Dzina lachi Latin: | Larus ridibundus |
Gulu: | Charadriiformes |
Banja: | Zingwe |
Chosankha: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Chingwe chodziwika bwino, mwa mitundu yanthawi zonse zazing'ono kwambiri. Zing'onozing'ono komanso zocheperako pakatikati pa imvi, zimawuluka mwachangu; Kutalika kwa thupi 38-44 cm, kulemera kwa 200-300 g, mapiko a cm 94-105.
Kufotokozera. Mu mbalame zachikulire, nthawi yotentha, mutu wofiirira wokhala ndi mphete yoyera yokwanira kuzungulira diso (“eyelids”), mulomo ndi miyendo ndi yofiyira, mapiko ali ndi imvi m'maso, okhala nthenga zoyera zakunja ndi mawonekedwe akuda kumapeto. Chithunzichi chimagwira diso lanu ngakhale chapatali ndipo ndi chisonyezo chotsimikizika. Ndi nkhunda yachilendo kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka kumwera kwa Russia, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito nthenga zofanana. Nthenga zina zonse pansi pa imvi zakuda. Zophimba zam'munsi zotsika zimakhala zoyera kapena zoyera. M'dzinja, "chisoti" chofiirira chimasowa, ndipo nthawi yozizira chimangokhala chidutswa cha imvi. Tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi utoto tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi utoto tating'ono ngati mbalame zazikulu nthawi yozizira.
Mbalame zachinyamata zimakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono akuda kumbuyo kwa diso ndi malo amdima pa chisoti chomwe chimazimiririka nthawi yozizira yoyamba, pambuyo pake mutu umakhala wofanana ndi mbalame zazikulu nthawi yozizira. Thupi lotsika limakhala loyera kwambiri, koma mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zasiya chisa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nthenga zambiri. Malaya, khosi ndi mbali za chifuwa ndi zofiirira. Chingwe chofiirira chimathamanga ndi nthenga zapamwamba za mapiko, nthenga zachiwiri zam'mapapo zimakhala ndi chingwe chakuda, chomwe chimapitilirabe ngati chingwe chakuda cha mthenga. Mzere Woyera umayenda nthenga zakunja, ngati mbalame zazikulu. Mchirawo ndi loyera ndi chingwe chakuda chakuda. Mlomo wake ndi wapinki, uli ndi malekezero amdima. Miyendo ndi yapinki kapena chikasu. Mbalame zomwe zimavala zovala zoyambirira zimakhala ndi "chipewa" chakuda kwathunthu. Kuyambira nthawi yachisanu, nkhandwe za m'madzi zimakhala ndi maulu akuluakulu, mlomo wofiira wokhala ndi malekezero amdima ndi miyendo yofiyira. Utawaleza ndi bulauni.
Kutsamba kwamutu wakuda ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina. Pakati pa mitengo yotumphukira yomwe imapezeka kudera la Europe Russia, mapiko ofanana nawo amapezeka nkhunda yanyanja yokha, yomwe imadziwika ndi mlomo wautali komanso mutu wowala ngakhale nthawi yotentha. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala tating'onoting'ono tambiri, mbalame zachikulire nthawi yotentha zimakhala ndi chakuda osati "chipewa" cha bulauni, komanso mbali yakuda yamapiko ndi malembali ozungulira mapiko popanda matalala akuda kumapeto. Khungu lowoneka ngati lakuda m'chilimwe lilinso ndi mutu wakuda, wopanda bulauni, lomwe limakhala ndi mapiko oyera popanda dongosolo lakuda, mulomo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa nyanja. Anapiye akuthwa ndi a chikasu-bulau pamwamba ndi mawanga akuda, opepuka pansi. Mlomo wake ndi pinki ndipo umatha mdima. Miyendo yakuda.
Mawu. Mbalame zaphokoso, makamaka m'malire. Kufuula mwachizolowezi ndikwachabe "kjarrr"Kapena china chofanana, chimakonda kubwerezedwa kangapo.
Kugawa, udindo. Choyimira chofala kwambiri komanso chofala konsekonse mu Africa, kuyambira ku Iceland ndi ku Britain Isles kupita ku Kamchatka ndi Primorsky Territory ya Russia. Komanso zisa ku Greenland ndi malo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa North America. Ku Russia ku Europe, mitundu yodziwika bwino yochokera ku Arkhangelsk. kupita ku Caucasus, ambiri kuthawa komanso osowa nthawi yozizira. Mbalame zambiri zimabwerako nyengo yachisanu kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Madera ozizira amakhalanso ku Europe, gombe la Atlantic ku West Africa, madera a Africa ndi South Asia a Indian Ocean, ndi Southeast Asia.
Moyo. Tizilombo m'malire, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi nkhono zina, mtsinje, wakuda kapena yoyera tern. Colonies, monga lamulo, amapezeka kuzilumba komanso m'malo ena osatheka, nthawi zambiri madambo, ndipo amapezeka awiriawiri. Kuti apange chisa, imagwiritsa ntchito mapesi a mabango ndi mbewu zina pafupi ndi madzi. Mu clutch, monga lamulo, 2-3 ocher kapena mazira a azitona, omwe ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono abulauni. Maseti amawonekera kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni. Akazi amatenga masiku 21-25. Malawi amayamba kuwuluka patatha milungu itatu.
Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana. Amadyanso tizilombo komanso ma invertebrates ena, nsomba zazing'ono, mbewu ndi zipatso, zinyalala za chakudya ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri chimagwira tizilombo kuthawa.
Maonekedwe a nyanja
Kutalika kwake, thupi la mbalamezi limafika masentimita 38-44. Mapiko ake amasiyana masentimita 94 mpaka 105. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 250 mpaka 350 gramu.
Zingwe za Nyanja zili ndi zodabwitsa - mzere wakuda umakhala kumbuyo kwa mapiko, ndipo woyera kutsogolo. M'chilimwe, mutu kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi chokoleti chofiirira. Mitundu yakuda ndi yopepuka imasiyana kwambiri. Maso azunguliridwa ndi mphete yoyera. Bill ndi wofiira kwambiri, wopindika pang'ono. Pamalo ovomerezeka pali malo owoneka ofiira owala.
Chingwe chokhala ndi mutu wakuda chimakhala ndi mutu wakuda.
Mtundu waukulu wa manambala ndi oyera ndi tinge pinki. Mtundu woyambira wamapiko ndi imvi. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi wofanana ndi wa mulomo. Mutu umasanduka zoyera nthawi yozizira, pali mawanga amdima m'mbali. Achichepere amajambulidwa utoto. Mapiko awo ali okongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya bulauni ndi malo ofiira. Miyendo ndi mlomo ndi chikasu chakuda. Pali chingwe chakuda pam mchira.
Mverani mawu a nyanjayi
Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, nkhanu zam'madzi zimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'matauni. Amawonedwa pafupi ndi mabizinesi othandizira nsomba. Chakudya chitha kupezeka pamtunda, pamadzi ndi pamlengalenga. Nyanja ikusankha yokha nyanja komanso mitsinje. Imayesetsa kumamatira kugombe koma osapita patali. Mbalamezi ndizaphokoso kwambiri. Amapanga maphokoso osokosera omwe ali ndi mkokomo. Mu gulu la asayansi amadziwika kuti ndi "kuseka kwazithunzithunzi."
Mbawala yamutu wakuda ndi mbalame yosavulaza.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mbalamezi zimakhwima pofika zaka 2. Nyanja zikuluzikulu zimayang'anira magulu awo, omwe amatha kukhala masauzande awiriawiri. Kukongoletsa kumachitika pamalo omwewo, mbalame zimapita kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Maukwati okhala ndi ana awiriwa adapangidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Zisa zili m'malo a peat komanso kuzilumba - kuti ziziteteza kwa adani. Pali malo aulere kuzungulira chisa, pafupifupi 50 cm.
Kuuluka kwa nyanjayi.
Pomanga zisa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi am'madzi. Ndi mulu wophatikizapo mapesi a bango, mabango, amphaka. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 2-3. Ngati mazira amwalira mwadzidzidzi kapena kutayika, ndiye kuti wamkazi amapanganso chachiwiri. Mazira kuwaswa kwa masiku 8-10, onse akazi ndi amuna amachita. Maphukusi odulidwa amaphimbidwa ndi bulaw fluff. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azikhala osawoneka zachilengedwe. Amayamba kuuluka ali ndi zaka 1 mwezi. Mbalamezi ndi zazitali, zakutchire zimakhala zaka 60.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Dera
Zomera makamaka m'malo osungirako amchere oyera kumiyendo, kukula kwake komwe kumatha kufika masauzande angapo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda yayikulu ndi malo otayira zakudya. Povala mating, pakati pa mitundu ina ya zibaluni, mutu wakuda wodera komanso nape yoyera imasiyanitsidwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - kuchuluka kwake kupitirira 2 miliyoni awiriawiri.
Mitengo yazokongoletsa
Imakhala pachilumba cha Nyanja Yakuda nyengo yonse kuyambira kumadzulo kukafika kumawa. Kumadzulo, Kummwera ndi Kumpoto kwa Europe m'zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka 2000, mtunduwu wakula kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ulimi ndi ntchito yazakudya. Kudera lakumwera kwa Europe, malire akum'mwera kwa malembawo amadutsa kum'mwera kwa France, chigwa cha Po mumtunda wakumpoto kwa Italy, Serbia, Bulgaria, gombe lakumpoto kwa Black Sea, Transcaucasia ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Pomwe amapezeka pakati penipeni pa Iberian Peninsula komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mediterranean. Zoweta ku Corsica, Sardinia ndi Sicily. Kumpoto kwa Europe, zisa ku zilumba za Britain ndi Faroe, ku Scandinavia m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ku Russia, imakwera kumpoto kupita ku Kandalaksha Bay pa Nyanja Yoyera, mtsinje wapamwamba. Vychegda m'dera la Arkhangelsk, 60 ° C. w. mu Urals, 67 ° c. w. mu beseni la Ob, 65 ° C. w. pa Yenisei, 68 ° C. w. m'Chigwa cha Lena, 69 ° C. w. mu Kolyma ndi 61 ° C. w. pagombe la Nyanja ya Bering. Malire akumwera ku Asia amadutsa 40 ° C. w. kudera la Nyanja ya Caspian, gombe lakumwera kwa Nyanja ya Aral, zigwa za mitsinje ndi nyanja Syr Darya, Son-kul, Issyk-Kul, Zaysan, Markakol, Ubsu-Nur, Tuul ndi Buir-Nur. Imapezekanso chakum'mawa ku Kamchatka, Primorye, Sakhalin komanso m'chigawo cha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China ku Heilongjiang.
M'zaka za zana la 20, idayamba kukhala malo opitilira malire a mainland: ku Iceland (kuyambira 1911), kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Greenland (kuyambira 1969) ndi Fr. Newfoundland (kuyambira 1977) pagombe la North America.
Kusamukira
Chosuntha, chosunthika pang'ono, kapena mbalame yokhazikika. Kuchulukana kumpoto kwa Januware isotherm ya −2.5 ° C kusuntha kwathunthu. Ku Western ndi Southern Europe, amakhala makamaka amangokhala, pomwe madera apakati amasamukira. Chiwerengero cha anthu osamukira kumayiko ena chimakulanso kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa. Nyengo ya kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Januwale isotherm ya 0 ° C - ambiri ku Europe, madera a Pacific, Black, Caspian nyanja, Indian ndi Pacific Pacific, komanso zilumba za Japan. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, nyengo yachisanu yazovala zakuda zidakulitsa kupitilira Palearctic - ku Africa kudutsa Atlantic kupita ku Nigeria komanso ku Indian Ocean kupita ku Kenya ndi Tanzania, ku North America pagombe lakummawa kuchokera ku Newfoundland kupita ku New York.
Habitat
Nthawi yakuswana, imakhala makamaka m'madzi am'mbali okhala ndi manyenje ndi tchire lambiri - nyanja, malo osefukira ndi mitsinje, madamu, madambo, miyala yamtundu wa peat, momwe imakhalira madzi osaya komanso zilumba zokulirapo. Zisa zochepa zomwe zimapezeka pagombe la nyanja m'malo otentha, mapiri ndi mapanda. M'zaka zaposachedwa, yakhala njira yofananira, kufunafuna chakudya, kudziwa kubwezeretsa matauni, malo opangira nsomba, mabizinesi opangira kuwala ndi magulu am'mizinda. Pamalo osamukira komanso m'malo achisanu nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mitsinje ikuluikulu.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Maziko a zakudya ndi nyama zopanda nyama - zolengedwa zina, chinjoka, kafadala ndi mphutsi zake, ma dipterans ndi tizilombo tina. Kuchokera kuzakudya za nyama, chimadyanso nsomba zazing'ono ndi makoswe okhala ndi mbewa, monga grey vole. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi zinyalala za chakudya m'malo obetchera, m'malo opangira nsomba ndi zinthu zina, komanso m'mizinda. Mafutawa amachotsedwa pamadzipo pamadzi, pamtunda komanso m'mlengalenga.
Zinthu ndi malo okhala nyanjayi
Mbalameyi imakhala nesting, kusamuka, kusuntha mosakhalitsa ndikuzizira nyengo yaying'ono. Miyeso mbalame zokongola monga nkhunda yayikulu. Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumafikira mpaka 43 cm, nthawi zonse wamkazi amakhala wocheperako - 40 cm.
Mapiko a akazi onse awiriwa amawfika mpaka 100 cm. Kufotokozera kwam'mphepete mwa nyanja pali chinthu chosiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zonse - zovala zake zakukhwima. Mutu wonse wa mbalame umapakidwa zofiirira, pomwe maula ambiri ndi oyera.
Kumbuyo kokha komanso pamwamba pa mapiko a seagull ndi mithunzi imvi yokhala ndi nthenga zakuda zowoneka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono taing'ono tomwe tili ndi mitundu ina ya nthenga zikuluzikulu. Amawongoleredwa ndimtundu wa imvi, zofiirira komanso zamtambo.
Mlomo wa mbalame umakhala ndi utoto wonenepa, womwewo wa maudindo awo. M'mphepete mwa matope awo mumapaka utoto wofiira. Ngati mutayang'ana chithunzi cha m'mbali mwa nyanja kovuta kudziletsa kumwetulira.
Cholengedwa chokongola chokhala ndi chovala chofiirira kumaso ndi mutu nthawi yomweyo chimadzutsa chisoni. Kukhazikika kwa mbalame kumakhala kwakukulu. Itha kupezeka ku Europe yonse, ngakhale kumadera ake ozizira. Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amawaonera ku Norway ndi Iceland.
Gull-mutu Wakuda mu Ndege
Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, anthu adaganiza kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndizowononga nsomba. Anayamba kuwombera ndi kuwononga mazirawo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ziwerengero zawo zachira pang'ono. Koma kutchuka kwa mazira awo pakati pa anthu sikucheperachepera.
Mazira amasonkhanitsidwa kuti agulitse, adyedwa. Nthawi zambiri ndimakonda kutolera zisa mazira mazira omwe alipo awiri okha. Ngati pali mazira ambiri, ndiye kuti akukhomera kale chisa chija. Zanu nest nest lake gull amamanga makamaka pamiyala ndi nyanja, pammera wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mutha kukumana nawo m'malo osambira komanso m'malo osambira mchere. Ku funso kumene mitsinje imakokedwa nthawi yachisanu Palibe yankho limodzi.
Momwe kuzizira kumayandikira, amayamba kusunthira kumadera otentha. Ena mwa iwo amasankha Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian nthawi yachisanu, ena amawuluka kumadera a Mediterranean, Asia, Peninsula ya Kola, ndi Persian Gulf.
Mtundu ndi moyo wa nyanjayi
Mzere wapakati umadzaza ndi zinsomba za nyanja kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo. Ziwiri mbalame zimapangika panthawi yothawa. Ena amakwanitsa kuchita izi nthawi ya nesting, ikafika. Zigawo za Nesting zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, dera laling'ono limagawidwa chisa chimodzi, mkati mwa masentimita 35-45 mozungulira nyumba yachiyanjano. M'malo omwe chisa cha mbalamechi chimakhala chambiri komanso cholimba, chimakhala chotalika masentimita 40. Nthawi zambiri, zisa za nyanjayi zimakhala zopanda kanthu.
Zomera zake zam'madzi zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Masamba awo amagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Chaka chonse, mbalameyi imakhala ndi moyo wokonda kucheza. Kwa malo awo, magulu am'madzi amasankha malo osafikirika. Kumene kumachitika chisa kumakhala phokoso nthawi zambiri komanso kukuwa kochokera kunyanja. Kuchulukana kwa madera kumachitika ndikobwera kumene okhala.
Pali gulu la mbalame zoyendayenda zomwe mu Epulo ndi nthawi yonse yotsatira zimasamukira kumadera osiyanasiyana kupita kukasaka chakudya. Western Europe ndiye malo olemera kwambiri ndi mbalamezi, nthawi zina mpaka pafupifupi 100 magulu awiriwo amadzisonkhana mgulu limodzi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, nkhanu zam'madzi zakhala zikuwoneka kopitilira kamodzi pamalo otayira zakudya kumatauni. Makamaka mwachangu amatha kupeza mabizinesi othandizira nsomba ndikukhazikika pafupi nawo. Mbawala yam'madzi ndi mbalame yamphamvu kwambiri. Nyimbo zomwe amapanga amatchukanso amatchedwa kuseka kwa seagull.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Mwambiri, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa banja logululi kunapezeka m'zaka za zana la 18. Mpaka pano, anthu samatha kumvetsetsa dzina la mbalameyi, koma pali lingaliro lokha lomwe limagwirizananso ndi mkokomo womwe amapanga.
Makamaka, mtundu uwu wa kubowoleka kudachitika mwa kusinthika ndi kutuluka kwa majini atsopano. Monga nyama ili yonse, anyaniwa amayenera kuzolowera chilengedwe ndikupitilizabe kuthamanga. Ndi izi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbalame ziziwoneka ngati mbewa.
Nyanja yotchedwa the gull itself ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wabanja lotetezeka. Zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, koma ambiri mwa iwo ndi ku Europe. Komanso, mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pabanja lake lalikulu, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 40 ya nkhanu zosiyanasiyana.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nyanjayi ndiyo mtundu wokongola kwambiri kuchokera ku dongosolo la charadriiformes, lomwe limaphatikizanso mbalame monga magpie, magpie, avdotki, snipe ndi ena.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Lake gullmonga tanena kuti ndi mbalame yaying'ono yokongola. Mizere yake imatha kufikira masentimita 38 okha. Mapiko a mitundu omwe tikulingalira nawonso ndi ochepa - 90 90 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake pamenepa kumasiyana kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 350 magalamu. Mlomo wa mbewa yaiwisi sikuti wachikasu, monga mitundu yambiri yamtchire, koma maroon amdima.
Mwa zina mwazomwe zimawonekera ngati nyanja, munthu amatha kunena kuti amasintha kuchuluka kwake kutengera nthawi ya chaka. M'nyengo yozizira, mutu wake umakhala utayera, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yakuda.Amasiyanitsidwanso kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya banja lonyansidwa ndi chingwe choyera, chomwe chili kumtunda kwa mapiko kutsogolo. Mwa njira, kuzungulira kwa kukokoloka kwa nyanja kumatenga pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Ziwonetsero za anapiye ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi anthu akuluakulu. Amawongoleredwa ndi mitundu yofiyira pamapiko. Miyendo ndi imvi, motero kuchokera kumbali yomwe ikuwoneka kuti mwana wankhuku amangokhalira kuyenda panthaka yakuda.
Mawu am'madzi am'nyanjayi ndiabwino kwambiri. Asayansi akuti mawu omwe amapanga nthawi zambiri amafanana kwambiri ndi akhwangwala, koma ndi akuthwa, motero amatha kufanana ndi kuseka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kodi nkhwangwa zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Nyanja zakutchire zimakonda kukhala m'malo otentha, koma madera otentha ndi otentha omwe amakhalanso kumpoto.
Nthawi zambiri zisa za nyanja zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka Nyanja Yakuda. Mtundu wachiwonetserochi ukhoza kupezeka m'maiko osiyanasiyana:
M'dziko lathu, imatha kuwoneka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yoyera, Nyanja ya Bering, pafupi ndi Arkhangelsk komanso m'chigwa cha mitsinje yosiyanasiyana, monga Lena, Ob, Yenisei ndi ena.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zam'madzi zimadumphira m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndikusuntha ngati makona atatu.
Posachedwa, nkhono zam'madzi zayamba kuyambiranso kukhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi munthu. Anthu ena amayamba kumanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi midzi yaying'ono. Izi ndi njira zokakamizira nyanjayi, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi amayesa kupeza chakudya chochuluka kuposa momwe gombe lanyanjali lingawapezere.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Chakudya cha kutchire chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, koma choyambirira chimadalira malo omwe chisa cha mbalame chimakhala. Ngati chisa chili kufupi ndi gombe, chakudya cha mbalameyi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi nyama zopanda nyama (zolengedwa zam'madzi, nkhandwe, kafadala, mphutsi ndi zina). Komanso, nthawi ndi nthawi, nkhwangwa sizimadandaula kudya nsomba zazing'ono ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ngati mundawo.
Pazomwe tidakambirana m'gawo lapitalo, mbalame zikakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, nthawi zambiri amadya zinyalala pakubwezeretsa malo, komanso mabizinesi opepuka.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Lake gull ilibe njira imodzi yapadera. Mitundu yonse imasamukira komanso kukhazikika. Kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe, mitundu yambiri imasamukira mosatengera kutentha. Komabe, lamuloli silikugwira ntchito kumadera apakati, popeza mbalamezo pambuyo pa 0 digiri Celsius zimayamba kuuluka pafupi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zambiri:
Kuyambira m'ma 1900s, magulu a nkhanu zam'madzi nawonso adayamba kuwonekera m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, kumadzulo kwa Africa.
Chosangalatsa: Nyama za m'madzi zimatha kukhala mosavuta kuzungulira kulikonse, choncho nthawi yachisanu siivuta konse.
Nyanja zam'madzi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo. Usiku wonse, amatha kumanga zisa zawo ndikusaka chakudya. Monga malo okhala zisa zawo, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimasankha malo ena osafikirika. Chifukwa chake amayesa kudziteteza iwo ndi anapiye awo ku zowopsa zakunja zosiyanasiyana. Malo okongola amatha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi kulira kwa zimpira za nyanja.
Nyanja zam'madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisa zawo makamaka kuchokera pazinthu zovuta. Kwa chisa, mbalame nthawi zambiri imafunikira malo ochepa, koma malowa amayenera kukhala pamtunda wokwanira masentimita 30 mpaka 40. M'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri pomanga chisa, nthawi zambiri nyanjayi imagawana malo pang'ono kuti isanyowe komanso kuti isagwere.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Ma Vapachuma samasuntha nthawi ya kuswana, amakonda kukhala m'malo. Kusintha kwake kumachitika pokhapokha pamavuto. Mbalame zakonzeka kubereka kale pofika zaka 1-4, ndipo zazimuna zimakhwima pakatha zaka. Zingwe zam'madzi ndizowonongera, ngakhale zimatha kusintha maubwenzi angapo mpaka mapangidwe awiri omaliza. Amayamba kusweka mchaka, nyengo ikatentha, m'malo osavomerezeka ndi nyama zodya nyama.
Mwambo waukwati ndi motere. Wamphongo wokhala ndi misozi amatambasulira mutu wake pamalo owonekera, kenako amawongola ndikuchoka. Chifukwa chake amalankhula moni kwa mnzake. Akaziwo, amayankha mwamunayo mokweza mawu ndikudziyesa mutu, ngati kuti akupempha chakudya. Mbalame zimamanga zisa pafupi mita, kapena ngakhale makumi. Banja lililonse limateteza gawo lawo mkati mwa 32- 30cm.
Mazira ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, bulawuni wakuda, buluu wopepuka, bulawuni wa azitona, wobiriwira. Mazira ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo, komanso akhoza kukhala kwathunthu popanda iwo. Nthawi zambiri clutch imodzi imakhala ndi mazira atatu, nthawi zambiri masamba 1-2. Ngati atayika, amazengereza. Amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo mbali.
Anapiyewo amaphimbidwa ndi pansi, kuwaphatikiza ndi chilengedwe, bulangete-bulauni ndi malo opanda kanthu akuda. Ana amayamba kuwuluka masiku 25-30. Idyani chakudya kuchokera pakamwa pa makolo kapena polo yomwe makolo amataya, ndimalemba mwachindunji pachisa.
Adani achilengedwe a nyanjayi samawonekera
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Pali adani achilengedwe ochulukirapo munyanja zam'madzi, popeza iwo okha ndi mbalame zazikulu komanso zankhanza.
Ngati zisa za nyanjayi zili pafupi ndi nkhalango, ndiye nkhandwe wamba imatha kukhala mdani wawo. Imasokoneza chisa, komanso imatha kuvulaza mbalame zomwezo ngati zidagundidwa ndi nyama popuma.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kwa mitundu yonse ya nkhanu, chowonadi ndi chodziwika kuti zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri unkawonedwa ndi ofufuza pomenyera chakudya. Nthawi zina, zinkawononganso zisa za abale awo.
Anthu amathanso kuwerengedwa ndi adani achilengedwe a nkhanu zam'madzi. Nthawi zina amakhala ovutitsidwa chifukwa cha moyo wawo wankhanza. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kumakampani opanga nsomba poganiza kuti zidzabera nyama yochepa yokha ndi anapiye awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Lake Gull
Kuchulukana kwa mitu yakuda kukukula chaka chilichonse. Pakadali pano, amaposa mitundu 2 miliyoni. Pang'onopang'ono, mtunduwu umayamba kukhala ndi madera ochulukirapo osamukira ndikubereka.
Chosangalatsa: Bakha ena amakonda kuyambitsa banja kudera lomwelo lofanana ndi seagulls. Kugawana kumeneku kumapereka mwayi wowoneka bwino wa abakha komanso abakha kuti akhale ndi moyo, chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa akhungu "kumateteza" abakha.
Nyanja ili ndi mwayi waukulu. Chifukwa cha izi, amathandiza anthu kuchotsa tizirombo muulimi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mtunduwu nawonso umachita mbali mwadongosolo. Mbidzi zam'madzi zimatola chakudya chotsalira m'mafamu a ubweya.
Ngakhale kuti nyanjayi ili ndi phindu lochulukirapo, idabweretsa mavuto asodzi, ngakhale ambiri amati kuwonongeka kumeneku ndikokokomeza kwambiri.
Pofotokoza mwachidule malingaliro athu, choyambirira, ndikufuna kunena lake gull ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale tili aukali, anthufe tiyenera kuyesetsa kukhala osamala ndi zinyalala zomwe zikuzungulira ife. Mwa kupezeka bwino kwa nyamazo, malo apadera omwe ali mu ukapolo amathanso kudziwa komwe mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya ndi kubereka popanda parasism ya anthu. Tiyenera kupeza njira zothetsera mwamtendere kusagwirizana ndi nyama.