Kwa anthu ambiri, makoswe ndi alendo osafunikira m'nyumba. Koma ku China, akhoza kukhala chakudya chabwino patebulo. Makoswe a bamboo aku China (Rhizomys), omwe amadziwika kuti ndiwotengera mafuta a coronavirus, akhala zaka zambiri akhala chakudya chosaka mdziko muno ndipo amakhala ndi nyama yodyetsa thanzi.

Anagulitsidwa ndi alimi zikwizikwi, ophika anawakonzera njira zambiri, ndipo maukonde adagawana "zifukwa zana zodya" mpaka mliriwo utasiya kuchita malonda.

Makoswe a bamboo amadziwika chifukwa cha matupi awo amapindika komanso masaya. Mitundu yamtchireyi yodyetsa nsungwi imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 45 m'litali ndi kulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu asanu. Amakhulupirira kuti achi China adawadyera mokhazikika mu ulamuliro wa Zhou (zaka za 1046-256. BC. E.).

Malinga ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China, nyama yawo imatha kutsuka poizoni ndikuthandizira ntchito zam'mimba ndi ndulu. Phindu lodziwikiratu la nyama ya makoswe awa limadziwika mu bukhu lakale lachipatala laku China la Ben Cao Gang Mu, lolemba ndi katswiri wazamankhwala wotchuka komanso dokotala Li Shizhen m'zaka za zana la 16. Bukuli limafotokoza nyamazo ngati "makoswe okhala ndi kalulu omwe ambiri amadya ndi kulawa ngati bakha."

Kutchuka kwa makoswe a bamboo ku China kudasefukira mchaka cha 2018 pomwe achinyamata awiri ochokera ku Chigawo cha Jiangxi adayamba kujambula mavidiyo amomwe amapangira nyama izi. Alimi aku China adalipira kale nyama zamtchire izi mu 1990s, koma abale a Hua Nong atangoonekera adakhala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chakudya masiku ambiri.

Abale a Hua Nong adabwera ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zodya makoswe a bamboo, ndikuwonetsanso omvera momwe angawaphe ndikuphika. Makanema awo adatchuka kwambiri kotero kuti mu 2018, pa Weibo, mnzake waku China ku Twitter, mutu womwe umatchedwa "100 Zifukwa Zambiri Zodyera Bamboo Rats" unafalikira.

Patsamba lina la ulendowu, pali mitundu 30 ya kuphika nyama ya makoswe a bamboo - kuyambira pakupanga mpaka poto yokoka ndi kuiphika msuzi. Zolemba pabwaloli zimanena kuti makoswewa ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndipo amatha kupangitsa kuti omwe amadya azikongola kwambiri.

Chiyambire kufalikira kwa coronavirus ku Wuhan mu Disembala, asayansi akhala akuyesera kuti adziwe komwe kachilombo kameneka kamakhala, ndipo akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti SARS-CoV-2 idasinthidwa kwa anthu kuchokera ku nyama zakuthengo. Ngakhale sakudziwika kwenikweni komwe kachilombo kamadziwika, Dr. Zhong Nanshan, katswiri wofalitsa matenda ku China, adati mu Januwale kuti kufalikira kumeneku kungakhale kofanana ndi kudya makoswe a bamboo kapena ma badger. Akatswiri ena amatcha mileme, njoka, kapena ma papoins.

Anthu aku China adabzala RATS yayikulu ya nyama yawo "yopatsa thanzi" - asadaletsedwe chifukwa cha ma coronavirushttps: //t.co/S25Kb2N9fN

Mu february, komiti yayikulu yaku China idaletsa kwakanthawi kugulitsa ndi kumwa nyama zamtchire chifukwa cha zovuta zaumoyo. Panthawiyo, mafamu osiyanasiyana aku China anali ndi makoswe pafupifupi 25 miliyoni, makamaka kum'mwera kwa dzikolo, monga Guangxi ndi Guangdong, komwe anthu amderali amakonda nyama yachilendo. Tsopano chitukuko cha bizinesi iyi ndi funso lalikulu.

Dr. Peter Lee adati pafupifupi 10% ya makoswe a bamboo akasankhidwa ndikuphedwa posachedwa. Adatsutsa phindu lodya nyama yawo, nkumawatcha kuti "olingalira" othandizira malingaliro otsutsana ndi sayansi. Dr. Li adapempha boma la China kuti lithandizire alimi kusinthana ndi "njira zachikhalidwe zambiri zotetezera ndalama zawo, monga bowa wolima."

China idaganizirabe ngati oletsa kusinthanitsa ndi kumwa nyama zamtchire ndi lamulo lokhalitsa, komanso mitundu yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Komabe, malinga ndi a Y Yong, mlembi wamkulu wa China Biodiversity and Green Development Fund, mwayi woti makoswe a bamboo abwezeretsedwe patebulo yodyera ndi wotsika.

Dziwani chifukwa chake matumba apulasitiki adaloledwa ku San Francisco koyamba pazaka 13 poletsa matumba osinthika.

"Ndili ndi zaka 10 komanso ndasudzulidwa." Ukwati wa mwana ndi chiyani

Makoswe akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Makoswe ndi mtundu waukulu wa zinyama. Oimira ena amakonda kukhala kutali ndi komwe anthu amakhala; ena, m'malo mwake, amakhala pafupi ndi anthu.

Kukula kopitilira mpikisano - chimphona chachikulu cha Papuan, chomwe chapezedwa posachedwa pachilumba cha Papua, ku New Guinea.

Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mita 1, mchira - 30 cm. Nyama sizinakumanepo ndi anthu, chifukwa chake siziwopa. Masiku ano, makoswe akuphunziridwa ndi asayansi.

Makoswe akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mitundu ingapo.

Reed rat

Nyamayi imakhala yofala ku Africa. Tisanapeze tambala wa Papuan, bangoyo linali mtsogoleri mu ukulu ndi kulemera. Kutalika kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi 60 cm, mchirawo ndi 26 cm. Khola lalikulu limatha kulemera mpaka 9 kg.

M'mawonekedwe, makulidwe amafanana ndi nutria: mutu wake ndi wamkulu ndi maso ang'ono, miyendo yolimba imatha ndi zibwano zamphamvu, makutu ndi ozungulira, tsitsi limakhala lolimba, lofanana ndi bristles.

Kholo limakhala m'ma dambo, mabango, komwe adatchulako dzina. Nyama zimasambira bwino, zimakhala m'mabowo omwe amadzimanga okha.

Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya: chimanga, zinanazi, nzimbe, chinangwa. Ndiye chifukwa chake muulimi amatchulidwa kuti tizirombo. Anthu okhala ku Africa kuno amadya nyama ya ndudu kuti adye, amagwiritsa ntchito kuphika zakudya zabwino.

Matupi a bamboo

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya banja la Slepyshov. Fikirani masentimita 48 m'litali, ndi mchira wa 15 cm.ogawidwa ku Thailand ndi mayiko a Asia.

Mothandizidwa ndi mano amphamvu ndi zibwano, makoswe akuluakulu amapanga mosavuta burashi zamkati, komwe amakhala. Amakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala - nsapato za bamboo. Zomwe mumakonda ndizomwe zimayambira, mizu, mbewu za bamboo, ndi zipatso.

Potazi

Makoswe osiyanasiyana a kangaroo, amafika mpaka 41 cm. Zimapezeka kuzilumba za Tasmania, ku Australia. Thukuta limasunthira miyendo yakumbuyo, ndikudumphira, motero, limafanana ndi kangaroo, koma yaying'ono.

Pofunafuna chakudya, makoswe akuthambo awa amatuluka usiku, masana amakonda kumasuka. Kudya kwa makoswe kumakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba, bowa ndi tizilombo. Akazi kwa miyezi 4 amakhala atanyamula tiana m'matumbo awo. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyama ndi tsitsi lalitali pamchira.

Makulidwe akulu amtundu, pasuk

Izi ndizofala m'dziko lathu. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama zazikulu kumafika 40 cm, mchira umakhala wocheperako 2. Zodzikongoletsera zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Pazinyumba, amakumba zitsime zakuya pansi m'nthaka.

Khola lalikulu limabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa limakonda nyengo yachisanu muzinyumba zamafamu kapena m'nyumba za anthu.

Pasyuki - olusa, amadya zakudya za nyama ndi zomera. Nthawi ndi nthawi amazunza anthu ndi ziweto. Kulumwa ndizowopsa kuumoyo, chifukwa tizirombo timanyamula matenda oopsa.

Chingwe cha Turkestan

Zimapezeka pagawo la India, Tashkent, mizere ya Turkestan, Central Asia, mapiri a Tien Shan. Amakonzekeretsa mapiri kapena nkhalango ndi malo ozizira komanso otentha kwambiri.

Makoswe akuluakulu akuthengo amakula mpaka 25 cm, kutalika kwa mchirawo kuli pafupifupi ofanana, masentimita angapo. Maonekedwe a makoswewo ndi apakatikati pakati pa khoswe wakuda ndi njuchi.

Tambala wa Turkestan amadya kwambiri pamitundu. Chapakatikati - anyezi ndi mbewu zosapendekeka, nthawi yotentha - ndi mphukira zamasamba, m'dzinja - ndi zipatso, mbewu, walnuts. Pali nthawi zina pamene nyama zinkadya nyongolotsi, anapiye ndi mazira, ma mollusks, ndi makoko ang'onoang'ono.

Mitundu yotsatidwa imakhala kuthengo, ina imadzaza nyumba za anthu ndi nyumba zina, zimawononga mbewuyo, ndikuwononga kwambiri ulimi.

Makoswe akulu kwambiri amzindawo

M'madera akumatauni, moyo wa makoswe umagwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri, tizirombo timakhala m'zipinda zapansi komanso nyumba zotsika. Kuchuluka kwa anthu, nyamazo zimalowa m'munsi, mpaka zimafikira m'chipinda chapansi.

M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimakhala ndi zotchinga zomangidwa m'malo otseguka.: m'mapaki, m'minda, kapinga ndi malo ena. Ndikayamba nyengo yozizira, makoswe amayandikira kutentha ndi chakudya - kumalo okhalamo anthu, nyumba zapafamu.

Makoswe akuluakulu amzindawo ndi akuda ndi pasyuki, koma siofala kulikonse, koma kokha komwe kuli madzi ndi chakudya chokwanira. Pakusowa chakudya, makoswe amatha kuchoka pachisa cha 3 km.

M'nyumba, nyama zimalowa ming'alu kapena chiwonongeko - zolowera, kulumikizana momasuka, zitseko, mafelemu owonongeka. Nthawi zina makoswe amasuntha mapaipi osowa, amalowa ndikuchoka mnyumbayo kudzera kuchimbudzi.

Nyama zimakonda kukhala usiku kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Masana amabisala kwa anthu, kukhala zisa kapena malo okhala. Moyo wamakutu a imvi umalumikizana kwambiri ndi nyumba yawo. Pano amapeza chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani, kubisala pazovuta, komanso kudyetsa ana.

Pazinyumba, nyama zimakumba ma dothi mpaka 60 cm, kutalika konse kwa malo osungirako pansi pamtunda kumatha kufika 2 - 5. Mphete zimamanga zisa pansi pazitunda, pakati pazotunga chakudya, zinyalala zomanga kapena zomangira m'makoma, pansi.

Nyama zimatha kukhala gawo la nyumba imodzi osasamukira kumalo ena. Kubwezeretsanso nyumba kumachitika pakakonzedwa kwakukulu, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba. Nthawi yomweyo, sizipita kutali, zimadzaza nyumba zoyandikana ndi mtunda wa 300 - 400. Ngati zingafunike, zimatha kuwalitsa makilomita angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zizigawidwa kwambiri.

Pasyuk amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, m'magulu kapena m'mabanja, kuchokera pa anthu 5 mpaka 15. Iliyonse ya iwo amakhala m'chigawo chake, chomwe ndi 50 m². Mderali, nyama zimapeza chilichonse chofunikira kukhalamo: pogona, chakudya, madzi. Malire a makondawo amalembedwa ndi mkodzo wawo. Patsamba losankhidwa, makoswe amakonzekeretsa maboti, zisa, ndi njira zosunthira.

Chiwerengero cha nyama zomwe zimakhala mnyumba zogona zimasintha ndikusintha kwa nyengo. Chapakatikati, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kukula kwachichepere, nthawi yophukira - chifukwa cha kubwera kwa anthu ochokera kumagulu ena ndi masitayilo amvula.

Makoswe akuluakulu kwambiri ku Russia

Nyama zimapezeka kulikonse m'dziko lathu: zachilengedwe, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.

Mwa mitundu yamtchire yomwe yapezeka:

• imvi
• zakuda
• Turkestan, ofiira.

Ku Russia, khoswe wamkulu kwambiri, pasuk, amakula mpaka 25 cm, kupatula kutalika kwa mchira. Mwanjira iyi, kulemera kumafikira 400 g, nthawi zina pamakhala anthu mpaka 500 g. Akuda ndi otsika pang'ono kwa imvi, kukula kwake kumafika 18 - 22 cm, ndipo masekeli 300 g. Aang'ono kwambiri ndi mutu wa Turkestan. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 17 - 21 cm, kulemera - 280 g.

Pali nthano zina zakuti masinthidwe akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'mazomera am'madzi, komanso pakati pa anthu okhala ndi zimbudzi, omwe amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi. Makulu awo amafananizidwa ndi amphaka akuluakulu. Koma izi sizinalandire chitsimikiziro chovomerezeka.

Madalaivala a metro ku Moscow amakonda kuopseza ena ndi nkhani zowopsa za makoswe akuluakulu okhala pansi panthaka. Nyama izi, pafupifupi kukula kwa galu wamkulu, zimakhala ndi maso ofiira kapena obiriwira omwe amayaka ndi kuwala kwina. Zinyama zam'madzi zimakhala zowopsa modabwitsa, sizikhala ndi ziphe ndi ziphe.

Nkhani zovutitsa sizimapeza chitsimikizo chenicheni. Zazikulu kwambiri ku Russia ndi pasyuki wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40, ndipo popanda mchira - 25 cm. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nkhani zonse zokhudza makoswe akuluakulu sizongopeka chabe.

Pasyuki amadya chakudya chotsalira pamapayipi, amatha kudya chomera ndi nyama. Kuwukira kwa makoswe kumawopsa anthu ambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi zinthu, machitidwe ankhanza, komanso zinthu zambiri zowopsa zomwe nyama izi zimavutika nazo.

Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa Pasyuk ndiye khoswe wakuda, yemwe amasankha kukhazikika m'chipinda chofewa, m'malo otentha ofunda. Kutalika kwa nyama ya chinyama chachikulu ndi 22 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikuposa 300 g Nyama zonse ziwiri sizingafanane ndi kukula ndi mphaka kapena galu, chifukwa chake nkhani zonse zakulimbana ndi makoswe akuluakulu zimayambitsa chisokonezo chokha.

Makoswe akuluakulu abwinowa

Ambiri okhala ku Russia ali ndi makoswe kunyumba, powaganiza kuti ndi anzeru komanso okongola. Nyama zimawonetsedwa mu laboteri yokhazikika, chifukwa chake, sizikuwopseza thanzi. Mitundu yokongoletsera imayang'ana pakulankhulana ndi munthu, wophatikizidwa ndi mbuye wawo.

Kutengera ndi kubereka, kukula kwa nyamazo kumafika 20 cm, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 350. Anthu akuluakulu amapezeka, akufika kulemera koposa 500. Koma mbiri yotereyi ndi chifukwa cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso ndikukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri mu nyama.

Mitundu ikuluikulu ikuphatikiza:

1. Zoyimira. Mtunduwu wafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 30 cm, kulemera - mpaka 500 g. Ngakhale kuli kopatsa chidwi, mawonekedwe a nyama amakhala odekha, amtendere. Amakhala onyozeka chakudya, osaluma mbuye wawo. Kuyenda mumsewu ndi nthumwi za mtundu wa Standard sikwaphweka. Nyama yayikulu imayambitsa mantha ndi kusamvana pakati pa odutsapo. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi.
2. Chingwe chachikulu cha bulauni. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu umaleredwa kunyumba, anthu akuluakulu amafika 20cm kutalika, osaposa magilogalamu 150. Makoswe amakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, motero ndikwabwino kuti anthu azisamala azitengera mitundu ina.

Makoswe omwe afalikira padziko lonse lapansi amatha kukhala tizirombo owopsa kapena ziweto zokongola. Pakati pa oimira banja la mbewa pali oimira akulu omwe angawope anthu owoneka bwino ndi kukula kwawo. Pa gawo la dziko lathu, makoswe akulu kwambiri ndi imvi, yakuda, Turkestan.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani. Tidzakonza, ndipo mudzakhala ndi + karma

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Mtengo wa bamboo

Amakhulupirira kuti makoswewa adachokera ku Asia. Amayamba kuwonekera zakale kumapeto kwa Paleocene komanso ku Eocene koyambirira kwa Asia ndi North America, zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 54 zapitazo. Nyama zoyambirirazo zimachokera ku makolo akale otchedwa anagalids (Anagalida), pomwe amachokera lagomorphs (lagomorpha) gulu lachiwerewere.

Zizindikiro zakunja za nguli ya ku Itiyopiya

Makoswe a bamboo aku Ethiopia amafika masentimita 16.5 -18. Mchira 5 -15 cm.

Chingwe cha bamboo waku Itiyopiya (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus)

Zodzikongoletsera zimapangidwa kuti zizikhala mobisika. Thupi limakhala lokwinya, lalikulu, khosi silitchulidwa. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, wafupi. Auricles ndi ochepa komanso obisala m'mbali mwa tsitsi, monga oimira genus Tachyoryctes, kapena protrude pamwamba pamutu, monga mitundu ya geniz Rhizomys. Maso ndi ochepa. Miyendo ndiyifupi. Zala zake zili ndi zikhadabo zazifupi komanso zosalala, zofanana ndi misomali. Mchira ulibe mamba, m'malo mwake, pamakhala tsitsi pakhungu.

Thupi la makoswe limakutidwa ndi lalitali, lakuda komanso lofewa kwa ubweya wokhudza.

M'makoswe akuluakulu a bamboo, zingwezo ndizopondera komanso zazifupi. Mtundu wa kumbuyo ndi imvi, ngati chingwe cha nsapato zaimvi. Chingwe chofiirira chimakhala ndi mgoza wa bulauni kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Thupi lotsikirako limakhala lopepuka, mumakoko yaying'ono ya bamboo, utoto wonyezimira. Zosangalatsa za mammary mammary nthawi zambiri zimakhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri, pomwe ma teini a inguinal amakhala awiriawiri.

Msungwi waku Itiyopiya anasinthidwa kukhala moyo wapansi.

Kapangidwe ka chigaza chimalumikizidwa ndi moyo wapansi panthaka. Fomu ndi lathyathyathya, wothinikizidwa mu dorso - mayendedwe apakati. Zomangira zamasaya zimatchulidwa komanso kutalikirana kwambiri.Dzenje pansi pa diso laling'ono. Fomula wamano ili ndi mano 16. Mano atatu onse a buccal ndi a ma molars. Korona zamano izi ndizosalala komanso zapamwamba. Ku Tachyoryctes mitundu ya molars imakulitsa nthawi yonse yamoyo wawo. Zopangira zimapangidwa, zazikulu, zoyera kapena lalanje. Matumbo akulu m'makoswe amaposa kutalika kwa matumbo ang'ono. Pali malo ozungulira mu cecum.

Dongosolo la ma chromosome opangira muyezo waukulu wa nsungwi limakhala ndi ma chromosome 50, ndipo mu kakhalidwe kakang'ono ka nsungwi kamakafika makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wofunikira wamtundu wamtundu wamatumbo.

Makoswe a bamboo amapezeka kumapeto ndi m'nkhalango

Kufalikira kwa Mathanthwe a ku Ethiopia

Makoswe a bamboo aku Ethiopia afalikira ku China kumwera kwa mtsinje wa Yangtze. Makoko okhala ku India, Burma, Nepal, Thailand. Amapezeka ku Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia. Amakhala ku Peninsula ya Mallacca ndikupitilira ku Sumatra. Zodziwikanso kwambiri kumadera otentha a East Africa. Adagawidwa ku Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zaire, Kenya, Uganda.

Ma Habitati Atio aku Ethiopia

Makoswe a bamboo amapezeka kumapeto ndi nkhalango. Malo okhala mchenga ndi malo okhala udzu wamtchire, m'nkhalangozi. M'mapiri, phula la bamboo waku Itiyopiya limakwera mpaka 4,000 metres.

Makoswe a bamboo aku Ethiopia ndi anthu okhala pansi panthaka.

Mtundu Wathu Wam'madzi wa ku Ethiopia

Makoswe a bamboo aku Ethiopia ndi anthu okhala pansi panthaka. Amakumba malo akuluakulu, napanga makina ovuta. Makoswe amabisalira mabowo masana. Amangofika m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo.

Makoswe a bamboo aku Atiopiya amakumba mabowo, akumagwira ndi zibwano ndi mano.

Amasunthira pansi kukumba pansi pamimba ndi kutsogolo, ndikutaya mchenga ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Mitundu ya mtundu wa Tachyoryctes imakumbamo kokha ndi zibwano. Amatafuna kumizu ndi mano. Mukakumba, mulu wosasokonekera umapangidwa, ndiye kuti ratayo ndi muzzle wake imasunthira ndikugwirizanitsa uku ndi uku. Makoswe a bamboo aku Itiyopiya amabisa nyumba yawo munkhokwe zowirira za malo otentha komanso otentha.

Kuchulukana kwa malo okhalaentent ndiopitilira anthu awiri ndi theka pa kilomita imodzi.

Pofufuza mizu yokhazikika, makoswe a bamboo nthawi zonse amayala mbali zatsopano zomwe zimapanga dongosolo labwino kwambiri.

Kupitilira mamitala 50 a malo obisa mobisa, pamtambo umodzi. Kukumba ma labyrinth ndikofunikira kuti mupeze chakudya komanso kuti mupange malo odalirika.

Pomwe anthu ena okumba amangobisala m'makola awo, makoswe a bambo msuzi amapita kolowera kwambiri, kukumba nthawi zonse m'malo okhala udzu wandiweyani. Tasanthulira chomeracho, makoswewo amatsekera khokalo kuchokera mkati ndi khola lodothi. Kukhazikika kotereku m'magulu azakudya kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wodalirika wazakudya, kupewa mpikisano. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa choopseza nthawi zonse adani, makamaka nkhandwe ya ku Itiyopiya, makoswe amatha kubisala m'mitsinje yomwe ili mozama kwambiri.

Mimbulu yaku Itiyopiya imadikirira makoswe a bamboo mobisalira, imayang'ana pamene makoswe akuwonekera pansi kuchokera mumphepete yatsopano, nthawi zina olimbana nawo amathamangitsa makoswe mumkono wawo, akuwonetsetsa mawonekedwe awo pamtunda. Makoswe a bamboo aku Itiyopiya, pokhala nyama zochenjera kwambiri komanso zazikuluzikulu, amatha kudziteteza kwa adani ndi kuvulaza kwambiri omwe angathe kukhala adani awo.

Makoswe a bamboo aku Atiopiya amakumba mabowo, akumagwira ndi zibwano ndi mano.

Bamboo waku Itiyopiya amadya chakudya

Khoswe wa ku Itiyopiya amapeza chakudya padziko lapansi. Koma imayandikira mizu ya mbewu mobisa. Kunja, amawaza zonse zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi khomo la dzenje. Ndipo amachita izi mwachangu, mwa mphindi makumi awiri zokha. Kenako kubisala mdzenje, kutseka khomo lanyumba.

Ruti wa ku Itiyopiya amadya zomerazo pansi pamadzi, amakonda bambo, komanso mbewu ndi zipatso.

Khoswe wa ku Itiyopiya amapeza chakudya padziko lapansi

Kufunika kwa Mtundu wa Kufufuza ku Itiopiya mu Zachilengedwe

Makoswe a bamboo aku Itiyopiya, omwe amafika pakakulu masentimita 25, ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha nkhandwe za ku Itiyopiya.

M'malo omwe magawidwe ogulitsa nyama komanso makoswe agundana, makoswe a ku Itiyopiya ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mimbulu ya ku Itiyopiya yomwe ili pangozi (Canis simensis).

Anthu okhala komweko amagwiranso makoswe a bamboo ndikudya nyama yawo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Kutupa kwa Mathanthi aku Ethiopia

Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, yemwe amadziwikanso dzina loti mkulu, yemwe ndi wolemba wamkulu waku Ethiopia, wodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Africa kapena woperewera amakhala kumapiri a ku Itiyopiya. Malo otetezedwa ndi nsungwi kapena otentha kwambiri okhala ndi zingwe za ku Itiyopiya ali pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka.

Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kungachititse kuti mitundu yayikulu ikhale itatha.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi makoswe wamkulu kwambiri amatchedwa ndani?

Woimira wamkulu wa makoswe padziko lapansi ndi Bosawi. Nyama izi zidapezeka ku New Guinea, zimatchedwanso "Papuan." Kukula kwake, amawoneka ngati galu wocheperako, amatha kutalika mpaka 1 m ndikulemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg. Oimira ena amtunduwu akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 15. Kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi mchira wawo ndi 1 cm 30. Bosavi ndi chimphona chenicheni pakati pa makoswe onse omwe amakhala padzikoli. Ngakhale ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, samazunza anthu, amatha kunyamulidwa ndikuyendetsedwa.

Kunja, Bosavi ndi ofanana ndi abale ake omwe amakhala m'midzi yamtunda, koma ali ochulukirapo katatu kuposa iwo. Khalidwe labata la makatani awa kwa anthu litha kufotokozedwa ndi kutalikirana kwa malo awo okhala. Oimira mtunduwu amapezeka kokha pamphala lamapiri a Papua New Guinea, lomwe limapatutsidwa konse.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi khoswe wa bamboo amawoneka bwanji?

Kutalika kwa chingwe cha bamboo ndi kuyambira masentimita 16.25 mpaka 45.72, kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 6-7 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 210 mpaka 340. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa khoswe wa bamboo. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi makutu ang'ono ndi maso, ndipo ndizofanana kwambiri ndi American poker gopher, kupatula matumba akusowa. Chingwe cha bamboo chimakhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wofewa pamutu ndi thupi, koma ubweya wocheperako pang'ono.

Mtundu wa nyama iyi umasiyana kuchokera ku sinamoni wofiirira ndi mimbulu ya phulusa mpaka imvi ndi imvi kumapeto kwake. Anthu ena amakhala ndi lingwe loyera pakona la mutu ndi chingwe chocheperako kuyambira pachiwuno mpaka kummero. Makutu ang'onoang'ono a nyamayo amabisika kwathunthu mu tsitsi, ndipo khosi silitchulidwa. Miyendo ndiyifupi.

Cannomys badius ndi nyama yayitali komanso wamtali wamiyendo yayifupi, yamphamvu. Amakhala ndi zokumbira zazitali zakuthwa kolimba ndi mapepala osalala kumapazi kumapazi. Chingwechi chimakhala ndi miyala ikuluikulu komanso ma molars okhala ndi nduwira komanso mizu yosalala. Chipilala cha zygomatic ndichachikulu kwambiri, ndipo thupi ndi lolemera komanso lolemera. Makoswe a bamboo achikazi amakhala ndi ma pectoral awiri ndi awiriawiri m'mimba mwa mabulu am'mimba.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ma chromosomes omwe ali m'chigawo chachikulu cha nsungwi amafika 50, pamitundu yaying'ono ya bamboo ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Umu ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wamitundu mitundu.

Kapangidwe ka chigoba kamayenderana mwachindunji ndi moyo wa nyama ya pansi panthaka. Mawonekedwe ake ndi okanikizidwa, mosabisa panjira ya ventral. Ziphuphu za Zygomatic zimasiyanasiyana komanso zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Mu cecum pamakhala kola kofanana ndi kozungulira.

Mitundu ina yayikulu yamakola

Kuphatikiza pa Bosawi, pali mitundu ingapo ya makoswe padziko lapansi yomwe imasiyana kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, ndizotsika pamitundu yawo kupita ku Bosawi, koma ndizokulirapo kuposa makoswe wamba. Mitunduyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa makoswe ndipo imatha kuwopsa munthu ndi kukula kwawo. Koma, kwenikweni, onse siamwano ndipo samayambitsa ngozi kwa anthu.

Pakati pa oimira mitundu yayikulu, pali oimira 6 ena akuluakulu a nyama izi:

1. Malo oyamba pambuyo poti Bosawi idakhala ndi bango, wokhala ku Africa, m'mphepete mwa nkhokwe m'matumba. Awa ndi makoswe akuluakulu, amafikira 41,5-87 masentimita kutalika ndi mchira, olemera 4-7 makilogalamu, amuna ena amatha kulemera makilogalamu 9.
2. Ikaikidwanso ndi khola la kangaroo wokhala ku Australia. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa chofanana ndi kangaroo. Oimira mtunduwu ali ndi miyendo yayitali yam'mbuyo ndi kuwonekera kwakanthawi. Kutalika kwa nyama zamtunduwu, limodzi ndi mchira, ndi 40-95 masentimita; Amakhala zisa zopangidwa ndi udzu ndipo amadyera mbeu.
3. Malo achitatu amakhala ndi khola la bamboo. Oimira wamkuluwo amafika kutalika mpaka 50cm osaganizira mchira, womwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15. Nyama izi zimatha kulemera pafupifupi 2,5 kg. Makoswe a bamboo amakhala kumayiko a Asia, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonedwa ku China ndi Thailand. Amakhala munkhokwe za bamboo, chifukwa chake adayamba kutchedwa bamboo. Amangodya zamasamba zokha.
4. Mu malo achinayi - Potoror kuchokera ku banja la makola a kangaroo omwe amakhala kumapiri a Australia. Amakonda kukhala m'makola, omwe amatuluka usiku wokha, kudya zakudya ndi tizilombo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama izi: kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira - 74 cm, kulemera - 2.2 kg. Amasamukira ku Potor, kudumpha miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ngati kangaroo.
5. Khoswe wamkulu wa imvi, kapena pasyuk, amatenga malo achisanu. Akuluakulu amatha kukula mpaka 60 cm, kulingalira mchira, ndi kulemera koposa 1 kg. Nyama izi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, pomwe zimakumba zitsime zakuya 1 mita ndi 5 mita, komanso m'malo omwe anthu amakhala ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala zopindulitsa. Oyimira zamtunduwu ndi nyama zolusa, chifukwa amadya osati chomera, komanso chakudya chanyama.
6. Malo achisanu ndi chimodzi mwamaudindo pakati pa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri amakhala ndi musky kangaroo, kapena kuti omangika m'miyendo. Nyama yakale yokhala ndi mchira imatha kutalika kufika pa 47 cm, imalemera osapitilira 700. Malo omwe miyendo ndi unyolo ndimadontho wokutakata m'mphepete mwa malo osungirako. Sangothamanga pansi mwachangu, komanso akukwera mitengo. Nyama izi zimanunkhira musk ndipo zimanyamula ana amtunduwo mu thumba la chipewa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa musky kangaroos. Amadya tizilombo, mphutsi, zipatso ndi mizu.

Kukula kwakukulu kwa makoswe amisewu ku Russia

Ngakhale anthu samakonda oyandikana ndi nyamazo, m'misewu ya m'mizinda yayikulu, yokhala anthu ambiri mutha kupeza mitundu iwiri ya makoswe: wakuda ndi imvi (pasuk). Amakhala m'mafakisoni, ma cellars, migodi ya chimbudzi. Mitundu iwiriyi imasiyana mu utoto wamtundu ndi kukula. Pasuk yemwe amakhala m'misewu ya Russia amakula mpaka 25cm (wopanda mchira) ndipo amalemera 400. Routi wakuda ndiwopanda dongosolo, ali ndi mchira wotalika kwambiri 22 cm ndi kulemera mpaka 300 g.

Pasuk amakonda malo onyowa, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi osonkhetsa, zipinda zapansi panthaka, ndi zakuda amakonda malo ouma, motero amakhala m'malo owuma. Tikayerekezera kukula kwa makoswe okhala m'mizinda ya Russia, zikuonekeratu kuti mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamakoswe ndi pasuk.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yokongoletsa makoswe akunyumba

Kuyambira 1856, makoswe adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale popanga zoyesa zosiyanasiyana pazinthu zamoyo, tsopano adadziwika kwambiri ngati ziweto. Chifukwa chakusankhidwa, zinali zotheka kupeza maonekedwe kunyumba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya zolengedwa zokongoletsa za makoswe, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake amtundu, kapangidwe ka thupi, tsitsi lolowera, pomwe amatha kuwoneka zachilendo. Ngakhale maonekedwe ake amakongoletsa, nyama zapakhomo ndi mtundu wawo komanso mtundu wa makoswe amtundu. Amasiyana ndi abale awo akutchire molondola komanso mwaluso, amazolowera eni ake.

Mwa mitundu yodzikongoletsera, pali mitundu yayikulu ikuluikulu:

1. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi makoswe a bulauni. Kutalika kwa nyama izi ndi 16-20 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 400-600 g, ndipo pali zitsanzo zolemera 900 g. Amuna ndiwookulirapo kuposa akazi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa oimira ichi ndi zaka 2.
2. Kubadwa Kwina Kwambiri Kusaka Makoswe - Kukula. Anthu ena amatha kutalika kwa 50 cm ndi mchira ndikukhala ndi kulemera kwa 500 g.
3. Makoswe amtundu wokongoletsera amakuliranso zazikulu. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 17 mpaka 40 cm, kuphatikiza, mchirawo umakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 20. Amalemera chimodzimodzi ndi omwe akuyimira mtundu wa Standard.
4. Palibe kukula kwakukulu ndi makongoletsedwe akudaMchira wake ndi wautali kuposa thupi. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 22 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 28 cm, wokutidwa ndi mamba.
5. Makoswe okongoletsa a mtundu wa Dambo amathanso kuonedwa kukhala akulu pakati pa abale awo. Amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 20 cm (kupatula mchira) ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 400 g. Mbali yodziwika bwino ndi izi ndi mapangidwe ake ndi thupi, lofanana ndi peyala, komanso makutu akulu, otsika oumbika.

Kutalika kotalika kwambiri kwa makoswe okongoletsa ndi zaka 2-3.

Dziko la nyama padziko lapansi ndi lalikulu komanso osiyanasiyana, pali oimira nyama ambiri momwemo, omwe, poyang'ana pang'ono, amayambitsa udani kapena kunyansidwa. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake osawoneka bwino kwambiri, makoswe amatha kukhalanso nyama zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe zimawalitsa moyo wamunthu. Ndipo ngati mutayang'anitsitsa kwa iwo ndikuwerenga machitidwe awo, mudzazindikira kuti ndi nyama zanzeru.

Bosawi Rat - imodzi mwazakudya zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi

Akatswiri azamoyo omwe adachita kafukufuku pachilumba cha Papua adatulukira modabwitsa: adapeza makoswe m'mapiri am'deralo, omwe kutalika kwake kumafika mita. Asayansi sanakumanepo ndi makoswe akuluakulu otere, chifukwa chake nyama zomwe zapezedwa zikuchititsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi.

Kafukufuku wina wawonetsa kuti makoswe a Papuan amapezeka ku New Guinea kokha. Makoswe amakhala m'mphepete mwa phiri lotchedwa Bosavi lomwe latsala pang'ono kuphulika. Nyama zimakhala ndi ubweya wakuda komanso wandiweyani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kupirira mosavuta nyengo zovuta zamapiri am'deralo. Kulemera kunawonetsa kuti unyinji wa anthu ena amtunduwu wafika 1.5 makilogalamu. Ngati tingayerekeze makoswe awa ndi anzawo omwe akukhala m'mizinda, azikhala owonjezera katatu komanso kulemera kwawo.

Asayansi adadabwa kwambiri ndi machitidwe a makoswe a Bosawi. Zachidziwikire, kuchokera ku makulu akulu oterewa munthu angayembekezere kukwiya kukukhalapo kwa anthu, koma nyama sizinachite mosiyana ndi izi:

• sanathawe anthu chifukwa anali asanakumanepo nawo kale ndipo analibe chifukwa choopera,
• makoswe adazilola kuyesedwa ndi kulemedwa,
• asayansi amakumana ndi nyama mosavuta,
• palibe wofufuza yemwe adavulala pomwe amaphunzira makoswe.

Chingwe cha viking ku Sweden

2014, khola lalikulu kwambiri masentimita 38 linapezeka kukhitchini ya banja la Bengtsson-Korsos ku Solna, Sweden. Wakatema nkhuni ndi konkriti kuti alowe mnyumbamo, wogwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito msampha wokulirapo wa mafakitale. Anali wamkulu kwambiri mpaka adakwanitsa kufa pomwe adabwerera kumphanga ndi msampha kumchira.

Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zapezeka ku Europe, Great Britain, United States, makoswe a Viking - monga momwe amachitcha kuti omenyera - akusonyeza kusinthika. Akatswiri omwe adaziwona amalongosola nyamayo ngati kukula kwa makoswe wamba, kukula kwa mphaka.

Ku Dublin, omenyera nkhondo adagwira munthu wamasentimita 60 mkati mwa nyumbayo.

Poizoni wa Bromadiolone samachita paphiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe anachitika ku University of Huddersfield (2009), kusintha kwa majini komanso kusadziletsa poizoni zakuphatikizika, zomwe zikubweretsa funso loti: Kodi ndiyenera kukulitsa ziphezi zatsopano ndikusintha kulikonse?

Josephoartigasia

Zomera zakale zamtunduwu zapezeka nthawi yoyamba kufufuzidwa (1981) ku Montevideo, Uruguay, pomwe asayansi amapuntha chigaza cha masentimita 53 chomwe ndi chokulirapo kuposa ng'ombe yamakono.Pokhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse, a Josephoartigasia adayang'anira nkhalango zaku South America munthawi ya Pliocene wokhala ndi thupi loposa 900 kg.

Cholengedwa chinali ndi zinthu zina zapadera zomwe zimawonetsa chakudya chamafuta. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti a Josephoartigasia sanaphe nyama kuti akhale ndi moyo. Asayansi amati mano samangokhala zida zolimbana ndi zilombo, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo ngati ufulu.

Pokhala zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi zapitazo, makoswe adagawana dziko lapansi ndi mbalame zazikulu, zolengedwa zokongola, amphaka akuluakulu anjala. Mwa zolengedwa zamakono, Josephoartigasia amafanana kwambiri ndi capybara wamkulu.

Nutria

Nutria ndi herbivorous, theka-amadzi okhala pentchu okhala okhala. Monga chimphona chachikulu, mtedza wamba umamera penapake 71-106 cm. Akuluakulu amalemera kilogalamu 16. Pazaka zonse za 1800, cholengedwa chidathamangitsidwa m'malo ake ambiri zachilengedwe.

Argentina adayamba kuswana natiria kuti apeze ubweya. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kubereka kunafalikira ku North America, ku Eurasia, ngakhale ubweya womwewo sunkakhala wotchuka pakati pa amalonda.

Kuyambira kuyambira 1940s, nutria idakhala komwe imafalikira (kuthawa mafamu a ubweya wakomweko ndikuchulukana), kuphatikiza kumidzi England, Louisiana, Maryland. Zogulitsa zopangidwa ndi Nutria zimagulitsidwa mwanjira ya chakudya cha galu.

Malinga ndi National Geographic, nati wamkulu samakula kuposa 60 cm.

Castoroides

Amadziwikanso kuti chimphona chachikulu chotchedwa beoro, chikondwerero chotchedwa castoroid ndi mphete yachikale ku North America yomwe idalipo nthawi ya Pleistocene. Kulemera makilogalamu 125, thupi la nyamayo linali 188-219 cm, ngakhale sizikudziwika kuti mchira wowonjezerawo ungathe kuwonjezera thupi liti.

Castoroids ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wamalimi womwe unakhalako padziko lapansi. Amasiyana ndi beaver wamakono chifukwa chakuti zomwe zatsalapo zinali ndi miyendo yayikulu yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, mano akulu, ndi ubongo wawung'ono.

Zinthu zakale zakale za Castoroid zimapezeka ku Ohio, Alaska, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, mozungulira Nyanja Yaikulu.

Dziwani zambiri zokhala ndi moyo wa nyama, mbalame, nsomba, zokwawa, mitengo ndi anthu

Makoswe a Kangaroo

Ku Australia, mutha kupeza makoswe akuluakulu a kangaroo. Thupi lamapendawa limatha kutalika masentimita 55, ndipo mchira umakhala masentimita 40. Kapangidwe ka thupi ka makoswewa kamafanana ndi kangaroo: miyendo yawo yakumbuyo imakhala yayikulupo ndipo imapangidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zizidumphira mozungulira. Ndolo zili ndi zikwama momwe mazira a mwana amakulira. Makina a kangaroos amadya zakudya zam'mera. Amakonda kupeza chakudya usiku, ndipo masana nthawi zambiri amabisala m'maenje kapena zisa zaudzu.

Makoswe Otembenuka

Nthawi zambiri mumamva nkhani zodabwitsa zokhudzana ndi makoswe akuluakulu obwera kuzungulira metro, malo ankhondo atasiyidwa. Koma zonsezi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe yamkuntho ya anthu omwe atopa kwambiri kukhala popanda nthano. Ndipo makina osakira achikasu amakopa owerenga, ndikuwonjezera kugulitsa manyuzipepala ndi magazini.

Pambuyo powerenga, wina amatembenuka komanso kukokosera kuti awoneke wokongola. M'malo mwake, tambala wamkulu kwambiri ku Russia ndi pasuk. Mumayendedwe apansi panthaka, kumaofesi ankhondo, onse ali ofanana m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku powona munthu. Pakhoza kukhala ndi zowerengeka zokulirapo, koma izi sizotsatira za kusinthika, koma kuchokera ku moyo wabwino wa makoswe.

Mafuta tramu

Kodi njira yopezera chilolezo ili bwanji? Kalanga, popanda akatswiri sapper, ndizosatheka. Amapanga njira zopapatiza, zotetezeka m'minda yama mgodi pamtunda wamamita 20 kuchokera pachinzake. Ophunzitsa makoswe amayenda m'njira ziwiri, atagwira waya wautali mbali ziwiri. Pa waya ndiye mphete yomangiriridwa kumaso kwa zingwe. Ndipo mphete iyi, ngati tramu kapena trolley motsatira waya, imayenda kuchokera mbali mbali imodzi ya waya kupita mbali ina. Ndathamanga mamita makumi awiri, zingwe zama waya adasunthidwa kutsogolo, ndikuyenda mbali inayo. Chingwe sichithawa: waya amangofunika kokha kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyamayo imalanda malo onse olimidwawo.

Ngati ratayo yaleka, chizindikirocho chimayikidwa pakadali pano ndikuti ntchito ikupitilira. "Mtundu wa Rat" umapulumutsa kwambiri nthawi ya akatswiri sapper. Khutu limathamanga ndikuyesa 100 square metres ya m'derali pakangotha ​​ola limodzi. Zomwe zimathamanga kuposa zomwe asitikali angachite.

Kubatizika kwa anthu ogwira ntchito yozimitsa moto kunachitika mu 2003 ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo akhala akugwira ntchito mosalekeza m'maiko angapo a ku Africa. Onani malo omwe angakhale oopsa.

Potoru

Chingwe china cha kangaroo chimakhala chachisanu pamndandanda wazopeza zazikulu zotere. Potor imatha kukula masentimita 41. Mchira mu nyama zamtunduwu umakula mpaka 32 cm.Miyendo yam'mbuyo ya makoswe imapangidwanso, yomwe imawalola kuyenda mozungulira, ngati kangaroo. Nyama zimapezeka ku Australia. Amadzipangira zisa zawo pamalo opondapo ndi opanda mitengo. Zakudya za potor pazomera, bowa ndi tizilombo.

Chingwe chachikulu cha marsupial

Chimphona chachikulu cha marsupial kapena ku Gambian chimakhala ku Africa, makoswe akuluakulu amakula mpaka 90cm, kutalika kokwanira thupi mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. M'mawonekedwe, nyama yanzeru kwambiri, imafanana ndi phiri lalikulu la imvi, koma ndi wachibale wapafupi osati mbewa, koma makoswe.

Kuphatikiza apo, rating ya marsupial siyigwira ntchito konse kwa nyama za marsupial okhala ndi chikwama chonyamula zatsopano. Zitsamba za nthata yayikulu zimabadwa zakonzeka kutuluka kunja ndikukhala ndi amayi awo mchisa.

Dzinalo "marsupials" linaperekedwa kwa nyama zazikulu zaku Africa zonyamula matama akuluakulu momwe makoswe aku Gambia amanyamula chakudya ngati hamsters.

Chingwe chachikulu cha marsupial

Chakudya chachikulu kwambiri, monga pasyuki, ndi nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, chiswe ndi nkhono pakudya. Mosiyana ndi makoswe, nyama zachilengedwe za ku Africa zimavutika ndi vuto lakhungu, lomwe limangolipidwa ndi fungo lokhalokha. Mbali iyi ya makoswe aku Africa agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi bungwe la Belgian AROPO, lomwe limaphunzitsa nyama zanzeru momwe angazindikire TB ndi ma landmines odana ndi antchito. Chifukwa cha nzeru zake komanso mwamtendere, chimphona chachikulu kwambiri cham'madzi chakhala chimphona m'maiko akumwera.

Chingwe chachikulu cha nzimbe

Makoswe ena akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa zimbudzi za ku Africa. Malo omwe mumakonda kukhala ndi bango lalikulu ndi shrubbery pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja, malo otetezeka, malo olimidwa komanso malo okhala. Mafuta a furry amakhala ndi thupi lowonda kwambiri, pomwe limakula 60 cm limafikira kulemera mpaka 9 kg. Anthu am'deralo amasaka makoswe a nzimbe, pogwiritsa ntchito nyama yanyama kuti adye.

Chingwe chachikulu cha nzimbe

Tambala wokhathamira bwino amasambira bwino kwambiri, nthawi yambiri amakhala m'madzi. Mosiyana ndi pasukas omnivorous, makoswe a nzimbe ndi mankhwala azitsamba okha omwe amadya nzimbe, chimanga, dzungu, yams ndi udzu wa njovu. Zovuta zingapo zomwe zimapanga ndulu zazikulu zimayambitsa zowononga zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake alimi aku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito mapira ndi mbewa zomwe zimadya tizirombo kuteteza minda.

Chingwe chachikulu cha bamboo

Pulogalamu yayikulu ya fluffy wokhala ku South China, North Burma ndi Thailand. Chinyama chachikulu chimakula mpaka 50 cm ndipo chimalemera mpaka 4 kg. Malo okhala nyama zazikulu kwambiri ndi mabowo komanso malembedwe apansi panthaka, omwe makoswe amakumba ndi zolimba zawo zamphamvu. Nyama imadya zakudya zam'mera: mizu ndi zimayambira za bamboo, komanso zipatso za mitengo yotentha.

Chingwe chachikulu cha bamboo

Khola lalikulu la bamboo linakhala nyenyezi ya kanema wa pa intaneti pambuyo poti munthu wokhala ku China atenga chithunzi chachikulu cha mitundu iyi cholemera 11 kg. Koma, mwatsoka, zojambulazo sizinakonzedwe kwina kulikonse, ndipo zinangokhala mawonekedwe osangalatsa a Wachidule wachidule wokhala ndi ndodo yayikulu imvi m'manja mwake.

Kapybara

Capybara kapena capybara ndiye amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 1-1.4 m ndi kulemera mpaka 65 kg. Kunja, capybara imafanana ndi nkhumba yayikulu yodyetsedwa bwino, koma osati khola konse, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kutenga mbendera yamadzi am'madzi wamkulu wa pasuk. Nyamayi, mosiyana ndi makoswe, imakhala ndi mutu waukulu wozungulira wokhala ndi chisonyezo chonyozeka, thupi lolemera kwambiri lomwe lili ndi miyendo yayifupi, yokhala ndi zimimba zosambira.

Kapybara

Capybara amakhala kokha m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha: Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay. Kwa nyumba yawo, ma capybaras amasankha magombe a mitsinje yayikulu, koma posowa chakudya, nyama zimayenda pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wautali. Pazakudya, makoswe amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zam'mera zokha. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi nyama yokoma, kukumbukira nyama ya nkhumba, ma capybaras amawetedwa pamafamu ku Venezuela. Khungu la nyama yamafuta limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zachikopa; mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumafakitale azamankhwala.

Makoswe akuluakulu otuwa

Malo achisanu ndi chimodzi pamndandanda wa makoswe akulu kwambiri amapita kwa pasyuki. Nyama zotere zimapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amakula mpaka 40 cm, ndipo kutalika kwawo kwa mchira kumatha kupitirira masentimita 20. Makoswe amtunduwu amadya pazomera ndi chakudya cha nyama. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuthengo, ndipo nthawi yozizira amakonda kuyenda pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Pasyuki nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba, momwe amatha kupeza chakudya chambiri nthawi yachisanu.

Makoswe - izi zimamveka zonyada

Chifukwa chake, ndi kuyesayesa kwa anthu angapo ndi makoswe, tinakwanitsa kupanga polojekiti yomwe inapulumutsa anthu ambiri - komanso mazana - amoyo pachaka. ARORO imangokhala kudzera pazopereka ndi zothandizira.

Ku Mozambique kokha, makoswe adapeza ma landmeter 13,274 ndikubwezera malo opitilira miliyoni miliyoni kwa anthu. Ku Cambodia, Gulu Lankhondo la Tailing lidasanthula malo opitilira 14 miliyoni miliyoni ndikupeza zipolopolo 4,599.

Ndipo si zonse. Makoswe ndi anthu akupitiliza ntchito yawo ku Angola ndi Zimbabwe. Kulikonse komwe dziko lapansi ladzala ndi "zotulutsa" zakufa, nyama zazing'ono zoseketsa zimapulumutsa.

Simukuganizirabe kuti ma ratupial ratings amveka onyada?

Musky kangaroo

Udindo wachisanu ndi chiwiri pamipingo yayikulu kwambiri amapita kuma musky kangaroos. Makoko awa amakhala ndi fungo losalala komanso chikwama cha ana, mwaulemu pomwe adalandira dzina lotere. Nyama zimakula kutalika kwa masentimita 35. Zimadyera kuzomera ndi tizilombo kapena nyongolotsi. Ma kanganoos a musk amatha kuyenda mosavuta pansi ndikukwera mitengo. Amakonda kukhala kuthengo komanso kukonza zisa pafupi ndi dziwe.

Makwerero a mbewa zazikulu

Mitundu yambiri yamatambala omwe amakhala m'mizinda yapafupi ndi malo okhala anthu imakhala ndi masentimita ofika mpaka 20. Pakati pa mitundu wamba yaimvi, pali makoswe akulu kwambiri komanso akuluakulu omwe angayambitse mantha mwa anthu, koma kutalika kwawo kwakukulu ndi 40 cm.

Mphekesera zonena kuti pali makoswe akuluakulu omwe amakhala m'malo ozungulira pafupi ndi Moscow zakhala zikuzungulira kwazaka pafupifupi 30. Pali owona m'maso ambiri omwe amalankhula ndodo zoopsa za kukula kwa galu wamkulu, akuti akuwombera zokumba ku Moscow, kapena akuthamangira m'misewu yapansi panthaka. Komabe, makoswe akuluakulu abodza sizinagwidwe, ndipo palibe umboni wotsimikiza izi.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kudziwa za makoswe akuluakulu omwe analipo kuthengo: kukula kwake kwa makoswe akuluakulu omwe asayansi aphunzira, komanso kupezeka kwawo kwatsimikiziridwa.

Zoyimira

Mndandanda wama mbewa yayikulu kwambiri umaphatikizapo oimira mawonekedwe okongoletsa Standard. Nyama izi zimatha kutalika mpaka 30 cm. Mchira wawo ndi cm 15-20.Makolo am'nyumba ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi achibale awo. Amakonda ukhondo ndipo amatha nthawi yayitali kudzisamalira. Nyama sizikonza chakudya. Kwa iwo, zakudya zamtengo wapatali ndizopangidwa ndi chimanga, zipatso ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Makoswe okongoletsera sakana nyama.

Makoswe okongoletsera kunyumba

Anthu aku Russia asangalala kusunga makoswewa m'nyumba zawo ndi kubereka. Zamoyo zanzeru tsopano zagwidwa mawu ngati nyama yapamtima.

Posachedwa, kuswana kwa ratti wafika pamlingo wina watsopano: mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana kwambiri idapangidwa. Mapaipi apanga miyezo ya zinyama, kutengera ndi momwe ziwonetsero zimachitikira ndi oimira abwino amasankhidwa.

Cholinga cha obereketsa ndikutukula kunja kwa nyama, chitetezo chokwanira, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi moyo. Palibe amene akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga makoswe ambiri.

Komabe, makoswe akuluakulu abwinowa akadakulabe kuposa achibale amtchire: Amuna ena amafika pa 650 g.Amawaposa kukula, mpaka 30 cm.

Zolocha zomwe amazisunga mu ukapolo komanso kupeza chakudya chaulere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonenepa kwambiri.

Oimira mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyana amasiyana kunja kwawo. Kukula kwa nyamazo kumakhala pafupifupi kwamtundu uliwonse.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya makoswe okongoletsa ku Russia:

• zoyera (albino),
• satin
• opanda chingwe
• Husky
• pansi (Fazimu),
• wopanda tsitsi (sphinxes),
• dumbo
• buluu
• rex kawiri.

Roti wakuda

Makoswe akuda ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Nyama izi zimatha kutalika 22 cm, ndichifukwa chake zimakhala pamtundu wachikhumi pamndandanda wa makoswe akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chosiyanitsa ndi makoswewa ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, womwe nthawi zina umakula mpaka masentimita 28. Makoswe akuda amapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera, chifukwa amakonda kutentha. M'malo akutchire, amadzikonzera zisa pamitengo. Zakudya za makoswewa zimakhala makamaka zipatso ndi mbewu za zomera.

Woolen bosavi

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa ndizakuti makoswe aubweya amapezeka koyamba ndi asayansi mu 2009 pomwe gulu lofufuzira linapunthwa pa nyama ku Bosavi Crater, Papua New Guinea.

Amakhulupirira kuti Bosawi sanalumikizane ndi anthu, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 81, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala chiphaso chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha zomwe zapezeka posachedwa zasayansi, cholengedwa siliva sichidapatsidwe dzina.

Panalinso mitundu ina 40 yosadziwika m'mbuyomu, 16 amphibians, nsomba zitatu, nalimata, marsupial, arachnids zingapo - zomwe sizipezeka m'malo ena apadziko lapansi.

Ngakhale Woolen Bosawi ndiye kholo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe ladziwika pano pa sayansi, si lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lidakhalako. Asayansi ochokera ku East Timor, ku Indonesia, pamalo omwe anachititsa kuti zamoyo zisinthe, apeza zotsalira za nyama zomwe zinali zokulirapo katatu kuphatikiza ubweya.

"Awa ndi amodzi mwa makoswe akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi pano omwe amakhala m'madzi osungira madzi okhala kumatauni," atero Dr. Christopher Helgen wa Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, omwe adatsagana ndi ulendowu.

Izi zisanachitike, mitundu inanso isanu ndi umodzi ya makoswe akuluakulu amapezeka ku Papua New Guinea. Onse asanu ndi awiriwa adadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wa Mallomys, banja lathanzi la Muridae.

Giant wamkulu

Wokhala zaka zopitilira 100,000 zapitazo pachilumba cha Anguilla, ku Caribbean, khola lalikululi lidakulanso kawiri kukula kwa wamkulu ndipo limakula kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa makoswe amakono. Nyama yomwe imadziwika kuti Ambyrhiza, cholengedwa chachilengedwe sichimadziwika kuti chimphona chachikulu.

Phunzirani zambiri guluu kuchokera ku mbewa ndi makoswe - zabwino ndi zovuta za guluu, misampha yomata

Zolemba zakale zimasonyeza kuti ku Anguilla kunalibe zolengedwa zomwe zimapikisana ndi zolengedwa. Kutha kwa nthawiyo kunapangitsa kuti nyanjayo ikwere kwambiri, pomwe goutia sinathe kuzolowera, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti nyamayo ithe.

Mbadwa zazing'ono zamtundu wakale ndizoyenda kuzilumba za Pacific masiku ano, koma zambiri zimalemera kupitilira 2,5 kg. Izi tizirombo amakono nthawi zambiri amapezeka mdera la Guantanamo Bay ku Cuba, komwe amatchedwa nthochi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a zinyalala.

Chingwe cha ku Africa

Dzuwa likuyesa kuletsa kufalikira kwa chimphona chachikulu cha Gambian, makoswe aku Africa.Zaka zopitilira khumi zapitazo, asanu ndi atatu adamasulidwa ndi obereketsa nyama zosowa pachilumba ku Klyuchi. Mpaka pano, zoyesayesa kuthetseratu tizilombo sizinaphule kanthu, olamulira akuopa kuti makoswe adzafika kumtunda ndikuwononga chilengedwe cha Florida.

Dothi la ku Africa limakula mpaka 50 cm, kutalika makilogalamu 4. Manambala omwe ali patsamba latsamba la Gambia ndiwocheperako: 43 cm, 3 kg. Komabe, ngati makoswe ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa la ku Africa, ziwerengero zake ndi zolondola.

Makoswe a bamboo aku China

Khola lokhazikika sili ku kukoma kwa aliyense, koma ku China izi ndizodula kwambiri kuposa nkhumba ndi nkhuku ndipo zimakhulupirira kuti zimachiritsa khola. Amaweta ngati ziweto, nyama ndi ubweya.

Makoswe a bamboo aku China ndi akulu, koma atagulitsidwa amalemera pafupifupi 4 kg, 50 cm.

Zakudya zonunkhira

Nyama yayikulu imanena za herbivores.

Zakudya zake zimakhala:

• yam
• mtedza
• udzu wa njovu
• chimanga
• nzimbe yomwe idapatsa dzinali
• tirigu
• zipatso zakugwa
• mapira
• amadyera
• chinangwa,
• mapira.

Chifukwa chokonda mbewu, makoswe ndi tizilombo toopsa tomwe timawononga mbewu.

Kuteteza minda, anthu am'derali amagwiritsa ntchito adani akuluakulu a grasquats - mongooses ndi ma pythons.

Chief rat protector reticured python

Hafu ya kilogalamu ya makoswe apakhomo - zenizeni

Monga zipinda zapansi, makoswe amakongoletsedwe nthawi zambiri samakula mpaka kukula kwa amphaka ndi agalu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ziweto zotere ndi makoswe wamba amtundu, omwe, mwa kusankha kwakanthawi, adatha kukwaniritsa mtundu wokongola kapena kuphatikiza kwa alubino mu genotype.

Koma obereketsa sanagwirepo ntchito pakukulitsa kukula kwa makoswe omwe amaperekedwa kunyumba - kunalibe kufunika kwapadera kwa izi. Komabe, makoswe si ng'ombe, palibe amene amawalima kuti akhale nyama, chifukwa chake palibe amene akuyenera kutulutsa zimphona ngati ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe zazikuru.

Zotsatira zake, ukapolo, makoswe amakula pafupifupi msanga ngati chipinda chapansi kapena nyama zakuthengo. Koma ziyenera kuzindikirika: m'maselo, osowa zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndi chakudya chochuluka, ambiri aiwo amadya ndikutha mafuta. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zina ziweto zina zimalemera magalamu 500 kapena kuposerapo.

Komabe, palibe chifukwa chonena kuti ndi zimphona (malinga ndi majini). Kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndikofanana ndi kwa achibale osafunikira, koma kulemera ndi phindu chabe. Ndi "anthu onenepa" okha, omwe amafanana ndi oyimira pagulu laanthu, olemera 300-350 kg osatinso “zimphona”.

Chifukwa chake, kumbukirani: makoswe onse oyera, ndi "mankhusu" oyambilira kapena makoswe amaliseche mumunthu wachikulire ali ofanana kukula, ndipo si akulu kwambiri. Pezani ndi kugula kwina khola lalikulu lolemera kilogalamu silikugwira ntchito.

Pa chithunzichi - makina akuluakulu ogwiritsa ntchito amuna:

Ndipo, panjira, makoswe a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena pansi pa nkhuku amakhala ndi miyeso yabwinobwino yamtundu wawo, ndipo njira wamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana nazo. Msampha wa makoswewo ndi kuphwanya kwa muyezo wa "rat", kapena msampha wamoyo, wopangidwira makoswe. Ngakhale ntchentche yayikulu kwambiri igwera mumsampha, imakhala ndi malo okwanira kupha kapena kugwira nyama.

Kodi mbewa zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala kuti?

Pasyuk amatchedwa makoswe amtchire. Ichi ndi nyama yayikulu, pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi awiri. Amakhala paliponse, amakhala m'mabowo ndipo amakhala ankhanza kwambiri. Makoswe oterewa sadzaukira agalu kapena amphaka okha, komanso anthu.

Makoswe akumati

Makoswe amtchire a Turkestan amakhala kumapiri a Uzbekistan, South-East Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango za zipatso ndi mtedza. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama izi ndi pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri ndi atatu. Amakhala bwino ndi anthu, amakhala m'mizinda yamatawuni ndi yakumidzi.

Kutalika kwa msungwi wokulirapo kumafika 48 cm

M'modzi mwa oyimira banjali ndi makoswe a bamboo. Thupi limafika kutalika kwa masentimita makumi anayi kudza asanu ndi atatu kuphatikiza mchira waufupi ndi kutalika kwa sentimita khumi ndi asanu. Malo awo okhala ndi chisumbu cha Sumatra, Indochina, Peninsula ya Malaysia, Burma ndi Thailand. Amadziwika kuti ku China nyama iyi imadyedwa. Ringo ya bamboo imachedwa, imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Chakudya chachikulu cha mitunduyi ndi bambo bambo wachichepere.

Makoswe a Papuan | 1 mita

Makoswe a Papuan - Imodzi mwa makoswe akulu kwambiri odziwika mu sayansi. Amakhala pachilumba cha Papua (New Guinea). Kutalika kwa thupi la zimphonazo kumitha kufika mita imodzi, mchira - 30 cm. Kunja, chithunzithunzi chachikulu chimafanana ndi pasuk wamba, kusiyana kumakhala kwakukulu. Makoswe a Papuan amakhala kumapiri, mapiri otentha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ubweya wakuda, nyama zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri nyengo.

Mbale pa mbale

Kubwerera ku wosewera mpira. A Joel Fameye atafunsidwa kuti atchule mitundu yazakudya zakunja kwawo, sanazengereze kutcha graskata.

Anthu a ku Africa kuno amati tizirombo ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali.

Nyama yotsekemera imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso mafuta ochepa, komanso imakhala ndi kukoma kosalala.

Graskata ndi dzina la mbale, osati nyama yokha.

Graskata - makoswe okongoletsedwa kapena oluka

Kwa nyama yokazinga muyenera kulipira osachepera $ 100.

Ndi iti yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi

Makoswe amtchire amanyamula matenda owopsa a ma virus.

Ngozi yodziwika yochokera ku makoswe kwa zaka zambiri yapanga malingaliro opitilira omwe alowa mu ubongo wa munthu.

Anthu amakhala ndi mantha ndi udani kwa nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoteteza pogwiritsa ntchito makumbukidwe amtundu. Nyama zinakhala ngwazi za nthano zambiri zakumatawuni ndikupanga mpikisano woyenera kwa akatswiri otchuka omwe amakhala m'madzi ogona. Ngakhale kuti nkhani zambiri ndizopeka, makoswe ena amadabwitsa ndi magawo awo.

Ngwazi ya nkhaniyi ndi grasquat, chimphona chachikulu bango (grascutter ndodo rat) wochokera ku Africa, amene kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 6 kg.

Makoswe amatha kuzolowera moyo wawo ndipo samasamala makamaka pamikhalidwe

Kodi khoswe wa bamboo amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Tambala wa bamboo mwachilengedwe

Malo okhala mitunduyi amachokera kum'mawa kwa Nepal (2000 m kumtunda kwa nyanja), kudutsa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, Bhutan, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Bangladesh, Myanmar, kumwera kwa China, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo. Vietnam, Thailand ndi Cambodia. Mitundu ya makoswe a nsungwi, monga lamulo, amalembedwa mpaka pafupifupi 4000 m pamwamba pa nyanja, pomwe ena taxa amakhala ochepa mitunda, ndipo kutalika kwake sikukhalanso pamtunda wonse wodziwika.

Malo okhala makoswe a bamboo:

Kukhalapo sikotsimikiza:

Mtunduwu udalembedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira nkhalango za bamboo kupita kumunda wolimidwa ndi madera ena okhala anthu, ngakhale sapezeka m'minda ya mpunga. Ku South Asia, zimapezeka m'nkhalango zamapiri zotentha komanso m'nkhalango zamitengo ya bamboo m'nkhalango zam'mapiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimapezeka pamitunda yayitali. Izi ndi mitundu yautali yokhala ndi mwana m'modzi kapena awiri mu zinyalala. Amakhalanso m'malo a mchenga okhala ndi udzu. Makoswe a bamboo amafukula miyala ing'onoing'ono mobisa momwe timapangira ndipo timakhala nthawi yayitali m'makola.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe khoswe wa nsungwi amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi makoswe a bamboo amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mtengo wa bamboo

Makoswe a bamboo amagwira ntchito m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo, nyama zikaonekera padziko lapansi kufunafuna chakudya. Amadyetsa malo osiyanasiyana mobisa, makamaka bamboo, komanso mbewu ndi zipatso. Chomwe chimadyedwa kwambiri ndi bamboo, omwe amatchedwa dzina la nyama yobisikayi. Iwo amakumba pansi bwino kwambiri. Zakudya zawo sizimangokhala mbali za nsungwi zokha, zimadyanso zitsamba, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi mizu ina, zimadya mbewu ndi zipatso.

Masana, nyamazo zimapuma mokhalitsa m'khola mwawo, ndipo usiku zimadzuka kupita kukadya zakumalo zam'mera.

• chomera chimamera
• masamba onse amitundu
• zipatso zakugwa
• mbewu zosiyanasiyana.

Mosiyana ndi anthu ena okumba omwe amangobisala m'makola, makoswe a bambo msuzi amapeza chakudya, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera kutalika kwawo m'malo omwe kuli udzu wandiweyani. Tikamaliza kubzala mbewuyo, nyamayo imatchinga kamkokomo kuchokera pansi ndi nkhata ya pansi. Kukhazikika koteroko mu zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumapereka mwayi wopeza chakudya chodalirika komanso chosalekeza, kupewa mpikisano.

Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe amatha kubisala mwachangu mumizere yomwe ili pansi kwambiri. Makoswe a bamboo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'minda ya tiyi ndipo amapanga zotchingira ndi zomangira m'maderawa, zimawonongera mbewuzi ndikuzivulaza. Makoko awa amadziwika kuti akudya abwino, omwe amatha kuwononga ma feed ambiri. Usiku, munthu amamva kulira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopukutidwa ndi makoswe a bamboo kuyesera kudzaza m'mimba mwawo ndi mphukira zabwino.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Bamboo Rat ku Burrow

Rangati wa bamboo amafukula pansi momasuka ndi ma thunzi ndi zinthu zina, kukonza dongosolo losunthika, lomwe limasinthasintha ndikulikulitsa. Mosiyana ndi makoko a nsungwi aku China, mitundu yonseyi sikhala m'malo amiyala, koma m'nkhokwe za bamboo zomwe zimakhala gawo lalikulu la zakudya zawo. Madzulo, makoswe a bamboo amasiyira pogona pawo kuti adye masamba. Ali ku ukapolo, zochitika zochitikazo zidayamba m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo amagona tsiku lonse.

Izi zimayamwa mabowo m'malo a udzu, nkhalango ndi minda. Kukumba kumachitika osati ndi miyendo yawo yamphamvu, komanso mothandizidwa ndi ma incisor awo akuluakulu. Mmodzi amatha kupanga mabowo angapo, koma amakhala m'modzi. Zingwe zomwe zidamangidwazo ndizosavuta ndipo zimaphatikizapo chipinda chochulukirapo. Zingwe zobisika izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuya kwambiri. Malo opitilira mobisa, opitilira mobisa, amagwera munthu m'modzi.

Chochititsa chidwi: Makoswe ang'onoang'ono a nsungwi amayenda pang'onopang'ono akakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo amanenedwa kukhala opanda mantha pamene mdani awafikira.

Kukumba malabotale oterowo ndikofunikira kuti makoswe azitha kupeza chakudya ndikupanga malo odalirika. Amasunthira dothi pansi ndi miyendo yakutsogolo pansi pamimba, pomwe kumbuyo limaliponyera kumbuyo. Mano amazula mano. Mukakumba, mulu wa dothi umapangidwa, womwe makoswe a bamboo amayendayenda ndi muzzle ndi nkhosa zamphongo pafupi ndi bowo. Makoswewa amabisa nyumba yawo munkhokwe zazitali zazomera.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Makanda a bamboo

Chingwe cha bamboo chimatha kubereka chaka chonse, koma kamodzi pachaka, kupitilira ziwiri ngati zinthu zingalole. Kuswana kwakulu kumachitika munyengo zamvula. Yaikazi imabweretsa kuchokera kwa mwana wakhanda wakhanda wokhala wamaliseche. Amakula msanga komanso kulemera. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono a bamboo amatha kubereka miyezi 5-8 pambuyo pobadwa. Mwa makanda, monga makoswe ena ambiri, maso awo satseguka mpaka atafika zaka 15.

Chochititsa chidwi: Achichepere amakhala opanda tsitsi nthawi yambiri yodyetsa. Kuletsa kuyamwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera kwa mayi kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi 3-4.

Popeza abambo omwe amalumikizana ndi mkazi m'modzi amapitilira kwina, samapereka gawo lalikulu posamalira makoswe ang'ono. Zinyalala zazing'onizo zimakhala zopanda ntchito kwa milungu iwiri, mpaka tsitsi lawo liyambanso kubwereranso, maso awo atatseguka, ndipo samayamba kuyenda kwambiri. Kuyamwa kumayendetsedwa ndi zoyesayesa za amayi. Makoswewo atakhwima atakula kwambiri, amakhalabe mu chisa cha amayi.

Kukhwima mu kugonana kwa abambo kumachitika kale kuposa momwe amapatsidwa mwayi wogonana. Izi ndichifukwa choti pali mpikisano waukulu wopezeka wamkazi ndi estrus ndipo ndizovuta kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mwayi wocheza ndi anyamata kapena atsikana. Zachikazi zimapanga chisa chautali kumadera akutali a ngalandeyo, komwe makoswe ang'onoang'ono komanso osathandiza.

Adani achilengedwe a makoswe a bamboo

Chithunzi: Kodi khoswe wa bamboo amawoneka bwanji?

Makoswe otchuka a mbewa za bamboo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo awo. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimatha kusintha mitundu yolimbana ndi zilombo zamitundu mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitunduyi. Umboni wina ukusonyeza kuti utoto umalumikizidwa ndi malo ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuthekera kosawonekera kwenikweni m'deralo.

Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe a bamboo nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza kwa nzika zawo ndipo amatetezedwa mwankhanza ndi zonse zomwe angathe kupeza. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu ogwidwa a C. badius amakhala pamalo owopsa, omwe akuwonetsa kuti akufuna kudziteteza. Makoswe a bamboo amayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyika makatani awo amphamvu.

Zotsatsa zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino za makoswe a bamboo ndizophatikizira:

Kumwera kwa China, Laos, ndi Myanmar, makoswe a bamboo amadyedwa ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amawononganso makoswe ochuluka kwambiri aku Norway, ndikuwatenga ngati tizirombo. Zimathanso kusakidwa ndi mitundu iliyonse ya nyama zomwe zimakonda kusaka, mbalame, ndi zokwawa zomwe zimakhala mdera limodzi.

Mitundu ina yamatambala imawonedwa ngati tizirombo zazikulu kwambiri zoyamwitsa nthawi zonse. Adaphetsa anthu ambiri kuposa nkhondo zonse m'mbiri. Amakhulupirira kuti matenda oyambitsidwa ndi makoswe apha anthu ambiri pazaka 1000 zapitazi kuposa nkhondo zonse ndi zisinthidwe zomwe zakhala zikulimbana. Amadyetsa nsabwe ndi utitiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mliri wa bubonic, typhoid, trichinosis, tularemia, jaundice wopatsirana komanso matenda ena akuluakulu.

Makoswe amathandizanso kuwonongeka kwa malo, kuphatikizapo mbewu, kuwonongeka ndi kuipitsidwa kwa malo osungira zakudya za anthu, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mbali zamkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba. Akuti makoswe amayambitsa mabiliyoni ambiri kuwonongeka padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Komabe, kuvulaza kuchokera ku makoswe a bamboo ndizochepa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Mtengo wa bamboo

Kuchulukana kwa malo okhalaentent ndiopitilira anthu awiri ndi theka pa kilomita imodzi. Mtunduwu udalembedwa kuti ndiwo mtundu wocheperako pang'ono kwambiri chifukwa chakugawidwa kambiri, ndipo akuti alipo ambiri.

Imapezeka m'malo angapo otetezedwa, imakhala yololerana pamlingo wosintha zachilengedwe, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti chiwerengero chake sichingathe kutsika mwachangu kuti ayenerere kuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wamagulu owopsa. Nyama zimakhulupirira kuti zimakhala m'malo otetezedwa ku India ndi Nepal.

• Dampa Zinyama Zakutchire,
• Mizoram Reserve.

• Chitwan Royal National Park, (Central Nepal),
• Makalu Barun National Park, (East Nepal).

Mtunduwu waphatikizidwa mu Ndandanda V (yowonedwa ngati tizilombo) wa Indian Wildlife Protection Act kuyambira 1972. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amafunikira pakugawa, kuchuluka, chilengedwe komanso kuwopseza kwa taxa yodziwika iyi. Maphunziro owonjezera a taxonomic akuwonetsa kuti taxon iyi ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo, yomwe ingafune kuwunikiranso manambala a Red Book.

Nthawi zambiri, nsapato za bamboo yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ena zakudya, makamaka, anthu atha kutsika chifukwa cha kukolola zochuluka. Amawonongekanso ngati chomera chakumunda cha mphira m'magawo ake (monga Myanmar), komwe amatha kupezeka ndi nyama pafupifupi 600 pa hekitala iliyonse. Ku South Asia, akuwopsezedwa kwanuko chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala, moto wamatchi, komanso kusaka makoswe a nsungwi kuti agwiritse ntchito zachilengedwe.