Mwina tikambirana za mbalame yozizira kwambiri - titmouse.

Ngakhale kuti mutha kukumana ndi gawo pafupifupi kulikonse, ndimatsimikizira kuti zambiri za moyo wa mbalamezi sizikudziwika kwa inu. Waulesi kwambiri kuwerenga, kumapeto kwa kanemayo.

Titmouse (Latin Paridae) ndi banja la odutsa maubweya okhala ndi mkamwa wamfupi wakuthwa komanso utoto wosiyanitsa wamutu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi chikondwerero, chomwe chimapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Africa. Mchigawo cha CIS mayiko khumi akukhala:

- Great tit (Parus yayikulu),

- chakum'mawa (Parus chaching'ono),

- wolowa tit (Lophophanes cristatus),

- wamba wa buluu (Cyanistes caeruleus),

- Blue Tit (Cyanistes cyanus),

- Moscow (Periparus ateri),

- Chida chokhala ndi bulauni (Poecile montana),

- mutu wakuda wa mutu (Poecile palustris),

- Chida chokhala ndi imvi (Poecile cinctus)

- yew tit (Poecile varius).

- chakhumi chimakhala chowonda kwambiri - chimadya pafupifupi tsiku lonse, ngakhale sichikhala ndi njala: chimasaka zonse chimodzimodzi kuti zibise nyama yake, kenako, ikakhala ndi njala, idyani. Amamuika m'matumba ake malo obisika - osadziwika, wowuma.

- Malo ochulukitsira owonjezera. Amadyetsa ngakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga mbozi za silcorm ndi hawthorn, pomwe mbalame zambiri sizimadya izi.

- Chifukwa chake, zidziwitso zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi tit zimapezeka pazochita zoyambirira zachitetezo pamtunda wa mbalame, pomwe pambali pake, zolengedwa nyenyezi zimaphatikizidwanso mndandanda wazomwe zimagwira kumwamba. Lamuloli limayambira zaka za zana la 13, pomwe mu 1328, motsogozedwa ndi a Louis of Bavaria, "ndalama yayikulu idaperekedwa kwa aliyense amene akufuna kupha chakhumi - wophatikiza wachangu kwambiri".

- Mwathunthu, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma tini, koma odziwika ku Russia - awa ndi omwe amatchedwa "matini akuluakulu". Amakhala makamaka ku Russia. Kuphatikiza pa tit yomwe ili yodziwika bwino kwambiri, mitundu ina ya titmouse imadziwikanso: tit blue, Muscovite, gait nati, ladle, ndi crsted tit.

- Matayala amasinthidwa mosavuta ndipo amasinthika. Pokhala ndi chipiriro, mutha kudyetsa ngakhale tinyama tating'onoting'ono kwambiri m'nkhalango kapena paki m'manja mwanu.

- Malinga ndi nthano yakale yaku Russia, mbalame zam'madzi-yozizira - ma tini, ma waxwings, Carduelis, jay - zimawuluka pofika Novembara 12th. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalamezi zimakhala m'nkhalangozi, ndipo nyengo yozizira yoyamba imayandikira kwa munthu. Pali chizindikiro choterocho: ngati pali tini tambiri tozungulira nyumba - dikirani kuyambanso kwa nyengo yozizira.

- Tambala wambiri ndi zisa zopanda pake. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zimadya tizilombo ndipo zimabzala, mwakutero zikukwaniritsa ntchito yofunikira yoteteza mbewu zam'minda ku nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana.

- Dzinali limatchedwa "tit" silinatuluke m'mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi. Mwa ma tini athu, nthenga za buluu zimapezeka kokha pamtundu wamtambo, kenako kokha korona. Ndipo ma tiniwo adadziwika kuti ndi nyimbo zovutikira kukumbukira momwe belu limalira: "Zin-zin!"

- Mwa zipatso zonse, ndi mtedza wocheperako wokha womwe umatha kudzikolowekera wekha mwa mtengo wowola, wowongoka. Mitundu ina yokhala ndi ma tonne imagwiritsa ntchito matumba osiyidwa.

- Mbalame zamtchire, kuphatikiza ma tini, sizingathe kudyetsedwa ndi bulawuni. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimasiyira gawo lina la zakudyazo mu tsekwe, pomwe buledi umatupa msanga ndikuyamba kuyendayenda, umatha kupha mbalame. Mkate wa rye ndi wowopsa makamaka chifukwa chofufumitsa chambiri amawonjezeramo kuposa tirigu.

- Gawo lalikulu lili ndi mayina ambiri osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake amatchedwa galu wamkulu, nyimbo yake yokoma - zinziver, ndi kuthekera kwake kudumpha mwaluso panthambi za mitengo - ziwala.

- Great tit - mbalame yochokera ku banja la titmouse. Ino ndi mbalame yowoneka bwino komanso yokongola - ali ndi kapu wakuda kumutu, masaya ake ndi oyera ngati chipale, tummy wake ndi wachikasu wowoneka bwino, kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Mchira ndi mapiko ake zimakhala ndi buluu. Kuzungulira mutu ndi pachifuwa pali mikwingwirima yakuda yowoneka bwino. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akhungu kuposa akazi. Kukula kwake, mbalameyi imakhala yofanana ndi mpheta yodziwika bwino. Kutalika kwake kumayambira 13 mpaka 17 cm, ndipo mapiko ake ali mpaka 26 cm.

- Nthawi yobala zipatso yayikulu imakhala nthawi ya Januware-February mpaka Seputembala. Kumapeto kwa dzinja, champhongo chimasankha malo okhalamo ndikuyamba kuimba nyimbo, ndikuyitanira wamkazi kuti imange chisa. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakhazikika mumalo mwa mtengo, komanso chimatha kukhala pachilichonse - pathanthwe, pakhoma la nyumbayo kapena kwina kulikonse. Zachikazi zokha zimakonzekeretsa chisa, kusankha masamba owonda, masamba a udzu womaliza, ma moss, ma cobwebs ndi zida zina. Kenako yaikaziyo imayikira mazira 5 mpaka 12 pachisa ndikuchiwakhometsa kwa milungu iwiri. Nthawi yonseyi yamphongo idyetsa mkazi. Ndipo anapiyewo akamakula, makolo onse awiri amawalandira chakudya. Pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, anapiyewo amatuluka chisa, koma kwa kanthawi amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo, ndipo amawadyetsa. Monga lamulo, mchaka chimodzi, nkhuku zimaswedwa kawiri.

- Gawo lalikulu silimapanga masheya nthawi yachisanu, koma limapeza mosavuta masheya opangidwa ndi mbalame zina ndi nyama.

- Tambala wamkuluyu adafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi wotchuka waku Sweden Karl Linnaeus mu 1758, adamupatsa dzina lachi Latin, lomwe limamasuliridwa - tit the great.

- Kuuluka kwa gawo la khumi ndi chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha momwe mungasungire mphamvu mukakhala mlengalenga. Mbalame zam'mimbawa zimawuluka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sizimawombera mapiko awo. Ndizoyenera kuwona izi mosayenda pang'ono, koma mutha kuzindikira ndi maliseche mawonekedwe akuwuluka kwa ma tini: mbalame zazing'onozi zikuwoneka kuti zikutsika, pambuyo pake, zimasunthika kangapo, zimawulukiranso kumwamba, zimafotokoza mosalekeza mlengalenga. Ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, ndikuwuluka kosayendetsa, amakwanitsa kuyendetsa mosamala pang'onopang'ono!

- Ornithologists amati ndi kuwuluka kwa titmouse, osati kambuku, crane, dokowe kapena khwangwala, chimenecho ndi chitsanzo chowoneka bwino pakugwiritsira ntchito kwachuma mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Ndiye chifukwa chake kanyumba kakang'ono kamtchete kamawuluka ndi liwiro lalikulu, koma sikawomba mapiko ake.

- Matipi amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi yozizira amaphatikizidwa mu gulu la mitengo yodutsa mitengo ndi ma pikas ndipo magulu otere amayenda kudutsa m'nkhalango kukafunafuna chakudya. Ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti mulowe gulu lokongola ngati ili, mungamve phwando losaiwalika lamiyala yamtundu waukwati, phokoso la pikas, nkhuni zodumphira m'maso komanso kulira kokweza kwa zida zamagetsi.

- A tit, titenga mbewu (mwachitsanzo, mpendadzuwa), siyesera kuyimitsa. M'malo mwake, mwa kukanikiza achene ndi dzanja kupita kunthambi, mbalameyo imalimba mwapang'onopang'ono ndi mlomo wayo ndikusenda mnofu. Komanso, ngakhale mbewu itadulidwa kale pakati, imakhwinyata chamkati, m'malo momeza chinthu chonse.

- Pokhala wowopsa, gawo lalikulu limayamba kukangana ndikusweka kwambiri. Pafupifupi phokoso lofananalo limakupangitsani mabungwe ochitira kunyumba ngati mumawawopsa

- Sayansi yazindikira kuti ali ndi chikumbutso chodabwitsa. Amakumbukiradi malo omwe adapeza chakudya. Ma Titi akuyang'ana malo onse omwe akhoza kukhala chakudya. Izi zimawathandiza kukhala othandizira kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso udzu wobzala.

-Taniyo ili ndi kufooka pang'ono - amafunika madzi abwino chaka chonse. Zowonadi, izi sizitanthauza kuti mbalame sizimwa zakumwa. Komabe, poyamba mbalamezo zimafunafuna kasupe wamadzi abwino, ndipo zikafika, zipatso zimatha kuchoka pabwalo lanu.

- Ornithologists ku Oxford University, atatha kuyesa ndikuwona, adanenapo zoona za ma tits - awiriwa ali okonzeka kupereka ngakhale chakudya kuti asagawikane wina ndi mnzake ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa. Kukhulupirika kotereku "kupezeka" kumapezeka m'mitundu yazing'ono ngati mbalame.

- Kugonana kwa dimorphism mu toto kumafotokozedwa mofooka. Zachikazi, monga lamulo, ndizopepuka pang'ono kuposa zazimuna, koma kwakukulu mitundu yawo imagwirizana. Chochititsa chidwi: mzere wakuda wautali pamimba ya mbalame mwaimuna amakula mpaka mchira, ndipo mwa akazi, m'malo mwake, umakhala wocheperako. Maulalo ang'onoang'ono amakhalanso osiyana pang'ono, ndi mitundu ya bulauni ya azitona yomwe imapezeka mu mtundu wake.

- Nthawi zambiri amakhala ansangala komanso ochezeka nthawi yakudya ndi kumaswa mazira amakhala olusa kwambiri ndikuthamangitsa alendo osawadziwa ochokera kudera lawo

- Matiti amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka 1-3.

- Masewera a tayimidwe amasanthula mosiyanasiyana zinthu kuti zikhale zotheka, kuzigwira ndi mlomo wawo ndikumva kumtunda ndi lilime lawo.

- Pulasitiki ya gawo ili posankha malo okuberekerako ingakhale chitsanzo - mu 1980s, akatswiri adalemba zolemba zamtundu wa zida mu mbiya ya mfuti ataimirira m'bwalo la Museum of Artillery pakati pa St.

- Asayansi atsimikizira kuti mitundu ina ya zipatso nthawi zina imafunidwa ndi yaying'ono, yaying'ono pang'ono (yaying'ono), koma nthawi zambiri imasungidwa yaying'ono. Atapha nsembe yake, mwachitsanzo, gawo lalikulu, amachotsa ubongo wake.

- Mbalame zimazolowera khola, sizifuna chisamaliro chapadera. Muyenera kudziwa kuti ma tepi amatha kuwononga matanthawuzo am'maselo ndi othandizira, kuwapera. China mwa izo ndi kuthekera kopeza phanga laling'ono kwambiri mu cell ndikudutsamo kuti atuluke. Chifukwa chake, nthambi zamtunduwu zimayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zambiri kuposa mbalame zina zofanana.

- M'nyengo yotentha, pafupifupi khumi amadya mbozi 300-400 patsiku, ndiye kuti, amadya chakudya chambiri patsiku monga momwe amalemera.

- Nthawi yakukhwima yokha, gululo limagawika magulu awiriawiri ndikugawana bwino gawo lodyeramo, lofanana mita pafupifupi 50.

- Britain imadziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kutsegula mabotolo amkaka ophimbidwa ndi foil osiyidwa ndi amuna amkaka pafupi ndi zitseko za nyumba ndikudya kirimu woyandama pamenepo.

- Tit Muscovite, modabwitsa momwe zimamveka, zilibe kanthu kwa Amayi Awo. Mbalamezi za m'chigawo cha Moscow, mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi zake zomwe zaperekedwa pansipa, dzina lawo ndi dera lomwe kulibe anthu. Mu mitundu yazipatso zamtunduwu, pamwamba pamutu komanso pansi pa mulomo, maula ali ndi utoto wakuda, ndikupanga mtundu wamtundu wa chigoba. "Maskovka" linali dzina la mbalamezi kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, dzinalo linasinthidwa.

Mawonekedwe

Malonda amtunduwu monga ma t-tiles atali komanso okhathamira, amayeneranso kupezedwa ku banja ili. Asayansi akudziwa kuti m'chilengedwe muli mitundu yoposa zana ya mbalame, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopanga matumba. Nthawi yomweyo, amawerengedwa kuti ndi mabatani enieni a mbalame zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mndandanda wa banja ili. Mtundu wa imvi umasiyana ndi oimira ena amtunduwu chifukwa umakhala ndi chingwe chakuda pamimba pake, ndipo crest palibe. Komanso, kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi, "kapu" wakuda, mawanga oyera ali pamasaya ake, ndipo chifuwa chake ndi chopepuka. Mimba ndiyanso yoyera, ndipo mzere wakuda umathamangira pakati.

Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Nthenga za mchira wake ndi wakuda pang'ono, ndipo misomayo imakhala ndi mfuti.

Zovala zamkati zimadziwika ngati zakuda pakati komanso zoyera m'mphepete. Chakumwa chachikulucho chimadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yoyenda mwamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Thupi lake limakhala lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo kulemera kwake pafupifupi 20 g. Mapiko a gawo limodzi amakhala ndi 25cm pafupifupi 25 cm. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi khosi, kumtunda kumadziwika ndi mthunzi wa azitona, ndipo gawo lakumbuyo limakhala lachikasu. Masaya a tit ali oyera oyera, omwe ndiwowonekera bwino. Mtundu wa maula ungasiyane kwambiri, kutengera mtundu wamitunduyi.

Zochita ndi moyo

Gawo ndi cholengedwa chokongola komanso chosangalatsa chomwe sichingakhale m'malo amodzi. Imayenda mosasunthika, ngakhale imaganiziridwa kuti ndi mbalame yosadziletsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi komwe ikukhala. Tchalitchichi chilibe mnzake amene angawonetse luntha komanso chidwi chimodzi. Gawo lili ndi miyendo yolimba koma yosasangalatsa, motero limawonetsa zodabwitsa za kuyenda, kotero ndizosangalatsa kuwona.

Mbalameyi imawonetsanso luntha lapadera pankhani ya kupulumuka, makamaka pazovuta kwambiri, ngakhale itakhala kutali ndi chisa chake. Amawalumikiza zikhadabo zake kunthambi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagona, nkusandulika chotupa. Izi mwa machitidwe ake zimathandizira titmouse kukhalabe mumikhalidwe ngakhale yozizira kwambiri yozizira.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamtundu wa titmys imakhala moyo wongokhala, ngakhale mitundu ina imakonda kusamuka nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ndipo, mosasamala mtundu wa ma tini, amaphatikizidwa pokhapokha ndi mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wokongola, wosaiwalika, mawonekedwe okondweretsa, komanso mawonekedwe awo othamanga ndi kuyimba kwapadera, kutengera kuti ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa gawo limodzi ndi mbalame ina iliyonse.

Sit imawonjezera nthawi yopitilira 1 pachaka.

Chochititsa chidwi! Monga lamulo, tinsalu timvi titha kuonedwa m'magulu awiriawiri, koma nthawi zina timasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ngati tilingalira gulu lililonse mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti kusowa kwa chakudya, chifukwa chake njira yopezera chakudya imakhala yopindulitsa ngati mbalamezo zikufuna chakudya limodzi.

Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yonse ya ma tini amaonedwa kuti ndi gulu la mbalame, lomwe limatha kutchedwa kuti gulu la malo obiriwira. Ziwalo zowononga tizilombo tambiri timavulaza, kupulumutsa malo obiriwira kuti asafe. Banja limodzi la ma tulo odyetsa ana awo limatsuka tizirombo ta mitengo 40. Mitundu ya Titmouse imalankhulana pakati pawo ndi phokoso lomwe ndilosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi kulira kwa mitundu ina ya mbalame.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Ngati munthu si katswiri, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kusiyanitsa gawo limodzi chachikazi ndi chachimuna, popeza ali pafupifupi ofanana. Koma ngati muziwayika pafupi ndikuyang'anitsitsa, zitha kudziwika kuti zazikazi zimakhala ndi mzere wocheperako komanso wamtundu womwe umakhala pafupi ndi pamimba. Zomwezi zitha kunenedwa zokhudzana ndi thupi lonse, ndiye kuti mutu wakuda ndi khosi lakuda mwaimuna ndizosiyana chifukwa chachikazi mitundu iyi imakhala m'malo amtambo wakuda. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wa khosi mwina sungakhale wopitilira, monga mtundu wa Mzere.

Mitundu ya ma Tits

Pazosankha za International Union of Ornithologists, mitundu inayi yamitundu yayikulu imatchulidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Grey tit imanena za mtunduwu, womwe umakhala ndi mitundu ingapo, yomwe mpaka pano imayimira mitundu ya titini yayikulu.
• The Great Tit (Bolshak) ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri komanso wofala kwambiri.
• ChiJapani tit (Kum'mawa) chimaphatikizanso masanjidwe angapo, omwe amasiyana chifukwa alibe kusakanikirana pafupipafupi.
• Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira.

Posachedwa, gawo lakum'mawa (la ku Japan) limawonedwa ngati imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri, koma zoyesa za asayansi ena zidatsimikiza kuti awa ndi mitundu iwiri payokha.

Malo okhala zachilengedwe

Amadziwika kuti gawo laimvi limayimiriridwa ndi magulu 13, monga:

• P.c. ambiguus, subspecies omwe amakhala pachilumba cha Malacca komanso pachilumba cha Sumatra.
• P.c. caschmirensis, wodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa imvi malo kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kukhazikika kwa malo amtunduwu kumaimiridwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Afghanistan, kumpoto kwa Pakistan ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India.
• P.c. cinereus Vieillot ndi masanjidwe omwe amagawidwa pachilumba cha Java, komanso ku zilumba za Lesser Sunda.
• P.c. decolorans Koelz amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Afghanistan, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pakistan.
• P.c. hainanus E.J.O. Hartert ndi subspecies omwe amapezeka ku Hainan Island.
• P.c. intermedius Zarudny ndi masamba oimira madera a kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Turkmenistan.
• P.c. mahrattarum E.J.O. Hartert ndi masheya omwe amagawidwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, komanso ku Sri Lanka.
• P.c. planorum E.J.O. Hartert amagawidwa kumpoto kwa India, ku Nepal, ku Bhutan, ku Bangladesh, pakati komanso kumadzulo kwa dziko la Myanmar.
• P.c. sarawacensis Slater ndi masamba omwe amapezeka pachilumba cha Kalimantan.
• P.c.stupae Koelz amapezeka kumadzulo, pakati, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India.
• c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee. Madera apakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Thailand, komanso kumwera kwa Indochina, akuimiriridwa ndi mabungwewa.
• P.c. vauriei Ripley ndi mabungwe omwe malo awo amayimilidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India.
• P.c. ziaratensis Whistler - izi zitha kupezeka kumwera ndi pakati pa Afghanistan, komanso kumadzulo kwa Pakistan.

Great tit imagawidwa pafupifupi ku Middle East, komanso ku Europe, North ndi Central Asia, kuphatikiza mbali zina za North Africa.

Chigawo chachikulucho chikuyimiriridwa ndi mabungwe 15, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo:

• P.m. raphrodite - boma lomwe limakhala kum'mwera kwa Italy, kum'mwera kwa Greece, kuzilumba zomwe zili mu Nyanja ya Aegean ndi Kupro.
• P.m. blanfordi amapezeka madera akumpoto kwa Iraq, kumpoto kwa Afghanistan, kumwera kwa zigawo zapakati za Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan.
• P.m. bokharensis - izi zikupezeka patsamba la Turkmenistan, kumpoto kwa Afghanistan, komanso kumpoto kwa zigawo zapakati pa Iran.
• P.m. makorasi. Subspecies omwe amakhala kudera la Portugal, kumwera kwa Spain ndi Corsica.
• P.m. ecki. Imapezeka ku Sardinia.
• P.m. excesus - amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, kumadzulo kwa Morocco komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tunisia.
• P.m. Ferghanensis imapezeka ku Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan komanso kumadzulo kwa China.
• P.m. kapustini imagawidwa kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskoy Alatau), kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China ndi Mongolia, ku Transbaikalia, Primorye, kuphatikizapo kumpoto, mpaka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk.
• P.m. karelini ndi subspecies yodziwika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Azerbaijan komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Iran.
• P.m. chachikulu - akuimira woimira Europe, Spain, Balkan, kumpoto kwa Italiya, Siberia, Asia Little, Caucasus, Azerbaijan.
• P.m. mallorcae ndizofala kuazilumba za Bamar.
• P.m. newtoni ndi subspecies omwe malo awo amaphatikizidwa ndi Britain Isles, Netherlands, Belgium, komanso zigawo zakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France.
• P.m. niethammeri amapezeka kuthengo Krete.
• P.m. terraesanctae, mtundu womwe umakhala madera a Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, komanso madera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Egypt.
• P.m. turkestanicus ndi masamba omwe amapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia.

Oyimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yazogwiritsira ntchito momwe amakhalira amasankha madera achilengedwe, omwe ali mkati mwa nkhalango, m'malo otseguka komanso kumapeto, komanso pafupi ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe.

Pali mitundu ingapo 9 ya Kum'mawa (Japan). Mwachitsanzo:

• P.m. amamiensis ndi subspecies omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Ryukyu Islands.
• P.m. commixtus. Kukhazikika kwa malo amtunduwu kumaimiridwa kumwera kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa Vietnam.
• P.m. dageletensis. Subs subsies yomwe imapezeka kuzilumba za Ullyndo, zomwe zili kufupi ndi Korea.
• P.m. kagoshimae. Mabungwe okhala kum'mwera kwa Kyushu ndi Goto Islands.
• P.m. zazing'ono. Imapezeka kum'mawa kwa Siberia, kumwera kwa Sakhalin, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Korea ndi Japan.
• P.m. nigriloris. Mabungwe okhala kum'mwera kwa Zilumba za Ryukyu.
• m. nubiolus - a subspecies amakhala kum'mawa kwa Myanmar, kumpoto kwa Thailand komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Indochina.
• m. okinaway - wopezeka pakatikati pa Zilumba za Ryukyu.
• P.m. tibetanus. Malo ochezera amapezeka kumwera kwa Tibet, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa Myanmar.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kumaphatikizapo gawo la Bangladesh ndi Bhutan, gawo la China ndi India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand ndi Vietnam. Mtundu wa titmouse wamtchiwu umakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso m'nkhalango zotentha, m'malo otentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha.

Zakudya

Mbalamezi zikagwira mwachangu, zimadya ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo mphutsi zake. Mbalamezi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi nkhalango zowonongera zenizeni, zimadya zambiri zovulaza. Ngakhale izi, zakudya zomwe zili m'matchulazi ndi monga:

• Makatani agulugufe.
• Akangaude.
• Cranefish ndi nsikidzi zina.
• Tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko awiri, kuphatikizapo ntchentche, udzudzu ndi midges.
• Zamoyo zokhala ndi mapiko, kuphatikizapo nsikidzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo maphempheto, ziwala ndi ma cicake, komanso njoka zazing'ono, retina, maswape, nyerere, nkhupakupa, mphero, mphero, etc. Mkazi wamtundu wina amathanso kudya njuchi atachotsa mbola. Pambuyo nyengo yachisanu, njuchi zimadyera ma bat-dwarfs - amamera omwe, pakubwera kwa masika, sakhala mafoni kwambiri ndipo amapezeka ku magulu achilengedwe awa. Matiti amadyetsa anapiye awo makamaka ndi mbozi za agulugufe, omwe kukula kwake sikupitirira 1 cm.

Kubwera kwa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, zakudya za tit zimatengera zamasamba, monga mitundu ya hazel ndi beech yachiyuda. Matiti nthawi zambiri amasamukira kukafunafuna chakudya, kupita kuminda komwe mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimakhalabe, monga chimanga, rye, oats, tirigu ndi zina.

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe chakudya chimachokera, kutengera nyengo yakukhala, ma tiniwo amadya zipatso ndi mbewu za mbewu zotsatirazi:

• Spruce ndi pine.
• Mapulo ndi linden.
• Lilacs.
• Mitengo ya Birch.
• Sorelo yamahatchi.
• Pikulnikov.
• Lopukhov.
• Redberryberry wofiira.
• Irgi.
• Phulusa laphiri.
• Blueberries
• Hemp ndi mpendadzuwa.

Mitundu yayikulu, mosiyana ndi oimira ena amtunduwu, monga Lazarevka ndi Muscovite, samapanga posungira nyengo yachisanu. Khwangwala wamtunduwu ndi mbalame zam'madzi kwambiri moti zimapeza chakudya chambiri chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina. Akatswiri ena amati gawo lalikulu limatha kudya mitundu yonse ya zovalazo.

Nthawi zambiri ma titmies amawulukira m'tawuni ndipo amayendera m'mapaki ndi malo ena omwe amadyetsa mbalame. Apa amapeza mbewu, buledi komanso zinthu zina zotsala, batala ndi mafuta anyama osafunikira. Amadzipezera okha chakudya paliponse momwe angathere, kuphatikiza pamakona a mitengo, komanso masamba obisika a mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Zosangalatsa! Tambala lalikulu limasiyanitsidwa ndi chakuti lili ndi mndandanda wazakudya zambiri. Amatha kupha mbalame zina, zazing'onoting'ono, kenako nkuloza ubongo wawo.

Tayi yayikulu imakhala ndi mlomo wolimba komanso wamphamvu, womwe mbalame imaphwanya mtedza ndi zipatso zina ndi malo olimba, isanadye zakudya zamkati. Tini zazikulu zimadziwikanso ngati zilombo, chifukwa zimadziwika kuti zimadyetsa zotsalira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Zabwino zazikulu (Bolshaki) mdziko lathu zili ndi anthu ochulukirapo. Awa ndi mbalame zazikazi zazikulu zomwe zimapanga awiriawiri, pambuyo pake zimayamba kupanga chisa. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna pamodzi akulera ana awo. Kuti akwapule zisa zawo, amasankha nkhalango, pomwe mitengo yabwino kwambiri yomwe imamera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'minda ndi m'mapaki ambiri. Magawo okhala ndi mitengo yolumikizira sikuyenera malo a mbalamezi. Chisa cha tit chitha kupezeka paliponse, kuphatikiza pazinthu zakale kapena m'maenje a mitengo yakale. Tchire nthawi zambiri limakhala zisa zakale zosiyidwa ndi mbalame zina pamtunda wamtunda wa 2 mpaka 6 mita. Matayala amatha kukhazikika mosavuta m'magulu opangidwa ndi anthu okhala ndi zisa.

Kuti adzimangire chisa, mbalame zimatola osabweretsa udzu waukulu kapena nthambi, mizu yazomera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mbewa. Mkati mwa chisa mumakhala zofewa komanso zotenthetsera, motero mbalamezo zimaphimba ndi ubweya, matebulo, thonje, fluff ndi nthenga, ndipo pakati pa chisa palibe malo ambiri omwe amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wa ubweya kapena ubweya. Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, kukula kwa chisa kumatha kukhala kosiyana, koma kumasiyana pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, miyeso yapakati yamkati yamkati imachokera ku 40 mpaka 50 mm. Poterepa, miyeso yakunja imayambira 40 mpaka 60 mm.

Nyumba yanyumba yamtunduwu imayikira mazira 15 a mazira oyera. Pamaso pa chigamba chonsecho, mawanga ndi mawanga a buluu wofiirira amakhala obalalika mwachisawawa. Zida zazikulu zimaberekana mpaka 2 pachaka. Ana oyamba amawonekera kwinakwake kumapeto kwa Epulo, ndipo chachiwiri kuzungulira pakati pa chilimwe.

Yaikazi imasamala mazira pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndipo yamphongo imadyetsa "mayi" wamtsogolo nthawi yonseyi. Anapiyewo atabadwa, azimayiwo amawawotcha ndi kutentha kwa thupi kwa masiku awiri oyambawo, popeza matupi a anapandawo sakutidwa ndi khungu la imvi.

Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imangodyetsa osati yaikazi, komanso anapiye. Pambuyo pakuwoneka kena kake ngati nthenga pa thupi la anapiye, mkaziyo amasiya chisa, ndipo amayamba kudyetsa ana amtsogolo limodzi. Munthawi yakula, anapiye amadya kwambiri, chifukwa makolo awo satha kupha tizilombo, nsikidzi, mbozi, ndi zina zotero.

Chochititsa chidwi! Nthawi yakukhwima, tini timalimbana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.

Kwina mu milungu ingapo, anapiyewo amaphimbidwa ndi nthenga ndipo ali okonzeka kudzidyetsa okha. Kwina kulikonse mkati mwa sabata, anapiyewa amakhalabe pafupi ndi chisa chawo, ndipo makolo awo akupitilabe kuwadyetsa. Nyama zokhwima kwambiri zogonana zidzayandikira chaka choyamba cha moyo wawo.

Adani Achilengedwe a Blue Tit

Matayala amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimateteza nkhalango zonse komanso zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe kuti zisadzale ndi tizilombo tambiri. Pali zinthu zingapo zachilengedwe zomwe zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mbalame zopindulitsa izi. Choyamba, anthu ambiri amafa nthawi yozizira chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Kachiwiri, pali zilombo zingapo zomwe zimadyera mbalame, kuphatikizapo tinsalu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Mpaka pano, palibe mavuto omwe akukhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya mbalamezi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kuli ambiri. Pamenepa, mbalamezi sizifunikira njira zodzitetezera kapena zoteteza, kupatula mitundu yocheperako yomwe ili pafupi kutha.

Mwachitsanzo, Mustachioed Tit (Panurus biarmicus) ndi masamba osowa komanso osaphunzira bwino, omwe amalembedwa mu Red Book limodzi ndi mbalame zina, monga Yew (Japan) tit. Omwe amathandizira izi amapezeka kokha pagawo la South Kuril Islands, chifukwa malo ocheperako.

Pomaliza

Matimu sikuti ndi zolengedwa zofunikira zokha, komanso zosangalatsa. Pali mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo ma subspecies. Pakati pawo pali ngakhale ena omwe amadzipezera okha chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipo amabisa chakudya chaka chonse, ngakhale atadyetsa ana awo. Momwe amapezera masheya awo, omwe amakhala osungunuka m'malo osiyanasiyana, samamveka m'maganizo. Matayala amapeza ma invertebrates omwe amabisala pansi pa khungwa la mitengo, atakhala paliponse, ngakhale atapendekera mutu pansi. Zingakhale zothandiza bwanji kuweruza ndi mauthenga otsatirawa: tsiku limodzi, mbalamezi zimadya tizilombo tokwana chikwi kapena mpaka mazira amodzi ndi theka. Mwanjira ina, amadya zambiri monga momwe amalemera, kapenanso kuposa.

Mwachilengedwe, nyengo yachilimwe ilibe zovuta ndi chakudya chamagulu amtundu wa buluu, chifukwa zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo amakonda zakudya za nyama, zomwe zimangokhala zambiri chilimwe. Ndi nyengo yozizira, zakudya zawo zimachepa kwambiri ndipo amayenera kusinthana kuti abzalire chakudya monga mbewu ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Munthawi imeneyi, ma toni amafika mokhalamo anthu. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kwambiri kulinganiza kudyetsa mbalame zothandiza kwambiri izi. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kumanga owonjezera odyetsa ndi kutsanulira mwa iwo mpendadzuwa mbewu kapena mkate zinyenyeswazi. Matiti amakondanso nyama yankhumba, koma simuyenera kuwapatsa mchere wambiri.

Aliyense, kuyambira paubwana, amakumbukira momwe ankawonera pawindo la nyumba yake m'nyengo yozizira momwe titmouse adasinthira mwaluso mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Amagwira njerezo ndi mlomo wake ndikuwuluka kupita mumtengomo, pomwe amawomba njingazo ndi milomo ndipo milomo yawo imaphwanya chipolopolo, mpaka kulowa mkati. Kwa ana ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Ndikofunikira kuti makolo aphunzitse ana awo kuti azikonda chilengedwe. Kuti muchite izi, sikuyenera kuchita zambiri - kupanga wodyetsa ndikuzindikiritsa pamalo owonekera. Titmouse ifika, ndipo imadyetsa pafupipafupi, makamaka nyengo yozizira.

Ngakhale m'nthawi zakale, nyumba yam'manja imakhala ngati mbalame yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zamatsenga, chifukwa imatha kutulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chamawu osiyanasiyana, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mawu ake anali aulosi, pomwe amamuwuza za tsoka kapena chisangalalo. Kuphatikiza apo, malingana ndi kuchepa kwa mawu a mbalameyi, nyengo idaloseredwa: ngati titmouse ikhalilira, ndiye kuti nyengo yadzuwa ndi yoloseredwa, ikanenedweratu, ngati ikapanga mawu ofanana ndi ma tweets, ndiye kuti kuli chisanu kwambiri.

Komabe akukhulupirira kuti kuyimba kwa nyumba yanyumba ya titmouse ndizosangalatsa, chifukwa ndichachilengedwe kuti adadziwika mu gawo la "mpheta za nyimbo".

Mbalame

Poyamba adanyamula kachidindo pa mpira, moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa kasupe, kenako adatsegula mlomo wake.

Chithunzi ichi chili pa avatar yanga

Ndazindikira kuti pali ma drake okhala ndi mutu wobiriwira komanso wabuluu

Sindikudziwa mbalame yamtundu wanji

Tili ndi nkhunda yoyera ndikubwera

Kupunthwa ndikumunda, kuukira koteroko kunkakhala nthawi yozizira, koma zipatso zambiri zimaponyedwa kuposa mafuta.

Mbalame zamzinda

Ndimakonda kuwona mbalame. Ngakhale nkhunda ndi akhwangwala wamba tili ndi zokongola zathu komanso chisomo. Zithunzi zokhala ndi miyezi yaposachedwa. Zina zinali kale, koma ndiyenera kuyikanso.

Munthu wokongola chonchi anagogoda pawindo langa m'mawa kwambiri.

Sindinazindikire kuti khwangwala ali ndi "chinjoka" chotere.

Bakha kuchokera padziwe la mzinda.

Ma bullets angapo achikasu.

Kestrel. Tsopano akufuuliranso kunja kwazenera, koma ndizovuta kumugwira pamagalasi.

Ah, ndi parrot wobiriwira.

Mabomba mazana angapo amafera pa sitima yapanyanja ku doko la Sakhalin

Mazana a mapiritsi Lolemba usiku adafika pa Vitus Bering, yomwe idayandikira pagombe la Kholmsk kumwera kwa Sakhalin. Mbalame zinadzaza malo onse ndikuyamba kufa atanyamula nthawi yolanda ndikutumiza katundu, director of the Green Sakhalin Fund Alexander Ivanov adauza TASS.

Oyendetsa sitimawo anajambula zomwe zinali kuchitikira sitimayo pama foni a kamera. Mavidiyowa afalikira pa intaneti. Kanemayo amatenga mbalame zambirimbiri. Anthu a Crew amayenera kukankhira ana agaluwo ndi miyendo kuti azungulira mozungulira.

"Mazana a mbalame adasefukira mchombo. Zowona. Ndidapita kudoko, tsopano tikufuna kulowa mkatimo, tikupeza zikalata," adatero gwero. Akuyerekeza kuti ma petrel amakopeka ndi kuwunika kwa sitimayo. Iwo adasendama pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhala pang'onopang'ono, atakhala pa tebulo ndipo atsekeredwa, chifukwa sangathe kuchoka pamtunda chifukwa cha mapiko apadera.

Ngakhale kuti panali mbalame zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuyenda mozungulira sitimayo, oyendetsa sitimawo adaganiza zoyamba kulayisha ndikutsitsa. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zambiri zidasweka. "Mutha kupulumutsa mbalamezi ngati aliyense atayambitsidwa. Ndikhulupirira kuti izi zikanayenera kuchitidwa ndi eni ake sitimatsitsa sitimayo," adatero Ivanov.

Ziphuphu zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka thupi ndi mapiko, mbalamezi zimatha kuwuluka momasuka, kuwuluka panyanja ndikuyandikana nayo. Komabe, pazifukwa zomwezi, zimawavuta kuyenda pamtunda. Ma bingu amatha kuchoka pamadzi pokhapokha ngati ndi chimphepo kapena kumapiri, mwachitsanzo, pamiyala. Nthawi zambiri mu Epulo palibe ma phale gombe la Sakhalin.