Kanema wokongola wa cuttlefish, amakupatsani mwayi wokometsetsa mphamvu zachilengedwe za cephalopod mollusk - kuthekera kosintha mitundu mwachangu. Maluwa cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi) adajambulidwa ndi wochokera ku Japan Maritime Club. Mollusk amasintha mawonekedwe ake pogwiritsa ntchito ma chromatophores - maselo akhungu okhala ndi khungu.
Ambiri okhala m'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti aphatikize ndi malo ozungulira. Mtundu wowala bwino wa maluwa otchereza amatanthauza chinthu chimodzi: "Osandidya!" Mollusk siwoponso poyerekeza ndi octopus owopsa wamtambo, komanso sakhalanso kawirikawiri kwa anthu.
Maluwa odulira maluwa amatchedwa "chameleon." Cuttlefish ndi ma cephalopod ena ambiri - gulu la nyama lomwe limaphatikizanso squid ndi octopus - lingasinthe mtundu mu 300 milliseconds (magawo atatu mwa sekondi).
Kufalitsa
Mitundu yachilengedwe, kuyambira ku Mangera kupita kum'mwera kwa New Guinea, imapezeka pafupi ndi Sulawesi, Moluccas, ndipo ngakhale kuzilumba za Malaysia za Mabul ndi Sipanada.
Pa Okutobala 9, 1874, chachikazi chinakatoleredwa mu Nyanja ya Arafura pakuya kwa mita 51 kuchokera ku Challenger, tsopano ikusungidwa mu London Museum of Natural History.
Zizindikiro zakunja za maluwa otchetcha kunja.
Maluwa cuttlefish ndi kakang'ono ka cephalopod mollusk, kutalika kwake kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 8 sentimita. Mkazi ndi wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna. Oimira onse a Metasepia ali ndi mitima itatu (mitima iwiri ya gill ndi gawo lalikulu loyenda), dongosolo lamanjenje mwa mphete, magazi amtambo okhala ndi mankhwala amkuwa.
Maluwa odulira maluwa amakhala ndi mahema 8, pomwe pali mizere iwiri ya makapu oyamwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mahema awiri omata, omwe ali ofanana ndi maupangiri a "batons".
Pamwamba pa malekezero ochititsa chidwiwo ndi osalala kutalika konse, ndipo kumapeto kwawo kuli ndi makapu akulu akulu. Maluwa cuttlefish amapaka utoto wakuda. Koma kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, matupi awo amakhala azithunzi ndi zoyera, ndipo matenthewo amakhala ofiira.
Khungu la cephalopods lili ndi ma chromatophores ambiri okhala ndi maselo a pigment, omwe maluwa otulutsa maluwa amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kutengera chikhalidwe chakumbuyo. Akazi ndi amuna amakhala ndi mithunzi yofananira, kupatula nyengo yakukhwima.
Thupi la cuttlefish limakutidwa ndi chovala chovala chambiri, chomwe chimakutidwa kumbali ya dorsoventral. Kumbali yamkati mwa chovalacho pali awiriawiri atali tating'ono, tating'ono, tofanana ndi papillae, womwe umaphimba maso. Mutu umakhala wocheperako kuposa chovala chonse.
Kutsegula pakamwa kumazunguliridwa ndi njira khumi. Mwa abambo, gawo limodzi la mahema limasinthidwa kukhala hectocotylus, lomwe limafunikira kuti lisungidwe ndi kufalitsa kwa spermatophore kwa mkazi.
Kusintha kwamtundu wamaluwa odulira.
Maluwa cuttlefish amangokhala pamtundu wa silika. Mapiri okhala pansi pa madzi otsetsereka okhala ndi zotsalira zokhala ndi zolengedwa zambiri zimakhala ndi michere yambiri yomwe imadyetsa maluwa oyamwa. M'malo amenewa, ma cephalopods amawonetsa chidwi, chomwe chimawathandiza kuphatikiza mitundu yonse ya pansi.
Ngati chiwopsezo cha moyo, maluwa otulutsa maluwa amasintha mitundu kukhala utoto wonyezimira, wachikaso, ofiira.
Kusintha kwa ma Instant kumatengera ndi ziwalo zapadera zotchedwa chromatophores. Mphamvu ya chromatophores imayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, kotero, khungu la thupi lonse limasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu ikugwira ntchito mu konsati. Zojambulajambula zimayenda thupi lonse, ndikupanga chithunzi chosunthika.
Ndiwofunikira pakusaka, kulumikizana, kutetezedwa komanso kubisala moyenera. Zovala za Violet pamitundu yoyera nthawi zambiri zimasunthira mbali yakumaso kwa chovalacho; mawonekedwe okongoletsa amenewo anapatsa dzina la "maluwa odulira" kumtundu. Mitundu yowoneka bwinoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchenjeza zolengedwa zina za poizoni wa ma cephalopod.
Pakakhala kuukira, maluwa odulira maluwa samasintha mtundu kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukutana ndi ma tententi awo, kuchenjeza mdani. Zikafika poipa kwambiri, zimathawa, ndikutulutsa inki yopanda ululu kuti ipangitse kuti nyama zomwe zidagwere.
Kufalitsa kwa maluwa odulira maluwa.
Maluwa cuttlefish dioecious. Akazi nthawi zambiri amagonana ndi amuna ambiri. Amphongo nthawi yakutha kubereka amakhala ndi utoto wokongola kuti akope akazi.
Amuna ena amatha kusintha mtundu kuti uziwoneka ngati wamkazi, kupewa wamwamuna wankhanza kwambiri, komanso kufikira kwa akazi kuti akwatile.
Maluwa cuttlefish ali ndi umuna wamkati. Amuna ali ndi chiwalo chapadera, hectocotyl, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ndikusintha ma spermatophores (mapaketi a umuna) kumadera a buccal aakazi nthawi yomwe ikukula. Yaikazi imagwira ma spermatophores ndi ma tentpent ndi kuyikira mazira awo.
Pambuyo umuna, yaikazi imayika mazira amodzi munthawi imodzi ming'alu ndi mphako za seat kuti zibisala ndikuziteteza kwa adani. Mazira ndi oyera osati ozungulira; Kukula kwawo kumatengera kutentha kwa madzi.
Akuluakulu cuttlefish samasamala za ana, akazi, kuyikira mazira m'malo obisika, amafa ndikumera. Kutalika kwa moyo wa maluwa oyambira m'chilengedwe ndi kuyambira 18 mpaka 24 miyezi. Mtundu wa cuttlefish samakonda kusungidwa, chifukwa chake, machitidwe omwe ali muukapolo sanatchulidwe.
Khalidwe la maluwa oterera.
Maluwa odulira maluwa ndi osambira pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi ena acephalopod, monga squid. "Fupa" lamkati limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino poyendetsa mpweya ndi madzi, omwe amalowa m'zipinda zapadera za cuttlefish. Popeza "fupa" ndilochepa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi chovalacho, cuttlefish nthawi zambiri imatha kusambira kwa nthawi yayitali ndiku "yenda "pansi.
Maluwa otcheka maluwa ali ndi maso opambana. Amatha kuwona kuwala kwa polar, koma mawonekedwe awo si mitundu. Masana, maluwa akuthengo amayesetsa kusaka nyama.
Cuttlefish imakhala ndi ubongo wopangidwa bwino, komanso ziwalo zamawonedwe, kukhudza ndi kumva mafunde akumveka. Cuttlefish imasintha mtundu mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chake, mwina kukopa nyama kapena kuthana nazo. Ma cuttlefish ena amatha kudutsa mazaze okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka.
Thanzi la maluwa odulira maluwa.
Maluwa cuttlefish ndi nyama zolusa. Amadyera makamaka ma crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Mukugwira nyama, maluwa odulira otyoka pang'ono amaponyera matenti kutsogolo ndikugwira wovutayo, ndiye kuti abweretseni "m'manja".
Kugwiritsa ntchito pakamwa komanso lilime looneka ngati mkamwa - radula, yofanana ndi bulashi ya waya, cuttlefish imatenga chakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Chakudya chaching'ono ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudyetsa, chifukwa ma eophagus a cuttlefish sangathe kuphonya nyama yayikulu kwambiri.
Mtengo kwa munthuyo.
Maluwa cuttlefish ndi amodzi mwa mitundu itatu yodziwika ya cephalopods. Ma sumu a Cuttlefish ali ndi vuto lofanananso ndi poizoni wa buluu. Zinthu zake ndizowopsa kwa anthu.
Mapangidwe a poizoni amafunika kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Mwina ipezeka kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Mkhalidwe wosungira wa flowtlefish.
Maluwa cuttlefish alibe ulemu wapadera. Zambiri pang'onong'ono za moyo wa cephalopods wamtchire. Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Enter.
Maluwa cuttlefish (omwe amadziwikanso kuti penti, wowala kapena wowotcha) ndi amodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe ndakumana nazo m'chilengedwe komanso m'madzi am'madzi. Izi zodula bwino ndizilomboto zokongola, zaluso zomwe zimayendetsa moyo wakhanda ndikumwalira zikadali zazing'ono. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina adzagulitsidwa ku ukapolo, kuti onse okonda cephalopod akhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiweto chotere. Cuttlefish ndiosewera panyanja. Zimayenda m'madzi ngati ovina panyanja. Makina awo ochititsa chidwi akuthamanga akuwongolera mwachangu ndi liwiro komanso zolondola zomwe asitikali ankhondo amasilira. Utoto ndi mawonekedwe a nyamazo zimafanana ndi mwala wosalala, ndipo patapita mphindi asintha mawonekedwe ake, kuwonetsa chokongoletsera chamitundu itatu, komanso zina ngati chinyama chochokera ku nthano ya Greek. Ndipo ngakhale ma cuttlefish onse ali ndi izi, pali mtundu umodzi womwe umapangidwa mwanjira izi kuti zina zodula zimangomalizira poyerekeza ndi izi - Mtunduwu umatchedwa "Flowery Cuttlefish". Posachedwa kusungidwa Metasepia wokhala ndi shwangwa wamseri kumbuyo kwa kufanizira.
Maluwa odulira, Metasepia pfefferi, - chinyama chodabwitsa chomwe chimapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha. Madera akuluakulu otere a pansi pa mapiri a silt ndi matope oyambira poyamba amawoneka opanda pake, koma kwenikweni amakhala ndi zinyama zachilendo, makamaka, ziwanda zam'nyanja, singano zam'nyanja ndi mitundu ingapo yamaudindo. Woyenerera bwino kukhala kampani yachilendo, maluwa odulira maluwa, monga lamulo, ndi akatswiri oteteza, amatha kuphatikiza bwino ndi gawo la imvi. Komabe, mukuwopa, mitundu yosinthidwa kale imasinthira kukhala yofiirira yowala, yofiyira, yachikaso, ndi yoyera. Mitundu iyi imanyezimira m'thupi lonse la nyama. Flamboyant cuttlefish ndi olimba mtima modabwitsa, ngakhale ali ndi mantha, asunga gawo lawo ngakhale kuti chiwonetsero chautoto chitha kupitilira kwakanthawi. Kuchita kodabwitsa kotereku kunathandizira kukula kwa mbiya "yamatope", ndipo maluwa otcheka maluwa adakhala zinthu zovomerezedwa ndi ojambula pansi pamadzi ndi ochita makanema, kuphatikiza apo, adakhala nyama zofunika, koma sizinapezeke nyama wamba zam'madzi.
Metasepia yomwe yang'ambika mumchenga imawonetsa kukalamba.
"Flamboyant" mu dzina lantchito ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu, koma "cuttlefish" sichimanena mwachindunji ('cuttle' ndi 'nsomba'). Kumene mawu akuti 'cuttlefish' kapena 'cuttlefish' ("cuttlefish") sanamveke bwino. Malinga ndi wofufuza wa cephalopod, a John W. Forsyth, "Dzinali la Cuttlefish (cuttlefish) poyambirira limapezeka ngati mtundu wa katchulidwe ka dzina lachi Dutch kapena lachiorussia lanyama izi. Mawuwa achokera ku 'codele-fische' kapena 'kodle-fische'. Ku Germany, cuttlefish ndi squid amatchedwa tintenfische, zomwe zikutanthauza "nsomba za inki." Ndidamva kuti liwu loti 'fische' kwenikweni limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zolengedwa zilizonse zomwe zimakhala munyanja kapena zimagwidwa muukonde, osati nsomba zokha. Mulimonsemo, ndi momwe ndimadziwira komwe dzinalo linachokera. ”
Akuluakulu Metasepia.
Posachedwa, pakhala chizolowezi, m'mabwalo am'madzi ambiri, kupangitsa mayina a nyama kukhala "yolondola" kuti asasokonezedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa jellyfish (Jellyfish) kapena (Starfish) si nsomba, chifukwa chake amatchedwa Jellies ndi Sea Star (Starfish), motsatana. Mwina ndi nthawi yoti ayitani kuti cuttlefish 'cutways', chifukwa nawonso si nsomba.
Wofufuza wa Cephalopods Dr. James Wood akufotokozera mwachidule kuti: "Octopus, squids, cuttlefish and chipinda nautilus (bwato) ali m'gulu la Cephalopoda, kutanthauza 'mutu-kwa-phazi'. Gulu la Cephalopoda ndi la mtundu wa Mollusca (Mollusks), lomwe limaphatikizaponso bollve mollusks (scallops, oysters ndi zina bivalve mollusks) gastropod mollusks (nkhono, slugs, nudibranch mollusks), spade-legged mollusks (scapodiformes, polyphorida chitons) ”Komabe, mosiyana ndi abale awo, cephalopods amasuntha mwachangu, kusaka mwachangu komanso kuwoneka ngati nyama zanzeru. "
M'malo mwake, mtundu wa Metasepia umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri: Metasepia pfefferiMaluwa, omwe amatchedwanso Pfeffer's cuttlefish, omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa Indonesia kupita kumpoto kwa Australia ndi Papua New Guinea, ndi Metasepia tullbergi, chopukutira ndowa zopaka ku Hong Kong kupita kumwera Japan. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi chovala chaching'ono masentimita 67, pomwe chachikazi ndi chachikulu kuposa chachimuna. Mowoneka, ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso chimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mu "mafupa am'nyanja" a nyama. Oimira Metasepia, komanso ma cephalopod onse, ali ndimitima itatu (mitima iwiri kapena yapa gill ndi mtima wofunikira, womwe umapopa magazi kuzinthu zina zamthupi), ubongo wowoneka ngati mphete komanso wabuluu wokhala ndi magazi amkuwa. Amakhala ndi "mikono" 8 ndi mizere iwiri ya makapu oyamwa palokha komanso ziwiri zomata zokhala ndi ma batoni kumapeto kwake. Zomata zodabwiza ndizosalala kutalika konse; kokha pamalo osangalatsa a "baton" ndi makapu oyamwa, omwe ena ndi okulirapo. Mahema amaponyedwa kutsogolo, gwirapo nyama ndikubwera "m'manja". Wogwidwa akamagwidwa ndi "manja", nyamayo imatsogolera pakamwa pake ngati kamaliridwe ndi lilime, ndikufanana ndi bulashi ya waya, kuti achepetse kukula kwa amene akukhudzidwayo. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbewa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kumenyedwa kwa cuttlefish kudutsa pakati pa ubongo wam'kati wa nyama - kulanda kwambiri kungawononge ubongo wa nyama. Kusintha kwakuthwa kwamtundu wa maluwa otchepera kumachitika ndi ziwalo zapadera za khungu, ma chromatophores. Chromatophores imayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo ndizomwe zimaloleza kuti cuttlefish isinthe maonekedwe a thupi lawo lonse kudzera kulumikizana kwa minofu kusintha kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Mawonekedwe pakhungu alinso osasunthika, amatha kuyenda ngati chithunzi chowoneka bwino, akukhulupirira kuti amathandizira polumikizana, kusaka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chobisalira. Chitsanzo ndi nkhope ya chovala chakumaso, komwe mikwaso yofiirira imakonda kuyenda m'malo oyera ngati mtundu wa Metasepia.
Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa zilombo zobisala kapena kubisala, kutsata omwe angakhudzidwe, omwe akutulutsa maluwa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito ma tubercles (papillae) omwe amakhala pafupi ndi thupi, chifukwa chomwe amatha kusintha mtedzawu. Ma tubercoti akuluakulu mu chovala chapamwamba cha maluwa otcherera maluwa sakhala osasinthika. Maluwa cuttlefish amagwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu oyenda. Amakhala ndi fin yomwe imazungulira chovalacho ndikulola kuti nyamayo isunthe, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito "mayendedwe oyenda" chifukwa chodutsa madzi kudzera m'matumba ndi ngalande, zomwe zimawapatsa kuyenda mwachangu modabwitsa. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti, maluwa odulira maluwa nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi gawo mothandizidwa ndi "mikono" yakunja ndi mabatani awiri m'munsi mwa chovalacho ngati "miyendo". Monga momwe ndikuwonera, Cuttlefish Metasepia amakonda njira yosamukira, ndikusiyira gawo lokhalo pokhapokha ngati akuwopa kwambiri kapena ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi magulu a anthu omwe akuyesetsabe kujambula. Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya cuttlefish ndi "chithovu cha mnyanja" (kapena fupa lathyathyathya), lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ziweto monga kashiamu wokhala ndi calcium popangira nkhuku zokongoletsera. Cuttlefish imagwiritsa ntchito "chipolopolo" cham'chipinda chamtunduwu chokhala ndi zipolopolo kuti zisinthe, ndikudzaza matanga ndi mpweya, kapena kumasula. Chozizwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale "chithovu cham'madzi" chochekera kwambiri ndi kutalika kofanana ndi chovala cha nyamayo, "chithovu chamadzi" chamtundu wa diamondi chokhala ngati maluwa Kukula kochepa kwa "chithovu cham'madzi" kumatha kusokoneza kusambira ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndichifukwa chake maluwa otcherera maluwa amakonda kuyenda "pansi".
Monga ma cephalopods ena, akakhala mwamantha, maluwa otchepetsa maluwa amatha kupereka inki yambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti inki imakhala ngati chophimba cha utsi chololera kuti cuttlefish ibisala kwa omwe akuwathamangitsa, koma nthawi zambiri zomwe ndawona, nthawi zomwe Metasepia amatulutsa inki zinali ngati "pseudomorphs" kapena inki yowirikiza kawiri yomwe nyamayo amayembekeza kuithandiza kupewa wolusa, akumupatsa zolinga zingapo.
Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adatchulidwa mu TV yapa NOVA - Kings of Camouflage ndipo wochitidwa ndi Mark Norman akuwerenga cephalopods, akuyesera kufotokoza mitundu yachilendo, kulimba mtima ndi "kuyenda" kwa maluwa odulira maluwa. Malinga ndi Norman: “Zikuoneka kuti maluwa otyola maluwa ndi oopsa. Amakhalanso ndi poizoni, ngati phula lotchedwa buluu (kapena octopus wokhala ndi mphete zamtambo). Octopus wamtambo wokhala ndi buluu anapha anthu, chifukwa chake tikuchita ndi nsomba yoyamba kudula. Mkhalidwewo ndiwosangalatsa mbali zingapo. Choyamba, tikulankhula za mnofu wowopsa, i.e. minofu yomwe ili yapoizoni. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti nthumwi za gulu lino la nyama zikulankhula za mnofu wakufa. Kachiwiri, poizoni yekha sakudziwika. Ili ndi mtundu wina wa poizoni. Ma poizoni oterewa ndiye chinsinsi cha mndandanda wonse wazopezedwa mwanjira ya mankhwala aanthu ... Izi ndizotsatira zabwino, chifukwa zimafotokozera zochitika zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe. Ndipo kuopsa kotereku, kuwopsa, mwina kumalongosola zodabwitsa za nyamayo. Ndipo chakuti gulu la nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasambira kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali kuti zizibisala, zikuwoneka, siyani kusambira ndikuyamba "kuyenda" - iyi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakutsegulira mzere watsopano wa nyama izi. " Ndizotheka kuti kulumikizana ndi inki ya cuttlefish yolowanso maluwa kumakhalanso ndi poizoni, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira nyama izi mosamala, mutaganizira mosamala mosamala.
Metasepia amayamba moyo wawo ngati mazira ochepa kwambiri omwe amayikidwa pansi, pansi pamphepete kapena nthawi zina amabisidwa ndi chipolopolo cha kokonati. Mazira amayikidwa payokha, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupi 8 mm. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya cuttlefish, zazikazi sizimatulutsa ink mu mazira, kotero mazira amawoneka oyera kapena otuluka.
Chifukwa chake, sizovuta kuwona chitukuko cha cuttlefish mkati mwa dzira. Kukula kwa cuttlefish, akamaswa kuchokera ku mazira, kutalika pafupifupi 6 mm, kunja kumafanana ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono. Ngakhale mu m'badwo uno, ndi olusa, okonzeka kulowa kudziko lapansi ndikuyamba kusintha mtundu, zakudya zawo zimakhala makamaka ndi crustaceans, gastropods ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nsomba.
2-day of Metasepia. Tchera khutu ku ndalama pansi pa thankiyo ndi nyama.
Monga cephalopods onse, Metasepia cuttlefish amakula msanga ndipo amatha kufikira zazikulu ngati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pakatulutsidwa mazira. Akazi achikulire a Metasepia ndi okulirapo kuposa amphongo, kutalika kwake kwa malaya kumafika masentimita 8, pomwe kukula kwa chovala cha amuna sikupitilira masentimita 4-6, ngakhale kuli kusagwirizana pakufotokozera kukula kwa nyama izi. Monga ma cuttlefish ambiri, Metasepia mate "mutu". Wamphongo wagona mbali ina ya umuna, yotchedwa spermatophore, kudzera mwa “mkono” womanga chihemacho ndi poyambira poyatsira hectocotyl, wamkati mwa chovala chachikazi. Kusweka kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri, yamphongo imayandikira mwachangu, kumatula umuna ndipo imachokanso mwachangu, mwina chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pa kukula kwa zibwenzi. Metasepia cuttlefish imakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, kumapeto kwa moyo wake imawoneka yosagwira, chifukwa nyamazo zikulowa gawo lokalamba. Kuwongolera kwa kuyenda kumakulirakulira, kuwonongeka kwa khungu kumatha kuwonekera, chifukwa choganiza kuti cephalopod mollusk sasiya kuvutikira konse, kuphatikiza chakudya, kapena ngakhale polychaetes kapena nkhonya zam'mimba zimadya chihema chake.
Lingaliro losunga cephalopods zosowa kwambiri Wunderpus chithunzigenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus ndi mitundu iwiri Metasepia spp, idatsegula zokambirana zazikuluzikulu, makamaka chifukwa chakuti kukula ndi komwe anthu ali m'chilengedwe sizidziwika. Ngakhale maonekedwe achidziwitso, zithunzi kapena makanema a nyama zodabwitsazi zitha kudziwika kuti ndizotsutsana. Ena amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti zidziwitso zatsatanetsatane ndi zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zitha kulimbikitsa oyenda m'madzi oyenda pansi kuti asankhe ndi kugula nyama, komanso kuyambitsa kupha nsomba kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti abwerere m'malo ake achilengedwe. Inemwini, ndikukhulupirira kuti kutamandidwa kwamtunduwu kungathandizenso kuteteza chilengedwe, osavulaza. Omwe alimi a cephalopod atha kuthandizika ndikuthandizira pakukulitsa chidziwitso cha nyama izi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kusinthana kwachidziwikire kungalole am'madzi kuti asankhe mwanzeru komanso moyenera zokhudzana ndi upangiri woyenera kusunga nyama izi. Ndizosatheka kupanga lingaliro lokonza Metasepia, ngakhale eni luso a cephalopod omwe ali ndi ma aquarium okhwima ayenera kupanga chisankho chokwanira pokhazikitsa mtunduwu. Kusunga nyama izi kumafuna zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zachindunji komanso zosamveka bwino, kotero ngati mukuganiza zochita izi, tengani nthawiyo ndikulemba zonse zomwe zachitika kuti ena aphunzire kuchokera ku zitsanzo zanu, poganizira zolakwika ndi zomwe wakwanitsa.
Chovuta chachikulu pakusunga cephalopod iliyonse ndikugula. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma cephalopods amalola kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amapulumutsidwa atafa mchikwama cha madzi akuda. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kulephera kubadwa kwa nyama kupilira zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi mayendedwe, kapena chifukwa chakuti sizimamvetseka bwinobwino kuti ndi zinthu ziti zofunika pakuyendetsa bwino nyamazi. Mulimonsemo, omwe amalowetsa kunja amakhala osamala ndikuwongolera nyamazi chifukwa cha kupulumuka kochepa. Mukusinthanitsa kwa aquarium, palibe kusiyana pakati pa Mitundu ya Metasepia, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti mupeze kope limodzi ndipo mwakonzeka kulipira kuchokera 300 mpaka 800 madola a chinyama, simungadziwe mtundu womwe mwapeza. Ndikhulupirira kuti nyama zambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwadi ndi nthumwi za Metasepia tullbergi kuchokera ku Japan, komwe anakulira m'mizinda yam'madzi. Metasepia pfefferi, monga momwe ndikudziwira, samapangidwa mwangozi kulikonse. Choyipa kwambiri pankhani yogula nyama izi m'madzi ndizoti nyama zambiri zomwe zimatengedwa ndi zazimuna zachikulire, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimangokhala milungu ingapo kapena miyezi yambiri osatha kubereka kapena kuyikira mazira. Kwa zaka 7 zapitazi, ndinakwanitsa kupeza makope atatu a Metasepia, ndikangoyendetsa kuchokera ku San Francisco kupita ku Los Angeles ndikubwerera tsiku limodzi ndikulinga ndi cholinga chimodzi - kupangira malo osavuta momwe ndingathandizire nyama kupulumuka. Zotengera zonse zitatuzi anali amuna achikulire ndipo adakhala miyezi iwiri mpaka inayi.
Kuti muchepetse nsomba za cuttlefish, Metasepia imafunikira malo okhala ndi madzi komanso madzi osasinthika oyenererana ndi malo okhala m'matanthwe. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 25.5c, mchere wamtunda 33.
5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.
4, pamene mulingo wa ammonia, nitrite ndi nitrate uyenera kukhala woyandikira kwambiri kwa 0. Zimakhulupirira kuti kupezeka kwa ammonia komwe kumayambitsa mavuto a cephalopods, kotero kuyesa pafupipafupi ndi "ammonia disk" kukuthandizani kudziwa kusintha kwamadzi ambiri.
Richard Ross: Metasepia ndi mnzake wa wolemba ku Lembach, Sulivesi.
Kusintha kofunikira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kutumizidwa kwa okosijeni ndi michere, komanso mtundu wa "inshuwaransi" ngati "inki yotchinga". Ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse mumakhala ndimakala ndi makala ndi mchere wosalala wosakanikirana - ngati inki ingawoneke. Mwala wokwanira wamiyala yokhala ndi / kapena macroalgae ndi "bonasi yowonjezera" yabwino pakujambula ndi kosungira. Ngakhale nyama imodzi, zimavomerezedwa kuti zipe gawo laling'ono la mainchesi 36 × 12 (aquarium yodziwika bwino yokwana 30-gallon yoweta nyama) kuti cuttlefish itha kuyenda. Ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ena monga dongo lamchere lochokera ku Caribbean kuphatikiza zigawo za 4 x 6 inchi kuchokera kuzinthu zilizonse zadyera, koma popeza Metasepia cuttlefish alibe chizolowezi chokumba mu gawo lapansi, mchenga wabwino ulinso woyenera. Kuwala kwachilengedwe kwanyengo kumakhala kokwanira ku Metasepia, ngakhale kungafunike china champhamvu kwambiri ngati macroalgae kapena korona wosavuta, wosagwiritsa ntchito (Discosoma, Nepthea, Xenia, ndi zina) amakhala limodzi ndi cephalopods mu dongosolo. Kuwala kwakukuru ndiwabwino chifukwa nyamazi ndizobowola. Pomwe zingatheke, ndimayesetsa kulumikiza malo anga okhala ndi ma cephalopod ndi zida zazikulu zamatanthwe. Pankhaniyi, ndimapeza madzi ambiri, magwiridwe antchito amadzi ambiri, pomwe zida zochepa ndizofunikira. Popeza Metasepia sathawa m'madzi am'madzi, popeza abale awo ndi octopus, palibe chifukwa chovindikira chovomerezeka ndipo sichovuta kulumikiza aquarium ndi dongosolo lomwe lilipo. Njira yabwino: aquarium yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhale ikuluikulu yomwe imatha kuleka kapena kulumikizidwa ngati muli ndi Metasepia wodula. Sindimakonda kusunga nsomba kapena cephalopods zilizonse ndi Metasepia: mwina Metasepia wakudyayo adzadya nsomba, kapena nsomba iyamba kuthamangitsa Metasepia ya cuttlefish. M'malo mwake, nyamazo sizipezeka kawirikawiri pamsika kotero kuti ine ndiwothandizira njira iliyonse yomwe ingawapatse mwayi wabwino wopulumuka ... zomwe zikutanthauzanso kupewa oyandikana nawo omwe ali mu aquarium. Nyama - oyeretsa am'madzi, monga nkhono, kuchuluka kwa hermit nkhanu ndi polychaete nyongolotsi (polychaetes) siziwadyedwa ndi cuttlefish Metasepia, pomwe athandizira kuyeretsa madzi am'madzi otsalira. Ngati maluwa oyamwa amatulutsa bwino, akhoza kuyamba kudya, makope atatu omwe ndinakwanitsa kuyambitsa kudyetsa mphindi zochepa nditayamba ku aquarium. Zikuwoneka kuti Metasepia cuttlefish imafunikira chakudya chochuluka kuposa ma cuttlefish ena, ndingayankhe kuwadyetsa katatu patsiku. Ngati chiweto sichilandira chakudya chokwanira, chimayamba kuyandama pamwamba pamadzi ndipo sichitha kulowa m'madzi, zikuwoneka kuti kusowa kwa chakudya kungagwirizanitsidwe ndi kuyendetsa bwino zakudya. Ndamva za milandu yomwe kumbuyo kwa Metasepia cuttlefish, yomwe idalandira chakudya chosakwanira, idaphwa chifukwa nyamayo idangokhala pamadzi ndikulephera kulowa m'madzi mwakuya. Pafupifupi shimpu yamoyo iliyonse imadyedwa ndi chilakolako cha chakudya. Ndakhala opambana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala komanso oundana a Palaemontes Vulgaris sea shrimp komanso shrimp yakwanuko ku San Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Yambani ndi amoyo ndikuyesa omwe achisanu, chifukwa chimodzi mwamaudindo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi Metesepia yomwe yangotumizidwa kumene ndi kuti nyama idye. Metasepia cuttlefish akuwonetsa chidwi pang'ono ndi nkhanu zamoyo kuposa ma cephalopods ena, ndipo thawed krill yozizira sanasiyidwe kotheratu.
Pambuyo pa kuyeserera kwa zaka 8 kosakwaniritsa, pobereketsa ndende ndinatha kupeza gulu la zojambula za Metasepia ku Steinhart Aquarium ku California Academy of Science: Ndipo ngakhale mkati mwa sabata loyamba 80% ya anyaniwa anamwalira ndi 90% m'mwezi woyamba, tidakwanitsabe mating a amuna amodzi ndi akazi angapo, omwe pambuyo pake amaikira mazira. Mazira ena omwe adayikidwa adayamba kale, ndipo panthawi yolemba, makope awiri a Metasepia aswa kale, mazira ena angapo akupitiliza kukula. Ili ndi gawo lopita patsogolo, mwatsoka, laling'ono kwambiri, panjira yosunga ndi kuswana nyama izi mu ukapolo. Ndikuyesetsa kusamalira ana. Izi zimandiuza kuti ngakhale ndizinthu monga malo akuluakulu am'madzi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti akuluakulu a Metasepia agwidwe amoyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, kupambana kwakung'ono kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti pali chiyembekezo cha kuphunzira, kumvetsetsa ndi kubereka kwa cephalopod odabwitsa awa ali muukapolo.
Maluwa cuttlefish ndi amodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe ndakumanapo ndi chilengedwe komanso malo am'madzi. Ndizilombo zokongola, zaluso zomwe zimayendetsa moyo wakhanda ndikumwalira zikadali zazing'ono. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina adzagulitsidwa ku ukapolo, kuti onse okonda cephalopod akhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiweto chotere. Ngati mungafune kukhala ndi cephalopod, pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri yogulitsa, zizolowezi zomwe zimadziwika zambiri ndipo ndizoyenererana ndi cephalopods woyamba kuposa Metasepia. Musanagule cephalopods, chonde onaninso zambiri zomwe zidaperekedwa ku www.TONMO.com.
Palibe Chonde nenani zowona ku [email protected]
Maluwa cuttlefish (omwe amadziwikanso kuti penti, wowala kapena wowotcha) ndi amodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe ndakumana nazo m'chilengedwe komanso m'madzi am'madzi. Izi zodula bwino ndizilomboto zokongola, zaluso zomwe zimayendetsa moyo wakhanda ndikumwalira zikadali zazing'ono. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina adzagulitsidwa ku ukapolo, kuti onse okonda cephalopod akhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiweto chotere. Cuttlefish ndiosewera panyanja. Zimayenda m'madzi ngati ovina panyanja. Makina awo ochititsa chidwi akuthamanga akuwongolera mwachangu ndi liwiro komanso zolondola zomwe asitikali ankhondo amasilira. Utoto ndi mawonekedwe a nyamazo zimafanana ndi mwala wosalala, ndipo patapita mphindi asintha mawonekedwe ake, kuwonetsa chokongoletsera chamitundu itatu, komanso zina ngati chinyama chochokera ku nthano ya Greek. Ndipo ngakhale ma cuttlefish onse ali ndi izi, pali mtundu umodzi womwe umapangidwa mwanjira izi kuti zina zodula zimangomalizira poyerekeza ndi izi - Mtunduwu umatchedwa "Flowery Cuttlefish". Posachedwa kusungidwa Metasepia wokhala ndi shwangwa wamseri kumbuyo kwa kufanizira.
Maluwa odulira, Metasepia pfefferi, - chinyama chodabwitsa chomwe chimapezeka makamaka m'malo otentha. Madera akuluakulu otere a pansi pa mapiri a silt ndi matope oyambira poyamba amawoneka opanda pake, koma kwenikweni amakhala ndi zinyama zachilendo, makamaka, ziwanda zam'nyanja, singano zam'nyanja ndi mitundu ingapo yamaudindo. Woyenerera bwino kukhala kampani yachilendo, maluwa odulira maluwa, monga lamulo, ndi akatswiri oteteza, amatha kuphatikiza bwino ndi gawo la imvi. Komabe, mukuwopa, mitundu yosinthidwa kale imasinthira kukhala yofiirira yowala, yofiyira, yachikaso, ndi yoyera. Mitundu iyi imanyezimira m'thupi lonse la nyama. Flamboyant cuttlefish ndi olimba mtima modabwitsa, ngakhale ali ndi mantha, asunga gawo lawo ngakhale kuti chiwonetsero chautoto chitha kupitilira kwakanthawi. Kuchita kodabwitsa kotereku kunathandizira kukula kwa mbiya "yamatope", ndipo maluwa otcheka maluwa adakhala zinthu zovomerezedwa ndi ojambula pansi pamadzi ndi ochita makanema, kuphatikiza apo, adakhala nyama zofunika, koma sizinapezeke nyama wamba zam'madzi.
Metasepia yomwe yang'ambika mumchenga imawonetsa kukalamba.
"Flamboyant" mu dzina lantchito ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu, koma "cuttlefish" sichimanena mwachindunji ('cuttle' ndi 'nsomba'). Kumene mawu akuti 'cuttlefish' kapena 'cuttlefish' ("cuttlefish") sanamveke bwino. Malinga ndi wofufuza wa cephalopod, a John W. Forsyth, "Dzinali la Cuttlefish (cuttlefish) poyambirira limapezeka ngati mtundu wa katchulidwe ka dzina lachi Dutch kapena lachiorussia lanyama izi. Mawuwa achokera ku 'codele-fische' kapena 'kodle-fische'. Ku Germany, cuttlefish ndi squid amatchedwa tintenfische, zomwe zikutanthauza "nsomba za inki." Ndidamva kuti liwu loti 'fische' kwenikweni limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza zolengedwa zilizonse zomwe zimakhala munyanja kapena zimagwidwa muukonde, osati nsomba zokha. Mulimonsemo, ndi momwe ndimadziwira komwe dzinalo linachokera. ”
Akuluakulu Metasepia.
Posachedwa, pakhala chizolowezi, m'mabwalo am'madzi ambiri, kupangitsa mayina a nyama kukhala "yolondola" kuti asasokonezedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa jellyfish (Jellyfish) kapena (Starfish) si nsomba, chifukwa chake amatchedwa Jellies ndi Sea Star (Starfish), motsatana. Mwina ndi nthawi yoti ayitani kuti cuttlefish 'cutways', chifukwa nawonso si nsomba.
Wofufuza wa Cephalopods Dr. James Wood akufotokozera mwachidule kuti: "Octopus, squids, cuttlefish and chipinda nautilus (bwato) ali m'gulu la Cephalopoda, kutanthauza 'mutu-kwa-phazi'. Gulu la Cephalopoda ndi la mtundu wa Mollusca (Mollusks), lomwe limaphatikizaponso bollve mollusks (scallops, oysters ndi zina bivalve mollusks) gastropod mollusks (nkhono, slugs, nudibranch mollusks), spade-legged mollusks (scapodiformes, polyphorida chitons) ”Komabe, mosiyana ndi abale awo, cephalopods amasuntha mwachangu, kusaka mwachangu komanso kuwoneka ngati nyama zanzeru. "
M'malo mwake, mtundu wa Metasepia umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri: Metasepia pfefferiMaluwa, omwe amatchedwanso Pfeffer's cuttlefish, omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa Indonesia kupita kumpoto kwa Australia ndi Papua New Guinea, ndi Metasepia tullbergi, chopukutira ndowa zopaka ku Hong Kong kupita kumwera Japan. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi yaying'ono, yokhala ndi chovala chaching'ono masentimita 67, pomwe chachikazi ndi chachikulu kuposa chachimuna. Mowoneka, ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso chimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mu "mafupa am'nyanja" a nyama. Oimira Metasepia, komanso ma cephalopod onse, ali ndimitima itatu (mitima iwiri kapena yapa gill ndi mtima wofunikira, womwe umapopa magazi kuzinthu zina zamthupi), ubongo wowoneka ngati mphete komanso wabuluu wokhala ndi magazi amkuwa. Amakhala ndi "mikono" 8 ndi mizere iwiri ya makapu oyamwa palokha komanso ziwiri zomata zokhala ndi ma batoni kumapeto kwake. Zomata zodabwiza ndizosalala kutalika konse; kokha pamalo osangalatsa a "baton" ndi makapu oyamwa, omwe ena ndi okulirapo. Mahema amaponyedwa kutsogolo, gwirapo nyama ndikubwera "m'manja". Wogwidwa akamagwidwa ndi "manja", nyamayo imatsogolera pakamwa pake ngati kamaliridwe ndi lilime, ndikufanana ndi bulashi ya waya, kuti achepetse kukula kwa amene akukhudzidwayo. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbewa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kumenyedwa kwa cuttlefish kudutsa pakati pa ubongo wam'kati wa nyama - kulanda kwambiri kungawononge ubongo wa nyama. Kusintha kwakuthwa kwamtundu wa maluwa otchepera kumachitika ndi ziwalo zapadera za khungu, ma chromatophores. Chromatophores imayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo ndizomwe zimaloleza kuti cuttlefish isinthe maonekedwe a thupi lawo lonse kudzera kulumikizana kwa minofu kusintha kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Mawonekedwe pakhungu alinso osasunthika, amatha kuyenda ngati chithunzi chowoneka bwino, akukhulupirira kuti amathandizira polumikizana, kusaka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chobisalira. Chitsanzo ndi nkhope ya chovala chakumaso, komwe mikwaso yofiirira imakonda kuyenda m'malo oyera ngati mtundu wa Metasepia.
Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa zilombo zobisala kapena kubisala, kutsata omwe angakhudzidwe, omwe akutulutsa maluwa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito ma tubercles (papillae) omwe amakhala pafupi ndi thupi, chifukwa chomwe amatha kusintha mtedzawu. Ma tubercoti akuluakulu mu chovala chapamwamba cha maluwa otcherera maluwa sakhala osasinthika. Maluwa cuttlefish amagwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu oyenda. Amakhala ndi fin yomwe imazungulira chovalacho ndikulola kuti nyamayo isunthe, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito "mayendedwe oyenda" chifukwa chodutsa madzi kudzera m'matumba ndi ngalande, zomwe zimawapatsa kuyenda mwachangu modabwitsa. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti, maluwa odulira maluwa nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi gawo mothandizidwa ndi "mikono" yakunja ndi mabatani awiri m'munsi mwa chovalacho ngati "miyendo". Monga momwe ndikuwonera, Cuttlefish Metasepia amakonda njira yosamukira, ndikusiyira gawo lokhalo pokhapokha ngati akuwopa kwambiri kapena ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi magulu a anthu omwe akuyesetsabe kujambula. Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya cuttlefish ndi "chithovu cha mnyanja" (kapena fupa lathyathyathya), lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ziweto monga kashiamu wokhala ndi calcium popangira nkhuku zokongoletsera. Cuttlefish imagwiritsa ntchito "chipolopolo" cham'chipinda chamtunduwu chokhala ndi zipolopolo kuti zisinthe, ndikudzaza matanga ndi mpweya, kapena kumasula. Chozizwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale "chithovu cham'madzi" chochekera kwambiri ndi kutalika kofanana ndi chovala cha nyamayo, "chithovu chamadzi" chamtundu wa diamondi chokhala ngati maluwa Kukula kochepa kwa "chithovu cham'madzi" kumatha kusokoneza kusambira ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndichifukwa chake maluwa otcherera maluwa amakonda kuyenda "pansi".
Monga ma cephalopods ena, akakhala mwamantha, maluwa otchepetsa maluwa amatha kupereka inki yambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti inki imakhala ngati chophimba cha utsi chololera kuti cuttlefish ibisala kwa omwe akuwathamangitsa, koma nthawi zambiri zomwe ndawona, nthawi zomwe Metasepia amatulutsa inki zinali ngati "pseudomorphs" kapena inki yowirikiza kawiri yomwe nyamayo amayembekeza kuithandiza kupewa wolusa, akumupatsa zolinga zingapo.
Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adatchulidwa mu TV yapa NOVA - Kings of Camouflage ndipo wochitidwa ndi Mark Norman akuwerenga cephalopods, akuyesera kufotokoza mitundu yachilendo, kulimba mtima ndi "kuyenda" kwa maluwa odulira maluwa. Malinga ndi Norman: “Zikuoneka kuti maluwa otyola maluwa ndi oopsa. Amakhalanso ndi poizoni, ngati phula lotchedwa buluu (kapena octopus wokhala ndi mphete zamtambo). Octopus wamtambo wokhala ndi buluu anapha anthu, chifukwa chake tikuchita ndi nsomba yoyamba kudula. Mkhalidwewo ndiwosangalatsa mbali zingapo. Choyamba, tikulankhula za mnofu wowopsa, i.e. minofu yomwe ili yapoizoni. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti nthumwi za gulu lino la nyama zikulankhula za mnofu wakufa. Kachiwiri, poizoni yekha sakudziwika. Ili ndi mtundu wina wa poizoni. Ma poizoni oterewa ndiye chinsinsi cha mndandanda wonse wazopezedwa mwanjira ya mankhwala aanthu ... Izi ndizotsatira zabwino, chifukwa zimafotokozera zochitika zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe. Ndipo kuopsa kotereku, kuwopsa, mwina kumalongosola zodabwitsa za nyamayo. Ndipo chakuti gulu la nyama zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasambira kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali kuti zizibisala, zikuwoneka, siyani kusambira ndikuyamba "kuyenda" - iyi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakutsegulira mzere watsopano wa nyama izi. " Ndizotheka kuti kulumikizana ndi inki ya cuttlefish yolowanso maluwa kumakhalanso ndi poizoni, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira nyama izi mosamala, mutaganizira mosamala mosamala.
Metasepia amayamba moyo wawo ngati mazira ochepa kwambiri omwe amayikidwa pansi, pansi pamphepete kapena nthawi zina amabisidwa ndi chipolopolo cha kokonati. Mazira amayikidwa payokha, m'mimba mwake ndi pafupi 8 mm. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya cuttlefish, zazikazi sizimatulutsa ink mu mazira, kotero mazira amawoneka oyera kapena otuluka.
Chifukwa chake, sizovuta kuwona chitukuko cha cuttlefish mkati mwa dzira. Kukula kwa cuttlefish, akamaswa kuchokera ku mazira, kutalika pafupifupi 6 mm, kunja kumafanana ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono. Ngakhale mu m'badwo uno, ndi olusa, okonzeka kulowa kudziko lapansi ndikuyamba kusintha mtundu, zakudya zawo zimakhala makamaka ndi crustaceans, gastropods ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nsomba.
2-day of Metasepia. Tchera khutu ku ndalama pansi pa thankiyo ndi nyama.
Monga cephalopods onse, Metasepia cuttlefish amakula msanga ndipo amatha kufikira zazikulu ngati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pakatulutsidwa mazira. Akazi achikulire a Metasepia ndi okulirapo kuposa amphongo, kutalika kwake kwa malaya kumafika masentimita 8, pomwe kukula kwa chovala cha amuna sikupitilira masentimita 4-6, ngakhale kuli kusagwirizana pakufotokozera kukula kwa nyama izi. Monga ma cuttlefish ambiri, Metasepia mate "mutu". Wamphongo wagona mbali ina ya umuna, yotchedwa spermatophore, kudzera mwa “mkono” womanga chihemacho ndi poyambira poyatsira hectocotyl, wamkati mwa chovala chachikazi. Kusweka kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri, yamphongo imayandikira mwachangu, kumatula umuna ndipo imachokanso mwachangu, mwina chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pa kukula kwa zibwenzi. Metasepia cuttlefish imakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, kumapeto kwa moyo wake imawoneka yosagwira, chifukwa nyamazo zikulowa gawo lokalamba. Kuwongolera kwa kuyenda kumakulirakulira, kuwonongeka kwa khungu kumatha kuwonekera, chifukwa choganiza kuti cephalopod mollusk sasiya kuvutikira konse, kuphatikiza chakudya, kapena ngakhale polychaetes kapena nkhonya zam'mimba zimadya chihema chake.
Lingaliro losunga cephalopods zosowa kwambiri Wunderpus chithunzigenicus, Thaumoctopus mimicus ndi mitundu iwiri Metasepia spp, idatsegula zokambirana zazikuluzikulu, makamaka chifukwa chakuti kukula ndi komwe anthu ali m'chilengedwe sizidziwika. Ngakhale maonekedwe achidziwitso, zithunzi kapena makanema a nyama zodabwitsazi zitha kudziwika kuti ndizotsutsana. Ena amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti zidziwitso zatsatanetsatane ndi zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zitha kulimbikitsa oyenda m'madzi oyenda pansi kuti asankhe ndi kugula nyama, komanso kuyambitsa kupha nsomba kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti abwerere m'malo ake achilengedwe. Inemwini, ndikukhulupirira kuti kutamandidwa kwamtunduwu kungathandizenso kuteteza chilengedwe, osavulaza. Omwe alimi a cephalopod atha kuthandizika ndikuthandizira pakukulitsa chidziwitso cha nyama izi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kusinthana kwachidziwikire kungalole am'madzi kuti asankhe mwanzeru komanso moyenera zokhudzana ndi upangiri woyenera kusunga nyama izi. Ndizosatheka kupanga lingaliro lokonza Metasepia, ngakhale eni luso a cephalopod omwe ali ndi ma aquarium okhwima ayenera kupanga chisankho chokwanira pokhazikitsa mtunduwu. Kusunga nyama izi kumafuna zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zachindunji komanso zosamveka bwino, kotero ngati mukuganiza zochita izi, tengani nthawiyo ndikulemba zonse zomwe zachitika kuti ena aphunzire kuchokera ku zitsanzo zanu, poganizira zolakwika ndi zomwe wakwanitsa.
Chovuta chachikulu pakusunga cephalopod iliyonse ndikugula. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ma cephalopods amalola kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amapulumutsidwa atafa mchikwama cha madzi akuda. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kulephera kubadwa kwa nyama kupilira zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi mayendedwe, kapena chifukwa chakuti sizimamvetseka bwinobwino kuti ndi zinthu ziti zofunika pakuyendetsa bwino nyamazi. Mulimonsemo, omwe amalowetsa kunja amakhala osamala ndikuwongolera nyamazi chifukwa cha kupulumuka kochepa. Mukusinthanitsa kwa aquarium, palibe kusiyana pakati pa Mitundu ya Metasepia, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti mupeze kope limodzi ndipo mwakonzeka kulipira kuchokera 300 mpaka 800 madola a chinyama, simungadziwe mtundu womwe mwapeza. Ndikhulupirira kuti nyama zambiri zomwe zikugulitsidwadi ndi nthumwi za Metasepia tullbergi kuchokera ku Japan, komwe anakulira m'mizinda yam'madzi. Metasepia pfefferi, monga momwe ndikudziwira, samapangidwa mwangozi kulikonse. Choyipa kwambiri pankhani yogula nyama izi m'madzi ndizoti nyama zambiri zomwe zimatengedwa ndi zazimuna zachikulire, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimangokhala milungu ingapo kapena miyezi yambiri osatha kubereka kapena kuyikira mazira. Kwa zaka 7 zapitazi, ndinakwanitsa kupeza makope atatu a Metasepia, ndikangoyendetsa kuchokera ku San Francisco kupita ku Los Angeles ndikubwerera tsiku limodzi ndikulinga ndi cholinga chimodzi - kupangira malo osavuta momwe ndingathandizire nyama kupulumuka. Zotengera zonse zitatuzi anali amuna achikulire ndipo adakhala miyezi iwiri mpaka inayi.
Kuti muchepetse nsomba za cuttlefish, Metasepia imafunikira malo okhala ndi madzi komanso madzi osasinthika oyenererana ndi malo okhala m'matanthwe. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 25.5c, mchere wamtunda 33.
5-34. 5 ppt, pH 8. 1-8.
4, pamene mulingo wa ammonia, nitrite ndi nitrate uyenera kukhala woyandikira kwambiri kwa 0. Zimakhulupirira kuti kupezeka kwa ammonia komwe kumayambitsa mavuto a cephalopods, kotero kuyesa pafupipafupi ndi "ammonia disk" kukuthandizani kudziwa kusintha kwamadzi ambiri.
Richard Ross: Metasepia ndi mnzake wa wolemba ku Lembach, Sulivesi.
Kusintha kofunikira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kutumizidwa kwa okosijeni ndi michere, komanso mtundu wa "inshuwaransi" ngati "inki yotchinga". Ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse mumakhala ndimakala ndi makala ndi mchere wosalala wosakanikirana - ngati inki ingawoneke. Mwala wokwanira wamiyala yokhala ndi / kapena macroalgae ndi "bonasi yowonjezera" yabwino pakujambula ndi kosungira. Ngakhale nyama imodzi, zimavomerezedwa kuti zipe gawo laling'ono la mainchesi 36 × 12 (aquarium yodziwika bwino yokwana 30-gallon yoweta nyama) kuti cuttlefish itha kuyenda. Ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ena monga dongo lamchere lochokera ku Caribbean kuphatikiza zigawo za 4 x 6 inchi kuchokera kuzinthu zilizonse zadyera, koma popeza Metasepia cuttlefish alibe chizolowezi chokumba mu gawo lapansi, mchenga wabwino ulinso woyenera. Kuwala kwachilengedwe kwanyengo kumakhala kokwanira ku Metasepia, ngakhale kungafunike china champhamvu kwambiri ngati macroalgae kapena korona wosavuta, wosagwiritsa ntchito (Discosoma, Nepthea, Xenia, ndi zina) amakhala limodzi ndi cephalopods mu dongosolo. Kuwala kwakukuru ndiwabwino chifukwa nyamazi ndizobowola. Pomwe zingatheke, ndimayesetsa kulumikiza malo anga okhala ndi ma cephalopod ndi zida zazikulu zamatanthwe. Pankhaniyi, ndimapeza madzi ambiri, magwiridwe antchito amadzi ambiri, pomwe zida zochepa ndizofunikira. Popeza Metasepia sathawa m'madzi am'madzi, popeza abale awo ndi octopus, palibe chifukwa chovindikira chovomerezeka ndipo sichovuta kulumikiza aquarium ndi dongosolo lomwe lilipo. Njira yabwino: aquarium yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhale ikuluikulu yomwe imatha kuleka kapena kulumikizidwa ngati muli ndi Metasepia wodula. Sindimakonda kusunga nsomba kapena cephalopods zilizonse ndi Metasepia: mwina Metasepia wakudyayo adzadya nsomba, kapena nsomba iyamba kuthamangitsa Metasepia ya cuttlefish. M'malo mwake, nyamazo sizipezeka kawirikawiri pamsika kotero kuti ine ndiwothandizira njira iliyonse yomwe ingawapatse mwayi wabwino wopulumuka ... zomwe zikutanthauzanso kupewa oyandikana nawo omwe ali mu aquarium.Nyama - oyeretsa am'madzi, monga nkhono, kuchuluka kwa hermit nkhanu ndi polychaete nyongolotsi (polychaetes) siziwadyedwa ndi cuttlefish Metasepia, pomwe athandizira kuyeretsa madzi am'madzi otsalira. Ngati maluwa oyamwa amatulutsa bwino, akhoza kuyamba kudya, makope atatu omwe ndinakwanitsa kuyambitsa kudyetsa mphindi zochepa nditayamba ku aquarium. Zikuwoneka kuti Metasepia cuttlefish imafunikira chakudya chochuluka kuposa ma cuttlefish ena, ndingayankhe kuwadyetsa katatu patsiku. Ngati chiweto sichilandira chakudya chokwanira, chimayamba kuyandama pamwamba pamadzi ndipo sichitha kulowa m'madzi, zikuwoneka kuti kusowa kwa chakudya kungagwirizanitsidwe ndi kuyendetsa bwino zakudya. Ndamva za milandu yomwe kumbuyo kwa Metasepia cuttlefish, yomwe idalandira chakudya chosakwanira, idaphwa chifukwa nyamayo idangokhala pamadzi ndikulephera kulowa m'madzi mwakuya. Pafupifupi shimpu yamoyo iliyonse imadyedwa ndi chilakolako cha chakudya. Ndakhala opambana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala komanso oundana a Palaemontes Vulgaris sea shrimp komanso shrimp yakwanuko ku San Francisco Bay (Cragnon spp). Yambani ndi amoyo ndikuyesa omwe achisanu, chifukwa chimodzi mwamaudindo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi Metesepia yomwe yangotumizidwa kumene ndi kuti nyama idye. Metasepia cuttlefish akuwonetsa chidwi pang'ono ndi nkhanu zamoyo kuposa ma cephalopods ena, ndipo thawed krill yozizira sanasiyidwe kotheratu.
Pambuyo pa kuyeserera kwa zaka 8 kosakwaniritsa, pobereketsa ndende ndinatha kupeza gulu la zojambula za Metasepia ku Steinhart Aquarium ku California Academy of Science: Ndipo ngakhale mkati mwa sabata loyamba 80% ya anyaniwa anamwalira ndi 90% m'mwezi woyamba, tidakwanitsabe mating a amuna amodzi ndi akazi angapo, omwe pambuyo pake amaikira mazira. Mazira ena omwe adayikidwa adayamba kale, ndipo panthawi yolemba, makope awiri a Metasepia aswa kale, mazira ena angapo akupitiliza kukula. Ili ndi gawo lopita patsogolo, mwatsoka, laling'ono kwambiri, panjira yosunga ndi kuswana nyama izi mu ukapolo. Ndikuyesetsa kusamalira ana. Izi zimandiuza kuti ngakhale ndizinthu monga malo akuluakulu am'madzi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti akuluakulu a Metasepia agwidwe amoyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, kupambana kwakung'ono kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti pali chiyembekezo cha kuphunzira, kumvetsetsa ndi kubereka kwa cephalopod odabwitsa awa ali muukapolo.