Mbalameyi yam'madzi ndi ya anyani a Antarctic penguins, ndipo idatchedwa dzina lake loyambirira Adele, mkazi wa woyang'anira panyanja wa ku France komanso katswiri wolemba mafunde Jules Dumont-Durville. Koma kuti zikhale zolongosoka, munthu wa ku France adatcha malowa a Antarctica pambuyo pa mkazi wake, kenako mtundu wina wosadziwika wa penguin wopezeka malowa amatchedwa Adelie penguin, kutanthauza penguin wa dziko la Adelie Land. Dzinalo la mtunduwu lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito itatha 1840.

Mtunduwu umafalikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Antarctica, komanso ku zilumba zapafupi za South Shetland ndi Orkney. Pazonse, pali anthu 3,79 miliyoni omwe akuweta m'magulu 251. Izi ndizokwera 53% kuposa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi zolembedwa zaka 20 zapitazo. Chiwerengero chokhacho cha madera otchedwa Antarctic Peninsula chatsika, koma izi zidatheka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madera aku East Antarctica. M'madera ena, nthawi ya nesting, pali awiri 200,000 awiriawiri.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa mbalamezi ndi masentimita 48-71. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchokera 3.7 mpaka 6 kg. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mphete zoyera kuzungulira maso ndi nthenga m'munsi mwa mulomo. Ndiwotalika kwambiri mpaka kubisala. Mlomo pawokha ndi wofiyira. Mchira ndiwotalika kuposa ma penguin onse. Ziwonetsero zake zikuwoneka ngati tuxedo. Mutu, khosi, kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi zakuda. Pachifuwa komanso m'mimba mwayera. M'madzi, nthumwi zoyimira nyanjayo zimayenda mofulumira kwambiri 8 km / h.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Ma penguin a Adelie amafika kumalo a nesting mu Okutobala - Novembala. Pangani awiriawiri ndikumanga zisa. Ndi chisa cha milu ya miyala yoyikidwa mozungulira. Mu clutch mumakhala dzira limodzi, nthawi zambiri mazira awiri kapena atatu. Madzi obiriwira amapezeka m'mwezi wa Disembala. Ndizotentha kwambiri ku Antarctica (pafupifupi -2 digiri Celsius). Makolo amalimbikitsa dzira.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 32. Ndiye, kwa milungu 4, anapiye oswedwa ali pafupi ndi makolo awo, omwe amawawotha ndi maula awo ofunda ndi kudyetsa. Pamapeto pa nthawi imeneyi, achinyamata amagwirizananso m'magulu (ana) ndi kukhalamo kwa miyezi iwiri. M'mwezi wa Marichi, mbalame zazing'ono zimadyetsa kunyanja ndikuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ma penguin amenewa amakhala munyanja kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Okutobala, pomwe amatha kukhala pa mtunda wa makilomita 600-800 kuchokera ku malo okhalamo zisa. Kuthengo, Adélie penguin amakhala zaka 16. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 3-4.

Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino

Pakudya mu nyanjayi kuchokera ku chisa china kupita ku china, oimira amtunduwu amatha kuthana mpaka 13,000 km. Ulendo wautali kwambiri wojambulidwa anali 17,6,000 km. Mwachilengedwe, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, kudalira komanso kuyankhulana. Amadyera makamaka ku Antarctic krill. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya nsomba, squid, cephalopods, jellyfish. Zakudya zimatengera malo enieni.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa isotopic wa maqanda omwe adapangidwa m'makola pazaka 3 zapitazo, chithunzi cha kusintha kwa zakudya chidapangidwa. Zadziwika kuti zaka 200 zapitazo pakhala kusintha kuchokera pakudyetsa nsomba kupita ku krill. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zisindikizo za ubweya ndi zinsomba za baleen. Kuchepetsa mpikisano pamtundu wawo kwadzetsa kuchuluka kwa krill, komwe ma penguin a Adelie amasangalala kudya, popeza chakudya ichi chimapezeka mosavuta.

LIFESTYLE

Nthawi zambiri, ma penguin a Alleli amakhala munyanja, amagwirizira pafupi ndi ayezi wapaketi, pomwe nyanja yosanja imapereka kutentha kwambiri. Mbalame zimangobwera munyengo zokhazokha. Pakadali pano, mbalame zikwizikwi zimalumikizana m'malo akuluakulu ndikukhala m'malo amiyala m'mphepete mwa Antarctica ndi zilumba zina - South Sandwich, South Orkney ndi South Shetland Islands. Malo awa ali m'malo amphepo. Zamoyo zimakonzekeretsa ma penguin a Alleli kuti akhale ndi moyo nyengo yotentha ya Antarctica. Malekezero a madzi osagwira amadzi omwe amaphimba pafupifupi gawo lonse la thupi la anyani akuwolokera pansi. Chifukwa chake, maula amakhala ndi mpweya pansi pake, umasungabe kutentha ndikuwongolera chinthu chomwe chimapindulitsa ma penguin - motere madzi amayenda mosavuta kuchokera ku nthenga zawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma penguins amakhala ndi mafuta osiyanasiyananso omwe amawateteza ku chisanu chozama ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya kutsikira mpaka -60 ° C. Adelie penguins chisa m'midzi yayikulu. Mukamamanga zisa, mumakhala phokoso yambiri komanso ndewu - izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mbalame nthawi zambiri zimaba miyala ya chisa kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo. Phokoso limatsika pokhapokha akazi atayikira mazira, ndipo anyani amayamba kuyamwa. Nyengo ikatha, ma Adélie akuluakulu amaika penguins molt ndikupita kunyanja limodzi ndi anapiye awo.

Kufalitsa

Nyengo yovuta kwambiri ku Antarctica imapangitsa kuti ma penguins a Adélie azikhala padera nthawi zina pachaka. Mbalamezi zimapanga magulu awiriawiri ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabwereranso ku zisa zomwezo. Kuyenda ayezi ndi chipale chofewa kupita ku zisa zakutali kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi.

Ma penguin amakhala m'magulu a makumi mpaka anthu masauzande angapo. Mbalamezi zimawonekera pamalo odyera kumapeto kwa polar usiku - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ngati mkati mwa ulendowu ma pengu atopa kwambiri, amagona pamimba pawo ndikuyandama pa ayezi wosalala, ndikutulutsa mapiko awo.

Amphongo amawonekera koyamba kumalo azisamba, ndipo zazikazi zimadza mkati mwa sabata. Kufika pamalopo, mbalamezo zimakhala pamalowa ndikuyamba kupanga chisa. Zomera ndizosiyana, kutengera zaka za mbalameyo - mwa anthu achichepere nthawi zambiri timiyala tambiri kunja kwa buluu, pomwe akuluakulu amatenga timiyala tambiri tomwe timakhala ngati mbale. Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri ndikupumula kwa masiku 1 mpaka 5. Akaziwo akangoyikira dzira lachiwiri, amapita kunyanja kukadyetsa. Amuna amalowetsa mazira, pitilizani ndi njala. Pakatha milungu iwiri, zazikazi zimabweranso, ndipo anyaniwa amapita kunyanja kukafunafuna chakudya. Abwerera kuchisa mwachangu. Pakati pa Januwale, anapiye amabadwa. Kwa milungu iwiri amabisala pansi pa makolo awo, pambuyo pake amayima pafupi ndi iwo mu chisa, amangobisala mvula yamkuntho itatha. Anapiye azaka zinayi atasonkhana m'magulu akulu - "nazale." Anapiyewo atakwanitsa milungu isanu ndi itatu, chodyeracho chimasweka.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguin

Adelie penguin (m'Chilatini chotchedwa Pygoscelis adeliae) ndi mbalame yosawuluka yomwe ili mgulu lankhondo ngati la penguin. Mbalamezi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya mtundu wa Pygoscelis. DNA ya Mitochondrial ndi nyukiliya ikuwonetsa kuti mtunduwu udagawikana kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya penguin zaka 38 miliyoni zapitazo, zaka pafupifupi 2 miliyoni pambuyo pa makolo a genten Aptenodytes. Nawonso, ma penguins a Adélie adasiyana ndi mamembala ena amtundu zaka 19 miliyoni zapitazo.

Kanema: Adelie Penguin

Ma penguins oyamba adayamba kuyendayenda pafupifupi zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo. Abambo awo akale adalephera kuyendetsa thambo ndikuyamba kusambira konsekonse. Mafupa a mbalamezi akhala akulemera, zomwe zimathandiza kuyenda bwino. Tsopano mbalame zoseketsa izi "zimawuluka" pansi pamadzi.

Zinthu zakale za Penguin zinapezeka koyamba mu 1892. Izi zisanachitike, asayansi amaganiza kuti zolengedwa zopanda pakezi zomwe zimakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono zinali mbalame zakale zomwe sizimatha kudziwa kuthawa. Kenako komwe zidafotokozedwazi zidatchulidwa: makolo a ma penguins - mbalame za keel-nosed-gulu-lodziwika - gulu lotchuka la abulu.

Ma penguins oyamba anawonekera ku Antarctica zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ingapo imakhala kunyanja ndikuyamba kukhala ngati dziko lapansi. Ena mwa iwo anali zimphona zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, anthropornises, omwe kutalika kwake kunafika masentimita 180. Makolo awo analibe adani owopsa ku Antarctica yozizira, motero ma penguin adalephera kuwuluka, atazolowera kutentha pang'ono ndipo adasambira konse konse.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Adélie Penguins ku Antarctica

Ma Adélie penguins (P. adeliae) ndiopezeka kwambiri mwa mitundu 17 yonse. Adatchulidwa kuti Adele Earth, pomwe adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1840 ndi wofufuza mbalame wam'madzi wa ku France, a Jules Dumont-d'Urville, yemwe adatchulapo gawo ili ku kontinenti ya Antarctic polemekeza mkazi wake Adele.

Poyerekeza ndi ma penguin ena, ali ndi mitundu yanthawi zonse yakuda ndi yoyera. Komabe, kuphweka uku kumapereka bata pakulimbana ndi zilombo pakufuna nyama - msana wakuda mkati mwa nyanja yakuya komanso m'mimba yoyera pamadzi owala pamwamba pamutu. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi, makamaka mlomo wawo. Kutalika kwa mulomo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kugonana.

Ma penguins a Adelie amalemera kuchokera pa 3,8 kg mpaka 5.8 kg, kutengera gawo la kuswana. Awo ndi apakatikati kukula ndi kukula kwa masentimita 46 mpaka 71. Zochititsa chidwi ndi mphete yoyera yozungulira maso ndi nthenga zikutambasidwa pamlomo. Mlomo wake ndi wofiyira. Mchirawo ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa mbalame zina. Kunja, zovala zonse zimawoneka ngati tuxedo wa woimira. Adeles ndi ochepa pang'ono kuposa mitundu yodziwika bwino.

Ma penguins amenewa nthawi zambiri amasambira mothamanga pafupifupi 8.0 km / h.Atha kudumphira pafupifupi 3 metres kuchokera pamadzi kupita kumtunda kapena ayezi. Mtundu wa penguin wodziwika kwambiri.

Kodi pentiin wa Adélie amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguin Mbalame

Amakhala kudera la Antarctic lokha. Amakhala m'malo am'mphepete mwa Antarctica ndi zilumba zapafupi. Dera lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri okhala ndi ma penguin a Adelie limapezeka mu Nyanja ya Ross. Pokhala m'dera la Antarctic, ma penguin amenewa ayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri. M'miyezi yozizira, Adele amakhala m'mapulatifomu akuluakulu oundana kuti athe kupeza chakudya.

Krill, chinthu chachikulu muzakudya. Amadyera ma plankton okhala pansi pa madzi oundana, motero amasankha madera omwe ali ndi tirigu wambiri. M'nyengo yobereketsa, nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe komanso m'miyezi yotentha, amapita kunyanja kuti akamange zisa zawo m'malo opanda ayezi. Ndi mwayi wotsegulira madzi m'derali, achikulire ndi ana awo amapatsidwa chakudya mosachedwa.

Ma Adélie penguins omwe amakhala ku Ross Nyanja ya Antarctica amasuntha pafupifupi 13,000 km chaka chilichonse, dzuwa litachoka kumadera awo opuma mpaka nyengo yozizira ndi malo owumiramo nyengo yachisanu.

M'nyengo yozizira, dzuwa silituluka kumwera kwa Arctic Circle, koma madzi oundana panyanja amakula mkati mwa miyezi yozizira ndikuwonjezera ma mailosi mazana kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanja ndikupita kumalo ena akutali kumpoto kwa Antarctica. Malingana ngati ma penguins amakhala pamphepete mwa ayezi wothamanga, amawona dzuwa.

Madzi oundana akamazizira mchaka, ma penguin amakhazikika m'mphepete mpaka amadzanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi yamvula yambiri. Maulendo ataliatali kwambiri adalembedwa pamakilomita 17,600.

Kodi ma pelin adelie amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguin

Amadyetsa makamaka zakudya zophatikiza za Antarctic krill Euphusia superba ndi madzi oundana a krill E. crystalorophias, ngakhale zakudya zimasinthira ku nsomba (makamaka Pleuragramma antarcticum) pachaka - panthawi yopanda kuswana ndi squid - nthawi yachisanu. Zosanjazo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera.

Chakudya cha Adelie penguin chimatsikira izi:

• nsomba zamadzi oundana
• nyanja krill
• ma squid ndi ma cephalopod ena,
• nsomba zamkati
• Anzano owala,
• Ma Amphipod nawonso ali m'gulu la zakudya zomwe amakonda kudya.

Zinapezeka kuti nsomba za jelly, kuphatikiza mitundu ya Chrysaora ndi Cyanea, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi ma adelie penguins ngati chakudya, ngakhale kuti m'mbuyomu anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amangoweza mwangozi. Zokonda zofananazo zidapezeka m'mitundu ingapo: penguin wachikasu ndi Magellanic penguin. Ma penguins a Adélie amasonkhanitsa chakudya kenako ndikuwaza kuti adyetse ana awo.

Mukamadumphira pansi pamadzi kupita pansi pamalo pomwe pamagwera nyama yawo, ma pelin a adel amagwiritsa ntchito liwiro la 2 m / s, omwe akukhulupirira kuti ndi liwiro lomwe limapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Komabe, atangofika m'matumba obiriwira okhala pansi pamiyendo yawo, amachepetsa kugwira nyama. Monga lamulo, ma penguins a Adélie amakonda ma krill achikazi olemera ndi mazira, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Pophunzira zotsalira zomwe zidapezeka m'mizaka 38,000 zapitazi, asayansi adazindikira kuti kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zakudya zam'mimba za adelie. Anasinthana ndi nsomba kukhala gwero lalikulu la chakudya kupita ku krill. Zonsezi zinachitika zaka 200 zapitazo. Mwambiri, izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zisindikizo za ubweya kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 komanso kwa baleen whale kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Kuchepetsa mpikisano kuchokera kwa omwe amadana nazo kwadzetsa chiwonetsero chochuluka. Ma penguins tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya chosavuta.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Adélie Penguins ku Antarctica

Pygoscelis adeliae ndi mtundu wamtundu wa penguin. Amakonda kucheza ndi anthu ena pagulu lawo. Adeles amayenda limodzi kuchokera kumadzi oundana kupita kumalo awo okhalako nthawi yakubzala ikayamba. Awiri awiriawiri amateteza chisa. Ma Adélie penguins amasakanso m'magulu, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chodana ndi adani komanso zimawonjezera kusaka kwa chakudya.

Ma Adélie penguins amatha kuuluka kuchokera m'madzi kuti ayende madzi pang'ono pamwamba pamadzi asanadziponyere m'madzi. Mukamasiya madzi, ma penguin amapuma mpweya mwachangu. Pamtunda, amatha kuyenda m'njira zambiri. Ma Adélie penguins amayenda motsamira, osadumpha kawiri, kapena amatha kutsata pamimba zawo pamadzi oundana ndi matalala.

Zozungulira zawo pachaka zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ndi zochitika zotsatirazi:

• chakudya choyambirira panyanja,
• kusamukira kumadera ozungulira Okutobala,
• Kuchepetsa ndi kulera ana (pafupifupi miyezi itatu),
• Kutuluka kwa February ndikudyetsa kosalekeza,
• molting pa ayezi mu February-Marichi.

Pamtunda, ma Adélie penguins amaoneka ngati aulesi, koma akakhala panyanja, amawoneka ngati osambira, osaka nyama yakuya kwa mamita 170 ndi kukhala m'madzi kwa mphindi zoposa 5. Komabe, ntchito yawo yambiri yowombera imakhazikika mu 50 m ya madzi, chifukwa, pokhala owonerera, kutsika kwawo kwakukulu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kulowa kwa kuwala kuzama kwamadzi.

Ma penguin awa ali ndi masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi komanso a biochemical omwe amawalola kuwonjezera nthawi yawo pansi pa madzi, omwe ma penguins ena a kukula ofanana sangathe kuyimirira.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguin Chachikazi

Amphongo aamuna a Adélie, akukopa chidwi cha akazi, akuwonetsa mulomo wokwezeka, wokutira pakhosi ndi thupi lotambasuka kutalika kwathunthu. Kusunthaku kumathandizanso kufotokozera madera awo. Kumayambiriro koyambira, ma penguin a Adélie amabwerera kumalo awo osungira. Amuna amafika koyamba. Banja lililonse limakumana ndi kuyanjana wina ndi mnzake ndikupita kumalo komwe adakhala chaka chatha. Maanja amatha kuyanjananso kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana.

Kuchulukitsidwa kwa masiku a masika kumalimbikitsa ma penguin kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yopumira chakudya chokwanira kuti athe kupeza mafuta omwe amafunikira panthawi yobala komanso kulowetsamo. Mbalame zimamanga zisa zamiyala, zikukonzekera kuwonekera kwa mazira awiri. Adeflie ma penguins nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ana awiri amphaka pa nyengo, ndipo dzira limodzi limayikidwa itangoyamba kumene. Mazira ake amadzazira kwa masiku 36. Makolo amasinthana kusamalira ma penguin ang'onoang'ono kwa milungu pafupifupi inayi atawaswa.

Makolo onse awiri amapangira ana awo zambiri. Pakulowerera, amuna ndi akazi amasinthana ndi dzira, pomwe mnzake wachiwiriyo "amadya". Mwana wankhuku akangoswa, onse akuluakulu amasinthana kufunafuna chakudya.Nkhuku zatsopano zimabadwa ndi nthenga ndipo sizingodzidyetsa zokha. Patadutsa milungu inayi kuti mwana wa nkhuku asungidwe, amalumikizana ndi anau anyani ena achidwi kuti azitetezedwa bwino. Mu nazale, makolo amadyetsabe ana awo, ndipo pokhapokha atatha masiku 56 ku nazale kumene ma penguin ambiri a Adélie amakhala odziimira pawokha.

Adele Penguin Adani Achilengedwe

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguins

Nyalugwe za kunyanja ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri nyama zam'madzi za Adelie penguin zomwe zimagunda pafupi ndi malire a ayezi. Nyalugwe zaunyanja silivuto kwa ma penguin kugombe, chifukwa nyalugwe za kunyanja zimangopita kumtunda kukagona kapena kupumula. Adélie penguins adaphunzira kuyendayenda kuzinyengazi posambira m'magulu, kupewa madzi oundana komanso kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi mkati mwa 200 mamailosi awo. Nyama za Killer nthawi zambiri zimadyera nthumwi zazikulu za mitundu ya anyani, koma nthawi zina zimatha kudya nsapato.

South Polar skuas amagwira mazira ndi anapiye osiyidwa osakhudzidwa ndi akuluakulu kapena omwe ali m'mphepete mwa maselo. White Plover (Chionis albus) amathanso kuukira mazira osadziwika. Adilie penguin amakumana ndi kulumikizana kwa nyalugwe za kunyanja ndi anamgumi ophera kunyanja, ndi zikondwerero zazikulu ndi skuas pamtunda.

Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a Adélie penguins ndi:

• wakupha wakupha (Orcinus orca),
• nyalugwe wanyanja (H. leptonyx),
• South Polar Skuas (Stercorarius maccormicki),
• bulawuzi (Chionis albus),
• chimphona chachikulu (Macronectes).

Ma Adélie penguins nthawi zambiri amakhala zizindikiro zabwino pakusintha kwanyengo. Amayamba kudzaza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi ayezi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe cha Antarctic. Madera okhala ndi penguin ndi abwino kwambiri ku zachilengedwe ku Antarctica. Kuyambira chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, ma pengu awa anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya, mafuta, ndi nyambo. Guano wawo adakumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Adelie Penguins

Kafukufuku yemwe adapezeka m'malo angapo adawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma adelie penguin ndikokhazikika kapena kukula, koma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kudalira kwambiri kugawika kwa madzi oundana, pali nkhawa kuti kutentha kwanyengo padziko lonse kungayambitse kuchuluka. Amakhala ngati nzika za Antarctic zopanda nthawi yozizira.

Zochita zawo munyanja ndizochepa 90% ya moyo ndipo zimatengera kapangidwe ndi kusinthasintha kwa madzi oundana panyanja. Ubale wovutawu umawonetsedwa ndi magulu odyetsa mbalame, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ayezi panyanja.

Kutengera pa kafukufuku wa satellite wa 2014 wa malo atsopano ofiira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja okhala ndi ziphuphu: 3.79 miliyoni zoberekera zam'mlengalenga zimapezeka m'malo 251 ochulukitsa, omwe ndi 53% kuposa kuchuluka komwe kunachitika zaka 20 zapitazo.

Madera omwe amagawidwa mozungulira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Antarctic ndi nyanja. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ku chilumba cha Antarctic kwatsika kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, koma izi zidatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa East Antarctica. Nyengo yakuswana, amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu oswana, omwe ena amapanga oposa kotala miliyoni.

Kukula kwa magulu amodzi payekhapayekha kumasiyanasiyana, ndipo ena amatha kusokonezedwa ndi nyengo. Ma Habitats amadziwika ndi birdLife International ngati "malo ofunika a mbalame". Adelie Penguin, mu 751 527 awiriawiri, olembedwa m'magulu asanu osaphatikizidwa. Mu Marichi 2018, gulu la anthu 1.5 miliyoni lidapezeka.

Habitats, moyo

Pakati pa Epulo ndi Okutobala, moyo m'madambo akutali a kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi ndi wakuipa kwene-kwene. Nthawi imeneyi, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakhala munyanja. Amapita kutali ndi malo okhala nesting - 700 km. Apa amapuma, kudya chakudya kuti apeze mphamvu, chifukwa pambuyo pake adzafunika afe ndi njala kwakanthawi.

M'mwezi wa Okutobala, mbalame zimabwerera kumalo odyera. Nyengo nthawi imeneyo ndizowopsa.

Nthawi yotsalayo mbalame zili munyanja pafupi ndi ayezi wapaketi. Mutha kukumana ndi oimira amtunduwu wa ma penguin m'mphepete mwa miyala ya Antarctica, komanso kuzisumbu zomwe zili pafupi - South Sandwich, Southern Scottish.

Adelie Penguin Kudya

Adelie penguin akufunafuna chakudya m'madzi am'nyanja. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zake ndi krill. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi imadya ma cephalopod, ena ma mollusks ndi nsomba zazing'ono.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, Adelie penguin amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zomwe amalandira kuchokera ku chakudya. Masana, Adélie penguin amangodya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri a chakudya.

Mukamasambira, mbalame yokhala ndi mapiko imathamanga kuposa 20 km / h. Miyendo yayikulu ya mbalameyi, yomwe imakhala ndi ziwalo zosambira, zomwe zimagwira ngati chida komanso zimathandizira penguin wa Adélie kuti akhale mbali ina.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za Adelie penguin

• Kuchulukana Adelie Penguins, wokhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 5 miliyoni, pachimake pa nthawi ya chakudya chodyeramo matani 9,000 aanthu amadya tsiku lililonse. Chiwerengerochi chikufanana ndi ma 70 omwe ali ndi zodzaza nsomba.
• Mafuta osanjikiza olimba komanso nthenga zosagwira madzi amateteza bwino ma penguin Kuchokera kuzizira, komwe kumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotentha kwambiri. Pankhaniyi Adelie Penguin amatsegula mapiko moyang'ana kuti athetse kutentha kwambiri
• Pakusintha kwakutali kupita kumalo azisamba, kumanga chisa ndi gawo loyambira la nesting ma penguin ali ndi njala. Izi zikhala pafupifupi milungu 6. Panthawi imeneyi mbalame kutaya mpaka 40% ya unyinji wawo
• Penguin Adelie chosavuta kuzindikira ndi mtanda mulifupi ndi mphete zoyera kuzungulira maso. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda ndi woyera
• Choyamba makolo penguin kusinthana ndi mwana wankhuku. Pambuyo pake anapiye amasonkhana mu "nazale" tsiku
• Chisa chimamangidwa ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono - zokhazo zomwe zimapezeka. Makolo amathandizira mazira mosiyanasiyana, ndipo amadyetsa panthawi yopuma
• Kutalika kwa Adélie Penguin: mpaka 70 cm
• Kutalika kwa Mapeto a Adelie Penguin: 20-24 cm
• Adélie Penguin Mass: mpaka 5 kg
• Chakudya cha Adelie Penguin: krill, cephalopods ndi ma mollusks ena, nsomba zazing'ono
• Kutalika Kwa Moyo wa Adelie Penguin: Zaka 15-20
• Mitundu yofananiraMitundu ina iwiri ya mtundu wa Pygoscelis: pantin subantarctic (P. papua) ndi Penguin wa Antarctic.

MALANGIZO OGULITSA

Pofunafuna nyama, yomwe maziko ake ndi krill, nthawi zambiri amapanga kulumpha kwamtundu wa dolphin, kotero gulu la ma Adelie penguins nthawi zambiri limakhala lolakwika kwa ma dolphin ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala kutali.

Penguin uyu, monga mfumu, amakhala ku Antarctica. Izi ndi mbalame zoseketsa komanso zosangalatsa kucheza mpaka 75cm, kutalika kwake mpaka 60 makilogalamu. M'nyengo yozizira amayenda munyanja, akusambira makilomita chikwi chimodzi kuchokera kumalo osungirako zinyama. Mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi komanso khosi lalifupi limayendetsa kayendedwe kawo m'madzi. Nthenga zing'onozing'ono zimamatirana, monga matailosi, ndikupanga maula osagwira madzi. Ndipo chifukwa cha fluff ndi mafuta osunthika pansi pake, thupi la penguin silinasambe. M'mwezi wa Okutobala (kumapeto kwa chilimwe ku Antarctic) akukonzekera dongosolo la zisa. Amayikidwa mkati ndi miyala ndipo mu Novembala-Disembala 2 mazira amaikidwa. Masabata oyamba abambo awo amawatentha, kenako makolo awo amawasinthira. Anapiye omwe anakula amaperekedwa kwa "mkhola". Kubwerera ku kusaka, makolo amapeza ndi kudyetsa ana awo.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Kuchulukana kwa ma Adélie penguins, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi anthu 5 miliyoni, kumatha kudya matani 9,000 tsiku lililonse pachakudya nthawi ya chakudya. Chiwerengerochi chikufanana ndi ma 70 omwe ali ndi zodzaza nsomba.
• Mafuta osungunuka am'madzi otentha komanso maula osasungunuka amateteza ma penguin kwambiri kuzizira kotero kuti amatha kukumana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mwakutero, penguin imatambasula mapiko ake mozungulira kuti ichotse kutentha kwambiri.
• Panthawi yayitali kupita ku nesting, kumanga chisa ndi gawo loyambirira la nesting, ma penguins amakhala ndi njala. Izi zikhala pafupifupi milungu 6. Panthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimataya mpaka 40% ya zochuluka zawo.

NKHANI ZOCHULUKA KWA ADELA PENGUIN

Mapaipi: kumbuyo ndikuda, m'mimba ndi chifuwa ndi zoyera. Kuzungulira maso ndi mphete yoyera yoyera. Nthenga zimapanga chotchinga chabwino kwambiri choteteza mbalame ku mphepo, matalala ndi ayezi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizopanda madzi. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana.

Mapiko: pamtunda sathandiza. “Mphalapala ”wu amaizika pokhapokha itayang'ana m'mimba pa ayezi wosalala. M'madzi, amasintha zinsomba m'malo mwa mbalame.

Mlomo: wamfupi komanso wosalala, ngati wosemedwa, wopanda mutu.

- Adelie Penguin Range

PAMENE AMAKHALA

Adelie penguin amapezeka pagombe lonse la Antarctica komanso ku South Orkney, South Scottish komanso ku South Sandwich Islands.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Zigawo zozungulira za Adelie penguins, zomwe zidasokonezedwa nthawi zingapo ndi mayendedwe asayansi, adalembedwa magawo omwe amatetezedwa. Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kwachulukirachulukira.

Moyo wa Adelie penguin komanso malo okhala

Dera lakumwera limadziwika ndi moyo wautali wa polar. Zimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Nthawi yonseyi, ma penguins a Adelie amakhala kunyanja, yomwe imachokera m'malo awo okhalamo omwe ali pamtunda wa 700 km.

M'malo amenewo amapuma momasuka, amapeza malingaliro abwino, mphamvu zofunikira ndikusunga mphamvu zamagetsi, kudya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Kupatula apo, zitatha izi "mbalame" zotere zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yanjala.

Ogasiti ndi mwezi wodziwika bwino kwa mbalamezi zobwerera kumalo awo okhalamo. Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe panthawiyi imapangitsa kuti ma penguin adutse mayesero ambiri.

Chisanu cha -40 madigiri ndi mphepo yoipa, yomwe imafikira 70 m pa sekondi, nthawi zina imawapangitsa kuti akwaniritse cholinga chawo cham'mimba. Chingwe chomwe mbalamezo zimasunthira chimakhala cha anthu mazana kapena masauzande.

Mabwenzi okhazikika a penguin amapezeka pafupi ndi malo ankhalawa a chaka chatha. Chinthu choyamba chomwe amayamba kuchitira limodzi ndikusintha nyumba yawo yomwe idawonongeka komanso yowonongeka nyengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimakongoletsa ndi miyala yokongola, yomwe adaigwira. Ndizinthu zanyumba iyi zomwe ma penguin amatha kuyambitsa mkangano womwe umayamba nkhondo, nthawi zina umayendetsedwa ndi nkhondo komanso nkhondo yeniyeni.

Zochita zonsezi zimatenga mphamvu kuchokera kwa mbalame. Munthawi imeneyi samadya, ngakhale madzi am'madzi momwe chakudya chawo chilili pafupi kwambiri. Nkhondo zankhondo pazomangira zimatha, ndipo m'malo mwa malo osungirako malo osungirako okongola omwe amapezeka, okongoletsedwa ndi miyala pafupifupi 70 cm.

Nthawi yonseyi Ma penguins a Adelie amakhala munyanja. Amatsamira kunyamula ayezi, kuyesera kukhala munyanja lotentha kwambiri. Madera okhala ndi miyala komanso gombe la Antarctica, zisumbu za South Sandwich, South Orkney ndi South Scottish Islands ndiye malo okondedwa kwambiri mwa mbalamezi.