Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Nyamayi imakhala yotalikirapo, kukula kwambiri kuposa khwangwala. Kutalika kwa thupi 46-57 masentimita, kulemera kwa 530-160 g, mapiko a 100-130 masentimita. Mkazi ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa wamwamuna. Physique imakhala yowonda, mchira umawoneka wofupika, malekezero a mapiko opindidwa pafupifupi amafika kumapeto kwa mchira. Mapazi a kutalika kwapakati, "thalauza" yoluka bwino pamiyendo, mikono yopanda utoto. Mlomo wafupikitsidwa. Tambwali nthawi zambiri zimakhala.

Kufotokozera. Kapangidwe kake ka utoto ndi kosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa bulauni mpaka kuwala kofiirira, imvi ndi kufota. Kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa maudongo aatali, opingasa, komanso opindika pakhungu komanso zomangika pamapiko ndi mchira zimasiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zachikulire zimatha kuwunikira m'chifuwa chotsika, zomwe zimalekanitsa malo amdima amitundu yambiri ya goiter ndi m'mimba. Khosi lingakhale lopepuka.

M'dziko lathu, nsikidzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira, makamaka pamchira (subspecies) B. b. vulpinus), komabe, kumadzulo kwa chigawo, ma buzzards amatha kupezeka popanda matulani ofiira komanso obera, omwe amapezeka ndi kukula kwakukulu (ma subspecies B. b. koma) Ku Caucasus, ma buzzards nawonso ndi akulu, koma amatchulidwa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a ocher mumapulogalamu, okhala ndi mchira wofiira wowoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri mutu wopepuka (malingana ndi izi Yunifolomu ya CaucasusB. b. menetriesi zofanana ndi Buzzard).

Khungubwe louluka limasiyana ndi magulu ena ofanana ndi mapiko okhala ndi mapiko pang'ono otukulidwa pamwamba pa thupi ndi mawanga amdima kumapingo ndi mzere wamdima kumbuyo kwawo. Mchira wa mbalame yomwe ikuuluka nthawi zambiri umakhala waukulu kuposa wa adani ena. Poyerekeza ndi Buzzard ndi Zimbalangondo Zazizira, buzzardyo ali ndi malo amdima kumapiko a mapiko, monga lamulo, sakutchulidwa kochepa, utoto sufanana, mapiko ndi ofupikirapo komanso ochulukirapo. Poyerekeza ndi kachilomboka, kachikumbu kofikira m'mapiko mwake kamafupikira, ndikutambasuka kwambiri, ndikolowera chakumbuyo komaso kamtunda kakang'ono kotchedwa carpal, malo owala kwambiri (nthawi zambiri okhala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono) opangidwa ndi nthenga za ntchentche, malekezero akuda nthenga zimalumikizana kukhala chimango chimodzi chapamwamba.

Khosi limakhala lalifupi, ndipo mutu ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa kachilomboka, mchirawo suzungulira komanso wamfupi, nthawi zambiri umakhala wowonda kapena wopepuka kuposa thupi, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza yosiyana kwambiri ndi pansi. Mzere wakuda kwambiri (limodzi ndi Buzzard) umayenda m'mphepete mwa mchira, koma mwina sungakhale. Achichepere ali opepuka komanso opinimbira, chingwe chautali pa mchira ndipo chingwe chakuda m'mphepete chakumapeto kwa mapiko chimakhala chosawoneka bwino, mawanga amdima omata m'mphepete mwa carpal amawonekera bwino. Pafupifupi, achinyamata amakhala ndi utoto kwambiri kuposa achikulire, motero alibe njira yosunthira kumunsi kwa thupi.

Voterani. Kutalika kwammphuno "zaaaa-aa"Yosindikizidwa ndikuuluka, ndi nkhawa"keu woo"- yoyera kapena yamphamvu kapena yopanda mawu"kheuuu". Dzinalo limachokera ku mawu oti "buzz."

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Chimakhala pafupifupi maiko onse a Eurasia kuchokera ku Azores ndi Canaries kupita ku Japan komanso kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku zipululu za Arabia, Iran, Central ndi Central Asia. Ku Russia, kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kupita ku Caucasus, Sakhalin ndi zilumba za Kuril. Ku Europe mbali ya dziko amagawidwa chimodzimodzi. Mitundu yakutsogolo kwa zilombo kum'mwera kwa nkhalango ndi nkhalango, pamalo osamukirako, imapezekanso m'malo otentha kwambiri.

M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe (subspecies B. b. koma) komanso ku Caucasus (subspecies B. b. menetriesi) anthu okhala ndi chishalo, chodziwika m'malo otentha a ku Russia Russia, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono B. b. vulpinus (yaying'ono, kapena steppe, buzzard) imawulukira nyengo yachisanu kukafika ku Africa ndi Asia kotentha, kwinaku nthawi yozizira imakhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri mu Black Sea, Caspian ndi Ciscaucasia.

Moyo. Amakonda malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi malo owonekera. Munkhalango, awa ndi agrolandscapes. Amamadyetsa timiyala tating'ono; pakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma voles ndi makoswe ena ngati mbewa, imatha kudya achule, anapiye, ngakhale mphutsi ndi maula. Samasaka m'nkhalangomo, nthawi zambiri amayang'ana nyama pamalo otseguka ndikuuluka kuchoka pamtunda wa 30-50 m. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za telegraph ndi mitengo yotseguka kuti awononge ovutikawo ndi kupumula. Imawulukira kumsewu wapakati kuyambira nthawi yachisanu mu chisanu chomaliza.

Tizilombo tambiri m'nkhalango zamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mbali mwa phokoso, pafupi ndi malo otseguka. Pamalo opondapo, zisa zimakhala pamiyala yopanda matalala, mikanda yamnkhalango, komanso nkhalango zowirira. Awiriawiri amakhala ndi magawo okhazikika; ena amakhala m'malo atsopano chaka chilichonse. Amamanga zisa pamitengo 2 mpaka 20 kuchokera pansi, nthawi zina amakhala ndi anthu osawadziwa, kuwapanga. M'litali mwake chisa chake ndi 0,3-1.2 m, kutalika kwa nyumbayo kuli mpaka 1 m, udzu umapezeka kupendekera, nthambi zobiriwira nthawi zina zimasinthidwa m'mphepete mwa thireyi. Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mazira 2-5 okhala ndi chipolopolo chodetsedwa choyera, yokutidwa ndi bulauni komanso malo ofiira. Kugwedeza kumatenga masiku 28 mpaka 38, yamphongo imanyamula chakudya kupita kwa wamkazi yemwe amakaswa, nthawi zina imaloŵa m'malo mwachidule.

Pa chisa, mbalame zachikulire sizimakhala zankhanza, koma mofuula mokweza mdani. Chovala choyambirira cha anapiye ndi bulauni, chachiwiri ndi chofiirira komanso malo oyera owoneka bwino kumaso kumutu. Chingwe chimachoka chisa ndili ndi zaka 6-7. Mu zaka zamafuta ochepa, anapiye okalamba okha ndi omwe amakhala mpaka atanyamuka. Mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kukhwima mwakugonera kuyambira zaka ziwiri. Kuchokera m'malo otentha kwambiri, kambukuyu amasamukira nthawi yachisanu mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala ndipo mbalame zina zimakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira.

Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza

Chingwe chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti buzzard, chakhala chikudziwika kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo kufotokozera kwake kwa sayansi kumalizidwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758. Idalandira dzina lachi Latin Buteo buteo, kuphatikiza pamtunduwu, anthu ena khumi ndi awiri ali m'gulu la ma genus oona.

Mipira ikuluikulu ya gulu lankhondo. Malinga ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, nthumwi zake zoyambirira zidawonekera patangotha ​​nthawi yayitali Cretaceous-Paleogene, pomwe zochuluka za zipolopolo zachilengedwe zidamasulidwa, kuphatikiza owononga owuluka.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Momwe buza umawonekera

Chidacho ndi chotalika 50-58 masentimita ndipo chili ndi mapiko a masentimita 105 mpaka 135. Pali mitundu itatu ya mbalameyi: ya bulauni yokhala ndi mimba yofiyira komanso yamotent, yofiirira yokhala ndi mimba yolira, komanso yofiirira. Mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu ukhoza kuthandizidwa kuyambira ubwana mpaka kukalamba. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbalame zamtundu woyamba, zosowa kwambiri zachitatu. Nthawi zina nsikidzi zimasokonezedwa ndi kafadala, ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu, amatha kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina.

Koma pali zizindikiro zingapo, kupeza zingapo zomwe zimatha kuzindikira buzzard molondola:

• Ali ndi miyendo yachikasu, koma amadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mulomo wake: m'munsi mwake ndi chikaso, kenako imayamba kutuwa, ndipo kumapeto kumayamba kuda,
• Khungu la diso la tinsalu tofiirira tating'onoting'ono, timene timayang'ana pang'onopang'ono. Achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyanasiyana, m'kupita kwa nthawi mtunduwo umakhala wowala,
• buzzard wokhala pansi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame inayo ndi malo ake: imakhala ngati yachepetsedwa, ndipo koposa zonse, ikulimbitsa mwendo umodzi. Nthawi zonse amakhala wokonzeka kuthana naye ndikuyamba kuwuluka ngati wadyera: ngakhale akupumula, amapitiliza kuyang'ana oyandikana ndi ena ndikufufuza kuti apindule nawo.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu, koma zina ziyenera kudziwidwa mwachidule: kachikumbu kouluka mwamphamvu ndikakanikizira khosi mthupi, mchira wake ndi wokulungidwa bwino komanso wotseguka, mapiko ake ndiwotalikirapo, pali malo owala pa iwo, mbalameyo imagwira mapiko ake pamzere wa thupi, koma imakweza pang'ono m'mwamba, pamalo akulu gawo la anthu, chingwe chakuda kudutsa m'mphepete mwa mchira ndikuwonekera bwino, koma ena sakutero.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mbalameyi imachokera ku banja lalikulu la akambuku ang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi 55-57 masentimita, mchira kutalika 25-25 masentimita, mapiko ozunguliridwa m'mapiko - pafupifupi masentimita 120. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakula kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi 500-1300 g.

Kavalidwe ka nthenga ka ma buzzards ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri mwakuti nkosatheka kupeza anthu ofanana. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo zakuda, zotuwa, zofiirira, zofiirira zoyera.

M'mitundu ina, ndimtambo wakuda wonyezimira wokhala ndi nthenga zosinthika nthenga za mchira wawo, pomwe ena amatsika ndi imvi yokhala ndi zilembo zakuda ndi mikwingwirima. Achichepere makamaka ndi motley. Pansi pa mapiko a mbalame pali zolembera zowala.

Matata ndi ofiira achikasu, mulomo wake umakhala wonyezimira pansi ndipo umasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono mpaka kumaso kwenikweni. M'maso mwathu, utawaleza ndi wofiyira, anapiyewo amakhala otuwa, koma ndi zaka, mtunduwo umayamba imvi.

Mipira yopambana imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amaso abwino, kukhudza bwino kwambiri. Zidole zimamva kwambiri. Mipira ndi anzeru, ochenjera. Eni mbalame zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo amazindikira zaukadaulo wopanga.

Kuuluka kwa nsapato

Nasal mawu ofikira odziwika bwino kwa ma connoisseurs ambiri achilengedwe. Zomveka zopangidwa ndi amuna ndizokweza kuposa mawu achikazi. Amatha kumva nyimbo zawo munyengo yakukonzekera. Nthawi yotsalira yomwe buzzi imakhala mwakachetechete, musadziyang'anire ndekha ndi kufuula kapena mawu ena.

Mverani mawu a buzzard

Pazigawo za buzzards, magulu awiri amodzi amakhala osiyana:

• buteo - moyo wongokhala ndi wakhalidwe, kusamukira mtunda waung'ono ndikuloledwa,
• vulpinus - amapanga maulendo ataliatali, kusiyanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Himalaya.

Mitundu yotchuka ya buzzard ndi iyi:

• buzzard wamba. Kukula kwapakatikati ndi mitundu yowoneka yamitundu mitundu. Kugawidwa m'nkhalango ya Europe, khalani ndi moyo wakhazikika,

• buzzard wofiyira. Amakhala kudera la North, Central America. Amakonda malo okhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi malo otseguka. Dzinali limalankhula za mawonekedwe a utoto. Mapikowo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake,

• Mzukwa. Mbalame zazikuru zokhala ndi mapiko a masentimita 160. Mutu ndi chifuwa cha zowuluka zambiri, zopanda timawu. Utoto wam'mimba, ma paws ndi ofiira. Amakhala kudera la Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Africa, Greece, Turkey. Malo okongola am'mapiri, zipululu zocheperako ndizowoneka bwino kwa malo a Buzzards,

• bony buzzard. Kukula kwake, mbalameyi imafanana ndi kambuku wamba. Kusiyanako kuli mtundu wowala wam'mimba. Dzinalo limatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa miyendo mpaka kumapazi. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe, ku North America, m'malo a zisumbu.

• Svenson Buzzard. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi kocheperako poyerekezera ndi kwa opanga. Mutha kuzindikira zamtunduwo ndi malo oyera pakhosi, mapiko a bulauni opanda mawanga, mimba yowala. Kuuluka kwa buzzard kumafanana ndi kuyenda kwa kite. Amakhala ku Canada, Mexico. Kuyambira ku California, Florida,

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira bizzard ya Svenson ndi maoyera oyera pakhosi

• msewu wazithunzi. Chimawoneka ngati khungubwi. Mtundu wakumbuyo wa imvi, tummy ndi chikasu chopepuka ndi mikwaso yofiyira. Mitengo yamalo otentha komanso yam'mapiri imakopa mbalamezi,

• Galapagos Buzzard. Mbalame zazing'ono zofiirira. Imavuto amtundu amakongoletsa mchira. Mtunduwu ndiwofikira kudera lalikulu la Zilumba za Galapagos,

• Chingwe cha kumapiri aku Africa. Mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati zokhala ndi zowuluka zakuda kumbuyo. Mimba imayera ndi mawanga a bulauni. Chimakhala m'maiko aku Africa pakati pa mapiri ndi zitunda pamalo okwera mpaka 4500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
• Madagascar buzzard. Chimakhala m'malo opezeka kumapiri mpaka kumapiri a nkhalango zamvula zam'malo otentha,

• bogose Buzzard. Maonekedwe amafanana ndi Buzzard. Madzimadzi ndi ambiri ofiira. Malo okonzera - kumapiri otseguka, kumapiri a Altai, Manchuria. Nyengo yachisanu, mbalameyi imawulukira ku China, Turkestan, Iran,

• miyala yamiyala. Mutu wawung'ono komanso wolimba wamphamvu umasiyanitsa wokhala ku South Africa. Buzzard imakhala ndi imvi komanso mchira wofiyira,

• nsomba buzzard. Amasungidwa pafupi ndi madzi mumatondo otseguka. Amakhala kumadera otentha a Mexico, Argentina. Ma spiked paws

• khungubwe. Chimawoneka ngati buzzard wamba. Zoweta ku East Asia. Hawk Buzzard - mawonekedwe osowa.

Kodi khungubwe amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Buzzard kuthawa

Khalani m'malo akulu, kuphatikiza:

• pafupifupi Europe yonse, kuphatikiza mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia - sakhala kumpoto kwa Scandinavia kokha,
• kumwera kwa gawo la Asia ku Russia,
• Caucasus,
• Asia Wamng'ono
• Pafupi ndi East,
• Iran,
• India
• ambiri aku Africa.

Nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe amagulitsira, buzzard ukhoza kupezeka m'maiko Aku Far East - China, Korea, Japan. Ambiri mwa mbalamezi amakhala mwakachetechete, ndipo oimira okha a subspecies vulpinus, ndiko kuti, ang'ono kapena steppe buzzards, amawulukira kumwera nthawi yophukira. Amakhala ku Russia, Scandinavia ndi Eastern Europe, ndipo amauluka kuzizira ku India ndi Africa.

Ngakhale ena aiwo sangapite patali kukazizira, kupita ku magombe pafupi ndi Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian: kumadera omwe kumakhalako nyengo yozizira, koma kulibe chipale chofewa. Mbalame yokonda kutentha ndiyokwanira ndipo imatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ku Europe. Ku mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia buzzards amagawidwa moyenera, amakhala makamaka m'malo omwe nkhalango zimasinthana ndi mitengo ndi minda, komwe kuli kosavuta kuti azisaka. Amakondanso nkhalango zobiriwira, makamaka zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri.

Kudera la Asia ku Russia komanso kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, malo osankhidwa ndi nkhalango adasankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri amasankha malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kuti akakhazikike, amatha kukhala pamiyala, ngakhale amakonda mitengo. Amakonda malo okhala mapiri, koma sakhala m'matanthwe: kutalika kwakukulu komwe amakhala amakhala sikupitirira 2000 m, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 200-1,000 m.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe khungubwe amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Moyo & Habitat

Kugawana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakwirira zigwa ndi mapiri. Zizindikiro sizimalola anthu akunja kukhala m'malo omwe anthu akhoza kukhala. Mlengalenga, pakati pa nkhalango, akuwopseza kwambiri akunja, kuwakakamiza kuti atuluke m'malo awo.

Mutha kuzindikira khungubwi m'nkhalangomo potengera mawonekedwe ake - mbalame zimakhala pamitengo yopindika komanso miyendo yawo ikukhazikika. Izi sizimawalepheretsa kuwona zomwe zikuchitika ndikuyang'ana nyama. Ngakhale patchuthi, mbalame sizitha kukhala maso.

Buzzard imawuluka pang'onopang'ono, mwakachetechete, imakonda kusuntha m'malo obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pa nyama, mbalameyo imathamangira mwachangu, ndikugwirana mapiko onse awiriwo. Pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka buzzard wamba imatambasula mapiko ake mwachangu ndi kugwa m'manja mwa magwiridwe khumi.

Mukusaka, osati maonedwe abwino kwambiri ndi chithandizo chamakutu, komanso chidwi, luntha, luso. Makhalidwe amenewa amadzipulumutsa okha kwa adani awo. Zinadziwika kuti asanagone, nsikidzi zimasokoneza mayendedwe kuti palibe m'modzi wanjala amene adatsata mbalame ija.

Sakani ma buzzards omwe ali kale m'malo opezeka. Mbalame zimayandama m'mwamba kapena kuyang'ana zodyedwa kuchokera kuphiri, kubisalira. Pamenepo ali kuti sangayikiridwe.

Mitundu yosamukasamuka ikudzutsa pamagulu, pitani kumadera ofunda mu Epulo-Meyi, kutengera nyengo. Maulendo apandege amagwa pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.

Kodi buzzard amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mbalame Ya Buzzard

Zosunga mbalameyo ndizambiri, koma zimangokhala ndi chakudya chanyama basi. izo:

Chakudya chachikulu cha buzzard ndi makoswe - mbewa ndi ena, makamaka ang'onoang'ono. Itha kutchedwa kuti nkhonya yolumikizidwa mwapadera, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake osaka onse amafunikira kuti agwire makoswe. Koma, ngati chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa ndipo zikuvuta kupeza nyama, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imasinthira ku mitundu ina.

Nthawi zambiri pamiyeso yotere, imayamba kudyetsa pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, momwe mumapezeka ambili ochepa, mutha kupezanso nyongolotsi ndi zakudya - pali zakudya zambiri za buzzard. Mosiyana ndi minda ndi malo osungira nyama, samasaka nkhalangoyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali nyama zochepa zamtchire pachakudya chawo. Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala makoswe okwanira kumunda, khungubwi siziopseza mbalame zina, koma ngati makoswewo atakhala ochepa, amathanso kudyera nawonso: zimagwira mbalame zazing'ono, zimadya anapiye ndi mazira. Ng'ombe yanjala ikaona mbalame yodya nyama yaying'onoting'ono kuposa iyo, ikuuluka ndi nyama, imayesa kuyitenga.

Ziphuphu ndizowopsa kwa abuluzi ndi njoka, kuphatikiza ndi poizoni. Koma kusaka koteroko nkowopsa kwa iwo: ngakhale njuchi ndizolimba, pali mwayi kuti njoka imatha kuluma mbalame. Kenako imafa chifukwa cha chiphe, chifukwa sichimagwira.Ngakhale nsikidzi zimakonda kusaka, ngati zilibe nyama yambiri, zimathanso kudya zonona. Chidwi cha mbalameyi ndi chachikulu: munthu m'modzi amatha kudya makoswe khumi ndi awiri patsiku, ndikuziwononga pachaka masauzande. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa zimazunza tizilombo tambiri ngati mbewa, timadontho, njoka zapoizoni. Mbawala zazing'ono zimawonongeranso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Chochititsa chidwi: Sarych ndi dzina lina la buzzards, lomwe limagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mwachidziwikire amachokera ku liwu la Turkic "sary", lotanthauza "chikasu."

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Buzzard ku Russia

Phokoso limakhala ndi ziwalo zam'malingaliro zopangidwa bwino: zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa, malingaliro abwino akununkhira komanso kumva. Zonsezi zimamupangitsa kuti azisaka bwino, ndipo kuchoka kwa iye ndikovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma buzz ndi mbalame zanzeru, izi zimawonekera kwambiri akapezeka ali mu ukapolo - amatha kudabwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi nzeru zachangu komanso zanzeru. Mipira ikuluikulu imawuluka pang'onopang'ono, koma imachita izi mwakachetechete ndipo imayandikira pafupi ndi womenyedwayo. Amadalira kwambiri kudabwitsidwa komanso kuponya. Amatha kuuluka mwachangu, koma otsika kuposa mbalame zina zambiri, kuphatikiza zazikulu.

Zabwino kwambiri kuposa mapiko awo ndizoyenera kuwuluka pang'onopang'ono - mpaka izi siziyesetsa. Zimatha kuuluka monga chonchi kwa maola ambiri motsatizana ndipo nthawi yonseyo zimayang'ana pansi pansipa, ndipo kambuku akaona munthu amene angakumane naye, imagwera pansi ndi mwala, ndikupinda mapiko ake, ndikuyiyala pokhapokha ili pafupi ndi nthaka.

Potuluka pachimake pamatuluka liwiro lalikulu, ndipo koposa zonse, zimapezeka mosayembekezereka, zomwe zimapatsa mbalameyo mwayi wodya nyama ndi zibwano zake isanadziwe zomwe zikuchitika. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri kambuku akafuna kusaka amaonetsa kukhudzika kwakukulu, koma nthawi zina amainyamula mopitilira muyeso, samazindikira zopinga ndi kugundika mwa iwo. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala pamtengowu kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kusankha masamba owuma kapena opanda nthambi kumbali imodzi kuti muwone bwino, kapena pamwala - ndikuyembekezera kudyedwa. Umu ndi momwe amakhala nthawi yayikulu patsiku lawo, ndikupuma mumdima.

Kummwera, anthu omwe amasamukira kumadera ena amayenda m'magulu akulu kuyambira masiku otsiriza a chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kutengera malo, ndipo nthawi zambiri onse amawuluka nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti tsiku lina amawuluka mozungulira kwambiri, ndipo enawo nthawi yomweyo amakhala opanda kanthu. Amabwereranso mkati mwa kasupe, ndipo mbalame zochepa zimawuluka kubwerera: achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ozizira kwa zaka zingapo. Ziphuphu zimakhala nthawi yayitali: zaka 22-27, ndipo ali mu ukapolo mpaka 35.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Common Buzzard

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba nthawi itangofika. Amuna amayesetsa kudzionetsera ngati ndege zomwe zikuyenda bwino ndikukonzekera ndewu. Awiri akakhazikika, amamanga chisa kapena kuti chimakhala chakale ndikuchiyambitsa. Nthawi zina zisa izi poyambirira zinali za mbalame zina, nthawi zambiri akhwangwala. Amakonda kumanga zisa mkati mwakuya kwa nkhalangoyi, koma pafupi m'mphepete mwake, pomwe mtengowo umatha kukhala wophatikizana komanso wopatsa chidwi. Chidacho chili pa foloko yayikulu nthambi zazitali kutalika kwa 7-15 metres. Buzzards akuyesera kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zizindikire onse kuchokera pansi komanso kuchokera pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, chisa chimatha kukhala pathanthwe.

Dawo la chisa ndi 50-75 masentimita, laling'ono kutalika - 20-40 masentimita. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthambi zamiyendo yolumikizidwa ndi udzu wouma - ndizokuya kuchokera m'mphepete, komanso kufupi ndi pakati, chocheperako. Pakatikati pake pali malo ophikira anapiye ochokera ku nthambi zazing'ono kwambiri, koma zowayika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: nthenga, moss, fluff, bark. Ngati m'modzi mwa awiriwa afa asanamange, ndiye kuti adzasinthidwa ndi mbalame ina: atazindikira awiriawiri, amuna ndi akazi ena ochepa atsalira. Kulakwitsa kumachitika mpaka kumapeto kwa masika, nthawi zambiri mazira 3-5 mkati mwake. Chipolopolo chawo ndi cha imvi komanso chowala chobiriwira, chili ndi mawanga ofiira kapena a bulauni.

Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimatengera chaka: ngati nyengo ili yabwino ndipo pali mbewa zambiri m'derali, padzakhala ena ambiri. M'zaka zaanjala, dzira lam'madzi limangokhala lokha, ndipo pazaka zoyipitsitsa, ma buzz ambiri sangatenge ana konse. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala ndi makulidwe, nthawi imeneyi imatha mpaka masabata asanu. Wamphongo nthawi imeneyi samasokoneza mozungulira, koma amadyetsa achikazi kuti asawuluke kulikonse kuchokera chisa. Mbalame yomwe ili pamasoni siiyankhanza, imayesetsa kugona pansi alendo osawadziwa atayandikana kapena kuwonetsa kulira kokweza.

Ngati akumaswa nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka, amatha kusiya kulumikizana ndikupanganso yachiwiri - nthawi zambiri mumakhala dzira limodzi lokha. Akatikatiwo akatuluka, thukuta lakuda limakhala lofiirira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, wamwamuna amatenga gawo la chakudya, ndipo wamkazi amawagawira, kuti aliyense atenge gawo lawo. Anapiye ataloŵa m'malo mwa bulauni ndi imvi, makolo onse awiri amayamba kupeza chakudya - zimachuluka kwambiri. ndiye amayamba kuponya chakudya chisa, ndipo anapiyewo amagawana ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kulimbana wina ndi mnzake.

Chaka chochulukirapo, anapiye ambiri amakhala. Ngati idakhala yamafuta ochepa, ndiye kuti anthu 1-2 adzapulumuka ndege isanachitike. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaphunzira kuwuluka pakatha milungu 6 kapena 7 ya moyo, ndipo tikadziwa kuuluka bwino, amasiya makolo awo ndikuyamba kusaka okha - izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi. Anapiye okhala ndi maluwa amatha kuuluka theka loyamba la Seputembala, nthawi zambiri amachokera kwachiwiri. Mbalame za ana omwewo zimangokhala limodzi nthawi yotsala mpaka kunyanja, ndikusuntha mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Magalimoto ena amakhala mpaka Novembala ndipo mwina amakhala nthawi yozizira.

Adani achilengedwe azizilombo

Chithunzi: Buzzard nthawi yachisanu

Kulanda buzzard ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuthwa komanso kumva, chifukwa chake ngakhale mbalame zazikulupo sizikumusaka. Koma samatha kumva kukhala otetezedwa kwathunthu: chiwombankhanga, nkhwangwa, ziwombankhanga zitha kulimbana ndi ming'alu yodyera ndi nyama - aliyense akufuna kuyichotsa.

Mbalamezi ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu, chifukwa chake polimbana nawo njuchi zimatha kuvulala kwambiri. Koma izi zimachitika mowerengeka, pomwe mwayi wakutsutsana ndi buzzard wina umakulirapo. Zambiri zimachitika nthawi yakukhwima, koma nthawi zina zimakhalanso zotheka chifukwa gawoli - sikokwanira kwa aliyense, ndipo mbalame zosautsidwa amakakamizidwa kusaka kwina.

M'magawo amtunduwu, mbalame imodzi kapena iwiri imatha kuthana ndi vuto lakuthwa komanso mulomo. Wotayika adzachotsedwa, ndipo wopambanayo adzatenga gawo lake kapena kupitiriza kukhala lake. Mbalame yotayikayo ilibe mphamvu yosaka ndipo imatha kufa ndi mabala ndi kufa ndi njala - chifukwa kuti mabalawo akakula, amafunika kudya zochulukirapo.

Zowononga za ma tchire zimayambitsa zowononga zazikuru: mbalame zazikulu ngati nkhumba ndi ma kitesa zimatha kugwira izi, komanso zazing'ono - akhwangwala, maula, monga ma martens okhala ndi chogunda kuti asangalale ndi mazira ndi anapiye. Koma nyalugwe sizimawonongeka ngati mbalame zina zambiri, chifukwa zazikazi sizichotsedwapo chisa.

Pakati pa adani a buzzard pali bambo: mwachitsanzo, ku USSR adatengedwa ngati tizirombo ndipo amalandila mphotho yakuwachotsa, chifukwa chaka chilichonse amaphedwa ndi masauzande. M'mayiko ena, izi zimachitidwanso, ndipo m'malo ena akuphedwa kosalamulirika.

Koma mbalame zochulukirapo pazaka zaposachedwa zakhala zikusakazidwa ndi makampani am'makina ndikupanga dziko lapansi - mwachitsanzo, kupha tizilombo. Kudzikundikira kwa ziphezi m'thupi la ma buzzards kumabweretsa kufa kwawo koyambirira.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Momwe buza umawonekera

Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonseyo ndikokwera kuti kumatchulidwa kuti sikumayambitsa nkhawa. Poyerekeza ndi momwe zinthu zidakhalira kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu. Kenako ma buzzards anathetsedwa kwambiri ngati tizirombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwawo ku Europe ndi Russia nthawi zina.

Kenako zinaonekeratu kuti "tizirombo" timagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ndikuwononga makoswe ndi tizirombo tina zenizeni. Ngakhale mbalame zina zambiri zodya nyama zimachitanso izi, koma nsikidzi ndi imodzi mwazambiri komanso zothandiza.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kunasokonekera ndipo panali makoswe ambiri, chifukwa chake, kusaka ma buzz anali oletsedwa pafupifupi m'maiko onse aku Europe, pambuyo pake ziwerengero zawo zinayamba kuchira.

Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Europe pano chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 1.5 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa Buzzard kukhala imodzi mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zodyera ku Europe. Padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kumatha kukhala mbalame kuchokera 4 mpaka 10 miliyoni.

Chochititsa chidwi: Malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzina la mbalameyo - buzzard, lidachitika chifukwa limapanga kulira kofulumira, ndipo lili pafupi ndi liwu loti "buzz". Koma pali lingaliro lina: kuti limachokera ku Slavic yakale "kanuti", yomwe imatanthawuza "kugwa," chifukwa nsikidzi zimasaka motere. Mawu akuti "buzz" mu mtundu uwu, m'malo mwake, adachokera ku dzina la mbalame.

Mofulumira komanso pang'onopang'ono buzzard amatha kupereka zovuta ngati mlenje wa mbalame zina zambiri zodyedwa. Popeza adakondana ndi m'mbali mwa nkhalango, mbalame zimatha masiku zikuwuluka kuthengo ndikuyang'ana mozungulira, kufunafuna makoswe, ndipo patsiku limatha kugwira anthu 30 mpaka 40, ndi zina zambiri panthawi yakudya. Chifukwa chake, ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa alimi, komanso amawaumiriza kuti asamalire nkhuku - amathanso kunyamulidwa.

(Rupornis magnirostris)

Amakhala malo otseguka komanso malo otchingidwa ndi nkhalango m'malo otentha komanso ochokera ku Mexico ndi Central America mpaka kumwera kwa South America kummawa kwa Andes, komanso kupewa nkhalango zowirira.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 31-31 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 250-300 g, ndipo amuna ndi ochepa 20% kuposa akazi. Mtundu, msewu wa njovu umafanana ndi kabulu wa mpheta yamphongo: pamwamba ndi imvi, pansi ndi kowala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira. Pa mchira pali mikwingwirima 4-5 ya imvi. Pali mitundu ingapo 12 ya buzzard iyi, yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri amadyera ana agalu ang'ono, anyani ang'ono ndi zolengedwa zina, tizilombo tambiri, nthawi zina amadya mbalame zazing'ono. Amayang'ana nyama kuchokera kumtunda, kenako nkugwera pansi.

Pakhomo pa mitengo pali chisa chachikulu.

(Geranospiza caerulescens)

Amagawidwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico kumwera kudzera ku Central ndi South America kupita ku North-Western Peru komanso kummawa kudutsa chigwa cha Amazon kupita ku North Argentina ndi Uruguay. Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha kwambiri kudera lakutali kwa nkhalango, kuphatikiza nkhalango zamtchire ndi mitengo yamangati, madambo okhala ndi mitengo komanso malo obisika. Nthawi zambiri malo ake amaphatikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chosungira. Ino ndi mbalame yokhazikika, yopanga maulendo apaulendo okha.

Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 38-54 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 225- 358 g, ndipo mwa akazi 273-430 g. Utoto wambiri ndi phulusa, pamimba amakhala wamabala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono. Mchirawo ndi wautali, mbali yake ya mmunsi ndiyoyera ndi mikwaso yakuda, kumtunda ndikuda ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera. Mapikowo ndi otambalala ndipo ozungulira. Miyendo ndi yayitali lalanje.

Khwangwala wa crane amasaka mosiyanasiyana: amayang'ana kuti agwiritse ntchito m'maenje, kenako nkuigwira pansi, amayenda pansi, nkuyendayenda panthaka kapena masamba azithunzi, amayenda pansi pamalo osakhwima, akuwuluka pamwamba pa nthaka, monga momwe mwezi umakhalira. Ili ndi miyendo yayitali, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokoka nyama ngakhale kuchokera kuming'alu yopapatiza komanso yamatanda. Amadyapo ndodo zosiyanasiyana, mileme, abuluzi, njoka zazing'ono, achule, anapiye, tizilombo tambiri ndi akangaude.

Amamanga zisa m'mitengo, nthawi zambiri m'mitengo yama epiphytes pamtunda wa mamita 10-25. Chisa chaching'ono chimapangidwa ndi timitengo yaying'ono. Nthawi yochezerayo imadalira kwambiri malo. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mazira awiri oyera kapena amtundu wabuluu.

(Parabuteo unicinctus)

Kugawidwa kuchokera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA kumwera kupita ku Chile ndi Central Argentina. Imakhala m'malo momasuka komanso kotentha. Imakhala m'malo otsika, opanda mitengo kapena yazifupi, zipululu zocheperako, malo owongoka.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 46-55 cm, mapiko ndi masentimita 102-120, thupi laimuna ndi 546-850 g, mwa akazi ndi a 766- 1633 g. Mtundu wamitundu yonse ndi wakuda, mapewa, mapiko ndi m'chiuno ndi utoto wamatumbo, m'munsi ndi pachimake michira ndi yoyera. Mapapu ndi sera ndi chikasu.

Chingwe cha m'chipululu chimachitika m'magulu a anthu 2-7. Gululi limakhala ndi mkazi wachikulire, wamwamuna ndi mbadwa zawo kuyambira zaka zam'mbuyomu. Mamembala a gululi samangothandizana pakusaka, komanso pang'onopang'ono. Uyu ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama, kuphatikiza mbalame zazing'onoting'ono, monga abakha, zazing'ono zazing'ono, abuluzi ndi tizilombo tambiri. Popeza buzzard uyu nthawi zambiri amasaka m'magulu, amathanso kuukira nyama zazikuluzikulu zolemera 2 kg. Kufufuza nyama ngati ikuuluka pamwamba panthaka kapena kudikirira kuti abisalire, yomwe imakhazikika pa nthambi yosakhala pamwamba pa nthaka kapena mzati. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka zikukhala pansi.

Chisa chimakonzekera kutalika kwa mamita 10 kuchokera pansi pamtengo wotsika, chitsamba kapena nkhadze. Kumanga kumachitika makamaka ndi wamkazi, ndimakonzedwe opanga nthambi, timitengo ndi mizu yolumikizana ndi masamba, udzu ndi zidutswa za khungwa. Clutch ili ndi mazira oyera 2 kapena 4 oyera kapena opepuka a buluu omwe ali ndi mawanga ansalu. Yaikazi imagwira masiku 31-31. Achichepere amayamba kusiya chisa ali ndi zaka 38, ndikuyamba kuwuluka ali ndi zaka 45-50. Pali ana 2-3 mu chaka. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ndi makolo awo mpaka zaka zitatu.

(Parabuteo leucorrhous)

Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Venezuela ndi Colombia kumwera, kudzera ku Ecuador ndi Peru, kupita ku Bolivia, kumwera kwa Brazil ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Pamakhala nkhalango zamapiri zotentha komanso zam'mapiri.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 33-40 cm, mapiko ndi 67-79 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi pafupifupi 290 g, akazi ndi 389 g. Mtundu wanthawi zonse ndi wakuda, mawonekedwe ake ndi mzere wotambalala woyera kumunsi kwa mchira.

Amadziwika kuti amadya nyama zokwawa, achule, tizilombo ndi makoswe.

(Busarellus nigricollis)

Amagawidwa mokwanira kuchokera ku Mexico kumwera kupita ku Argentina. Pamakhala nkhalango zotentha komanso zokhala madera otentha, madambo, malo otseguka kapena nkhalango zowala pafupi ndi madzi.

Kutalika kwa mbalame yayitali ndi 46-58 masentimita, mapiko ndi 115-143 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 391-717 g, ndipo zazimayi ndi 580-829 g. Utoto wambiri ndi wa bulauni, wamutu woyera, wakuda "wakhungu" pakhosi, nthenga zouluka ndipo mchira wakuda. Maso amakhala ofiira, ntchafu ndi yakuda, mawamba ndi oyera. Mitundu ya akambuku aang'ono achichepere ndiyosamveka kuposa akulu. Mbalame yokhala pansi imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mapikowo ndi otakata komanso ozungulira, mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri.

Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba, zomwe zimapezeka ndi khungubwe yowuluka pamwamba pamadzi kapena kuthamangira m'madzi, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kunthambi yotsika mtengo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pansi pafupi ndi matako timathandiza mbalameyo kuti izisamala. Nthawi zina imatha kudyera nsikidzi zamadzi, achule, nkhono ndi makoswe.

Mbedza zam'madzi zokhala ndi zisa pafupi ndi dambo komanso madzi ena, nthawi zina paminda yolimidwa ndi anthu. Chidacho ndi nsanja yopangidwa ndi nthambi ndipo nthawi zina yokongoletsedwa ndi masamba, imapezeka korona wa mtengo kutalika kwake mpaka 15 m.

(Butastur rufipennis)

Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Senegal ndi Gambia kum'mawa kupita ku Ethiopia. Mu Okutobala ndi Seputembala, amasamukira kumwera ku Sierra Leone, Cameroon, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya ndi kumpoto kwa Tanzania. Dzombe za dzombe limasiyana kwambiri: limapezeka pakati pa zitsamba zaminga za malo owuma komanso m'nkhalango za mitengo yopanda chipululu, mitengo yopitilira mitengo yamtchire ndi mitengo ya shrub, komanso malo odyetserako ziweto ndi minda yomwe ili ndi mitengo yolima payokha. Nthawi zina zimakhala pamphepete mwa nkhalango, kapena m'mphepete mwa chithaphwi. Komabe, buluzi wa dzombe limakonda malo otseguka ndipo amayamikiratu malo omwe mzere wamoto wapita kumene. Ku West Africa, imasamuka nthawi yayitali kumayambiriro kwa mvula, pomwe chophimba cha udzu chimakula mwamphamvu.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 30- 35 cm, mapiko ndi 92-106 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi ndi 300-8080 g Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana, ngakhale akazi ndi akulu 7% ndipo pafupifupi 10%. Chingwe cha dzombe la akuluakulu chimakhala chofiirira pamwamba, chokhala ndi mitsempha yopyapyala yakuda. Zowawa pamutu ndi zofiirira. Pali "masharubu" owoneka. Thupi lakumunsi limakhala lofiira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachifuwa. Pali malo ofiira ambiri amaphiko. Khosi ndi mtundu wowala kirimu wokhala ndi chimango chakuda, chomwe chimagawika m'magawo awiri ofanana ndi mzere wokhotakhota. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu pansi ndi nsonga yakuda. Sera ndi miyendo yachikasu. Zovala zakuda. Maso ake amakhala achikasu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi maula ofiira owoneka bwino okhala ndi mikwingwirima pamutu pawo. Nthenga zokutira ndi msana ndizoyera komanso zofiirira.Masharubu samveka bwino. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu. Mchirawo ndi wofanana muutoto ndi mikwaso yakuda. Iris ndi yofiirira.

Mbuto za dzombe zimangodya za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri ta udzu. Amadya chithaphwi chomwe chimabwera mvula ikagwa mvula kapena moto, akangaude ndi centiedes. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito zinyama zazing'ono zapamtunda ndi zokwawa. M'malo ena, nsikidzi za dzombe zimadyanso nkhanu, kunyamula mbalame zazing'ono, zinyama ndi abuluzi omwe amafa panthawi yamoto. Monga lamulo, imayang'ana nyama kuchokera kwa wobisalira, atakhala pamtengo kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 8 m, ndikutsika pansi kuti agwire. Kuphatikiza apo, kusaka kumayenda pansi, makamaka pambuyo poyatsa udzu. Nthawi zina mbawala zazingwe zimathamangitsa mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri zimatsata magulu ankhaninkhani, ndikubowola tizilombo, zomwe zimawopa poyenda.

Zingwe za dzombe zimasungidwa awiriawiri pachaka, koma posamukira komanso nthawi yachilimwe amapanga magulu a anthu 50 mpaka 100. Makamaka mbalame zambiri zimasonkhana m'malo osiyanasiyana pambuyo pokumana. Nyengo yodzala imayambira mu Marichi ndipo imatha mpaka Ogasiti. Mbalame zimamanga chisa cholimba komanso chakuya kwa nthambi, nthambi zazitali masentimita 13-15 ndi 35 cm. Mkati mwake mumakhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Chidacho chimakhala pamtengo pamalo okwera pakati pa 10 ndi 12 m padziko lapansi, koma nthawi zina chotsika kwambiri. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira amodzi mpaka atatu amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi timafupa tingapo, matanga kapena timayala tofiirira, tokoleti kapena timaso tofiirira.

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dzombe - skėrinis vanaginis suopis udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. tsamaisoutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

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Butastur rufipennis - skėrinis vanaginis suopis udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. tsamaisoutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Heuschreckenteesa - skėrinis vanaginis suopis udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. tsamaisoutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

lamuloutour des sauterelles - skėrinis vanaginis suopis udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. tsamaisoutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

kachilombo - skėrinis vanaginis suopis udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. tsamaisoutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

skėrinis vanaginis suopis - maudindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Butastur rufipennis angl. kachilombo kazungu vok. Heuschreckenteesa, m. Rus. dzombe dzungu, m pranc. kubutour des sauterelles, f ryšiai: platesnis terminas - vanaginiai suopiai ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa dzombe

Chingwe cha dzombe chimakhala ndi masentimita 44. Mapiko ake amafikira 92 - 106 cm.

Buzard wa Dzombe (Butastur rufipennis)

Kulemera kuyambira 300 mpaka 408 g. Iyi ndi mbalame yayitali-yayitali yolusa yokhala ndi mutu wochepa. Miyendo ndi yayitali, koma pali zolakwika zazing'ono. Ikamauluka, mapiko ake ataliatali amafikira pachimake. Makhalidwe awa onse, makamaka kuwuluka komanso ulesi, amasiyanitsa mitundu ina. Chingwe cha dzombe chili ndi thupi looneka bwino. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana, ngakhale akazi ndi akulu 7% ndi 10% wolemera.

Mtundu wa ma plumage ndiwofatsa kwambiri, komabe, wopatsa chidwi.

Tizilombo tambiri ta dzombe laanthu akuluakulu timayera bulauni pamtunda, wokhala ndi mitsempha yakuda pamtundu ndi mapewa. Pamutu, maula ndi ofiira, okhala ndi masamba amdima pa nthenga zonse. Pali masharubu owoneka. Thupi lotsika limakhala lofiira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachifuwa. Pali malo ofiira ambiri amaphiko. Khosi ndi kirimu wowala mumtambo wakuda, womwe umagawika pawiri komanso mzere wofanana. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu pansi ndi nsonga yakuda. Sera ndi miyendo yachikasu. Zovala zakuda. Maso ake amakhala achikasu.

Mtundu wa ma plumage ndiwofatsa kwambiri, komabe, wopatsa chidwi.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi maula ofiira owala ndi mikwingwirima pamutu, pakhosi pali malo amiyala yakuda. Nthenga zokutira ndi msana ndizoyera komanso zofiirira. Masharubu samveka bwino. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu. Mchirawo ndi wofanana muutoto ndi mikwaso yakuda. Iris ndi yofiirira.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nyama zimadalira chakudya cham'madzi: mbewa zam'munda, makoswe, hamsters, moles, agologolo ndi makoswe ena, omwe buzzard amakonda chakudya china. Nyama itha kukhala yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono pagombe. Zokera, njoka, zanyansi, dzombe limapita kukadya. Buzzard imagwiritsa ntchito mbalame - magareta, ma pheasants, mbalame zakuda, komanso mbalame zina zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala nyama.

Kuwonongeratu makoswe mbalame ya buzzard kumabweretsa zabwino zambiri. M'tsiku limodzi lokha, tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tokulira 30 timakhala chakudya. M'chaka chiwerengero chawo chimafika pafupifupi 11,000. Popeza makoswe ndi chakudya chamakoko nthawi zonse, panthawi yomwe amagawa kwambiri, mbalame sizisinthana ndi chakudya china.

Amadziwika kuti njoka zapoizoni zimasanduka njoka. Koma mbalameyo siyotetezedwa ku poizoni. Kusowa kwa chitetezo kumabweretsa imfa ya buzzard, ngati njoka ili ndi nthawi yoti imulume. Zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Kuthamanga kwa hawjik kumadabwitsa wozunzidwayo. Pochita izi, khungubwe limathamanga kwambiri, ikaphonya, imagunda mtengo, khoma. Munjala, khungubwi imatha kudya zovalazo.

Mawamba owoneka bwino amakhala ngati agwira nyama, mulomo wakuthwa umakulolani kudula zikopa zamphamvu za nyama.

Kuchepetsa buzzard pakuukira nyama

(Butastur teesa)

Adagawidwa ku India, ku Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar ndi Indonesia. M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kuuluka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Afghanistan. Imakhala m'mapiri, koma imapezeka kumapiri a Himalaya pamalo okwera mpaka 1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakonzeratu malo owuma.

Koko kowoneka bwino komanso kocheperako ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndi mtundu wake woyera, khosi loyera lomwe lili ndi chingwe chakuda pakati. Mutu ndi wakuda, gawo lakumunsi la thupi limakulungidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, mchira umakhala wakuda, sera ndi wachikaso. Mbalame ikakhala, nsonga ya mapiko ake imakhudza nsonga ya mchira wake. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 36-43, mapiko - 86-100 masentimita, kulemera kwakukulu - 325 g.

Amadyetsa makamaka dzombe, ziwala, cickets ndi tizilombo tina zazikulu, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mbewa, abuluzi ndi achule, komanso amatola nkhanu m'mphepete mwa maiwe ndi madambo.

Amakhala ndi moyo wawekha, nthawi zina amatha kukhala m'magulu a anthu atatu. Nyengo ya kuswana imatha kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka Meyi. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira oyera atatu. Akazi amadzitchinjiriza kwa masiku 19. Makolo onsewa ali pantchito yomanga chisa ndi kudyetsa ana.

(Wophatikiza chakudya)

Kugawidwa kumwera kwa China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam ndi Indonesia. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma pamtunda wa 800 m pamtunda wa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 34-31 cm, mapiko ndi 84-91 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi ndi 336-340 g. Mutu ndi thupi lotsika limakhala imvi pamikwendo pa korona, khosi ndi chifuwa. Thupi lakumwambalo limachita imvi, ndipo kumtunda kwa mchirayo ndi kofiyira. Nthambi za mbalame zazing'ono zimayenda.

Amadyetsa abuluzi, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi tizilombo zazikulu.

(Chizindikiro)

Kufalikira ku East Asia - ku Japan, Northern China, ku Russia ku Primorye kumadzulo mpaka kwa Lesser Khingan, kumpoto mpaka kumtsinje wa Bureya. Sichosowa konsekonse. Uwu ndi mbalame yosamukira nthawi yozizira ku Southeast Asia komanso ochepa pachilumba cha Indo-Australia. Chimakhala m'nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanikirana, zokhala ndi malo otseguka, ndimakonda malo okhala pafupi ndi madambo kapena madziwe, chifukwa chakuti anthu amphibibi amapanga chakudya chake chachikulu.

Iyi ndi mbalame yayitali koma yayitali kutalika kwa 41-46 cm, mapiko a 101-110 masentimita, yokhala ndi mapiko autali ndi lalitali, mchira wamtali wolunjika wowongoka, wokhala ndi kutalika, kutalika kwambiri, kutalika kwake, wosakutidwa, wokutidwa ndi tchuthi zazing'ono, ndi zala zazifupi ndi zikhadabo. Akuluakulu amuna ndi akazi achikazi cha mtunduwu wautali ali ndi utoto wofiirira kumbali yakumbuyo ndi ntchentche yolimba ndi mutu, imvi, mutu woyeralo ndi chingwe chakuda chakuda pakhosi komanso mikwingwirima yopyapyala pachifuwa ndi pamimba. Milomo ndi milomo ya mbalamezi ndi zakuda, ma iris, nthenga ndi miyendo yachikasu. Mbalame zazing'ono za kambuku pazovala zoyambirira pachaka zimakhala zofiirira kumbali yakumbuyo, zokhala ndi mbali yotsekera ndipo yokhala ndi ndondomeko yayitali yofiirira pachifuwa, pamimba komanso kunenepa kwa tibia, komwe kumakhala mawanga odera otuwa. Nthenga za mutu wokhala ndi malire owala.

Chakudyacho chimachokera ku achule, njoka, abuluzi ndi kafadala wamkulu. Siimakonda kugwira ma voles ndi mbewa.

Chisa chaching'ono chimamangidwa pam mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Thireyi imakhala ndi udzu kapena masamba. Sokosi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo. Kusintha kumakhala ndi mazira oyera a 2-4 okhala ndi mawanga ofiira. Zachikazi zimagwira masiku 30. Chingwe kumenyedwa kumapeto kwa Meyi - oyambirira June. Amadzitukumula m'masiku 35 pambuyo pomenyedwa.

(Buteogallus schistaceus)

Idafalitsidwira m'chigwa cha Amazon kuchokera ku Southeast Colombia ndi Southeast Venezuela kumwera, kudzera ku East Ecuador ndi Peru, kupita ku Northern Bolivia komanso kum'mawa kupita ku French Guiana ndi Northeast Brazil.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 41-46 masentimita, mapiko ndi 85-96 cm. Mtundu wautali ndi imvi, wakuda m'mapiko ndi mutu, mchira wake ndi wakuda ndi mzere wopingasa. Phula ndi lalanje owoneka bwino, maso ake ndi achikaso.

Imagwira makamaka nyama zam'madzi kapena zam'madzi pafupi: achule, akhwangwala, njoka ndi nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono.

(Buteogallus lacernulatus)

Kugawidwa kum'mawa kwa Brazil. Amakhala m'malo obiriwira komanso otentha a mvula pafupi ndi gombe la Atlantic. Imachitika pamalo okwera 900 mpaka 1300 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 43-48 masentimita, mapiko ndi masentimita 91-101. Mu mbalame yakalamba, mutu ndi thupi lotsika ndi loyera, zodabwitsa za thupi lakuda ndi zakuda. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi chingwe choyera.

Kawirikawiri amadya nyama zapamadzi, tizilombo komanso ma invertebrates ena.

(Buteogallus aequinoctialis)

Adagawidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic Ocean, kuchokera ku Venezuela, Trinidad ndi Tobago, Guiana, Suriname ndi French Guiana kupita ku Southeast Brazil. Imakhala m'madambo, m'matanthwe, m'mphepete mwa madzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.

Ndi buluzi wosaya kwambiri wokhala ndi mapiko afupi komanso mchira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 42-47, ndi mapiko a masentimita 90 mpaka 906. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi 505-655 g, ndipo wamkazi ndi 725-945 g.

Amadyetsa makamaka nkhanu kapena nyama zina zam'madzi. Crab imagwira pambuyo pomizidwa pang'ono m'madzi.

(Buteogallus anthracinus)

Zoweta kuchokera ku South-Western gawo la USA, kudutsa Central America, kupita ku Venezuela, Colombia, North Peru, Trinidad, Tobago ndi a Little Antilles. Malo okhala anthu ambiri amakhala ndi nkhalango zowuma komanso magombe a mitengo yam'madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja; crab buzzards amalowera mkati mwenimweni mwa zigawo zam'mphepete mwa mitsinje.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 50-56 masentimita, mapiko ndi 106-128 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 793 g, zazikazi ndi 1200 g. Mapikowo ndi ofupikirapo komanso osiyanasiyana, ndipo mchirawo ndiufupi. Utoto wambiri ndi wakuda, mchira pali chingwe choyera chambiri, nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yoyera, matako ndi sera ndi achikaso.

Amadya nkhanu, zokwawa, nsomba ndi mazira a mbalame. Ino ndi mbalame yochepetsetsa, kuyembekezera nthawi yayitali kuti ibisalire kapena kuyifufuza m'malo otsika. Nsomba zimagwira pamwamba pamadzi.

Amamanga zisa pamitengo, nthawi zambiri mangong, pamalo okwera 15 mpaka 35 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndi nsanja ya nthambi zouma. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo. Mu ma clutch 1-3 mazira amakhala oyera ndi mawanga bulauni.

(Buteogallus gundlachii)

Matenda a Cuba. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa gombe komanso m'mipanda yaying'ono yoyandikana nayo, nthawi zina imapezeka m'malo amitengo yamapiri, koma, monga lamulo, pamunsi pa 800 mamita pamwamba pamadzi.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 43-52. Mtundu wamba ndi wakuda bii, wokhala ndi imvi kuzungulira maso. Pothawa, mawanga oyera amawoneka pansi pa nthenga, pamchira pali chingwe choyera, matambo ndi sera wachikasu.

Imakonda kudya nkhanu ndipo imadyanso abuluzi ang'ono, nsomba, makoswe ndi mbalame.

Izi ndi mbalame zodumphitsa. Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Juni, koma nthawi zina imayamba mu Januware. Chisa chimamangidwa korona wamiyendo. Nthambi zouma zimagwira monga zomangira, ndipo thireyi limakhala ndi masamba. Chikazi chimayikira mazira 1-2.

(Buteogallus urubitinga)

Adagawidwa ku Mexico, kudutsa Central America, kupita ku Peru, Trinidad ndi Tobago, Brazil ndi Northern Argentina. Imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'malo otchingidwa ndi mitengo.

Kunja kumafanana ndi kambuku wakuda, koma wamkulu kuposa iye komanso ndi miyendo yayitali. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 51-64 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 652-1306 g, ndipo akazi ndi 625-1400 g.

Amadyako ndodo zazing'ono, mbalame, nsomba, nkhanu zam'madzi, nyama zakuthambo, nyama zapambuyo, tizilombo tambiri, zovunda, nthawi zina amadya mazira a mbalame ngakhalenso zipatso. Nthawi zambiri amasaka, akuyenda pansi wapansi.

(Buteogallus meridionalis)

Mitunda yochokera ku Panama, Trinidad ndi Tobago kumwera ku Bolivia, Uruguay ndi Central Argentina. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zam'malo otentha, mitengo yamangati, malo owuma, msipu ndi madambo.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 46-64 cm, ndi mapiko a 121-140 cm ndi kulemera kwa 740-1069 g. Ili ndi mapiko aatali ndi miyendo yayitali. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wofiirira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakumaso kwa thupi, pali malo otuwa kuzungulira maso, nthenga zouluka ndi zakuda, mchira ndi wakuda ndi mzere woyera, miyendo ndi yachikaso.

Amadyetsa zazing'ono zazing'ono, mbalame, achule, abuluzi, njoka, akhwangwala ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kusaka nyama ndi zowonjezera, nthawi zina zimasaka ndi phazi.

Chidacho chimamangidwa mu korona wamtengo wamtali, ndi nsanja ya nthambi zowuma, ndi thireyi yokhala ndi udzu. Pali dzira limodzi loyera mumphepo. Zipsepse zimadzaza pakatha zaka 6.5-7.5 milungu.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Akazi a ma buzzards amadziwika ndi miyeso yambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna. Palibe chizindikiro china chosiyana pakati pawo. Mabanja a mbalame opangidwa amapulumuka moyo wautali wa mbalame.

Nyengo yakukhwima mu mbalame zopitilira muyeso imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ndewu yosagwirizana ikulandidwa pakati pa amuna kuti azimayi azisamalira. Zovina zam'mlengalenga, zikuuluka mlengalenga, nyimbo zimapangidwa kuti zikope mabanja. Nkhondo zazikulu nthawi zina zimachitika.

Chisa chobisalira mazira

Mgwirizano womwe umapangidwa umayamba kumanga zisa pa mitengo yowuma, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolumikizana. Nyumbayo ikumangidwa ndi mbalame zonse pamodzi pamlingo wa 6-15 metres pamapangidwe a nthambi zambiri. Nthawi zina chisa chakale chimakhala maziko oyenera.

Chovala chokhala ndi banja chitha kumangidwa pamiyala kutengera komwe mbalame zimakhala. Chisa cha mbalame chimamangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zomangidwa ndi udzu wouma. Mkati mwake, pansi pake pali ma bulu, masamba obiriwira, zidutswa za tsitsi la nyama, nthenga. Chisa chimasungidwa mosamala kwa alendo.

Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mazira 3-4, osachepera 4-5, obiriwira owoneka bwino okhala ndi timadontho tambiri. Onse makolo amachita makulitsidwe osinthika kwa masabata asanu. Anapiye obadwa kumene amawoneka koyambirira kwa Juni, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika.

Thupi la mwana wankhuku aliyense amakhala wokutidwa ndi imvi yakuda. Yaikazi imakhala “yogwira ntchito” nthawi zonse, kambuku yamphongo nthawi imeneyi imasaka kudyetsa banja lalikulu. Poyamba, mkazi amadya nyama yobweretsayo, ndikutsatira anapiye.

Nthawi yomwe ana amakhala mchisa ndi masiku 40-50. Kukula kwam'ng'ono kumakulirakulira, kuphunzira kuuluka, kusiya makolo kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Nyengo, Nyaniwe wamkazi amakwaniritsa mazira ndi kukhazikitsanso anapiye ngati woyamba sangapulumutsidwe. Izi zimagwira ngati chitetezo chachilengedwe kwa ana omwe alephera.

Moyo wa buzzards ndi wautali, ndi zaka 24-26. M'madera osungirako, ali mu ukapolo amakhala zaka 30-32. Buzzard mu chithunzi amawoneka opatsa ulemu, modzikuza. Kupeza iye mu nyama zamtchire ndizopambana kwambiri. Osati nthawi zambiri, imawulukira kumadera omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango.

Mikwingwirima Yamahatchi

Akatswiri azachipatala azindikira chinthu chochititsa chidwi: komwe buzzards amawoneka, akhwangwala amawonongeka, akuwopa nyama yomwe imadya. Koma khungubwe silidzakhumudwitsa, monga khwangwala, anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono, nyimbo zokometsa, zovala, akambuku, ngati mbewa ndi dzombe zimkwanira. Mbalame zabwino!

(Buteogallus coronatus)

Kugawidwa ku Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia ndi Paraguay. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo owuma: malo obisalamo, nkhalango zowonekera, mapiri okhala ndi mitengo, mapiri okhala ndi zitsamba.

Ichi ndi nyama yayitali kwambiri yotalikilapo ndi 73-79 masentimita, mapiko a 170-183 masentimita, ndi unyinji wa makilogalamu 2.95. Mbalame zachikulire zimakhala pafupifupi imvi kwathunthu ndi mtundu wopaka wamkulu ku nape ndi mchira waufupi wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera. Maonekedwe a mbalame zachichepere ndi zofiirira kumaso ndi zotuwa ndi mutu wa bulauni kumutu komanso kumunsi kwa thupi.

Amadyetsa makamaka zazinyama zazikazi zapakatikati: armadillos, skunks, weasels, makoswe ndi nyani. Ikhozanso kudya zokwawa (makamaka njoka), nsomba, ana a nkhosa, tinamu ndi nkhuku. Chiwombankhanga chakuthengo chimakhala nthawi zambiri, chimafunafuna nyama, pa nthambi za mitengo yayikulu, mitengo, makhoma ndi pansi.

Amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri. Chidacho ndi nsanja yayikulu ya timitengo taouma yotalika pafupifupi 1,2 m ndi kuya kwa masentimita 30. Ili pakati pa nthambi za mtengo wamtali. Pali dzira limodzi loyera mumphepo. Wamkazi yekha amangolowa masiku 3940, wamwamuna pakadali pano amamupatsa chakudya.

(Buteogallus solitarius)

Kugawidwa ku Mexico, Central ndi South America. Imatha kupezeka pamapiri okhala ndi mitengo kapena zitunda. Nthawi zambiri malipoti a chiwonetsero cha chiwombankhanga m'zigwa nthawi zambiri amachitika chifukwa choti mbalame zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda nkhanu (Buteogallus anthracinus), sizili bwino. Sizinachitikepo kanthu kuti zitsimikizire milandu yowonera chiwombankhanga kumapeto. Chiwombankhanga chakuda ndi mtundu wophunziridwa pang'ono. Ndi osowa m'malo onse okhala.

Utoto wa chiwombankhanga wachikulire ndi imvi yakuda, nthawi zambiri mbalame imawoneka yakuda, mchira umakhala ndi zoyera. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 63-76 cm, kulemera ndi pafupifupi 3 kg, ndipo mapiko ndi kuyambira 152 mpaka 188. Kunja, chiwombankhanga ndi chofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanu yakuda ya nkhanu (Buteogallus anthracinus) ndi buzzard waku Mexico (Buteogallus urubitinga), koma yokulirapo. Komanso, mapiko a chiwombankhanga chakuda ndi chambiri. Mapiko apadera kwambiri awa ndi amodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa mitunduyo.

(Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea)

Kugawidwa kuchokera ku East Panama kumwera, kudzera Western Western ndi Northwest Ecuador, mpaka Northwest Peru. Pamakhala nkhalango zotentha komanso zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira.

Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 33- 37, ndi mapiko a masentimita 71-79. Utoto wathunthu wa mbalame zachikulire ndi imvi, mapiko ndi akuda, ndi mzere woyera woyera pamchira wakuda.

Zochepa sizikudziwika za moyo wa buzzard uyu. Nthawi zambiri amadya achule, nkhanu, nsomba ndi njoka zamadzi. Imasaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje.

(Kaupifalco monogrammicus)

Kufalikira Mokwanira kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Malo okondedwa ndi malo owuma, malo onyowa, kunja kwa nkhalango, komanso magombe amtsinje. Zimapezekanso, makamaka nthawi yozizira, m'ma tchire ndi mabwinja a East ndi Central Africa.

Chidyamakanda chaching'ono choterechi chili ndi thupi lofooka komanso miyendo yayitali. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 35-37 masentimita, mapiko ndi pafupifupi masentimita 79, kulemera kwa amuna ndi 246 g, ndipo zazikazi ndi 304 g. Pali mzere wakuda pakhosi loyera womwe umasiyanitsa ndi ma buzzards ena. Mimba yake ndi yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mapilidwe ake ndi oyera ndi nsonga zakuda, mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi m'mphepete woyera ndi chingwe choyera, maso ndi ofiira ngati bulauni, sera ndi ma paws ndi ofiira. Mbalame zazing'ono ndi zofanana ndi akulu, koma zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso zowoneka zofiirira mthupi lonse.

Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zonse zomwe zimadya nyama, khungubwe imakonda kudya pakati pa udzu wamtali kapena zomera zina zam'mlengalenga. Nthawi zina amayang'ana nyama kuchokera kunthambi, kutalika kwa 6-10 m, atabisala chisoti chachifumu kapena kukhala pampando. Zakudyazo zimatengera tizilombo tambiri, abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono, komanso achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amadya nyama yayikulu pansi, koma amakonda kubwerera kunthambi atagwira nyama yaying'ono.

Izi ndi mbalame zowopsa, zomwe zimapanga banja kukhala moyo. Nyengo yoswana imatha mwezi wa Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali pomanga chisa. Chisa chake ndi chaching'ono komanso chaching'ono ndipo chili pansi pa chisoti cha mtengo, pafupi ndi mtengo waukulu. Nthambi zazing'ono zimagwira monga zomangira, thireyi limakhala ndi udzu wouma, masamba obiriwira ndi masamba. Mu clutch pali mazira oyera okwanira 1-3 omwe achikazi amadzitsekera masiku 32- 34. Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imapatsa mkazi chakudya, ndipo anapiyewo akapezeka, makolo onsewo amawadyetsa masiku 40 otsatira. Nkhupakupa zimayamba kudzilamulira pazaka pafupifupi 90.

(Leucopternis semiplumbeus)

Kugawidwa kuchokera kummawa kwa Honduras ndi kum'mawa kwa Nicaragua kumwera mpaka kumadzulo kwa Colombia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ecuador. Imakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zam'malo otentha.

Awa ndi buluzi yaying'ono, yazotupa komanso yaifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 31-67 masentimita, mapiko ndi 51-64 masentimita, ndipo amuna ndi 250 g, ndipo wamkazi ndi 325 g.

Khungubwe limeneli silimawonedwa kawiri konse, limakonda kukhala pa nthambi yayitali yamtengo, kufunafuna nyama yake. Imadyera abuluzi, njoka, mbalame zazing'ono ndi nyerere zosakhazikika.

(Leucopternis melanops)

Kugawidwa ku Amazon, makamaka kumpoto kwa bedi lamtsinje waukulu, komabe, kuli anthu ambiri kumwera, ku maboma aku Brazil a Para, Acre ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Peru. Kumakhala mvula zosagwa pansi komanso nkhalango za mitengo yamangati.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 35-43 cm, mapiko ndi 65-78 masentimita, kulemera kwamphongo ndi 297-317 g, ndipo akazi ndi 329-8080 g.

Amadyetsa zokwawa, komanso amadya anapiye ndi tizilombo tina tambiri. Panthawi ya kusaka imawuluka kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kunthambi, ikuima m'malo angapo.

(Leucopternis kupangai)

Kuchokera ku East Peru ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Bolivia kupita kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Chimakhala m'nkhalango zamvula zamtunda pamalo okwera mpaka 500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 37-40 masentimita, mapiko ndi 65-76 masentimita. Mbali yodziwika bwino ndi mzere wopyapyala wopyola m'maso.

Nthawi zambiri amadya abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono, komanso achule ndi tizilombo tina tambiri.

(Morphnarchus princeps)

Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Costa Rica ndi Panama kumwera, kutsata mapiri a Andes a Western Colombia ndi Northern Ecuador, kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Peru. Imakhala m'mapiri otentha komanso otentha kwambiri komanso nkhalango zowirira. Imachitika pamalo okwera 300 mpaka 2500 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 51-57, mapikowo ndi masentimita 112 mpaka 124, kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi 1000 g.Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu zimatsimikiziridwa mosavuta ndi malamulo ake owoneka bwino komanso mapiko atali, omwe malekezero ake ndi kutalika pang'ono kuposa theka la mchira wake. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zachikulire pamutu, pachifuwa ndi pamwambapa ndi wakuda. Pansi ndi mkati mwa mapikowo mwayera ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono yakuda. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi chingwe choyera. Iris ndi yofiirira. Maphala ndi ma thunzi achikasu.

Imasaka munkhalangomo ndipo imachoka nthawi yomweyo. Popita kusaka, amakhala mwakachetechete panthaka yayitali kapena yocheperapo, kufunafuna nyama yake, kapena kuwuluka pakati pamitengo ndikugwira nyama padziko lapansi. Amadyetsa njoka, komanso achule, tizilombo tambiri, nkhanu, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, ndipo nthawi zina nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame, kuphatikiza anapiye.

Chidacho chimakhala pakati pa nthambi za mtengo waukulu kapena mwala, wolimba kwambiri kuchokera pansi. Nthawi zambiri imabisika mu unyinji wa mbewu za epiphytic. Chimawoneka ngati nsanja yomangidwa ndi nthambi komanso yomangidwa ndi masamba. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi loyera lopanda mawanga. Zachikazi zimagona zokhazokha.

(Pseudastur polionotus)

Kugawidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic kuchokera kummawa kwa Brazil kumwera kupita ku Uruguay ndi Northeast Paraguay. Imakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 47-51, mapiko ndi 118-129 masentimita. Mu mbalame zazikulupo, mutu, khosi, chifuwa, m'mimba, kutalika kwa mchira ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo ndikoyera, thupi lam'mwamba ndi mapiko ndi imvi.

Amadyanso mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, njoka ndi tizilombo tambiri.

(Pseudastur albicollis)

Kugawidwa kuchokera kumwera kwa Mexico kumwera, kudzera ku Central America, kupita ku Peru, Bolivia ndi Brazil. Magawo omwe amagawika ku South America ndi ochepa ku chigwa cha Amazon kuchokera kumalire otsetsereka a Andes kupita kugombe la Atlantic.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 47-55 cm, mapiko ndi 98-117 masentimita, unyinji wamphongo ndi 592-670 g, zazikazi ndi 695-855 g. Mutu, chifuwa, m'mimba ndi mbali yamkati yamapikoyo ndi yoyera, kumtunda kwa mapiko ndi kwakuda, mchira wamfupi ndi wakuda ndi chingwe choyera choyera. Pali ma subspecies anayi omwe amasiyana ndi mitundu, ena kumtunda kwa mapiko amakhala pafupifupi onse akuda, ena mbali zonse ndi zakuda.

Amadyetsa zokwawa, komanso tizilombo tambiri ndi nyama zazing'ono. Olanda katundu ndi zowonjezera.

Zomera zimamangidwa pamtengo. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi loyera la buluu wokhala ndi mawanga amdima.

(Pseudastur occidentalis)

Kugawidwa kumalo komwe kuli Western Ecuador ndi Northwest Peru. Imakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha komanso m'nkhalango zobiriwira.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 45-52, mapiko ake ndi masentimita 104 mpaka 116. Mutu wake ndi imvi, kumbuyo ndi mapiko ake ndi amaso amaso ndi zoyera, chifuwa, m'mimba ndipo mkati mwa mapikowo ndi zoyera, mchirawo ndi woyera ndi nsonga yakuda.

Amadyera abuluzi, njoka, akhwangwala, nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, nyongolotsi, achule ndi tizilombo tambiri.

Kufalikira kwa Dzombe

Chingwe cha dzombe chimafalikira ku Africa ndi Asia. Malo okhalamo akuphatikizapo Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad. Komanso Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana. Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umakhala ku Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger. Amapezeka ku Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. Ma subspecies anayi amadziwika, ngakhale maumboni ena awiriwa amatha. Limodzi zisa ku Japan ndi North Asia.

Chingwe cha dzombe chimafalikira ku Africa ndi Asia.

Dzombe la Bucard Habitats

Dzombe la dzombe limasiyana kwambiri: limapezeka pakati pa zitsamba zaminga za malo louma komanso m'nkhalango za mitengo yopanda chipululu. Mbalame zodya nyama zimawonedwa patadutsa tchire tambiri komanso m'tchire. Amalolera msipu ndi mitengo imodzi ndi malo obzalidwa.

Nthawi zina mbawala za dzombe zimakhala pamphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, m'mphepete mwa chithaphwi. Ngakhale zili choncho, mbalame zamtunduwu zimakonda kudera louma, koma malo omwe moto udadutsa kumenewo amayamikiridwa kwambiri. Ku West Africa, nsikidzi za dzombe zimasamukira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamvula pomwe chivundikiro cha udzu chikukula mwamphamvu. M'malo am'mapiri, ma buzzards amapezeka kuchokera pagombe mpaka 1200 metres.

Zingwe za dzombe zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri pachaka.

Zomwe zili ndi khalidwe la dzombe

Zingwe za dzombe zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri pachaka. Panthawi yosamukira komanso nthawi yachilimwe, amakhala magulu a anthu 50 mpaka 100. Makamaka mbalame zambiri zimasonkhana m'malo osiyanasiyana pambuyo pokumana.

M'nyengo yakukhwima, mbalamezi zimakwera ndikuuluka ndipo zimayendetsa ndege mozungulira, ndikulira kwambiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, amachita zanzeru zambiri, kuwonetsa kulumpha, kusuntha poyeserera, kusanja ndi mawonekedwe. Mawonekedwe a ndegezi amakwaniritsidwa ndikuwonetsa mapiko ofiira omwe amawalira padzuwa. Nthawi yakubzala ikatha, mbuluzi za dzombe zimayamba kuvuta, ndipo zimatha nthawi yawo yambiri zikukhala panthambi za mitengo youma kapena zilembo za telegraph.

M'nyengo yamvula komanso nthawi yamvula, mbalamezi zimayendayenda kum'mwera. Mtunda womwe mbalame zolusa zimayenda nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 500 ndi 750 km. Nthawi yosamuka imayamba pa Okutobala - Ogasiti.

M'nyengo yakukhwima, mbalamezi zimakwera ndikuuluka ndipo zimayendetsa ndege mozungulira, ndikulira kwambiri.

Kusinthidwa kwa dzombe

Nyengo yodzala ndi phokoso la dzombe imayamba mu Marichi ndipo imatha mu Ogasiti. Mbalame zimamanga chisa cholimba ndikuzama kuchokera ku nthambi, nthambi pafupifupi 13 - 15 sentimita ndikuzama ndi mainchesi 35. Okhala ndi masamba obiriwira mkati. Chisa chimapachikidwa pamtengo pamtunda wa mamita 10 mpaka 12 kuchokera pansi, koma nthawi zina chotsika kwambiri. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira amodzi kapena atatu amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi timawu tambiri, matanga kapena timabowo ta bulauni, chokoleti kapena kamvekedwe kofiira.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzombe lichepa

Kuchulukitsa kwa dzombe kumachepa kwanuko chifukwa cha kudyetsa mopitilira muyeso komanso kuzimiririka kwakanthawi. Kuchepa kwamisere kukuchitika ku Kenya. Kutulutsa kwa anapiyewa kudasokonekera chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe ku Sudan - dera la Sahelian ku West Africa chifukwa chokulitsa komanso kudula mitengo kwa mitengo. Mvula yochepetsedwa ku West Africa idzasowetsa vuto kwa dzombe mtsogolo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi dzombe amathanso kuopseza mbalame zamtunduwu zomwe zimadyedwa.

Mkhalidwe wamtundu wachilengedwe

Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu ndi wocheperako ku Kenya ndi kumpoto kwa Tanzania kunja kwanyengo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu akuchepa kwambiri, ku Sudan ndi ku Ethiopia. Malo ogawikirawa akuyandikira ma kilomita 8 miliyoni. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikuyerekezedwa ndi awiriawiri, omwe ndi 20,000 okhwima.

Kutengera ndi chidziwitso ichi, ma buzzards sakukwanira muyezo wa mitundu yodziwika. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa mbalame kukupitirirabe, njirazi sizichitika mwachangu kuti zichititse kuda nkhawa. Mitundu ya dzombe limakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri.

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