerocho sichidutsa 50.
- Ku Bulgaria, nyamayo adalengezedwa kuti idasowa mu 1985, koma kupenyerera kudapitilira m'ma 1990. Mu 2006, mawu ojambulidwa adapangidwa kuchokera ku mapiri a Strandja kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Ndiye kuti, ndizotheka kuti anthu panthawiyi adayamba kuchira.
- Ku UK, mtunduwu umaganizika kuti udatha zaka 10,000 zapitazo zitasinthana ndi madzi oundana. Kuphatikiza apo, lero kuli chidwi cha anthu kuti akhazikitsenso Common Lynx mdziko muno kuti abwezeretsenso chilengedwe chomwe chikuwongolera anthu osagwiritsa ntchito nyama zomwe sizikutsalira pano.
- Kafukufuku wokhudza kuthekera kwachilengedwe chakukonzanso kwa mphamvu ya ku Europe ya Lasix ku Scotland akuwonetsa kuti pali chakudya komanso malo abwino kwambiri othandizira kuchuluka kwa nyama zopitilira 400.
- Pafupifupi anthu 130-200 amakhala ku Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. Dera la Eurasian Lynx linali kuonedwa kuti litha ntchito m'maiko amenewa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Komabe, ntchito yopanga zokonzanso bwino idachitika mu 1973 pomwe okwatirana atatu okhwima omwe adagonana nawo adatulutsidwa mu Horn ya Kochevsky.
- Pali anthu chikwi ku Estonia.
- Ku Finoscandinavia, mphakayo anali atatsala pang'ono kutha m'ma 1930 ndi 1950s, koma chiwerengero chinawonjezekanso chifukwa chachitetezo cha boma. Ndipo tsopano pafupifupi anthu 5,000,000 amakhala ku Finland, 500 ku Norway, 1.5,000 ku Sweden.
- Mzinda wa Eurasian Lynx udawonongedwa kwathunthu ku French Alps koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwanso Lynx ku France ndi Switzerland mu 1970s, olusa adalembedwanso kuno.
- Mphaka wamtchire adazimiririka ku Germany mu 1850 ndipo adasinthidwanso kukhala nkhalango ya Bavaria ndi Harz mchaka cha 1990. Madera ena munkakhala anthu a Lynx, omwe anasamukira ku France ndi Czech Republic. Mu 2002, kubadwa koyambirira kwa anyani amtchire kudalengezedwa mdzikomo mutatha kuthana ndi anthu awiri ku Harz National Park. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kulinso ku Saxony Switzerland, nkhalango ya Palatinate ndi Fichtelgebirge.
- Palibe magulu ambiri a nyama masiku ano omwe adapulumuka kapena adabwezeretseka ku Latvia, Lithuania, Belgium, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Italy ndi Ukraine.
Makhalidwe
Lynx ndiye wolamulira wamkulu wachitatu ku Europe pambuyo pa chimbalangondo chofiirira ndi nkhandwe yaimvi. Ichi ndi nyama yoopsa, kudya kilogalamu imodzi kapena ziwiri za nyama tsiku lililonse.
Mphaka wamtchire ku Eurasian amatha kutulutsa mawu ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala mwakachetechete kunja kwa nthawi yoweta. Amatha kudula, kusilira, kulilira ndi purr ndipo, ngati amphaka am'makomo, "kucheza" ndi nyama, yomwe sichingatheke. Kulira komwe kumatanthauza kumamveka kwambiri, komwe kumakhala phokoso lalikulu la amuna komanso akazi okongola kwambiri.
Ma Lynxes wamba amakhala achinsinsi, ndipo chifukwa mawu omwe amapanga amakhala opanda phokoso kwambiri komanso osamveka kawirikawiri, kupezeka kwawo kumalo omwe amakhala kungakhale kosadziwika kwa zaka zambiri. Zotsalira za nyama kapena matalala a chipale chofewa nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa kale nyama isanawoneke.
Nyamayi imakhala mdera lamapiri, lomwe limadzipezera malo okhala ndi mipata yambiri komanso mwayi wobisala ikamafunafuna. Kutengera ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo, imatha kukhala nkhalango yopanda mitengo, malo okhala ndi mitengo. M'malo akomwe kuli mapiri ambiri, mphaka wamtchire amatsikira kumapiri nyengo yachisanu, kutsatira nyama yake ndiku kupewa njoka zakuya kwambiri.
Izi, monga lamulo, sizimakhala zambiri komwe mimbulu imakhala mochuluka, yomwe imagwirana ndi ngakhale kuwasaka. Munkhalango za ku Russia, ndi mpikisano wofunikira kwambiri komanso adani a Eurasian Lynx, koma okhawo omwe alibe nthawi yobisala mumitengo ndi omwe amatha kugwira magulu.
Kuchulukana kwa Lynx kumachepa ngati mimbulu ikuwoneka m'deralo ndipo imayamba kupeza zochuluka komwe nkhosazo zimagwira.
Wolverines mwina ndiamwano kwambiri amphaka amtunduwu, omwe nthawi zambiri amalanda nyama za Lynx, ndipo otizinga athu amawopa oyamba, koma nthawi zina amatha kulimbana nawo, kuteteza ana agalu. Pali zochitika za nkhandwe zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi akuluakulu, koma mosiyana ndi nkhandwe, izi ndizosowa kwambiri.
Kafukufuku wina ku Sweden anapeza kuti mwa anthu 33 omwe anafa ndi Lynx mwa anthu owonerera, nyama imodzi mwina inaphedwa ndi wolverine. Nkhani inanso yodziwika bwino yokhudza kuphedwa chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa munthu wamkulu Lynx idawoneka m'chigawo cha Mtsinje wa Pechora. Pankhaniyi, palibe mlandu umodzi womwe umadziwika pamene mphaka wamtchire uyu amasakira wolverine.
Nthawi zina, akambuku a ku Siberia amathandiziranso Lynx, monga momwe zimawonekera ndi zomwe zili m'mimba mwa zilombo zolusa.
Chifukwa chake, a Lynxes amapikisana pa chakudya chamagulu ndi nyama zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, komanso nkhandwe yofiira, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga chagolide, nguluwe zakutchire, komanso kum'mwera kwa mtundu wake, komanso kambuku wa chipale chofewa komanso nyalugwe.
Mabulu achi brown, ngakhale sanakhalepo, monga momwe amadziwika, olimbana nawo chakudya ndi adani amphaka wa ku Europe, koma m'malo ena pakhoza kukhala kulimbana kosiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi.
Ngakhale a Lynxes wamba amatha kusaka masana pamene nyama ili yaying'ono, nyama zapaderadera nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku kapena nthawi yamadzulo zomwe zimagona tsiku lonse zikugona m'maenje kapena m'malo ena okhala. Wachikulire amakhala nthawi yokhala payekha.
Malo osakira chilombochi amatha kuyambira 20 mpaka 450 mita. km., kutengera kupezeka kwa ntchito m'deralo.
Amuna, monga lamulo, amasaka madera akuluakulu kuposa akazi omwe amakhala mwa iwo okha, osadzaza, malo osaka amuna.
Mtundu wa Eurasian Lynx umatha kuyenda mpaka makilomita 20 usiku umodzi, ngakhale zili zachilendo kuti uzitha kuthana ndi theka mtundawu patsiku.
Zirombo zimakonda kuyendayenda m'malire awo osaka malo, kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo zonunkhira kuti zikupezeka pamaso pa anthu ena. Monga amphaka ena, ma tag amatha kupanga ndowe, mkodzo kapena zikwangwani, zomwe zakale zimangokhala m'malo otchuka pamzere wa gawo lawo.
Chakudya
Monga amphaka onse, Lynx ndi nyama yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zazinyama zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono komanso mbalame.
Mwa mitundu yodziwika ya nyama zamtunduwu ndi ma hure, akalulu, marmog, agologolo, dormouse, wolverines ndi makoswe ena, mwachitsanzo (martens, ma sables, mzati), mbalame za grouse (capercaillie, grouse wakuda, hazel grouse), nkhandwe, boar kuthengo, chamois, achichepere elk, agwape agwape, agwape wamba komanso akumpoto, agwape oyenda pansi, agalidi ndi ena osapembedza. Ngakhale kuti kusaka nyama zokulirapo ndi ngozi kwa nyamayo, kukula kwa zomwe zimatsogolera nthawi zambiri kumapitilira zoopsa zake.
Chifukwa chake, European Lynx imakonda kudya nyama zazikulu zosakonda, makamaka nyengo yozizira, nyama zazing'ono zikakhala zochepa.
Mtundu wokhawo wa Lynx, momwe anthu osatulutsa amapanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya pokhudzana ndi lagomorphs (akalulu, hares) kapena makoswe.
Pomwe agwape amapezeka, ndiomwe amakonda amphaka. Kupanda kutero, agwape amakhala chakudya chomwe amakonda, ngakhale kuti nthawi yotentha nyama zambiri zimadyanso nyama zochepa ndipo nthawi zina nkhosa zoweta nthawi zonse.
M'malo ena ku Finland, chifukwa cha zakudya za Common Lynx ndi deware-wokhala-woyera, ku Poland ndi ku Austria ndi kofiyira, ku Switzerland ndizotheka kuti ndi chamois.
Amphaka amtchire amatha kudya zovunda ngati kuli kofunikira, ngati mitundu ina ya nyama ilibe, ngakhale amakonda nyama yatsopano kuchokera ku nyama.
Akuluakulu amafunika nyama yochokera ku 1.1 mpaka 2 kg patsiku, ndipo zimatha kutenga masiku angapo kuti chilombo chizitha kudya pafupifupi gawo la nyama yake yayikulu. Nyamayi imagwira nyama zodyera limodzi ndi akalulu kamodzi masiku awiri kapena atatu, ndipo kwa akazi ndi zinyalala izi ndizofala tsiku lililonse.
Pafupi ndi mtembo wa agwape kapena agwape, chinyama chimatha kukhala sabata yonse kukumba matalala omwe sanadye pansi, kapena kugona ndi udzu, ndipo izi ndizosokoneza kotero kuti malo obisikawa nthawi zambiri amapeza mapanga ndi zipilala.
Wosaka mwanjawa nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi wolverines, omwe saopa ngakhale kuthamangitsa nyama zomwe zimadyera kutali ndi mitembo yatsopano. Amathamangitsa Lynx kuchokera kumalo ake osakira ndi nkhandwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chachikulu chomwe chili kumpoto chimavutitsa zinthuzo, ndipo nyamayo imakakamizidwa kusinthana ndi okalamba.
Kusaka kwa Eurasian Lynx, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwona ndi kumva, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakwera miyala yayitali kapena mitengo yakugwa kuti awone zozungulira.
Pokhala nyama yolusa kwambiri, nyamayi zimatha kupha agulu akuluakulu omwe akulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 150.
Lynx nthawi zambiri imakhala yosaka payekha, ngakhale kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu nthawi zina amatha kusuntha pamodzi.
Mabwana akumpoto amakonda kusaka nkhalango zowirira, nthawi zina amayendayenda m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango. Kuphatikiza pa luso labwino kwambiri la katsabola, mphaka uyu ndi wosambira komanso usodzi wodabwitsa.
M'nyengo yozizira, samasokonezedwa ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, chifukwa mawonekedwe apadera a paws amalola kuti iye aziyenda mosavuta osagwa kutumphuka.
Mu nthawi yozizira, nyamayi imatha kulimbana ndi ziweto, kuphatikizapo amphaka ndi agalu, komanso sizinyoza raccoon ndi nkhandwe. Komabe, wolusa nthawi zonse amapha nkhandwe ndi marten, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe njala.
Mwamunayo samawopa chinyama ichi; palibenso milandu yotsatira ya Lynx ndikuwukira anthu.
Kutha msinkhu ndi kubereka
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa Europe ya Lynx ya ku Europe imatha kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo. Akazi, monga lamulo, amalowa estrus kamodzi kokha panthawiyi, kuyambira masiku anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, koma ngati zinyalala yoyamba itayika, nthawi yachiwiri ya estrus imakhala yofala.
Mosiyana ndi Canada Lynx yogwirizana kwambiri, mitundu ya ku Eurasian, mwachiwonekere, siyitha kuyang'anira kubereka kwake kutengera kupezeka kwa nyama. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa kudyetsa mitundu yayikulu ya omwe angathe kuzunzidwa kuposa mnzake, chilombo chimakhala ndi chidaliro chonse kuti chitha kudyetsa ana ake.
Wamphongo amasiya mkaziyo akangomaliza kumene.
Akazi oyembekezera amamanga mabowo m'malo obisika, omwe nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa ndi nthambi zazitali, mizu yamitengo, miseche, kapena pansi pa mizere. Lair imatha kuphimbidwa ndi nthenga, tsitsi lanthete ndi udzu wouma pansi kuti upatse ana ndi zinyalala zoyenera.
Amayi amtsogolo amadya nyama zamtunduwu nthawi imeneyi, kuyambira zoyera-zokhala ndi mbewa, zazing'onoting'ono zofiira komanso zodyera, agwape, nkhosazo, nyama zazing'ono, monga mavu, nsomba, nkhandwe, nkhosa, agologolo, mbewa, akambuku ndi mbalame zina ndi mbuzi. Amadyanso magawo, ma voles ndi hazel grouse.
Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 67 mpaka 74 ndipo zimabweretsa kubadwa kwa mwana mmodzi mpaka anayi. Makanda obadwa kumene ndi ochepa, kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 240 mpaka 430, ndi akhungu komanso osathandiza. Poyamba, anawo amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wopanda mtundu waimvi, womwe umakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi chimodzi.
Maso amatha kutsegula m'masiku khumi mpaka khumi ndi awiri. Ma Kittens amatha kudya chakudya cholimba kuyambira milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri, akangochoka pamakomo, koma osaleka kwathunthu kuchokera pachifuwa cha amayi kwa miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
Banja limasiyiratu burashi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu itabadwa, koma ana a Lynxes nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu (mpaka nyengo yokwatitsa).
The Eurasian Lynx imafika kukhwima m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndipo imatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Moyo kuthengo ndi wocheperako.
Lynx amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe sizivuta kuzimeza, ngakhale yayimuna kapena yachikazi itachotsedwa mumsampha.
Kuzolowera anthu, nyama yomwe imadya imakulolani kuti mudzikokere nokha komanso nthawi yomweyo kumatsuka mokweza, ngati chiweto wamba.
Munthu amalumikizananso ndi mphaka wophika mosavuta, chifukwa nyama izi sizikumana ndi anthu.
Komabe, si akatswiri onse omwe amavomereza izi.Chifukwa chake, katswiri wodziwika bwino wowerengera zanyama ku Russia Sergei Ognev amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale milandu ya Lynx imawombera anthu ndiyosowa, koma zimachitikabe. Ngakhalenso katswiri wazachilengedwe wa Altai Stennikov, yemwe adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane nkhani ya kuphedwa kwa mlenje pamsewu wamtchire Lynx, yemwe adasankha munthu mothandizidwa naye ngati nyama, samakana izi. Lingaliro la akatswiri akuwonetsa zachilengedwe ku Canada a Michael Stendale ndi a Stephen Deril likugwirizana chifukwa cha asayansi aku Russia.
Zowona zosavuta kuchita komanso maphunziro opambana a Lynx ndi akatswiri a masekondi amawona kuti ndiosangalatsa. Amavomereza kuti nyama nthawi zina zimatha kukhala pafupi ndi munthu kunyumba, koma amakonda kutulutsa mikango ndi akambuku m'bwalomo, ndikuwatsimikizira kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kutulutsa Lynx, chifukwa nyama izi sizimadziwika kwambiri komanso mwadala.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kulingalira mosamala musanasankhe kukhala ndi chiweto chodyeramo ufulu ndi ufulu m'nyumba. Osachepera, malo abata ayenera kukonzedwa, pomwe nyamayo ikhoza kuyikidwa pangozi ya anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamalira chiweto chotere ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa mwini nyamayo, popeza chilombo chimangodya nyama yaiwisi basi, osati chakudya chowuma chopangidwa ndi nyama.
A Lynxes amakhala m'malo osungira nyama ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia, m'malo osungirako nyama ndi m'malo osungira nyama. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa zinyalala zatsopano za kittens zidabadwa ku Moscow State Zoo.
Kodi ndingagule khitchini wamba ya Lynx
Mtundu wamtunduwu suli woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Msonkhano Woteteza Nyama Zakuthengo, kotero kupezeka kwake mwalamulo kudakali kotheka.
M'dziko lathu muli nazale zapadera komwe mungagule nyama pamtengo wa ma ruble 150,000. Ndikwabwino kusankha ana osakwanitsa miyezi itatu, osavuta kucheza.
Zosangalatsa
The Eurasian Lynx nthawi zonse imakopa chidwi cha munthu amene amachitira nyama yonyadayo ulemu ndi chidwi. Izi zikuwoneka ndi kufalikira kwa zithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira abusa, mwachitsanzo, m'manja mwa mizinda yaku Russia ya Ust-Kubinsk ndi Gomel.
Ku Russia kale, anthu olemekezeka ankawadyera ndi nyama ya lynx, ndipo amadyera patebulo la anyamata ndi akalonga monga chakudya chamtengo.
Amakhulupirira kuti ngati chilombo chimadula masamba m'makutu, ndiye kuti amasiya kumva.
Pakulemekeza kupenyeka kwa galu wamtchireyu, m'modzi wa nyenyezi zakuthambo mu 1690 adatchedwa. Wasayansi wina dzina lake Jan Govel ananena kuti kuli nyenyezi zocheperako ndipo maso okha ndi omwe amatha kudziwa ndi kuzizindikira.
A Scandinavians ankaona Lynx ngati nyama yoperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Freyja. M'mifanekiso yonse yakale, chilombocho chimamangidwa pagaleta lake.
Pali mphaka yemwe ali ndi ngayaye m'makutu komanso mu mbiri yakale yamakedzana. Chilombo chomwe chimawonetsedwa pamalaya akale amakono akuimira zithunzi.
Maine Coons, omwe kwa nthawi yayitali amatchedwa amphaka akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuchokera kwa akatswiri ena, adachokera ku Lynxes.
Dzinalo "lynx" linachokera ku Central English kudzera ku Latin kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek lachokera ku Indo-European mizu "leuk" ("kuwala, kunyezimira"), komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwala kwa maso a adani omwe akuwala.
Mayina akale a Britain Lynx akuphatikizira "Lugh" (Gaelic), "Llew" (Welshi) ndi "Lox" (Chingelezi chosatha).
Balkan lynx amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha dziko la Northern Macedonia, komanso Romania ndipo akuwonetsedwa kumbuyo kwa ma dinars 5 a ku Makedonia.
Dzinalo la fuko la Makedonia Linkestis latanthauzidwa kuti "Land of the Lynx."
Onani ndi mamuna
Lynx ankakhala m'dera lalikulupo kuposa momwe lilili. Kusaka ndi kudula mitengo kwa mitengo kudadzetsa kuchepetsa kwakukulu pamlingo wake. Lynx wakhala nthawi yayitali ngati njira yosakira, chifukwa ubweya wa nyama iyi unkawonedwa kwambiri pamsika wa ubweya. M'madera ena, nyama ya lynx imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri. Lero ndi a lynx. Ku Europe, lynx inali ponseponse, ndiye pafupifupi inatha. Zaka 20 zapitazo, nyama yolusa imeneyi idakhazikika m'malo omwe amakhala, kugwira madera ena, ndikumasulidwa madera ochepa. Kudera la Russia, nyamayi imakhala yochulukirachulukira, ndipo m'malo ena komwe lynx imakonda, zitha kuvulaza mafamu osaka omwe akukhala ndi kubereka, agwape, kapena ma phukusi. Nthawi zambiri, monga zilombo zina, lynx imachita gawo lofunika kwambiri kuthengo.
Mphaka sachita mantha ndi malo oyandikana ndi anthu, komwe sakutsatiridwa, amatha kuwoneka kunja kwa midzi komanso ngakhale mizinda.
Malamba ang'onoang'ono samasungidwa mosavuta, koma amathamanga ndi ukalamba, kotero sungasunge ng'ombe iyi kunyumba.
Kugawa ndi malo
Lynx ndiye mphaka "wakumpoto" kwambiri. Dera lomwe limagawidwa lynx wamba limakhudza nkhalango ndi mapiri a ku Europe, Siberia, Central komanso, gawo lina, Asia Minor. Ichi ndi nyama yamtchire, yomwe imakonda mtundu wovuta wakuda wa coniferous taiga, ngakhale imapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa nkhalango kumapiri, malire akum'mwera kwa malembawo pazaka zingapo zapitazi asunthira 200-100 km kumpoto.
Maonekedwe ndi morphology
Ma Lynxes ndi oyimilira apabanja la mphaka, mosiyana ndi ena onse. Pafupifupi amphaka onse, matupi awo ndi otambalala, miyendo yake imafupikitsidwa, koma lynx, m'malo mwake, ili ndi thupi lalifupi komanso miyendo yolimba. Tsitsi loonda pamiyendo yakuthwa ya shaggy limakula ngakhale pakati pa zala. Kutalika kwa thupi la lynx ndi 82-105 masentimita, mchira - 20-31 masentimita, kulemera kwa 8-10, kawirikawiri mpaka 20 kg. Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi. Mutu wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali m'mphepete mwa muzzle, ndikupanga "ndevu", pamphumi pamakutu - mawonekedwe maburashi. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, ngati kuti wadula kumapeto. Chovalacho ndichakuda kwambiri, chofewa, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Mtundu wa thupi lakumutu ndi mutu umayang'aniridwa ndi ma toni ofiira komanso a phulusa, pansi ndi loyera, mawanga ang'onoang'ono amwazika thupi lonse. Ubweya wa Chilimwe ndi wamfupi komanso wowuma kuposa nyengo yozizira, utoto kwambiri, wokhala ndi malo owonekera bwino. Mchira nthawi zonse umakhala ndi nsonga yakuda, ngayaye pamakutu imakhala yamdima. Kumpoto chakumpoto, utoto umakhala wofanana kwambiri komanso wosakhwima, okhala ndi ma lynxes omwe amakhala kumwera, kumbali yake, utoto wake umakhala wowala, wowoneka bwino.
Mwa ziwalo zomvekera bwino kwambiri, kupenya ndi kumva kumapangidwa bwino. Lynx imatha kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi mtundu wawo wowala. Nyamayi imamva kalulu akuterera tchire kwa mita 100. Mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi yopanda mphamvu, koma ikafunafuna yatsopano imatha kugwira nyama.
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Lynx ndi nyama yachilengedwe. Kusamuka kwakutali sikodabwitsa kwa iye: komwe kuli nyama zambiri, chilombochi chimakhala chokhazikika. Madera ambiri olumikizana ku Europe ndi kuyambira ha 15 mpaka 25,000; mwa amuna ena amakhala ndi mahekitala 30 ndi oposa. Magawo azimayi ndi ocheperanso komanso omwe amadutsa ndi magawo a amuna. Pakusowa kwa chakudya, anyani amachoka m'nyumba zawo, kuyamba kuyendayenda ndipo mwina amatha kuwoneka kutali kuthengo. Nthawi zambiri, kusamukira kwa zilombo zotere kumachitika nthawi ya kupsinjika, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale lynx zakudya.
Mderalo, nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimakonda, malo opumirako ndi kosaka, komwe imakonda kuwoneka. Olumikizidwa ndi machitidwe osinthika ogwiritsidwa ntchito, malo awa, komanso malire a malowa, amalembedwa mkodzo, ndipo mitengo ikuluikulu imakulira mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo nayo.
Malo okhala a Lynx ali m'malo obisika kwambiri: madera akutali a nkhalango ndi kamphepo kayaziyoka, mabwalo akulu akulu pakati pa madambo. Lair imakhazikika pansi pamizu yamitengo yakugwa, nthawi zina mumalo ochepa, kumapeto kwa miyala. Kwa makola osakhalitsa, wotsogola amasankha malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino: mtengo wopendekera, mwala waukulu.
Panthawi yosinthika, chilombo chimayenda masentimita 40-50 kutalika, chikuthamanga mosavuta. Kutalika kwa chipale chofunda mpaka 50cm sikusokoneza mayendedwe a lynx, pomwe chipale chambiri chikugwa, wolusa amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira za nyama zina, njira zakale, misewu, ndi ayezi pamitsinje. Mwana wowuma pamayendedwe achisanu amapita mwachangu kumbuyo kwa amayi, ngati kuti akuponda kanjira panjira.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa
Monga amphaka onse, lynx ndi nyama yotchuka. Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi ndizinyama zazing'onoting'ono: nyama zazing'ono zazing'alu (agwape, agwape osokoneza bongo, goral, agwape ndi ana awo), mavu ndi grouse (capercaillie, grouse wakuda, hazel grouse). Nthawi zambiri lynx imagwira makoswe ndi mbalame. Mphaka iyi isanagwe, mlenje wocheperako, amakonda nyama ya nyama zomwe zaphedwa yekha.
Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, lynx samadumphira pamtengo, ngakhale imakwera mitengo mokongola. Chilombochi chimakonda kulowa mmalo modekha, mosamala kwambiri, kenako chikuwombera ndi kudumphadumpha kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri, iye amayang'ana moleza mtima njira yomwe angayigwire.
Lynx amadya pang'ono - mphamvu zake za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka ya nyama yokhala ndi mafupa. Nthawi zambiri, chinyama chachikulu chimagwira ndi kudya kalulu tsiku lililonse la 2-4; ana oterewa amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira tsiku limodzi lokha. Pafupi ndi agwape ophedwa, lynx imakhala pafupifupi sabata, ndipo pafupi ndi agwape - motalikirapo. Nyamayi imakumba zotsalira zomwe sizinawonongeke ndi chipale chofewa kapena nthaka ndi udzu, koma sichimasirira kotero kuti "maliro" ake amakokedwa mwachangu ndi ang'ono omwe amadyera - magawo, mizati. Kwa trot, ngati wopeza bwino kwambiri, wolumala amayenda ndipo nthawi zina amamuthamangitsa kuti asamasewere nawo. Lynx imakonda kuthamangitsa nkhandwe, osazilola kusaka pamalo awo.
Kulera ndi kulera ana
Nthawi yokhazikika pama lynxes imagwera pa February - Marichi. Amuna angapo amatha kutsata wamkazi mu estrus, pakati pawo kumamenyedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pamalo pomwe ma kittens amayenera kuwoneka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthenga za mbalame, tsitsi losavomerezeka, ndipo udzu wouma umawonjezeredwa kwa izi. Mimba imatenga masiku 63-70. Makanda obadwa kumene (nthawi zambiri 2-3) amawonekera kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni, kutengera kutalika kwa malowa. Kulemera kwa kittens pobadwa ndi magalamu 250-300, ndi akhungu, mabowo olimba amamangidwa ndi khungu. Zovuta zonse zokhudza mbewuyo zimagwera pachikazi, yamphongo sizitenga nawo mbali polera ana. Amayi amapaka nthiti pansi, imasunga chisa choyera, ndipo imasiyanitsa nyama zazikuluzikulu ndi chisacho. Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya lynx amadya pafupifupi mkaka. Pofika m'badwo uwu, amaliza mapangidwe a mano amkaka, ndipo amayamba kunyinyirika chifukwa cha nyama yomwe mayi amabweretsa, koma kudyetsa mkaka kumapitilira kwa miyezi ingapo. Akakwanitsa miyezi itatu, ana amphaka amachoka pakhomopo ndikutsatira amayi awo kulikonse.
Mtundu wamba wamtundu wa ana, kuwonekera kumangowonetsedwa pakatikati. Utoto wa "wamkulu" umayamba pofika miyezi isanu ndi inayi, "akasinja" ndi ma nthochi m'makutu zimakula kokha chaka chimodzi ndi theka champhongo. Banja limapitirira mpaka chotsatira chotsatira, ndipo amphaka amapitilira kukhala mgulu limodzi ndipo atakula, okonzekera mating, muwathamangitse. Ngati wamkazi sabereka ana chaka chino, ana onse m'mbuyomu amakhala naye miyezi ingapo. Lynxes amakula pang'onopang'ono zaka 1.5-2.
Utali wamoyo
Pali nthawi zina pamene ma lynxes adakhala zaka zoposa 20, mwachilengedwe, zaka zomwe amakhala ndi moyo zimakhala zochepa: zaka 10-15.
Lynxes akhala akusungidwa ku Zoo ya Moscow kuyambira pomwe idayamba. Kukongola kwa miyendo italiitali kumeneku kumakopa chidwi cha alendo, akuyenda m'nyumba zawo, zomwe zili pa Old Territory mu mzere wa Mphaka pafupi ndi Giraffe Pavilion. Zowona, kuwona lynx sichinthu chovuta ngati momwe zimawonekera. Amphaka athu ali pa promenade, ndipo tsopano anyani angapo amakhala kumalo osungira nyama, amapita kumadzulo, kumbandakucha. Nyamazo zimakonda kukhala theka loyamba la tsiku m'misasa - niches - ndi pamakhonde aliwonse mnyumba mwake. Pamenepo, atawungika pabedi la bedi, amagona mwamtendere, ndipo nthawi zina amatsegula maso awo ndikuyang'ana mosasamala nyumbayo. Zomwe zimawasangalatsa? angaganize kuti alendo alephera. Ngakhale kwa osunga, omwe amatsuka ndikubweretsa chakudya tsiku lililonse, ma lynxes athu ndiabwino kuposa ozizira. Adzazindikira, koma sathamangira ndi mawu achikondi. Ndi chisangalalo chochuluka, amphaka amawonera mpheta zazing'onoting'ono zikulowetsa khola m'chiyembekezo chofuna kupanga phindu. Alendo okhala ndi ngozi ali pangozi, chifukwa mphaka wamkulu uyu mosangalala ndipo amawasaka mosasamala. Kuti ziweto zathu zisasungidwe, nthawi ndi nthawi ogwira ntchito amaika zoseweretsa zosiyanasiyana mu aviary. Za amphaka akunyumba, akulu okha kukula. Komabe, akazi athu amasewera bwino ndi ... maungu wamba! Ndi chisangalalo chitha kuwayala ang'onoting'ono. Amphongo ndi amodzi mwa zosangalatsa zambiri zomwe amaziziritsa bwino. Nthawi ina kale, osunga adayamba kuphunzitsa ndi lynx yathu pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera. Kuchokera kunja, chimafanana ndi masewera - munthu, woyimirira pafupi ndi aviary, amapatsa tawuni yake chinthu chomwe chimayikidwa pachimtengo chachitali - chandamale (kuchokera pa chandamale cha Chingerezi - chandamale, chandama). M'malo mwathu, linali mpira wachizindikiro. Chilombocho chimayenera kukhudza mosavuta mpira ndi gawo linalake la thupi, pomwe adalimbikitsidwa. Kenako gawo lomwelo linaperekedwa kale mkati. Nyamayo inkayenera kubwereza zomwe inachita, kulowamo kuti izi. Cholinga cha maphunzirowa sichinali kuphunzitsa amphaka, koma kuwongolera zomwe amphaka azichita nawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kufotokozera nyama zomwe zikufunika kuchita.
Kodi lynx amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Lynx
Ngati m'derali muli chakudya chochuluka, anthu ambiri amakhala moyo wongokhala. Kupanda kutero, ayenera kuyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya.
Zomwe zakudya za lynx zimakonda kupangidwa ndi:
Lynx amasaka, mosiyana ndi malingaliro onse za izi, osalumphira pamtengo wogwidwa, koma kuyiyika pansi. Ambush ndiye njira yomwe amakonda kusaka. Amakondanso kuthawira kwa womenyedwayo pafupi kwambiri, kenako kum'thamangira ndi liwiro la mphezi, kuti alankhule kuti amubise. Lynx amatha kubisala kumbuyo kwa chitsa, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yakugwa, ndipo amamuukira, kupanga kulumpha kwakukulu, kutalika kwa 4 m.
Samathamangitsa nyama yake kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati atathamanga 60-80 m, mphaka umatha. Koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kugwira nyama yosungika. Ngati kuukira kukulephera, lynx wokwiya amapanganso kudumpha pambuyo pake ndikuima. Nthawi zina mdani amapha nyama zazing'ono zokhala ndi ubweya kuti angosangalala nazo.
Imagunda munthu wamkulu pamaso pa thupi, kugwiritsitsa pakhosi kapena pakhosi ndi zibwano, ndikubweretsa nyamayo. Chilombo chovulala chimatha kudumphira tokha pachokha kwakanthawi, mpaka chimatha kuthawa. Nthawi imodzi, lynx samadya nyama yambiri, imabisala chochuluka.
Chifukwa chake ngwazi zamphongo ndizokwanira munthu wamkulu kwa masiku anayi, wolumikizana kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndi kalulu kwa masiku awiri okha. Amphaka sadziwa kwenikweni kubisala nyama zawo, amasamba mwachangu ndi matalala ndi masamba. Chifukwa chake, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimachikoka chisanadze gwere lokha kuti ibwerere kukadya mabowo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Wild Lynx
Lynx ndiwosaka usiku. Amabisala masana, ndipo kunja kukacha amachoka pomwe abisala. Lynx nthawi zambiri amasankha zimbira zakunja, nkhandwe kapena mbendera ngati malo opumira. Ngati sichoncho, ngwazi iliyonse m'thanthwe, dzenje, nthambi yamtengo wamtali kapena chitsamba chosafikika ingachite. Nyani amayandikira pomwe anagona mosamalitsa, kuti asachoke mofufuza iliyonse, imadumphadumpha kuchokera kutali, kutsanzira kusakhalapo kwake mwa njirayi.
Nyama imapulumuka bwino pakati pa akhwangwala, ngati pali nyama yokwanira. Chifukwa cha chovala chake chowoneka bwino, lynx imatha kubisala mosavuta m'makona a mitengo nthawi yamadzulo kapena mbandakucha. Masewera olimbitsa dzuwa amalola kuti nyama zomwe zikhale ndi dzuwa zibise ubweya wake.
Lynx ndi nyama yochenjera, koma osawopa anthu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'nkhalango zachiwiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dzanja la munthu. M'zaka zakumwa, mphaka amabwera kumidzi ndi m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono.Nyama sizizunza anthu pokhapokhavulala kapena kuteteza ana. Ngakhale zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri, zimakhala ndi zibwano zamphamvu ndi nsagwada.
Lynx amadziwika kuti ndi wadyera woopsa, ngakhale kuti, ngati nkhandwe, amapindulitsa, kupha nyama zodwala komanso zofooka. Akatswiri a zaumoyo ku Russia akuti palibe milandu yodziwika yokhudza kumenyedwa kwa lynx pa anthu. Ndipo izi nzodabwitsa, chifukwa wamwamuna wamkulu amatha kuthyola mbusa wophunzitsidwa bwino, yemwe amalemera kawiri kuposa iye.
Malingana ndi deta yonse yakuthupi, lynx imatha kuukira munthu, koma sichoncho. M'malo mwake, panali zochitika zina pomwe lynx imaletsedwa mosavuta ndi munthu. Kupulumutsidwa ku msampha, amphaka adaluso kwambiri pakati pa anthu kotero kuti amayenda m manja awo ndikutsukidwa ndi kubangula kwa mota.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Lynx kitten
Khalidwe la Lynx limangokhala palokha. Komabe, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, nthawi yophunzitsira imayamba, ndipo anthu onse amayamba kufunafuna kampani. Nthawi zambiri amphaka opanda phokoso, ayambe kuchepera, akung'ung'udza ndi kufuula kwambiri. Nthawi ya estrus, amuna angapo amatha kupita kwa akazi nthawi imodzi. Zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mikangano pakati pawo.
Akaziwo akasankha wokwatirana, amayamba kuonetserana zisonyezo: akakumana, "amatenga" pamphumi pawo, ndikupukutira mphuno zawo. Koma chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri ndikumverera ndikunyambita tsitsi la mnzanu. Pakhomopo, pomwe lynx idzaonekere posachedwa, pansi pake pali bwino. Mwa izi, zazikazi zimagwiritsa ntchito nthenga za mbalame, tsitsi losavomerezeka ndi udzu wouma.
Mimba ndi yochepa - masiku 60-70 okha, kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi ana akuwoneka. Kawirikawiri ana amphaka 2-3 amabadwa, olemera 250-300 g. Ndi ogontha komanso akhungu. Zovuta zonse zokhudzana ndi mbewu ndi ntchito ya mayi. Amawonetsetsa kuti ndi ofunda, akutsuka zinyalala, kunyambita ndikudyetsa lynx, kuthamangitsa nyama zodyera pachisa.
Kwa miyezi iwiri, makanda amadya mkaka wa m'mawere, ndipo nthawi imeneyi amatha mano. Pambuyo pake, amatha kusenda nyama yomwe mayi amabweretsa, koma mkaka ukadali ndi gawo lofunikira m'zakudya zawo. Pakupita miyezi itatu, ana amachoka pachisa ndikupita kulikonse ndi mkazi.
Ma Kittens panthawiyi sakhala ngati mayi wawo. Ubweya wawo ndi wofiirira, wowerengeka. Ndipo burashi lawo ndi ndevu zake zimangowoneka chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Banjali silingafanane kufikira nyengo yotsatira yobala. Ndipo mkaziyo adzasiya malonjezo, koma amakhalabe limodzi kwakanthawi.
Ngati mimba sizichitika chaka chamawa, zazikazi zimatha kukhala ndi timphaka chaka chino chonse mpaka zitakula. Lynx amafika kutha msinkhu wazaka 1.5-2. Ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mphaka chonsecho ndi zaka pafupifupi 15. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 25.
Adani achilengedwe a lynx
Chithunzi: Lynx ku Russia
Kuphatikiza pa bambo yemwe adakhala zaka zambiri akuononga lynx, amakhalanso ndi adani achilengedwe.
Choyamba, awa ndi amphaka ena onse akuluakulu:
M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka mu zaka za njala, ngozi yayikulu kwa mphaka wopanda wokha ndi mimbulu. Amazungulira owazunza ndipo amawang'amba mwankhanza kuti agule. Ngati lynx ikumana ndi nkhandwe kumaso, iyo ili ndi mwayi uliwonse wogonjetsa, koma ilibe mphamvu yolimbana ndi gulu lonse.
Pomenya nkhondo, nyama ya lynx imatha kugonjetsedwa pomenya nkhondo ndi nyalugwe kapena nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa. Amatha kumenyana naye kuti agwire nyama yomwe yaphedwa kale ndi mphaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri lynx imathawa zinthu zotere. Pazifukwa zomwezi, Wolverines amamuwona ngati mdani wake. Nyamazo, ngakhale ndizing'onozing'ono, koma zimavutitsa kwambiri mphaka, zimatha kuthamangitsa zilombo zazikulupo kuzinthu zomwe zimadyera.
Koma anyani ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala olandidwa ndi mdani aliyense yemwe ndi wamkulu kuposa iwo. Osati nkhandwe, mimbulu ndi amphaka ena omwe akuyesera kulowa chisa cha banja, komanso zimbalangondo. Komabe, njirayi imasiyanso ana ake, imawateteza mwamphamvu kwa alendo osadziwika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Lynx kuthengo
Lynx ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali pogulitsa ubweya, ludzu la ubweya wake wamtengo wapatali limasangalalabe m'mitima ya osaka ndi osaka. Kwa zaka zambiri, zikopa za amphaka odziwika bwino amapita ku zipewa ndi zovala zaubweya. Inde, ndipo anthu sanakonde ma lynxes, ngakhale kuti samakonda kukhudza ziweto, komanso anthu omwe. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti awonongedwe kwathunthu.
M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, Lynx ndi mtundu wachilendo kwambiri. Ngakhale atetezedwe ndikuyesera kubwezeretsa liwiro latsikuli, ali pachiwopsezo chofuna kutha. Mtunduwu udalembedwa ku Moscow Red Book, adapatsidwa digiri yoyamba. Popeza pafupi ndi malire akumwera kwa dera la Moscow nyama iyi ili pafupi kutha.
Komabe, mwambiri, lynx ndizofala ku Russia. M'mayiko ena, zinthu sizili choncho. Pa Peninsula ya Balkan pali anthu ochepa okha. Ku Germany, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, nkhalango ya Bavaria ndi Harz idakhazikikidwanso ndi nyama izi.
Kuchulukitsitsa, kupatula Siberian, kuli Carpathians. Pali anthu pafupifupi 2200. Ku Belarus, lynxes 1,000 amakhala ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha ndi mapiri a Tatra. Pafupifupi nyama 2,500 zimapezeka ku Scandinavia Peninsula. Ku France, ma lynxes adachotsedwanso ndipo mu 1900 adabwezedwanso ku Pyrenees ndi Vosges. Switzerland idakhazikikanso ndi ma lynxes wamba mu 1915, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko adafalikira ku Austria ndi Slovenia.
Alonda a Lynx
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Lynx
Chiwerengero cha amphaka olusa sichidangokhala chifukwa chongotchukitsa, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake: kudula mitengo, kuwononga masewera.
Njira zotetezera anthu okhala ndi lynx ndi:
- Malangizo osakira nyama izi,
- Kusunga ma biotopu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira,
- Zokhudza kuteteza chuma chake:
- Kuchepetsa kwa Wolf Pack
- Kulimbana mwachangu ndi ma loops asodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi lynxes.
Chinyama chokongola chopindika m'miyendo lynx, imakopa chidwi komanso chidwi. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kale anali nyama yodziwika bwino pakati pa Asilavo. Mabuku ena amafotokoza za kufanana kwa mawu akuti "lynx" ndi "Russia". Ku Gomel, mphaka wa m'nkhalango akadali chizindikiro chachikulu cha mzindawu. Zowopsa komanso zachangu, koma osakhala ndi chisomo komanso chisomo, mphaka uyu ali ndi chidwi chachikulu cha sayansi. Kupulumutsa nyama yokongola chonchi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake ndi ntchito yoyamba ya munthu lero.