Alpaca (lat.Vicugna pacos , banja la ngamila) ndi choweta cha herbivore chomwe anthu adatha zaka 6,000 zapitazo. Mosiyana ndi ma llamas, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mafuko akale aku India ngati nyama zapaka, alpacas adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la ubweya wofunikira komanso ubweya wopangira zovala ndi nsapato zotentha.

Makolo a alpacas ndi mwina nyama zam'madzi za artiodactyl zomwe zimadya nyama. (lat.Vicugna vicugna ), wamba ku Andes, ku Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile. Kukula kwake, ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa ma guanacos (nyama zomwe zinayamba kukhala zolumikizana), koma amafanana kwambiri ndi iwo.

Chizindikiro cha vicunias, chokhacho pamtunduwu, ndizovala zazing'onoting'ono zochepa, zomwe zimakonda kukula mosalekeza (monga makoswe) m'moyo wonse wa nyama. Ziweto zam'tchire zakutchire zimakhala pamtunda wokwera mpaka 4500 - 5500 m.Mtundu wamtali ndi ulusi amathandizira kuti nyama zizikhala kumapiri ataliitali, komwe kumakhala kusintha kosiyana kwa kutentha.

Ngati kulemera kwapakati kwa vicunias ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 50, ndiye kuti mwa ana awo, alpacas, amafika 70 kg. Kukula kwa Alpaca nthawi zambiri kumaposa mita imodzi. Nyama sizoyenera kuyendera, koma mawonekedwe awo amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi pamlingo wawo. Pali mitundu iwiri yamapulogalamu ya alpacas: Suri (lat. Suri) ndi Wakaya (lat. Huacaya), yomwe imasiyana kutalika ndi kupyapyala kwa chovalacho. Suri amadziwika mosavuta ndi malaya ataliitali, okhala ndi ubweya waubweya wokhazikika pansi. Ubweya wa Wakaya siwotalika motero, umakhala wofanana ndi wowonda kwambiri. Kwa chaka chimodzi, nyama imodzi imapanga kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 6 makilogalamu a ubweya waiwisi, pomwe 1 mpaka 3 kg yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali zitha kupezeka.

Alpacas amawerengedwa pakati pa abambo ataliatali - kutalika kwa moyo wawo ndi zaka 20 - 25, nthawi yopanga imatenga zaka 14. Chiwerengero cha alpacas m'malo awo achilengedwe masiku ano ndi pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni. Nyama zimadya chomera cha herbaceous, maudzu, masamba ndi mphukira za osatha; pamafamu, masamba, zipatso ndi zina zowonjezera mchere zimawonjezeredwa ku chakudya chawo, zomwe zimakhudza bwino mtundu wa rune. Alpacas amakhala ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri kuposa nyama zina za pafamu: malo odyetserako ziweto 1 amafunika kudyetsa nyama 25. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunikira madzi abwino nthawi zonse. Mbali yachilengedwe ya nyama izi ndi kusapezeka kwa ma incisor apamwamba, pomwe amang'amba mitengoyo ndi milomo yawo.

Alpacas amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Madzulo, ali otanganidwa kutafuna chakudya. Popeza nyama amazolowera kutchire, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ana amuna ndi mtsogoleri m'modzi. Alpacas achimayi amakhala ndi ana osaposa miyezi 11. Nthawi zambiri kamwana kamodzi kamabadwa (mapasa amachitika kamodzi pa kubadwa kwa 1000), kulemera kwake komwe sikupitirira 1 kg.

Chofunika kwambiri pazachuma ndi ubweya wa alpaca. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ukhondo, zopyapyala zoonda komanso kukhazikika. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa ubweya umasiyana ndi zoyera, zonona, beige mpaka zofiirira ndi zakuda, ndipo zimakhala ndi mithunzi 52 (malinga ndi kapangidwe ka gulu ku Peru).

Ubweya wa Alpaca umagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo, chifukwa chake sungakhale wosadetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mulibe lanolin, alibe kupepuka, mphamvu, kutentha kwambiri ndi kutenthetsa madzi, malo okhala ndi hypoallergenic. Ubweya wa Alpaca umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zovala zapamwamba zapakhomo zomwe ndi zopepuka, zotsekemera zofewa ndipo zimakhala ndi zotenthetsera kwambiri (zofunda, zofunda, zopondera mabedi), nsalu, ulusi ndi zovala.

Kuphatikiza pa ubweya, khungu ndi ubweya wa nyama izi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri. Kudziwika bwino kwa nyama ya alpaca kumadziwikanso. Chochita ichi chazindikiridwa ndi akatswiri azakudya zamagulu komanso akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi kuti ndizabwino kwambiri, zathanzi komanso zakudya. 100 g ya alpaca nyama imakhala ndi 23 g ya mapuloteni komanso mafuta ochepa. Nyama imodzi yachikulire imapereka nyama mpaka 23 kg, theka lake limapangidwa kuti azikonza masoseji, nyama, masoseji.

Alpacas nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziweto. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi bata, ubwenzi, nzeru komanso kudandaula. Amatha kutenga nawo gawo pamasewera ndi ana olumala, kukulitsa kusungulumwa kwa anthu okalamba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yowathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakukhumudwa.

Kufotokozera kwa Alpaca

Camelidae yam'madzi yotereyi imabadwa ngati kubereka, kupangidwa kuti izitha kutulutsa maonekedwe owoneka ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Vicugna pacos (alpaca) imatchulidwa ngati nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zolumikizidwa kuchokera ku Vicugna vicugna (vicuna kapena vigon). Vicuna yomwe ili m'gulu lamapepala a callopod kuchokera ku banja la Camelidae (ngamira).

Mawonekedwe

Nyama zimadziwika chifukwa cha chidwi chifukwa cha corpus callosum, ndikuziyimitsa ndi phazi ndi ziboda. Malingaliro awo ali ndi mikono iwiri ali ndi zopindika zoluka zoluka, chifukwa chomwe ma alpacas amakakamizika kuyenda, kudalira phalanges zala. Chifukwa cha izi, callosities onse samapondereza msipu, monga nkhosa kapena mbuzi. Alpaca ali ndi mlomo wocheperako, wopanda mano kunsagwada, komanso zolimba zolimba (zokulira m'moyo wonse) kumunsi. Chifukwa chosowa mano apamwamba, nyama zimatulutsa nyamazo ndi milomo yawo ndikutafuna mothandizidwa ndi mano awo apambuyo.

Kusiyana pakati pa Alpaca ndi Llama

Onsewa ndi a banja la ngamila, koma alpaca amadziwika kuti ndi mbadwa yachindunji ya Vicuna, ndipo llama ndi mbadwa ya mitundu ya Guanaco. Alpaca, yemwe amakula pafupifupi mita, nthawi zambiri amakula pang'ono kuposa nkhosa, koma pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa llama. Akuluakulu alpaca amalemera makilogalamu 45-80, ndipo achikulire llama - kuchokera 90 mpaka 160 makilogalamu. Amasiyanitsidwanso ndikusintha kwa muzzle: mu llama imakhala yotalikirapo, mu alpaca - yosalala. Palibe pafupifupi tsitsi kumaso ndi mutu wa llama, pomwe alpaca imakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lophimba maso ake. Kuphatikiza apo, makutu owongoka akufanana ndi chiwonetsero cha nthochi pamutu wa llama. Alpacas ali ndi ma auricles ang'onoang'ono ndipo amawoneka ngati atatu.

Mkatikati, ubweya wopaka bwino wa llama umapangidwanso ndi undercoat yomwe sinapezeke mu mwinjiro wofewa wa alpaca. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kake ka ubweya ndi kofinya, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wodula nthawi zambiri ndi malo ocheperako. Kusiyanako kumaonedwa mu zilembo. Alpacas ochezeka samakonda kumenya, kuluma ndi kulavulira popanda chifukwa, monga momwe a llamas amachitira. Omaliza nthawi zina amachoka pagululi, pomwe alpacas amakonda kukhala m'gululo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu yonse iwiriyo imabereka, ndikupanga huarizo (oariso). Wosakanizidwa ndi womvera komanso wosavuta kuyendetsa, komabe, ilibe msana wolimba wa llama komanso tsitsi lodabwitsa la alpaca, ndipo pambali, silitha kubereka.

Ndipo yomaliza. Alpacas amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapanga kwambiri ubweya wapadera, ndichifukwa chake sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zapaketi (mosiyana ndi ma llamas). Amati ma lamas amapatsidwanso ntchito za abusa kuti amasamalire alpaca.

Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Alpaca, kapena llama, ndi nyama ya banja la ngamila. Kupaka ubweya wa alpaca, mikhalidwe yomwe imawoneka kwa ife tanthauzo la "tsitsi la ngamila" imagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Pogulitsa zovala zaubweya, ulusi wa alpaca umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi wofunika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka nsalu zotentha, m'magulu awo nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi nkhosa, koma zapamwamba kwambiri.

Zovala zaubweya zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa alpaca sikuti ndizovala zofunda zokha, ndiye, choyambirira, chizindikiro chaubwino, komanso kugogomezera pa kukoma ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola. Opanga mafashoni, kuwonjezera ubweya wa nyama yodabwitsayi kuntchito zawo, zimapangitsa zovala zaubweya kukhala zowoneka bwino, zosangalatsa kukhudza, makamaka zofunda komanso zokhazikika panthawi yovala yayitali, yomwe imaphatikiza kupepuka ndi kuchitapo kanthu, chithumwa komanso kulimba modabwitsa.

Ubweya wa Alpaca ndiwofunika. Ndipo chifukwa chake, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake (ubweya ndi wowuma kwambiri), sugwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera. Ubwino wa ubweya wa alpaca umatchulidwa kwambiri mu mitundu yosakanikirana. Zosakaniza ndi ubweya wamba kapena wa merino, zokhala ndi ulusi wochita kupanga (mwachitsanzo, ndi acrylic) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ubwino wawukulu wazinthu zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa alpaca ndikuti ma spoll samapangidwa pa iwo - ulusi wautali umalepheretsa kusungika.

Choyambirira, chimakhala chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha ubweya wake (mithunzi 24 yachilengedwe), yomwe ili ndi zinthu zonse za nkhosa, koma yopepuka kwambiri kulemera kwake. Makilogalamu 5 a ubweya ameta ubweya kuchokera kwa munthu m'modzi, amaweta kamodzi pachaka. Ulusi wa Alpaca ndi wowongoka kwambiri kuposa ubweya wa nkhosa, wopanda mafuta komanso wolemera kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Makhalidwe ofanana sapezeka mu mtundu wina uliwonse wa ubweya.

Ubweya wa Alpaca ndi wolimba katatu komanso wowonda kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa ubweya wa nkhosa. Kukhala kumapiri kumapiri, komwe kutentha kumafika madigiri 30 usana ndi usiku, alpaca imakhala ndi ubweya wotentha kuposa mitundu ina ya nyama.

Nthano zakale, nthano zodabwitsa, nthano zoseketsa komanso chuma chosawerengeka, kuphatikiza, mawonekedwe akumalo okwezeka, okongola komanso nthawi yomweyo mapiri oopsa, komanso mapiko osaloweka - zonsezi ndi Peru, imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za Alpaca.

Mitundu ya ubweya wa alpaca ndiyotakata kwathunthu, pafupifupi mithunzi 20 imatha kusiyanitsidwa - kuchokera oyera oyera, mwamwambo beige kapena siliva - mpaka bulauni komanso ngakhale lakuda. Chizindikiro cha ubweya wa alpaca ndikuti sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito naphthalene pakusungirako, chifukwa chake, zinthu zachilengedwe zokha monga lavender, fodya ndi mkungudza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antimoles.

Poyamba, alpacas adalakwitsa chifukwa cha mtundu wa llama, koma mchaka cha 2001 msonkho wamtunduwu udasinthidwa kuchoka ku Lama pacos kupita ku Vicugna pacos, pozindikira kuti makolo a alpacas anali vicunas, osati ma guanacos, makolo a nyumba zonse zamal. Chovuta pakuzindikira mtunduwu ndichakuti mamembala onse anayi a banja la ngamila omwe amapezeka ku South America amatha kubereka ana chifukwa cha mitanda ya interspecific, kotero kuti kuyezetsa kwa DNA kokha ndi komwe kungapereke yankho lolondola kuchokera koyambira kwa alpacas.

Llamas ndi alpacas pamene kubereka kumapereka ana - wharisos - osatha kubereka, koma kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa kwambiri chifukwa chake amakhala oyenera kutengera ziweto.

Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya Alpaca: Suri (Suri) ndi Huacaya (Wakaya). Nyama zimasiyana maonekedwe okha ubweya wawo.

Ubweya wa Alpaca, nthawi zambiri wamtundu wachilengedwe, ndi phale apa zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Nyama iyenso "imagunda" m'njira yoyenera. Itha kukhala yakuda, komanso mithunzi yonse ya bulauni, imvi komanso siliva, koma ulusi woyera ndiwofunika kwambiri. Kukula kwa maalubino, Peruvia amafunika thukuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina umayenera kusintha pamanja kudzera pa ulusi, ndikuchotsa utoto wina.

Anthu akumalonda amakonda zovala zonse za ubweya wa alpaca, ndipo azungu amazigwiritsa ntchito mwanjira zina zilizonse.

Zikuwoneka kuti zazing'ono kwambiri zamtundu wa alpaca, ubweya wake ndiwofewa komanso wopepuka, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa nyama zazing'ono ngati zovala zofunda, ndipo ulusi wopaka bwino ndiwofunikira ma carpets.

Ubweya wa Alpaca ndi ulusi wachilengedwe wodulidwa kuchokera ku alpaca. Itha kukhala yopepuka kapena yolemera, kutengera momwe imapotozedwera. Imakhala yofewa, yolimba, yapamwamba komanso yamtundu wa silika. Mosiyana ndi ubweya wofanana ndi uwu, ulusiwu ndiwotentha, osati prickly, ndipo ulibe lanolin, womwe umapangitsa kuti hypoongegenic. Alpaca ali ndi chilengedwe chobwezeretsa madzi. Ubweya wa Huacaya alpaca, womwe umakulidwa ndi utoto wofewa, uli ndi ma curls achilengedwe, omwe umapangitsa kuti ikhale chida cha ulusi wachilengedwe, womwe ungathe kuluka. Ubweya wa Suri alpaca ulibe ma curls ocheperako ndipo umakhala woyenera kwambiri pazinthu zopakidwa, komanso zopatsa chidwi modabwitsa. Wopanga Giorgio Armani adagwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa alpaca suri mu mafashoni amakono a amuna ndi akazi.

Zinthu zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya wa alpaca, kuchokera ku zovala zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zopangidwa kumadera akumidzi kupita kuzinthu zovuta, zamafakitale komanso zamtengo wapatali monga ma suti. Ku United States, magulu azitsamba zing'onozing'ono za alpaca agwirizana kuti apange "Fiber Cooperatives" kuti ipangitse mitengo ya alpaca fiber kutsika mtengo.

Pakapangidwe kake, ulusi wa alpaca umakhala wofanana ndi tsitsi, wosalala kwambiri. Ubweya wa Alpaca ndi wofanana ndi ulusi wa ubweya wa merino, koma ulusi wa alpaca nthawi zambiri umakhala wolimba kuposa ulusi waubweya. Bowo chidendene chomwe chimapezeka pachala chakumaso kapena kumapeto kwa thukuta la ubweya sichiwoneka ngati chovala chofanana ndi cha alpaca. Mukapotoza ulusiwo pamodzi, mphamvu zimawonjezeka kangapo. Kupotoza mosamala ndikofunikira, makamaka kwa suri alpaca, popeza ulusi wake umakhala wowala, koma izi zitha kuchepetsa kufewa kwa ulusi.

Alpaca ali ndi chovala chochepa thupi komanso chopepuka. Sisunga madzi, imakhala yotentha ngakhale ikanyowa ndipo imatha kupirira kupendekeka kwa dzuwa. Makhalidwewa amatsimikizira nyama chikhoto chomwe chimakhala chosasintha komanso choyenera nyengo iliyonse kuthana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Fotayi imapereka chitetezo chofanana kwa anthu.

Alpaca fiber ilinso ndi ma micropcopic airbags omwe amathandizira kuti apange zovala zopepuka, komanso zovala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maselo apakati pakatikati pa fayilo amatha kugwira ntchito kapena kutha, ndikupanga matumba am'mlengalenga omwe amalimbikitsa kudzipatula. Ubweya umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku alpaca kupita ku alpaca, ndipo ena amatha kukhala ndi ulusi wina wa myelinated (fluffy) poyerekeza ndi ubweya ngakhalenso mohair. Izi zitha kukhala zosafunika. Zingwe za Myelated zimatha kutenga utoto wocheperako, kumakhala kunja zovala zomalizidwa, komanso kufooka.

Fiber yabwino ya alpaca iyenera kukhala mainchesi 18 mpaka 25 mainchesi. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku ubweya wa alpaca wokhala ndi mainchesi ang'ono, chifukwa chake ndizokwera mtengo. M'lifupi mwake fiber imakula ndi zaka mu alpacas, m'lifupi mwake michere imakulitsidwa kuchokera ku 1 μm ndi 5 μm pachaka. Cholinga cha izi ndi kudya nyama yambiri, ndipo ngati mungamwe michere yambiri, nyamayo singanenepe, ndipo ulusiwo umakhala wonenepa. Ubweya uliwonse wa alpaca wopitilira 34 ma micrometer umatchulidwa kuti ubweya wa llama.

Monga nyama zonse zofunika pankhani ya ubweya, mtundu wa mafutawo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku nyama kupita ku nyama, ndipo tsitsi la ma alpacas ena silabwino kwenikweni. Khwalala la fiber ndi kupirira ndizo zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pakuwona kufunika kwa alpacas.

Alpacas amabwera mosiyanasiyana kuyambira buluu mpaka wakuda, wakuda, bulauni, bulauni, siliva mpaka imvi, pinki ndi imvi. Komabe, zoyera zimapambana, chifukwa cha izi ndikusankha: Zovala zoyera zimatha kupakidwa utoto utoto utoto. Ku South America, zoyera ndizokondedwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malaya abwinoko kuposa nyama zakuda. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu yakuda sinali yotchuka ndi obereketsa. Masiku ano, obereketsa akugwira ntchito molimbika kuswana nyama zakuda bii, ndipo apita patsogolo kwambiri mzaka zisanu zapitazo.

Njira zakukonzekera, kuphatikiza, kuluka, ndikumaliza ntchito ndi ubweya wa alpaca ndizofanana kwambiri ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ubweya wa nkhosa.

Alpacas akhala akuberekera ku South America kwa zaka zana limodzi. Ma Vicuñas (monga amatchulidwira pamenepo) adayamba kukhala ndi malo ogona ndi odulidwa ndi mafuko akale Andean ku Peru, Argentina, Chile ndi Bolivia. Alpacas yatumizidwanso kunja kwa mayiko ena zaka zaposachedwa.M'mayiko monga USA, Australia ndi New Zealand, obereketsa amadula ziweto zawo pachaka, kuyeza ubweya ndi kuwona kuyera kwake. Chifukwa cha chidziwitso chomwe apeza, amatha kubereka nyama ndi zokulemera komanso zopota bwino. Kulemera kwa masoka kumasiyana kuchokera ku alpaca iliyonse, ndikotheka kudula mochuluka momwe mungathere kuyambira wamwamuna mpaka 7 kg wa ubweya, womwe 3 kg ndi ulusi wabwino kwambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi cha zovala za alpaca fiber chawonjezeka, ndipo mwina mwanjira ina chifukwa kuswana kwa alpaca sikuwononga zachilengedwe moyenera. Okonda zamasewera amadziwa kuti zopangidwa ndi alpaca ndizopepuka komanso zotentha, zimakhala bwino kwambiri nyengo yozizira, motero opanga zovala ndi zovala zakunja ayamba kugula zinthu zambiri za alpaca. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza a alpaca ndi ubweya wa merino ndikodziwika bwino kwa makampani opanga ma fiber kuti athandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wa zomaliza.

Mu Disembala 2006, Mgwirizano Wonse wa United Nations udalengeza chaka cha 2009 Chaka Cha Zachilengedwe Pazinthu zadziko kuti zithandizire kufunikira kwa alpaca ndi ulusi wina wachilengedwe.

Ubweya

Alpaca ali ndi ubweya wofewa wautali wopendekeka m'mbali mwa 15-20 masentimita, womwe umamveka, nsalu kapena ulusi. Nyama zimametedwa chimodzimodzi ndi nkhosa, koma zimakhala ndi ubweya wowirikiza katatu komanso kutentha maulendo 7 kuposa nkhosa. Utoto wautoto umaphatikizapo zoposa 52 (!) Mithunzi yachilengedwe, yotchuka kwambiri (koma yosowa kwambiri) pakati yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyoyera, chifukwa ndiosavuta kuyika.

Thonje la albino likufunika kwambiri ndipo likugulitsidwa mtengo kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake ma alpacas oyera pakubala amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri. Ubweya wochotsa ubweya wa nyama zazing'ono ndizofunika kwambiri, ngakhale ndizofunikira zochepa (mpaka 1 kg mu zaka 2). Zambiri, alpaca wamkulu amapereka pafupifupi 5 kg.

Zambiri za ubweya wa alpaca:

• mulibe lanolin (mafuta alipo mu ubweya wa nkhosa),
• hypoallergenic (nthata za fumbi siziyambira mmenemu),
• Tsitsi ndi lofewa ndipo silimayenda ngati la nkhosa,
• kugonjetsedwa ndi kuipitsa kwakunja
• kuwala kwambiri
• sichotsa chinyezi bwino.

Makhalidwe onsewa palimodzi amatembenuza ubweya wa alpaca kukhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali, chomwe zotuluka zake ndizothandiza, zowala, zoyera, zomasuka komanso zolimba.

Zofunika! Makatoni, zopondera ndi zofunda zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa alpaca sizimataya kuyera kwawo kwanthawi yayitali. Zovala zowoneka bwino komanso zopangidwa ndi kalembedwe "Alpaca" sizimazirala, osatulutsa, otentha nyengo yozizira komanso ozizira kutentha.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthu akuwonjezeranso kugula zinthu, osalabadira mtengo wawo.

Moyo wachilengedwe

Alpacas amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala amphongo wamwamuna m'modzi ndi akazi 4-10. Banja lili ndi utsogoleri wolimba womwe umakanidwa ndi amuna wakunja ndi kulimbana kwamkati kwa anthu otchuka. Nyama zimadzuka masana ndikupumira usiku: panthawiyi zikugaya chakudya chochuluka masana. Kuti mulumikizane ndi abale a alpaca, thupi limagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza makutu, kutembenuza khosi ndi malo a thupi.

Mamembala a gulu amalolera kulozerana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakwiya. Monga lamulo, amathawa ngozi. Ngakhale amazolowera mapiri, ma alpacas (mosiyana ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri) amatha kudyera kokha m'malo otetezeka okhala ndi malo akuluakulu. Kupulumuka muzovuta nyengo zakumtunda (ndikutentha kwa madigiri 30) zimaperekedwa ndi zozizwitsa za ubweya, komanso kapangidwe ka maselo ofiira amwazi. Monga callosus ena, maselo ofiira a alpaca samakhala ozungulira, koma owzungulira, kotero alipo ambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, nyama zimapumira mosavuta ngakhale ndi mpweya wochepa thupi.

Alpaca ndi munthu

Ali mu ukapolo, alpacas amawazolowera anthu, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo abwino - chidwi, mtendere, manyazi ndi chithumwa. Potengera mawonekedwe, ali ngati amphaka, akamayandikira munthu kutengera zilako lako. Monga ngamila zonse, ma alpacas nthawi zambiri amalavulira, koma amazichita kangapo kuposa llamas, ndipo kawirikawiri, ngati kuli koyenera, amadzimasulira ku asidi osasangalatsa am'mimba.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mabala amathandizidwa makamaka kwa abale omwe ali m'gululo ndipo kawirikawiri sawagwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu opanda chisoni. Akazi ochita kusangalatsa "amawombera" ndi malovu kuchokera kwa amuna achisoni owazungulira.

Mwambiri, alpacas ndi zolengedwa zanzeru komanso zoyera zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi zofunikira zimbudzi zapagulu (zomwe zili ndi minda). Nyama zimakonda madzi, pomwe zimakonda kusokonekera, kusamba kapena kungonama. Nthawi ndi nthawi amapanga mawu oseketsa omwe amawoneka ngati nkhosa yokhala chete ikutuluka. Alpaca omwe adathawa adawonetsa kuwopsa kwa Incas, pambuyo pake kunayenera kubwezeretsa kuukira kwa wolusa kapena kulowa nawo artiodactyl. Masiku ano, alpacas amatenga nawo gawo limodzi mu magawo azithandizo za nyama kapena nyama, zimakhudza bwino ana ndi akulu.

Kodi alpacas amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Malinga ndi malipoti ena, nyama zocheperako zokha, zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'mapiri, zimakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 20-25. Kunyumba kwa alpacas komwe pamafamu, nthawi yochepetsetsa imachepetsedwa katatu - mpaka zaka 7 (zambiri zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe).

Mitundu ya Alpaca

Zoweta zinabala mitundu iwiri yosiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe / kapangidwe ka rune - Huacaya (Wakaya) ndi Suri (Suri). Popeza mtundu woyamba umapezeka kwambiri, ndi Huacaya womwe umadziwika kuti alpaca. Wakaya amakhala ndi chovala chachifupi, chomwe tsitsi limakulirakulira khungu, kupatsa nyama mawonekedwe azoseweretsa.

Suri yokhala ndi ubweya wake wautali wopepuka m'munsi mwa mabowula ndi mtundu umodzi (5% kapena mutu 3,000) ndipo ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri (kawiri mtengo kuposa Wakaya) mitundu ya alpaca. Unali ubweya wa Suri womwe nthawi ina unkapita kukavala zovala za anthu ovala korona. Fleece Suri (moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa Wakaya) amawoneka wonenepa komanso wowonjezera. Ilibe tsitsi lakunja lomwe limachepetsa ubweya, koma pali tsitsi lowonda (19-25 ma microns) okhala ndi malekezero pang'ono.

Habitat, malo okhala

Amwenye a ku Peru anayamba kuthana ndi mizimu ya makolo zaka pafupifupi 6,000 zapitazo. Malinga ndi nthano, chikopa cha nyama (momwe ngakhale manyowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta), idalandira dzina loti "milungu ya milungu".

Ndipo munthawi yathu ino, alpaca, omwe ambiri amakhala ku Peru, amakhalabe gwero lofunika la ndalama kwa amwenye amakono. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimakhala kumpoto kwa Chile, Ecuador, kumadzulo kwa Bolivia ndi Argentina. Ziweto za Alpaca zimayendayenda m'mapiri a Peru (800 m pamtunda wa nyanja) ndikudya msipu wa mapiri a Andes (pamalo okwera mamilimita 3.5-5.0), kufikira malire ndi matalala okhala ndi masamba ochepa.

Zakudya za Alpaca

Palibe chosiyana ndi chakudya cha mahatchi - ma alpacas ndi osasamala ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhutira ndi udzu wachichepere. Pa ekala imodzi, 6-10 nyama zimatha kudya.

Zosankha nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

Mukuyang'ana mbewu zatsopano komanso zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, ma artiodactyl amayang'anitsitsa mapiliwo ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, gululo limasamukira kumalo ena achonde. Alimi olemera nthawi zambiri amalemeretsa msipu wake pobzala clover kapena alfalfa mu meadows, komanso kuwonjezera mchere ndi udzu muzakudya za alpaca.

Mukamadyetsa, mfundo zingapo ziyenera kuonedwa:

• msipu wopanda udzu wapoizoni,
• nsipu wabwino kwambiri (wokhala ndi mapuloteni),
• mlingo woyenera wa michere
• majeremusi komanso mavitamini othandizira (kamodzi pamwezi),
• mwayi wopanda madzi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chomwe chimatsimikizidwa mu chakudya chimakhala pa udzu / udzu, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa tsiku lililonse ndizochepa - 1.5 makilogalamu pa 55 kg yolemera omwe. Akuti chaka chimodzi alpaca amadya msipu pafupifupi 500 kg. Kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake ka zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa kumadaliranso zaka (akulu kapena akulu), jenda, pakati ndi mkaka wa m`mawere.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Nyengo yakukhwima kwa Alpaca ilibe malire ndipo imatha chaka chonse. Mtsogoleriyo amadzaza akazi onse okhwima pantchito aakazi ake. Nthawi zina amayi amaphatikizidwa kukhala ng'ombe zazikulu, zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano yoopsa pakati pa amuna.

Kubala alpaca muukapolo kumayendetsedwa ndi anthu, kupangira nyama za akazi okhaokha m'malo obisika komanso kulola amuna odalirika kwambiri kukhala ndi amuna.

Akazi sakhala achonde kwambiri komanso samakonda kutenga pathupi, koma ali ndi chidwi chokhala ndi pakati nthawi iliyonse pachaka kapena tsiku, popeza kuvunda kumachitika ndikulumikizana kulikonse ndi kwamphongo. Wamkazi amakhala wokonzeka kugona nthawi yomweyo akangobadwa, koma, modabwitsa, ana amabadwa pafupifupi kamodzi zaka ziwiri.

Mimbayo imatenga miyezi 11, itafika pachimake pakubadwa kwa mwana yemwe, pambuyo pa ola limodzi, amayenda motsimikiza. Alpaca wobadwa kumene umalemera 1 kg, koma akulemera msanga, amafikira 30 makilogalamu ndi miyezi 9 (nthawi zambiri amayi amasiya kumudyetsa mkaka). Kukula kwakuthupi kwamthupi kumapitilira mpaka chaka chachitatu cha moyo, ndipo ntchito za alpacas "zimadzuka" patatha zaka ziwiri.

Adani achilengedwe

Adani akuluakulu a callopods makamaka ndi cougars akuluakulu ndi nyalugwe. Alpacas amalimbana ndi zilombo zazing'ono, kukhazikitsa kutsogolo kwawo ndi zida zawo zosayina, kulavulira. Podzitchinjiriza, nyama zimapanga mawu kumachenjeza abwenzi awo za ngozi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Othandizira zinyama amakhulupirira kuti palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kukhalapo kwa alpaca, chifukwa chake sichinalembedwe mu International Red Book.

Zofunika! Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ndi malamulo azachilengedwe a Peru oletsa kutumiza ndi kupha alpaca kunja. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, anthu ake a ku Peru alipo oposa mamiliyoni atatu (88% ya anthu padziko lapansi).

Kuyeseza mobwerezabwereza kuyambitsa nyama kuthengo (kunja kwa South America) kwalephera, koma amakugulitsa bwino pamafamu / malo ogulitsa ku Australia (nyama zopitilira 60), Europe ndi USA. Alpaca adawonekeranso ku Russia: chachikazi chitha kugulidwa ndi $ 13,000, champhongo ndi $ 9,000.