Oyamba kumene m'madzimo amasokoneza nsomba ndi zomera, ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa mfundozi ndikokulira. Zomera zapamwamba zimakongoletsa malo am'madzi ndipo zimapanga zofunikira kuti nsomba ikhale. Algae ndizomera zomwe zimabweretsa udzu wapamwamba ndipo nthawi zina, nsomba zam'madzi. Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi akukumana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira pagalasi, nthaka ndi zokongoletsera. Zomera zosafunikira zam'madzi zimasokoneza malingaliro a dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi.

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zakuwonongeka kwachilengedwe:

1. kunyowa kwamadzi
2. kusintha kwa mtundu wamadzi kukhala kobiriwira ndi bulauni,
3. malo okongola, pamwamba pa madzi ndi pansi yokutidwa ndi filimu yobiriwira kapena chidutswa,
4. kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi nitrate,
5. mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a zolembera zobiriwira mu aquarium.

Plaque yaying'ono imawonedwa ngati yachilendo. Osadandaula mukazindikira madontho ochepa obiriwira mu aquarium. Onani maluwa, ngati galasi lasintha kukhala lamtchire ndikulowa madzi, izi zimayambitsa nkhawa.

Zomwe zimafunika pakutsuka

Kuti muyeretsedwe m'madzi, muyenera zida zotsuka:

Yeretsani Aquarium kamodzi pa sabata. Kuyeretsa kumachitika mu magawo 8:

1. Bzalani nsomba ndi nyama zina.
2. Yeretsani mkati mwa Aquarium, chotsani madipozawo ndi chosakasa kutalika konse.
3. Pakani gawo limodzi lamadzi ndi chophuka chotsalira mchidebe.
4. Siphon nthaka.
5. Chotsani zokongoletsera ndi miyala, yeretsani mosamala kuchokera ku amadyera.
6. Sambani mkati mwa zida ndi madzi otengedwa mchombo.
7. Onjezerani madzi osakhazikika.
8. Pukuta thanki panja.

Momwe mungachotsere amadyera mu aquarium

Kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe oyeretsa ndi muyeso wokulirapo. Choyamba, sinthani malo okhala okhala m'madzimo:

1. Chepetsani maola masana mpaka maola 10 patsiku.
2. Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji m'madzi. Ikani aquarium osachepera 1.5 metres kuchokera pawindo.
3. Kuchulukitsa pH. Madzi amchere amapweteka namsongole. Musamale posintha magawo am'madzi; akhalebe abwino kwa okhala m'madzimo.
4. Sinthani 15-20% ya madzi pafupipafupi, yeretsani makhoma ndi nthaka ya m'madzi.
5. Bzalani mbewu zochuluka muchidebe. Zomera zapamwamba zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a udzu.
6. Samalirani feteleza dothi.
7. Limbikitsani kusefedwa ndi kuchira.
8. Sinthanitsani mababu ena ngati kuli kofunikira. Nyali zina, kuzimiririka, amasintha mawonekedwe owala. Kuwala kosasankhidwa bwino kumawononga mbewu zapamwamba, zimathandizira kufalitsa namsongole.
9. Njira yomwe siyili yoyenera kumadzi onse: siyani chotengera chija kwa milungu itatu, pomwe njira yofalikira yazomera zobiriwira zimachitika, kenako maselo amafa ndipo madzi amawonekera. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yobzala zipatso zobiriwira, mbewu zimafa.
10. Ikani nsomba zoyamwitsa ndi nkhono m'dziwe.

Anthu okhala m'nyumba zothandizira kuthana ndi zolembedwa:

Mavuto ambiri pakusunga aquarium

Aliyense wokonda zapansi padziko lapansi mchipindamo mosakhalitsa adakumana ndi mavuto aukhondo wamadzi.

Mavuto ambiri.

1. Madzi amadzimadzi. Madzi amasiya kuyera ndipo amakhala oyera. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mumsika wina watsopano womwe wangokhala ndi nsomba. Izi ndizosakhalitsa. Kukula kwa mabakiteriya ambiri kumapangitsa madzi kukhala opaque. Izi zimachitika kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Ndikudya kwam'madzi moyenera ndi kutentha kwabwino, gawo lotsatira pakupanga dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ndilofanana pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwa mwadongosolo kwambiri. Kusokonekera kwachinyengo kumatha.
2. Ikulungika pansi. Pakapita kanthawi, nthaka ikhoza kukokedwa ndi kanema wakuda ndikutulutsa thovu nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala za organic kumachitika, komwe kudagwa pansi poyamba kapena njira yopezera nsomba. Popewa izi, ndibwino kuthira ziweto m'malo moperewera. Njira inanso yothanirana ndi dothi m'nthaka ndi nkhono.
3. Sinthani mtundu wamadzi kukhala wobiriwira kapena bulauni. Izi ndichifukwa chakutukula kwa algae m'madzi: zobiriwira, zobiriwira-zobiriwira kapena zofiirira.
4. Kapangidwe ka zolengeza pamakoma. Plaque imakhalanso yobiriwira kapena yofiirira.

Mavuto awiriwa amayanjana, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zowathetsera ndizofanana. Plaque pamakoma ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri pamoyo wamadzi.

Chikwangwani chobiriwira pamakoma: momwe mungachotsere?

Chikwangwani cha brown chimayamba chifukwa cha kutulutsa tinthu tofiirira. Cholinga cha mapangidwe ake ndi kusowa kwa kuyatsa mu aquarium. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi madzi amoyo aliwonse, mdziko lathuli pansi pamadzi pali mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, mabakiteriya ndi algae.

Kuzindikira kumayambitsa kukula kwachilombo. Chikwangwani cha brown chimathetsedwa ndikugwirizanitsa kuyatsa ndi zonse. Sambani makoma, sinthani madzi pang'ono ndikuwonjezera kuwala - ndipo mwatha.

Vutoli ndi mwala wa bulauni limatha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chamalo awo ndi zomera zobiriwira, monga zopangidwa mwadongosolo kwambiri.

Wotchuka kwambiri pa maphunziro a sayansi yasukulu ndi euglena wobiriwira. Ndiye alga iyi yomwe ndiyomwe imayambitsa madzi obiriwira. Plaque imapangidwa ndi algae wobiriwira wa mitundu ina kale - yoyipa ya edogonium ndi xenococcus.

Izi ndizomera zobiriwira kwambiri zomwe zimamera pamakoma a aquarium ndi miyala pansi. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuthana nawo, chifukwa chake tilingalira njira zonse.

1. Chifukwa chachikulu chakukula msanga kwa mwala wobiriwira ndikuwunikira kwambiri. Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji pamadzi. Mtunda wopita pazenera ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 metres. Nyamulani nyali zowunikira pamlingo wa 0,5 W / l kwa nthawi yopanda maola 8 patsiku. Pa pH yapamwamba kwambiri mu aquarium, algae wobiriwira amakula moperewera.
2. Kuyeretsa khoma pafupipafupi komanso kusintha kwa madzi pang'ono. Samalirani dziko lanu lamadzi ndipo mupewa mavuto ambiri. Makoma ayenera kutsukidwa ndi chinkhupule chofewa, kudula ndi tsamba ndizowonjezera. Zolakwika pagalasi zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a algae akhalebe ndikupitilira kuchulukana. Kusintha kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitirira ¼ mwa kuchuluka konse.
3. Njira yakuyeretsa mwachilengedwe. Iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi zimadya algae. Pafupifupi onse viviparous - ma guppies, malupanga, Pecilia ndi molly. Karasiki, golide, veiltail, makina oonera zinthu zakuthambo amatchulanso zakudya zawo ndi masamba. Akatswiri amati mbewu zabwino zam'madzi zikamamera, mitengo yochepa yamchere imachulukana. Kuthandizira kwambiri kuyeretsa makhoma ndi madzi kumakhala nkhono zosiyanasiyana. Amadya zotsalazo zomwe zimatsalira, ena amasefa madziwo mwa iwo okha, potero amadya zakudya zopanda pake. Ampouleurs amakonda kutchera algae kuchokera pagalasi. Koma, monga mu chilichonse, munthu ayenera kutsatira muyezo. Daphnia ndi ma Cyclops amatha kuchotsa kuchuluka konse, koma iwo eni ndi chakudya chokoma cha nsomba.
4. Kuthira madzi. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za m'madzi am'madzi oyera. M'makoma a nyanja musakhuthule ndi mwala wobiriwira, mumakhala mavuto. Ngati acidization yamadzi siyotheka chifukwa chosunga nsomba zamtundu wina, mutha kuyesa mchere wamchere, osapitirira 1 g / l. Mchere uchedwetsa kukula kwa mwala wobiriwira m'madzi.
5. Njira yamankhwala. Maantibayotiki ndiwothandiza pakuwongolera mabakiteriya ndi algae yotsika ngati vutoli lapita kutali kwambiri ndipo njira zina sizikuthandizira. Mutha kuchiza aquarium ndi Riboflavin, Tripaflavin, Rivanol (0,1 g pa 100 l). Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi, nkhono ndi mbewu zina zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira osowa zimavutika. Kabomba ndi Hornwort ziponya masamba mukangomwa mankhwalawa. Streptomycin ndi penicillin sachepa. Zomera ndi nsomba sizikhudzidwa. Mlingo woyeserera wa Streptomycin ndi 0,3 mg / l kwa maola 48, ndiye kuti madziwo ayenera kusinthidwa. Mankhwala otetezedwa bwino opha tizilombo toyambitsa madzi ndi 3% hydrogen peroxide. Kulimbikitsidwa kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 mg / l ndi aeration othandizira. Kusintha kwamadzi sikofunikira.

Mafuta opangira

Mitengo yokwezeka imakhala ndi phindu pa kukula kwa namsongole. Onetsetsani kuti nyali sikuwotcha madzi kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yakutentha, samalani kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka kutentha.

M'madzi ofunda, mpweya umagawidwa koyipa, kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma nitrate m'madzi. Izi ndi zakudya zamasamba obiriwira.

Kusamala kwachilengedwe ndiko njira yotsuka madzi anu

Njira yosavuta yokwaniritsira aquarium yoyera ndikuyipanga kuyambira pachiyambi.

Mu aquarium yolinganizidwa bwino, kuyanjana kwachilengedwe kumakhazikitsidwa, ndipo madzi mmenemo sangasinthidwe kwa zaka.

Malangizo angapo momwe mungayambire ndi aquarium yanu.

1. Kukula kwakeko, kumakhala kosavuta kukhazikitsa biocenosis mmenemo. Ma Aquariums a malita 10 kapena kuposerapo nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi osakhalitsa - poika nsomba munthawi ya ntchito kapena popakata. Malo abwino okhala ndi malo osungirako zinyalala ndi madzi okwanira malita 100. Mu madzi otere okha momwe mungadzipangire okha.
2. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'madzi ndi nsomba kuyenera kukhala pa nsomba imodzi ndi yayitali pakasita malita 5 a madzi, makamaka madzi ochulukirapo. Kubzala kuyeneranso kulingaliridwa. Zomera zimayamwa zinyalala zam'madzi ndi nkhono zochokera kumadzi, zimadzaza madzi ndi mpweya ndikuwongolera kaboni nthawi ya photosynthesis. Koma mumdima, zomera zokha zimatha mpweya wabwino, ndipo mapangidwe a photosynthesis panthawiyi amayima. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu kumatha kusewera nthabwala yoyipa ndi wosazindikira m'madzi, ngakhale izi ndizosowa. Mbovu zochulukirapo zitha kutembenuka kuchokera pakuchotsa oyera kukhala gulu la zinyalala; ndikofunikira kufafaniza anthu awo munthawi yake.
3. Ndikofunika kugula nsomba, mbewu ndi nkhono m'misika yodziwika kapena kwa obereketsa odziwa. Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo kuchokera kuchosungira zachilengedwe ndichokulirapo. Izi zimathandizanso kumatenda amadzimadzi ndi euglena nthawi yotentha, ikachulukana kwambiri m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe.
4. Kudyetsa nsomba kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Zakudya zouma ziyenera kudyedwa mu mphindi 10-15. Makonda, kumene, chakudya chatsopano chatsopano. Kwa nsomba zam'madzi zambiri sizivuta kusala kwa masiku atatu. Ngati mudzakhala kutali ndi kwanu, osathira chakudya chamtsogolo.
5. Kuwala Muyenera kukhazikitsa aquarium kuti isagwere molunjika, koma kuwunikira kunali kokwanira. Mtunda wa 1.5 mita kuchokera pazenera ukakhala wabwino. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakonzedwa bwino m'mawa, ndipo nthawi yowunikira ndi maola 8-10 patsiku yokwanira. Kuperewera kwa dzuwa kumatha kulipiriridwa ndi kuunikira kwanyumba.

Kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe kwazoyenda m'madzi kumadziwika ndi kuwonekera kwamadzi ndi msipu wachilengedwe wazomera. Mtundu wa madzi olondola, ngati mutatenga kapu kuchokera ku aquarium, ndi wachikasu. Awa ndi madzi otchedwa Fish mkhwani.

Madzi adakhala amoyo, biocenosis idakhazikitsidwa. Pafupifupi sabata limodzi yogwira ntchito pansi pano pansi pa madzi, izi ziyenera kuchitika. Ngati sichoncho, muyenera kupenda zolakwikazo, koma osachita mantha. Zachilengedwe ndizanzeru, musangosokoneza.

Ngati zobiriwira zimawonekera nthawi zonse

Zomwe zimawoneka ngati zolembera zobiriwira ndizonso:

1. Kufalikira kwa namsongole m'magalasi ochepa. Lambulani thankiyo mosamala, ndikuwoneka kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhalabe kuti titha kuwononga galasi.
2. Feteleza zochuluka. Mtengo wobiriwira umawonekera ngati pali michere yambiri kuposa yomwe maluwa akuluakulu amamwa.
3. Kuperewera kwa feteleza. Pokhala ndi chakudya choperewera, mbewu zimakula bwino ndikuwoneka operewera.

Ndalama zowonjezera ndi:

1. Zeolite ndi utomoni womwe umamasula madzi a mankhwala owopsa omwe amapanga m'nthaka.
2. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa ndi biostarter (Tetra SafeStart, NitrateMinus Ngale).
3. Mankhwala apadera olimbana ndi kubiriwira kwa makoma ndi kupewa kuwoneka obiriwira. M'dzina la mankhwalawa, mawu oti Algo, omwe amatanthauza seaweed (Tetra AlgoStop depot, Algetten, Sera Algopur) amapezeka.
   
4. Mkuwa. Sanatchulidwe mu aquarium chifukwa cha kawopsedwe. Pothana ndi mkuwa wa sulfate 0,2 mg pa lita imodzi yamadzi, mbewu zimasungidwa osaposa maola awiri. Chidacho chimapangidwanso kuthana ndi majeremusi.
5. Chlorine ndi bulichi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiosavuta kukonzekera kunyumba: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka madzi ndi chiyerekezo cha 1:20, nthawi yowonekera ndi mphindi 3-5.

Malangizo

Kuti musunge bwino dziwe komanso kuyeretsa koyenera, tsatirani malangizowo:

• Osagwiritsa ntchito masiponji a kukhitchini kapena zikwangwani zomwe zakhala zikukhudzana ndi zosefera kuti muyeretse m'madzi. Zotsalira ndizowopsa kwa nsomba.
• Ngati sizingatheke kuyatsa ndi kuyatsa nthawi yotalikirapo, nthawi zowonjezereka zimabwera kudzapulumutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku mu malo osungirako zinyama.
• Ndikwabwino kusagwiritsa ntchito zopukutira zachitsulo ndi masamba, chifukwa amasiya zikwangwani pamakoma a aquarium. M'malo mokwapula, gwiritsani ntchito khadi ya pulasitiki ndi spatulas yopanda matabwa.
• Ngati simungathe kuchotsa zolembedwa pamiyala ndi zokongoletsa, zigwirizeni ndi bulachi kwa mphindi 15, ndiye kutsanulira madzi otentha.
• Pewani kuipitsidwa kwa dothi chifukwa cha nsomba zochuluka. Chakudya chomwe chidatsanulacho chimadyedwa mphindi 5.

Pansi pazachilengedwe, madzi amadzaza ndi masamba obiriwira. Anthu okhala m'madzi amadya masamba otsika. Kwa nsomba zodyetsa, amadyera ndiwo maziko azakudya, kwa ena ndichofunikira chowonjezera. Ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono amakhala malo okhalamo.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Maluwa obiriwira ndi msuzi wa algae. Zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi protococcus (Chlorococcum), fumbi wobiriwira (Green fumbi algae), ndi xenococcus (Choleochaete orbicularis). Fomu yakale yokha mkati mwa galasi, yotsalira pagalasi ndi pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo yachitatu pagalasi ndi masamba a mbewu za aquarium.

Algae ndi gawo limodzi mwa microflora yachilengedwe yam'madzi ndipo nthawi zonse imakhalapo.. Mavuto amawoneka pomwe zinthu zabwinobwino zimaphwanyidwa - algae amayamba kuchulukitsa kwambiri. Moyenera, amapanga spores. Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimaberekanso padera, ndipo zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ngati gawo lachilengedwe litasokonekera, ndiye kuti khungu limodzi limapanga 32 spores, ndipo chamoyo chatsopano chimawonekera kuchokera ku chilichonse. Kuberekanso pankhaniyi kumachitika mwachangu.

Kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbewu zapamwamba

Zomera zamitundu yambiri sizimadya michere yokwanira. Nthawi zina zimachitika chifukwa chosowa chinthu china chofunikira, chomwe sichofunikira kwambiri pakunyamula.

Chifukwa china ndikuchepera kwa kutentha kwa madzi pansi pa 22 C. Pazinthu zotere, mbewu zapamwamba "zimagona", siyani kukula, idyani zochepa.

Kuchuluka mchere zili m'madzi

Pali zifukwa ziwiri izi:

1. Madzi mu aquarium sanasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali. Pang'onopang'ono, umayamba kutuluka, pomwe mchere wambiri m'madzi otsalira ukuwonjezeka. Ngati mumangowonjezera madzi kuchokera pampopi, ndiye kuti mcherewu womwe umakhala utayamba kale, mcherewo womwe umapezeka m'madzi ampopiwo uwonjezedwa.
2. Nsombayi idathandizidwa ndi mchere, womwe mwachilengedwe udatsalira m'madzi.

Timatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe

Kubwezeretsani mulingo wa zolengedwa momwe ziliri munthambo yotsekera yamadzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe.

Kwa ma aquariums otsika kwambiri omwe samaperekedwa ndi kaboni dayokosi, njira yosavuta, yongofunika kuleza mtima kokha kuchokera kwa eni, ndiyabwino. Ndiwothandiza, choyambirira, polimbana ndi protococcus ndi "fumbi lobiriwira". Kusamba?

• siyani nsomba m'milungu itatu kapena popanda feteleza (wokutira ayenera kukhala woyera)
• yeretsani galasi ndi cholembera,
• sinthani madzi mu aquarium ndi 30%.

Ngati kaboni dioksidijeni waperekedwa ku aquarium, ndiye kuti mukupangabe feteleza, apo ayi mbewuzo zifa. Mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wophatikiza ndi 25%. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi osayesa kuchotsa zolembedwa mpaka zitakhala zoyeraapo ayi, spores amapangika mobwerezabwereza, ndipo kulimbana ndi algae kudzakhalapo kwamuyaya.

Njira yachilengedwe ndiyo yofatsa kwambiri, koma imakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi vutoli.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi mankhwala?

Ngati simuli okonzeka kudikira motalika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Nthawi zina streptomycin ufa umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, umaphatikizidwa ndi madzi owiritsa ndikuyika kudzera mu fyuluta pamlingo wa 3 mg wa ufa pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi mu aquarium. Pakupita ntsiku zakucepa, mwacidikhodikho mbadzamala, pontho anthu akukhala m'madzi nee athabuka.

Kusamba? Malo ogulitsa apadera amagulitsa mankhwala omwe amayang'ana mwachindunji kuwonongeka kwa alarium algae. Pakati pawo pali mzere wazopanga zamakampani aku Germany a Tetra. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito onse kuthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya algae, komanso kupewa kubereka. Mankhwalawa amapezeka pamapiritsi ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi.

Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi masabata anayi alionse molingana ndi malangizo a chida chilichonse. Wopanga mzerewu amakumbukira kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito izi, zosefera za UV ziyenera kuzimitsidwa ndikuyambitsa kusefa kwa kaboni ziyenera kupewedwa. Muyenera kuperekanso okosijeni ku aquarium ndikumachotsa algae wakufa.

Kodi kuyeretsa bwanji?

Kuyeretsa mwaukadaulo ndi gawo la njira yachilengedwe, koma itha kuchitidwa mwaokha.

Akatswiri ena am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule chokhazikika kapena chovala chachitsulo. Koma kumbukirani kuti poyeretsa Aquarium simungatenge zinthu zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pazinthu zina. Bacteria ndi zotetezera zotsalira nthawi zonse zizikhala zikupezeka.

Ndikofunika kugula chosungira chapadera chamasamariya. Kuti muteteze khungu, mutha kuvala magolovesi, koma okhawo omwe sanagwiritsidwepo ntchito kale ndi mankhwala.

• Algae kuchokera pagalasi imachotsedwa pomwe aquarium ili yodzaza, ndikupanikizika pang'ono pagalasi. Ngati chilinganizo sichikuyenda bwino, muyenera kufufuta ndi tsamba.
• Kenako muyenera kuchotsa madzi oyipitsidwa ndi pampu. Kumalekezero a payipi kumayikidwa mu chinyontho, china mumtsuko wopanda kanthu, mwachitsanzo, mumtsuko ndikuupopera madzi.
• Pambuyo pake, amayamba kuyeretsa miyala. Imakhala ndi zotsalira za chakudya ndi zinyalala za nsomba, ndikupanga malo osungirako algae. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani zokongoletsera zonse mu aquarium ndikuthira miyala ndi pampu. Ngati mchenga ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mu aquarium, payipi ya pampu iyenera kusungidwa patali ndi 2,5 cm kuti mchenga usayamwe. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kumasula miyala kapena mchenga ndi spatula kapena dzanja.
• Yeretsani zokongoletsera. Itha kuthandizidwa ndimatumba ndikuwazidwa ndimadzi, ndipo ngati idakumba kwambiri, imatha kusungidwa mu supin solution kwa mphindi 15, yoyatsidwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuuma.
• Dzazani thankiyo ndi madzi osefera kapena okhazikika.

Kupewa

Pansipa pali malamulo, kuwonetsetsa omwe, mungapewe kubala kwambiri algae mu aquarium yanu.

• Masana masana sayenera kupitirira maola 11, makamaka - maola 8. Mutha kukhazikitsa nthawi kuti nthawi yotsika izigwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kwa maola 4 m'mawa ndi maola 4-5 masana.
• Sungani kutentha kwa madzi mumtunda wa 22-27 C (moyenera - 24-26 C).
• Sungani zambiri za phosphate zosaposa 0.8 g / l, nitrate - 25-40 mg / l.
• Sankhani mbewu zomwe zimakula msanga.
• Sinthani madzi mu aquarium munthawi yake.

Chikwangwani chofiirira mudziwe

Chikwangwani cha brown mu aquarium chimawoneka ngati chotupa cha diatoms. Uku ndi kuyanika kwofiirira pazomera, zokongoletsera, dothi, galasi. Poyamba, kupangako kumakhala kosavunda, koma pang'onopang'ono kumakhala mthunzi wakuda kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, algae ya bulauni imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta pazokongoletsera kapena galasi. Kuti muwachotsere pazomera, ndikokwanira kungowagwedeza: akuwotha ndipo amawuka pang'onopang'ono. Ngati malo osungirako osasamalidwa bwino, mawonekedwe akuda, pang'onopang'ono amawonjezera zigawo.

Zosanjikiza zapamwamba ndizosavuta kuchotsa, koma pansi sikophweka kufafaniza.

Chimawoneka ngati masamba amasamba, zokongoletsera, pamiyala, pansi kapena mchenga wakuda umatsanuliridwa. Galasi lakutsogolo limakula kotero kuti kuwonekera kudzera mkati mwake kumakhala kusakhala bwino. Zofunikira zomwe zimakhala pansi zingakhale ndi zokutira zachikaso, zomwe zimasonyezanso mawonekedwe a bulauni.

Kupezeka kwa zolembera zakuda mu nkhokwe sikumakhudza anthu, koma ndizomera sizophweka. Chikwangwani cha brown pamazomera chimapangitsa kuti photosynthesis ikhale yofunikira. Ngati zinthu sizinatengedwe munthawi yake, mbewuzo zimafa. Ma diatoms akufalikira ndi liwiro lalikulu: tsamba laling'ono la chomera chomwe changotuluka kumene chimakutidwa ndi zokutira zofiirira, kotero chotsani vutoli mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Momwe mungachotsere zolembera zobiriwira: zoyambira zazing'ono

Kuti musambe ndi kuyeretsa msanga m'madzi, muyenera kutsatira kutsatira ntchito. Njirayi imakhala ndi magawo angapo. Ndikofunikira:

1. Chotsani zolembera zobiriwira pamakoma. Gawo loyamba ndikuyeretsa galasi ndi chopukutira chapadera popanda kuthira madzi. M'malo osayera, gwiritsani ntchito tsamba.
2. Ponya madzi akale pogwiritsa ntchito pampu. Kuti muchite izi, ikani m'mphepete mwa mphuno m'madzi ndikutsitsa linalo mumtsuko. Ndikwabwino kugula chidebe chatsopano chomwe chizingogwiritsa ntchito kutsuka thankiyo.
3. Kuchotsa miyala pansi pa chimbudzi ndi chakudya chotsalira. Mutha kuwachotsa pogwiritsa ntchito pampu ya siphon, mutachotsa miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zokongoletsera. Yendani pampu pamiyala. Muyenera kuti mukakhala ndi mchenga wokha, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pampu payipi, ndikuusungira patali ndi 2,5 cm kuchokera pansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mchenga usamire. Ndi dzanja lanu muvuto la mphira kapena ndi spatula, "masulani" miyala kapena mchenga pansi. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa dothi lakuya, chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timadzuka.
4. Tsukani miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso zokongoletsera. Zinthuzi ziyeneranso kutsukidwa, chifukwa zibowo zam'mera zitha kupezeka paliponse. Ngati zinthuzo ndi zodetsa kwambiri ndipo sizitsukidwa bwino, njira imodzi yoyeretsera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bulit. Ndikofunikira kusiya zopangidwazo kukhala yankho kwa mphindi 15, kenako muzitsuka zokongoletsera zochapidwa ndi madzi otentha.
5. Thirani madzi oyera, okhazikika kapena osasefedwa. Yang'anirani kutentha kwake ndi thermometer. Mutadzaza madziwo, dikirani maola angapo kuti tinthu tophuka tikhazikike pansi ndikuthiratu madzi.
6. Yeretsani kunja kwa malo ozungulirakugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zapadera, koloko kapena viniga. Chotsani chinkhupule kapena chinsalu ndi woyeretsa ndi kufufuta zonse zakunja, kuyambira ndi nyali ndikutha ndi galasi ndi chivindikiro.

Ngati mukukhalabe ndi microclimate yabwino munyumba yanu komanso nsomba zili ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyeretsa ma aquarium kamodzi pa sabata, ndikubwezeretsanso 10-20% yamadzi. Ziweto zanu zikamadwala, muyenera kumatsuka kawirikawiri ndikusintha madzi, kapena 50-70%.

Kusintha madzi amadzimadzi

Plaque pamakoma a aquarium

Choyamba, zolengeza pamakoma a aquarium kapena galasi silinapangidwe kuchokera ku moyo wabwino wa dziko la aquarium - ingoikani, mu aquarium yanu, pali china chake cholakwika. Ndipo kuthetsa kuthana kulikonse, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa bwino m'mbali mwa malo okhala m'madzi. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuyeretsa kwachisawawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zofunika pokonzekera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusamalira kwambiri: kuyeretsa ndikusintha madzi am'madzi kumatha kuyambitsanso mavuto.

Ndizovuta kupereka malingaliro enieni okhudzana ndi nkhaniyi, Zonse zimatengera: kuchuluka kwa malo am'madzi, mitundu ya nsomba, zomera, malo am'madzi ndi zina zambiri. Mwambiri, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro onse - i.e. Malangizo pakuyeretsa m'madzi sabata iliyonse ndi zida zoyeretsera. Muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti madzi akale amadzimadzi amakhala abwinoko kuposa abwino - musamawonjezere ndi kuyeretsa ndikusintha madzi. Kumbukirani kuchuluka kwa mbewu ndi nsomba, osadzaza madzi m'madzi, osatulutsa mu hostel. Mu zida zanu zankhondo nthawi zonse muzikhala njira zoyankhira: aquarium malasha, zeolite, kuyambira zikhalidwe zoyambira mabakiteriya.

Kachiwiri mitundu yonse ya zolembera zopangidwa, kuyatsa makoma a aquarium, amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, zolanda zonse zitha kugawidwa ndi mtundu: zobiriwirazigawengamu aquarium (wobiriwira-bulauni), yoyerakuukira m'madzi(yoyera) kapena aquarium ntchofu.

Momwe mungathane nawo? ... Zosavuta mokwanira!

Ponena za zolembera zobiriwira pamakoma a aquarium, omwe amatha kupanga zokongoletsera za aquarium (zomera, miyala). Chikwangwani choterechi chimayamba chifukwa chotulutsa madzi kwambiri - mapangidwe osasamala a algae. Kuukira koteroko kumachitika chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa malo am'madzi ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, chowonjezera cha organic mambo (mankhwala a ammonia decomposition).

Chithandizo: chitani zoyeretsa mu aquarium, m'malo mwa madzi a aquarium ndikumayatsa, yatsani (musayatse magetsi, pokhapokha ngati ndi ma diatoms), limbitsani kusefa ndi kutulutsa kwa aquarium, mutha kugula mapiritsi a "maluwa" kuchokera ku algae mu malo ogulitsa ziweto. Ndiroleni ndikupatseni chitsanzo, chimodzi mwa izo ndi mapiritsi a Tetra oyang'anira algae.

TetraAqua AlgoStop depo - Awa ndi mapiritsi osungunuka pakuwongolera kukula kwa algae. Kuwononga bwino ma algae osiyanasiyana m'madzi amchere oyera, kuphatikiza Ndevu zakuda ndi algae wobiriwira wobiriwira, komanso amatchinga kukula kwina.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito: Mapiritsi amayikidwa pansi m'malo oyenda mwaulere. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi milungu 6, pambuyo pake mapiritsiwo amachotsedwa m'madzi. Mapiritsi ali ndi zovuta za zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'madzi. Phalelo silisungunuka kwathunthu, koma limasunga mawonekedwe ake oyambayo. Pakatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi, imaleka kupukusa zinthu zofunikira ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'madzi. Kuchepetsedwa kwa mankhwala m'madzi kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe muli AlgoStop depot, kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, mankhwalawa samavulaza nsomba zam'madzi ndi zomera.

Mlingo:Kupewa: 1 tabu. Malita 50 madzi. Kuwononga algae yoyipa: piritsi 1 pa 25 malita a madzi.

Palinso mankhwala ena a algae, omwe amatchedwa pamodzi - algaecides.

Mankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa amalimbana ndi mitundu ina ya algae brown plaque (diatoms), ulusi (ulusi wobiriwira), villi wakuda (ndevu zakuda).

Zinthu zamtchire za Tetra zimakhazikitsidwa ndi monolinuron - wofatsa, wofatsa. Mutha kuyambiranso kukonzekera malinga ndi glutaraldehyde, mwachitsanzo, apamwamba komanso otsika mtengo kukonzekera kwa nsomba zam'madzi Medos VladOx.

Aquarium: makoma, zokongoletsera kapena zida zidakutidwa ndi zokutira yoyera - oyera ntchofu, ndichite chiyani?

Maonekedwe a ntchisi yoyera ndimavuto ambiri pama aquariums atsopano. Zimachitika chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi (PJ, organics). Chikwangwani choyera chimakhala ndi magulu ambiri a mabakiteriya a saprophytic, omwe amadya michere yambiri. Ma bacteria ndi ntchofu ndizovulaza, sizivulaza nyama zam'madzi. Koma kupezeka kwawo sikosangalatsa m'maso ndipo kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi mu aquarium. Monga lamulo, ntchofu imakutidwa ndi chilengedwe cha mtundu wa malo otentha (malo omwe mumakhala zinthu zazikuru kwambiri). Nthawi zambiri, mizere yambiri imawonedwa pamakoma a malo oyambira momwe malo amayendera amafikira - mabakiteriya "amagwira maswiti" mumphepo, yomwe imawapatsa madzi.

Miphikayi imachotsedwa mophweka - mwaukadaulo. Akatswiri ena am'madzi amalangiza kaphatikizidwe kapena ena madongosoloamene achotsa ntchofu. Koma ngakhale popanda izi, zolembazo zidzasowa mukamangochita bwino. Kuti izi zichitike mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kulimbikitsa kusefedwa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndiye kuti, m'njira zonse zimathandizira pakuchepetsa komanso kuthamanga kwa makulidwe a PDA. Mwa kukonzekera kwa aquarium, mutha kupereka Tetra Bactozyme ndi Tetra SafeStart, yomwe ingalimbikitse kukula kwa gulu la mabakiteriya opindulitsa bwino, motero, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ziphe.

Vidiyo ya Aquarium Anti-Plaque

Kuphimba kwamagalasi: Zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Maonekedwe obiriwira pathanthwe ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri pakati pa asitikali am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusasamala kwa tanki komanso kuphwanya koyenera kwachilengedwe pamadzi, chifukwa chake mwala umapangika mu thanki, ndikupanga filimu yobiriwira yobiriwira pagalasi la aquarium:

• Protococcus ndi algae wodziwika yemwe amapanga filimu yobiriwira ngati mawonekedwe kapena pamtunda pagalasi la thankiyo. Yosavuta kuyeretsa.
• Xenococcus - imadziwoneka yokha ngati mawonekedwe amalo ozungulira pamakoma, ndizovuta kuyeretsa ndipo "imakula" kulowa mugalasi.
• Ma diatoms ndi chifukwa chomwe miyala, zokongoletsera, komanso mbewu zimasanduka zobiriwira.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti protococcus imakhalapo m'malo onse osungirako, ndipo ndi gawo limodzi la biobalance. Komabe, ntchito za algae ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kuchulukana kwa phosphorous m'madzi am'madzi, kupitilira 0,8 g / l.
• Kusunga nthawi yayitali yotentha pamwamba pa 27C.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa mchere wamathanki.

Zifukwa zopanga zolembera

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi, potengera zomwe apenyetsa ndikuwerenga funso loti angachotsere msipu mu aquarium, adapeza izi:

• Malo olakwika a tanki - ngati dzuwa lowonekera litayimiriridwa ndi thanki ya nsomba, izi zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri, kuphatikiza kuphatikiza kobiriwira pamakoma a aquarium.
• Kutentha kwamadzi - pamene kutentha kwa thermometer kudutsa 27C, malo abwino amapangidwa mu thanki kuti apange algae owopsa.
• Zinyalala zochulukirapo - zotsalira za zakudya ndi nyama zomwe zimayamwa zimayipitsidwa ndi thanki, zowola ndi filimu yobiriwira.
• Kusowa kwa fyuluta mu tanki ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe miyala, galasi ndi zokongoletsera zidakutidwa ndi filimu yobiriwira yakuda.

Momwe mungachotsere zolembera zobiriwira mu aquarium

Musanaphunzire kuchotsa chomera chobiriwira mpaka kumapeto, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kukoka kwa algae, ndikuchotsa, apo ayi nkhondoyi singakhale yopanda tanthauzo. Pambuyo poti chotsaliracho chikuchotsedwa, muyenera kukonzekera zida zotsatirazi kuti muchotse zolembedwa:

• Kukula ndi tsamba - zofunika kutsuka galasi.
• Chidebe kapena beseni lakale lomwe limatha kupitilira malita 10.
• Madzi kuti abwezere madzi mu aquarium.
• Pampu ya mtundu wa Siphon.
• Soda / viniga viniga kuti muchotse litsiro ndi mabakiteriya.
• Bleach yankho 10%.

Momwe mungasambitsire aquarium ndikuchotsa zolembera zobiriwira:

• Choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa ma greens pazenera za aquarium, mutasinthanso nsomba padziwe lina, ndikugwiritsira ntchito chopukutira ndi tsamba. Madzi ochokera mu tank samatsitsidwa. Kuti zitheke, ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito maginito oyendetsa maginito.
• Madzi akuda amawapopera m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito pampu: payipi imodzi imamizidwa mu thanki, ina m'botolo lakale.
• Atatha kuthira madzi, amayamba kuyeretsa mkati mwake. Zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera zimachotsedwa mu beseni ndikuyika pambali - ziyenera kuthana nawo pambuyo pake.Pambuyo pake, pampu imadutsa pamiyala, ikukoka dothi ndi algae, komanso pansi. Ngati mchenga kapena miyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi, dothi limamasulidwa ndi dzanja ndikuchitika ndi payipi pamtunda wa 2.5 cm kuchokera pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo lapansi silidzakokedwa mu bomba.
• Zodzikongoletsera zochotsedwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera zimatsukidwa ndi zolengeza ndi dzanja. Ngati mulingo woyipitsidwa ndiwambiri, ndiye kuti bulitchi imagwiritsidwa ntchito - zinthuzo zimamizidwa mu yankho kwa mphindi 15-20, kenako ndikuthira ndi madzi otentha.
• Madzi oyera oyeretsedwa kale amawatsanulira mu thanki yosambitsidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zimayezedwa: kutentha, kuuma, acidity. Ngati magawo ndi abwinobwino, muyenera kudikirira maola angapo kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzi tikhazikike mpaka pansi, ndipo madziwo titha kuwonekera.
• Gawo lomaliza ndikuyeretsa aquarium kuchokera kunja, gwiritsani ntchito koloko kapena viniga ya viniga ngati zotayira. Potsuka, nyowetsani chovala choyera kapena chinkhupule ndi chopukutiracho, ndikupukuta pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa thankiyo ndi zida zake.

Njira zopewera

Pofuna kupewa kuteteza wobiriwira pamakoma a aquarium, njira zoteteza ziyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi. Kuti muchite izi:

• Sinthani madzimadzi mu thanki pafupipafupi.
• Onani mphamvu yowunikira, kutentha kwa madzi ndi maola masana.
• Zomera zobzalidwa m'madzimo: maluwa ambiri pansi pamadzi amathiramo, amachepetsa mwayi wopanga zolembera.
• Nsomba zomwe zimadya algae zimapezeka m'malo osungira: catfish, pecilia, aboe, ndi Amano shrimp.
• The aquarium imayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse: nthaka ya siphon, yeretsani zotsalazo za chakudya ndikutsuka galasi.

Duwa lobiriwira dziwe lochita kupanga ndi chinthu chonyansa, koma osapha. Ndikotheka kuchotsa filimu yobiriwira yakuda pamagalasi ogwiritsa ntchito zothimbirira komanso njira zodzitetezera. Kutsatira malangizo ndi upangiri wa akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi, aliyense oyambira akhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

Njira ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa

Zida zapadera zimathandiza kutsuka mkati mwa mpanda:

• chopukutira galasi kuti muchotse madera akuda ndi algae,
• siphon kuti ayeretse nthaka
• mphamvu (chidebe, beseni),
• ukonde.

Magnetic Scraper

Kukonza Siphon

Net kuti agwire nsomba

Chocholowacho chimasankhidwa kutengera kukula ndi mtundu wa aquarium. Ndikwabwino kutengera kukonda maginito. Ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma umaphatikiza dothi kuchokera pagalasi bwino. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito chinkhupule chokhazikika, chosanyowa m'makontena.

Choyeretsera dothi chapadera chimathandiza kutsuka mchenga wa m'madzimo popanda kutulutsa.

Ngati pakufunika kusintha madzi, ndibwino kupeza nsomba mothandizidwa ndi ukonde. Tiyeneranso kusankhidwa poganizira kukula kwa anthu okhala mmudzimo, kuti zikagwidwa, ziphuphu zisawonongeke.

Kuphatikiza pazida zopangidwa bwino, zinthu zofunikira kuyeretsa zimafunikira. Simuyenera kusamba m'chipinda cham'madzi pokonzekera chomwe chili ndi mankhwala. Ngati tinthu tawo titatsalira mkati, tikhoza kuvulaza okhalamo. Soda yophika ndi yovomerezeka, koma imakhalanso yowopsa kwa nsomba. Mukatsuka makoma mwanjira iliyonse, muzitsuka zonse ndi madzi oyera.

Ngati simungathe kuchita popanda njira yapadera yotsuka, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito sopo, Comet kapena Domestos.

Njira za anthu

Popeza sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kutsuka zolembera zamagalasi, pali njira zachikhalidwe zopewera algae zosafunikira:

• 20 g wa citric acid mu mawonekedwe a ufa amasungunuka mu kapu imodzi yamadzi, yosakanizidwa ndikuthira mu botolo lothira. Kenako makoma amathandizidwa ndi osakaniza awa, omwe amasiyidwa kwa kotala la ora, osambitsidwa bwino.
• Dilizani gawo limodzi la ammonia mu magawo 10 amadzimadzi ndikuchotsa wosanjikiza ndi ntchofu.
• 1 tbsp. l acetic acid imasakanizidwa ndi kapu imodzi yamadzi ndikuyika pamtunda womwe wayamba kukhala wobiriwira.

Ngakhale kuti njira za wowerengeka zimawonedwa mosamala komanso zotetezeka, onse okhala pamalowo amafunika kuziika asanazigwiritse ntchito.