1. Ma guillemot ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri za banja lodetsedwa lomwe limapezeka kudera lamapiri.
Kayra ndiofala ku Northern Hemisphere ndipo amakhala nzika za North North.
2. Kayr - woimira kwambiri Arctic expanses. Amakhala pagombe lakumpoto la Eurasia. Masiku ano, pali mbalame pafupifupi 3 miliyoni.
3. Kayr amakhala m'mphepete mwa Novaya Zemlya, Iceland ndi Greenland. Kwawo kwa mbalameyo ndi Franz Josef Land ndi Svalbard. Madera akum'mawa ali ndi malire ku Kodiak Island ndi Aleutian Islands, ndipo madera akum'mwera ndi malire ndi gombe la Alaska.
4. Moyo wawo wonse mbalame izi zimayandama popendekera madzi oundana, komwe zimasaka, kupeza chisa ndikukhala.
5. Mitundu iwiri ya mbalame zomwe zimachita kupezeka kuti ndi zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi mitundu iwiri ya mbalame zomwe zimapezeka mwachilengedwe. Ma guillemot okhala ndi mitengo komanso owonda kwambiri ndi ofanana kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo ndi osiyanitsa ndi kukula komanso kutsinde kwa mulomo.
Ma guillemots otsika kwambiri
6. Ma guillemots omwe amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo. Pankhani ya utoto, gillemot imakumbutsa pang'ono penguin; imakhala ndi msana wakuda ndi m'mimba loyera. Guillemot yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi miyeso yapakati: kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 45-55, kulemera kwa 900 gramu - 1.5 kilogalamu.
7. Thupi la chinsalu cholimba kwambiri limakhala lotalika kumtunda ndipo limayenda pansi. Mchira wake nthawi zambiri umakutidwa ndikukula, ngati penguin weniweni. Mlomo wamtundu wamtunduwu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, wandiweyani, wowonda komanso wowerama.
8. Ma guillemots omwe amakhala ndi mitengo italiitali amakonda madzi am'madzi ambiri. M'magulu akulu, guillemother wamtunduwu umagwirizana bwino ndi nthumwi zoonda zamtundu, ma visa, t-malaya ndi mbalame zina.
9. Guillemot yolimba kwambiri, monga nthumwi yoona ya nsomba zam'madzi, ndi gawo lofunikira pakatundu wa polar.
10. Kutetezedwa kwa mbalameyi kumachitika m'malo ena osungira nyama, komwe gawo lomwe amakhala limasanjidwa kapena kuzizira.
Ma guillemots oletsa
11. Kukula kwa ma guillemot woonda kwambiri kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 40-45, kulemera kwake sikumapitilira kilogalamu imodzi, ndipo mapiko ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70.
12. Murre wopendekera pang'ono amakhala ndi khosi lalifupi, lilibe ma golide m'mbali za thupi, khungu lake limakhala lakuda kwambiri kuposa la murre wonenepa kwambiri.
13. Pali mitundu ingapo yama guillemot yopendekera, yomwe imasiyana m'malo awo. Mzere wodziwika bwino wamakona amkamwa umapezeka kokha mwa oimira ena oonda a mitundu ya guillemot.
14. Ku Scotland, malo osungirako apadera olembetsedwa opangidwa, omwe ali m'gulu la nyama zotetezedwa. Amapezeka pachilumba cha Fula, Cape Samboro Head komanso chilumba cha Noss.
15. Ku Iceland, ziwonetsero zozungulira za ma guillemots zoonda ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu mdzikolo.
16. Ngakhale kuti onse oyimira mitunduyi ali ofanana wina ndi mnzake, ma guillemot sanakhalepo mitundu yobiriwira, kusankha kusankha bwenzi kuchokera pakati pa magulu awo.
17. Palibe zofanana m'madzi a guillemot, ndiye chinthu chomwe mbalame imamva bwino. Pansi pamadzi, imasambira mwachangu, imayendetsedwa bwino ndi mapiko, mchira ndi miyendo, ndipo imatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo kayendedwe ka kayendedwe. Ngakhale nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri yoyaka siyisiya kusiya nyama yolusa.
18. Koma mlengalenga komanso pamtunda, mbalameyo imawoneka yosasangalatsa - nkovuta kwa gillemot kuyendayenda pamadzi oundana chifukwa cha maulendo apafupi.
19. Kayra amafuna nyanja zakumpoto ndi nyanja zam'madzi, momwe mumapezeka nsomba zambiri. Mbalame imamverera bwino ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kwambiri. Komabe, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino, guillemot imafunikira chakudya komanso madzi osazizira.
20. Kukhazikika nyengo yachisanu kumpoto, Kuyandikira kum'mwera ma guillemot amayenda nthawi yachisanu.
21. Kayra - mbalame yayikulu yomwe siimva bwino m'mlengalenga. Mapiko aang'ono ndi thupi lalikulu silimalola mfuti kuti ituluke.
22. Kuti muchite izi, mzimayi wakumpoto akwera m'mphepete ndipo amatuluka kuchokera m'matanthwe okwezeka, natambasula mapiko ake, ndikutsika, ndikuwuluka, amathamangira m'mphepete mwa mpweya, nkusintha mapiko ake ndikugwira msanje.
23. Mchira wa guillemot ndiwocheperako kuti ugwire, motero, kusintha njira, guillemot imagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake yayikulu ndi zimagwira zazikulu.
24. Pa kuthawa, guillemot imatulutsa khosi lake kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame ikhale yayikulupo.
25. Kuti akwere mlengalenga kuchokera kumadzi, guillemot iyenera kuthamanga osachepera 10 metres pamadzi.
26. A Guillemots ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'midzi yayikulu, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, mwachitsanzo, shag, puffins, ndi maulendo a tsiku. Pamodzi, mbalamezi zimapanga "nyumba zam'madzi zazikulu" zam'maso zomwe zimakhala mderali kwambiri mwakuti mbalame zimakhala moyandikana.
27. M'mudzi wambiri iwo amafuula nthawi zonse, masiku a polar amatha kukhala otanganidwa nthawi yonse. Amveka ngati "ar-ra", "ar-rr" ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri amakangana: amuna chifukwa cholimbana chachikazi, chachikazi - pakati pawo akamamenyera malo abwino kwambiri.
28. Khosi la murre limakhalanso lakuda, ngati msana wake, komabe, nthawi yozizira, chovala m'khosi chimakhala choyera.
29. Mosasamala nyengo yanji, mulomo wa guellem umakhalabe wakuda nthawi zonse.
30. Monga lamulo, mkazi kuchokera kwa abambo aamuna siwosiyana, kukula kokha.
31. Mbidzi zam'nyanja zotere zimakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'madzi ozizira, kutuluka nthawi yokhazikika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuswana ndi kuyikira mazira, ma guillemot amasankhidwa pamiyala.
32. Nthawi yawo yobereketsa imayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti zazikazi zimayikira dzira lokhalo, ndikusankha miyala yamiyala yomangira ana.
33. Mwakutero, ma guillemot alibe chisa chotere - kugona kumachitika mwachindunji pamphepete mwa miyala, kukhumudwitsidwa komwe kumangidwa ndi miyala.
34. Ma guillemots amasankha bwino malo osakanikirana, chifukwa malamulo angapo akuyenera kutsatiridwa omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa dzira ndi kupulumuka mwana wankhuku mumikhalidwe yovutayi.
35. Chisa sichikhala kunja kwa malire a msika wa mbalame, osakhala osakwana mita 5 pamwamba pa nyanja.
36. Ubwino wowonjezereka womwe umathandizira kusunga clutch ndi gawo losunthika la mphamvu yokoka ndi dzira loboola pakati. Chifukwa cha izi, sikutulutsa mzere, koma limabweranso, ndikulongosola bwalo.
37. Komabe, kuwunikira kumayamba kale pa siteji iyi: atayambitsa mkangano ndi oyandikana nawo, makolo ena nawonso amaponya dzira limodzi. Mwana wankhuku kapena dzira likafa nthawi inayake, wamkazi amatha kuyikanso lina, mpaka katatu pachaka.
38. Mitundu ya mazira imatha kukhala yoyera, imvi komanso yamtambo, mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse ndi osiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake a kaphatikizidwe ndi chipolopolo. Dzira lililonse ndilopadera ndipo makolo amatha kuzindikira mosavuta pakati pa ena.
39. Nthawi ya makulidwe imatenga masiku 28-36, pambuyo pake makolo onse awiri amadyetsa mwana wina masabata atatu. Aguellem ndi makolo osamala kwambiri omwe kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo amadyetsa nsomba zawo zazing'ono ndi chipolopolo.
40. Kenako ikadzafika nthawi yomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti mfuti inyamule chakudya chowonjezereka ndipo mwana ayenera kulumphira pansi. Patatha mwezi umodzi kuti mwana wa nkhuku asungidwe, makolo amalimbikitsa anawo kuti atsike m'madzi, ndipo amawaphunzitsa momwe angayeretsere nsomba ndi kuthawa kwa adani.
41. Kudyetsa kumayima tsiku loti anawo atengere m'madzi. Chifukwa chake ma guillemot amathandizira anapiye kusaka. Popeza anapiyewo sanakhalepo ndi tsitsi lokwanira, kulumpha kwina kumatha ndi imfa.
42. Komabe, ana ambiri amakhalabe ndi moyo, chifukwa cha mafuta ochuluka komanso opendekera, ndikuphatikizana ndi abambo awo kuti apite kukazizira (akazi azilumikizana nawo pambuyo pake).
43. Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, nyengo yanyini ikatha, ndi agillemelo amasintha malo. Pamodzi ndi makolo, apaulendo achichepere amapita koyambirira.
44. Chakudya chachikulu cha guillemot ndi nsomba zamitundu iliyonse ndi kukula kwake. M'nyengo yozizira, nsomba zikafika zochepa, ma galillemotters amasangalala ndi nkhono, ma mollusks, mphutsi ndi zina zam'madzi zam'madzi.
45. nsomba, monga lamulo, zimadyedwa mukangodzigwira - mwachindunji pamadzi. Pamtunda, nyama imagwiridwa sichichitika kawirikawiri, kokha kudyetsa anapiye.
46. Malo osungirako agalu amadzakhala nawo kwamuyaya. M'moyo wake wonse, iye amakhala m'malo ano, akuwuluka mobwerezabwereza chaka chilichonse.
47. Nthawi zina ma guillembo amatha kukhala popanda gombe; nthawi yosamukira, mbalame zimayendayenda popanda mavuto pamayendedwe oundana, kumizidwa m'madzi okha kuti tipeze chakudya.
48. Nthawi yayitali yomwe mbalamezi ikuyembekeza imakhala zaka 30, ngakhale asayansi adalemba za moyo wautali kwambiri - pafupifupi zaka 43.
49. Munthawi zachilengedwe, agiriki alibe konse adani - chifukwa cha nyengo yankhalwe. Mwa zolengedwa zowopsa, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa anapiye, pakhoza kukhala mitundu yayikulu ya nkhanu, nkhandwe ya arctic, khwangwala, kadzidzi. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimatha kugwera mu maukonde asodzi kapena kuphwanyidwa ndi madzi oundana. Nthawi zambiri, mazira amagwa chifukwa chakuti makolo sanasankhe malo abwino oti angagonekepo. Koma zochitika zazing'onozi komanso zopanda izi sizikhudza kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu obwera chifukwa cha anthu okalamba komanso oonda.
50. Mbalame zamtunduwu sizimawopa anthu - zimatha kuloleza asayansi kuti akhale pafupi kwambiri, zomwe zimawalola kuti aphunzire kwambiri. Anthu m'njira zonse zotheka amateteza mbalamezi m'malo omwe amapezeka momwe gillemot imabisalira.
Kuwoneka kwa guillemot
Mbalamezi ndi zazing'onoting'ono, matupi awo amafika masentimita 40-50. Wachikulire amalemera kuyambira magalamu 800 mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono, motero zimayenda movutikira. Ndikosavuta kwa iwo kuwuluka kuchokera m'matanthwe okwezeka, ndikokwanira kuthamangitsa pansi ndikungotambasula mapiko anu. Kuti ichoke pamtunda, mbalameyo imayenera kuthamanga pamwamba pa madzi pafupifupi mita 9 mpaka 10.
Alonda pofufuza chakudya.
Zowonjezera za thupi lakumaso ndi zakuda, m'munsi zimakhala zoyera. Mtundu wa khosi umatengera nyengo: nthawi yotentha imakhala yakuda, nthawi yozizira imakhala yoyera. Mlomo wakuda. Pali mitundu iwiri ya guillemot: yakuda-yopyapyala komanso yopyapyala. Kunja, siosiyananso. Amakhala limodzi, koma matani amapezeka mwa mitundu yake.
Khalidwe ndi zakudya zamaguluguwa
Nthawi yochezerayo ikatha, agalu amachoka m'matanthwe ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa ayezi. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, nthawi imeneyi mbalame zimakhazikika nthawi yachisanu. Panthawi yozizira, dera lophimba ayezi limachuluka, amakula ndipo mbalame zimapita kumwera, limodzi nawo.
Kayra ndi mbalame yakumpoto.
Mbalame sizibisala zazambiri, koma zazing'ono, zina zimatha kukhala zokha. Kusaka kumachitika pansi pa madzi. Ma guillemot ndi akuya mamita 15 mpaka 20 ndi nsomba pamenepo. Momwe chakudya chimakhalira ndi cod, hering, capelin, gerbil, ndi polod. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, amagwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi, nkhanu, ndi nyongolotsi zam'nyanja. Patsiku limodzi lokha, mbalameyi imadya magalamu 300 kapena kuposerapo, pomwe zonyalazo zimasiya matumbo, unyinji womwe umachoka pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a chakudya.
Zinyalala za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi michere yambiri ndipo ndi chakudya cha nsomba ndi chipolopolo. Zakudya zomaliza pa zinyalala za a guilleman, zimakula, zichulukana ndi kukhala chakudya cha mbalamezi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Izi mbalame zambiri chisa. Kuyamba kwa nthawi imeneyi kuli kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Gulu la mbalame limakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'matanthwe. Mbalamezi zimachita phokoso kwambiri. Pamasewera akukhwima komanso ndewu zazimuna zazimayi zimafuula kwambiri. Akazi amapanga mawu amodzimodzi, amagawa gawo ndikuyesera kupambana mwala wabwinoko. Ubwenzi wa mbalame sukusiyana ngakhale pakati pa gulu lawo.
Akazi amayikira mazira m'malo awo ogonjetsedwa. Kumanga kumakhala dzira limodzi. Mbalamezi sizichita nawo ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza chisa. Wamkazi amayikira dzira m'matumba mwake ndikuphimba thupi.
Makolo onsewa amawaswa mazira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha mwezi. Wamkazi ndi wamphongo amakhala pa dzira, pomwe wina amakhala ndi ana amtsogolo, wachiwiri akusaka ndikudya. Popeza mazira agona pamiyala yopanda kanthu, kuti amuteteze kuti asagwere, chilengedwe chimamupatsa mawonekedwe achilendo mawonekedwe a peyala. Wasintha likulu la mphamvu yokoka. Chifukwa cha zonsezi, dzira siligwa, koma limangofotokoza arc ngati ikakankhidwa.
Guillemots pa chisa.
Thupi la anapiye ongobadwa kumene limaphimbidwa kwambiri. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa komanso kubweretsa chakudya. Pazaka zitatu zokha, fluff imasinthidwa ndi maula. Ndizovuta kale kuti mbalame zachikulire zibweretse chakudya kwa anapiyewo mpaka mamita makumi pamwamba pansi.
Makolo okhala ndi ziwonetsero amayamba kupanga mawu kuti agwe pansi. Ana ang'ono atambasula mapiko awo, amathamangira pansi ndikuganiza pang'onopang'ono pamadzi. Ngakhale kuti anapiye amabwera mosabereka komanso kuchokera kutalika pafupifupi 50 metres, samasweka. Izi ndichifukwa cha thupi lawo laling'ono. Ana enanso amaphunzira moyo ndi kukulira m'madzi ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja. Pafupifupi, guillemot amakhala zaka pafupifupi 30.
Adani
Kuthengo, mbalamezi zilibe mdani. Kuopseza mbalameyo kumatha kukhala m'madzi, chifukwa zilombo sizingathe kufika pamatanthwe pomwe mbalamezi zimakhala. Komabe, m'madzi a ku Arctic kulibe nsomba zomwe zimadya, chifukwa chake mdani wamkulu wa guillemot ndi munthu.
Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimapeza asodzi kuchokera maukonde awo. Zachilengedwe zimatha kusewera nthabwala yoyipa ndi mbalame: ayezi munyanja akusintha ndipo mbalameyo imagwera mumtengo wowonda. Kayra sangathe kunyamuka ndipo amafera pomwepo.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Guillemot wopatsa mphamvu
Dzina lina la mitunduyi ndi guillemot (Uria lomvia). Nyakwawa yokhala ndi mbewa yakuda imakhala ndi msana wakuda. Pachifuwa komanso pamimba yoyera, mbali ndi mikwingwirima yotuwa. Ku North America, zachilengedwe ndizofala ku Alaska ndi Aleutian Islands. Pangani magulu akuluakulu. Mwa njira, kunali kufuula kokweza kwa ma guillem omwe amapatsa mawu akuti "msika wa mbalame". Zisa zawo zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa chimanga ndi zingwe zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Msodzi waukulu ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono, krill ndi mollusk, kenako mbalame zimalowa pansi. Swallow yomwe imagwidwa mwachindunji pamadzi. Ma guillem okhala ndi mitengo itatuitali amasamukira nyengo yozizira kupita kumapeto kwa madzi opanda ayezi.
Ku Russia, ma guillemots okhala ndi mitengo yayitali kuchokera ku gombe la Murmansk kupita ku Kamchatka ndi Chukotka, ndipo amakhala ku Franz Josef Land. Mu clutch pali dzira limodzi lokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima; mtundu wake umasiyana kuchokera pa kuyera mpaka kubiriwira.
