Ctenopoma leopard, dzina lasayansi ndi Ctenopoma acutirostre, ndi wa banja la Anabantidae. Nyama zodziwikiratu za mitsinje ya ku Africa, ngakhale zili chonchi, ndizabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha nsomba zofanana. Amakhala moyo wamadzulo ndipo amakonda kubisala m'misasana masana. Mitundu yolimba komanso yopanda ulemu, imawerengedwa ngati chiwindi chenicheni pakati pa abale, pazovomerezeka, nthawi yokhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 15.
Kufotokozera
Anthu akuluakulu amatha kukula mpaka 20 cm, komabe, m'madzi am'madzi, kukula kwake sikuposa masentimita 15. Utoto wake ndi wofanana ndi nyalugwe wokhala ndi mawanga amdima ambiri. Utoto wake ndi wofiirira. Kapangidwe kamafanana ndi tsamba - mutu woongoka ndi thupi lalitali ndi mchira wozungulira komanso wamkati wamkati ndi ziphuphu zokhala ndi mabatani ofanana ndi minga.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Predator, m'chilengedwe mumadya nsomba zamtchire ndi ma invertebrates akuluakulu. Mu aquarium yakunyumba, imasinthidwa ndi zinthu zina, monga shirizi wozizira, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, minyewa, nkhono zopanda zipolopolo, komanso nyongolotsi zazomera.
Kukula koyenera kwa nsomba imodzi kumayambira 110 malita. Kambuku kenopoma amatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo, chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuwunikira, kuyenera kuzimiririka kapena kusinthidwa chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira oyandama. Amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lakuda, nthambi za driftwood zomwe zimapanga malo odalirika, ndi mbewu zaku Africa monga Anubias ndi Bolbitis. Amawoneka wolemekezeka kwambiri pamtengo.
Kukhalapo kwa chivindikiro chokulumikizira kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzisunga mpweya wofunda, wonyowa pamwamba pa nthaka, wofunikira kupuma kwabwinobwino kwa nsomba za labyrinth.
Zotsalazo ndizowoneka osanyalanyaza, zimasinthasintha mwanjira zosiyanasiyana pH ndi dGH, ngati zimakwaniritsa zovomerezeka.
Kusamalira kumatsitsidwa kuyeretsa kwa dothi nthawi zonse kuchokera kumchakichi ndikuchotsa gawo lamadzi (10-15% ya voliyumu) ndi madzi abwino okhala ndi kosefera kogwira ntchito.
Kudyetsa
Omnivore, koma m'chilengedwe amakhala ndi moyo wodya nyama, kudya nsomba zazing'ono, amfia, tizilombo. Ma aquarium amangokhala ndi chakudya chokhacho, ngakhale anthu ena amazolowera.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa ktenopome ndi nsomba zazing'ono, maukosi ammwazi, tubul mumps, earthworms. M'malo mwake, pali chakudya chowundana, koma monga ndiopeka, chimafunikira chizolowezi.
Komabe, chakudya chamoyo ndichabwino.
Ktenopoma ndi chilombo chomwe chimasaka kuchokera kwa wobisalira, womwe umayika mthunzi pazonse zake. Amayimirira osasunthika pansi pa masamba aminda ndikudikirira osavulala.
Koma, mutha kuwonera mchitidwewu ngati mungadyetse ndi nsomba zokhazokha. Zokonza, mumafunika malo oyambira okwanira 100 (pafupifupi malita 100 pa nsomba zingapo), wokhala ndi mbewu zambiri, dothi lakuda, komanso opepuka kwambiri, owala pang'ono.
Komanso kutuluka kuchokera mu fyuluta kumayenera kukhala kochepa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zachilengedwe, ma ktenopomas amakhala otakataka kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo ndipo sakonda kuwala kowala.
Tchire la Driftwood ndi tchire lofunikira ndikofunikira kuti chigoba ndi kupanga malo achilengedwe. Msombayo uyenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa nsomba imadumphira bwino ndikufa.
Popeza zachilengedwe zimakhala m'dera limodzi lokha, magawo amadzi amayenera kukhala okhwima: kutentha 23-28 ° C, pH: 6.0-7.5, 5-15 ° H.
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Zoologist Pellegren wa ku France adalemba gulu la ktenopome koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ku National Museum of Natural History of Paris. Pambuyo pofufuza, adaziphatikiza ndizomwe zimapezeka ku Africa ndikuwapatsa dzina la sayansi ctenopoma acutirostre.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zanjala zimangokhala mu Mtsinje wa Congo komanso m'milandu yake. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi, chifukwa chake singakhale nsomba zam'deralo. Moyo wamadzulo: ktenopoma amagona m'madzi am'madzi masana, ndikupita kokasaka usiku. Amadikirira nyama yake mumtengo, koma posangalala atha kuithamangitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutalika kwa nsomba sikupitirira masentimita makumi awiri; kuthengo, kumakhala kochulukirapo. Chikopa gwiritsani:
- nsomba zazing'ono
- mwachangu
- nyongolotsi zamadzi
- ma invertebrates
- caviar
- tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'matupi amadzi.
Mwa am'madzi am'madzi, mtundu uwu wa perch African suli wotchuka kwambiri, koma pali ena okonda zosowa zomwe zimakhala ndi nsomba izi zokha. Kunyumba, adayamba kukhala ndi ktenopoma mu 50s.
Kugwirizana
Zabwino kwambiri, ndipo zili ndi kamwa yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kumeza nsomba kukula kwa guppy lalikulu popanda mavuto. Zonse zomwe sangathe kuzimeza zimanyalanyazidwa ndipo sizikhudzidwa.
Chifukwa chake ktenopomy imakumana ndi nsomba zofanana kapena zazikulu kukula. Sikoyenera kuwasunga ndi ma cichlids, chifukwa ma ktenopomy amakhala amantha ndipo amatha kuvutika.
Anthu oyandikana nawo abwino ndi gourami ya marble, metinnis, makonde, plectostomuse, suppistruse, komanso nsomba iliyonse yomwe sangathe kumeza, yofanana kapena yayikulu kukula.
Zakudya za leopard ktenopom
Ctenopoma anakhalabe owona pazokonda zawo ngakhale m'malo osungira nyama - chakudya chabwino kwambiri chingakhale magazi am'mimba, corvetra ndi nyama zina zogwirizana, pakakhala kuti kuzizira kungakhale koyenera.
Kuphatikiza pazakudya zomwe zili pamwambapa, zimatha kupatsidwa nyongolotsi, mphutsi zazing'ono komanso nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe amazisaka mosasamala.
Chakudya chowuma ktenopomy samadya mosavuta, koma nsomba zimatha kuzolowera zakudya zapadera, mwachitsanzo, zodzilemba nsomba, zopangidwa ndi makampani aku Germany a Tetra ndi Sera.
Palibe chifukwa chodyetsera chakudya chomera.
Zabwino menyu ktenopom imatha kukhala ndi shrimp wofinya, nyongolotsi zamagazi, ma mollusks, nyongolotsi zamphepo ndi nyongolotsi za ufa.
Kubala Leopard Xenopoma
Mutha kupeza opanga ochepa kuchokera pagulu la achinyamata omwe, pakukula kwawo, amapanga okha awiriawiri.
Pali kuyerekezera komwe kumatulutsa kambuku ktenopom odzipereka kwa nyengo inayake. Pomwe amapota nthawi zambiri, nthawi yopuma isanathe.
Kufalikira ktenopomy m'malo osambira, izi sizachilendo. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika malo oyaluka pang'ono (kuchokera malita 50), obzalidwa ndi zomera, mutha kuyika mbewu zoyandama pamwamba, koma kupezeka kwake sikofunikira, popeza zisa zakunguzizi ktenopomy osamanga.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zigawo zakuda, ndiye kuti nsomba sizikhala manyazi. Simungagwiritse ntchito dothi konse, koma ikani chala pang'ono kapena mwala pang'onopang'ono pomwepo ndi chitsamba cha anubias kapena moss.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwaza kwake kuyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro, choyambirira kuti opanga asadumphe kuchokera mu aquarium nthawi yopanga ndi kachiwiri, kuti apange malo pakati pagalasi ndi madzi, malo otentha komanso ofunikira kuti nsomba ipume.
Kutulutsa kumafuna madzi ofewa ndi kuuma kwa dGH ya 2-4 ° ndi acid pH ya 6.6-7.0, kutentha kwake komwe kumakwezedwa mpaka 28 ° C, komwe ndi madigiri 3-4 kuposa momwe zilili.
Chingwe chaching'ono ktenopoma
Kubzala sikumachitika nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri patsiku lachitatu mutabzala. Ambiri mwa caviar oikidwa amakhalabe osabereka. Mwina chifukwa chake nsomba zimakhwima mtsogolo kwambiri kuposa nthumwi zamitundu ina. Pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi, osayera ndi ma caviar azungu, ndipo maso akuda amayamba kuwoneka mazira amoyo.
Chifukwa caviar ktenopom Yopepuka kuposa madzi, imadziunjikira pansi. Mosiyana ndi labyrinths ena, opanga sasamala za ana, motero atangobzala akhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha pafupifupi maola 48. Ngakhale mazira akuluakulu, mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka mwa iwo ndizochepa, zimakhala ndi yolk yayikulu. Pambuyo pa masiku awiri, yolk sac ikukonzekera, ndipo mphutsi zimasanduka mwachangu ndikuchulukirachulukira, ndikuyamba kusambira momasuka pofunafuna chakudya.
Monga chakudya choyambira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo nauplii brine shrimp (m'badwo watsiku ndi tsiku).
Ngakhale fecundity yayikulu (mazira masauzande angapo), pansi pa malo am'madzi, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka mwachangu kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Chikopa ktenopoma sanalandirebe ntchito pagulu lanyumba. Komabe, atathetsa vuto la kuyanjana, poyang'anitsitsa momwe mndende zimakhalira, "Wowoneka bwino" wa ku Africa uyu adzakhala chokongoletsera cha m'madzi aliwonse.
Malangizo Oyenera
Kusamalira moyenera kumatha kukhala ndi malo oyambira, osachepera 100-200 malita pa nsomba yayikulu 2-3. Phimbani thankiyo ndi mpata wa masentimita 2-2,5 pakati pa beseni ndi madzi. Mumakonda zofewa, zopepuka. Timiyala ting'onoting'ono ndioyenera nthaka. Kambuku kenopoma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisala chifukwa cha chibadwa chake, chifukwa chake kukonza kwake kumakhala kolimba kumakhudzanso kukhalapo kwa zimbudzi zopangidwa ndi miyala ndi ma ceramics, obzala mitengo. Mutha kupanga nsanja zanu, nyumba zachifumu ndi ma grotto.
Mitengo itatu pansi pa madzi, mbewu zoyandama ndizolandiridwa. Biotope yachilengedwe imapangidwa pakakhala malo osambira osambira. Ma parameter amadzi amawonedwa pamalire okhwima: kutentha 23-28 madigiri, kuuma kwamadzi 4-10 dGH, acidity - 6.0-7.0 pH. Kusintha ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi madzi ndikofunikira kwa madziwo / 1/5 amafunikira, ndikofunikira kuti madziwo azikonzedwanso kamodzi pa sabata. Leopard xenopoma iyenera kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, akatswiri amalangizidwa akuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa peat m'madzi.
Kodi ma xenopoms amagwirizana ndi ndani?
Monga zilombo zolusa, nyama izi zokhala ndi pakamwa zazikulu ndizokonzeka kumeza nsomba zazing'ono ndi amphibians. Iwo amene atsala okha. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa iwo ndi ma cichlids, nsomba zazikuluzizi zimangovulaza. Scout amawalangiza kuti athetse iwo ngati ma gouras amiyala, makonde, anticistruses, ndi metinnis.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Ktenopoma ya kambuku imalekerera nthumwi za mitundu ina yamtundu womwewo ndipo ngakhale imachita manyazi, ikhoza kuwopsezedwa ndi anansi omwe agwira ntchito kwambiri mu aquarium. Khalidwe lotereli silimapatsa nyama yoti idye, koma nthawi zina amatha kudya nsomba yaying'ono.
Maubwenzi apakati pa intraspecific amachokera pakulamulira kwamphongo wamwamuna wa alpha m'dera linalake, ndipo kusamvana kumatheka m'matanki ang'onoang'ono. Mavuto amatha kupewedwa ngati nsombazo zimakula limodzi ndikupanga gawo loyambira likamakula.
Kuswana / kuswana
Kuyesa bwino kwa kuyesedwa kwa Mtunduwu mu aquarium yakunyumba sikuli kofala. Ma Ctenopomans amafunikira posankha bwenzi, mwayi wopanga ochepa okha umakhala wokwera ngati mutapeza gulu la nsomba zingapo zamsinkhu umodzi.
Kukhazikika kwa nyengo yakukhwima, nsombazi zimachita kuvina kwaphokoso, pomwe mazira mazana ambiri amasulidwa omwe amayandama pamwamba ndipo kuyambira pamenepo amasiyidwa kumakina awo. Zolimbitsa thupi za makolo sizinapangidwe ndipo palibe nkhawa ndi ana amtsogolo, kuwonjezera apo, nsomba zachikulire zimatha kudya mazira awo, chifukwa chake, pofuna kutetezedwa, zimasunthidwa mosamala ku tank losiyanalo lomwe limakhala ndi madzi ofanana.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi maola 48, m'masiku awiri otsatira, mwachangu amayamba kusambira momasuka kufunafuna chakudya. Dyetsani ndi mtanda wapadera kapena ma ciliates akuluakulu.
Matenda a nsomba
Cholinga chachikulu cha matenda ambiri ndi malo osayenera komanso chakudya chosakwanira. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zapezeka, muyenera kuwunika magawo am'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa zamagetsi (ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, zina), ngati kuli kofunikira, bweretsani zomwezo mwazowonjezera ndipo pokhapokha pitani ndi chithandizo. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Kodi kubereketsa ktenopoma kambuku ndi kotheka?
Amamvekedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala akuzungulira kuti ktenopoma simasamba m'madzi - anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri samabereka ndipo sasamala za ana, komabe pali mwayi. Ngati muli ndi ana angapo okhala, amapeza wokwatirana naye akadzakula.
Zomera zokulira ziyenera kukhala ndi mbewu zoyandama komanso pamtunda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba thanki kuti Fryayo apume mpweya wofunda, wonyowa. Makolo okonzekera kubereka amamatirana wina ndi mnzake, pang'onopang'ono akuikira mazira. Chifukwa cha kupepuka kwake, anaika caviar pansi. Makolo samusamala, kotero kuti akhonza kuchotsedwa ana.
Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku awiri, pambuyo pake mwachangu kusambira mumadzipaka. Kudyetsa - ciliates, patapita nthawi pang'ono - naupilia artemia. Mu aquarium, mwachangu ambiri sakhala ndi moyo, kapena samaswa, ngakhale alipo mazira ambiri. Pakati pa ana panali milandu yodyerana. Mwinanso, ktenopomes ya kambuku ndi nsomba zabwinobwino zina zomwe zimamera nthawi ndi nthawi. Mvula isanayambe.
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, nyalugwe ctenopoma amayamba msanga, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10, chifukwa chake kuswana sikupezeka kawirikawiri mu ukapolo. Kuti kukula kwamtunduwu kusamachitike pamikangano ya mtsogolo, ayenera kumakula limodzi, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowerana.
Kuswana
Ndi kubereka kwa leopard ktenopen nthawi zambiri mavuto amabuka. Zimadziwika kuti zimagulidwa makamaka ndi akuluakulu komanso kutalikirana kuthengo. Ponena podzilimbitsa nokha mu aquarium, ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa cha mavuto pakupanga zinthu pafupi ndi zachilengedwe komanso kufooka mwamphamvu kwa kugonana.
Moyo ndi chikhalidwe mwachilengedwe
Asodzi a kambuku samakonda kuchoka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chifukwa chake samasambira akuya kupitirira 10-12 m. Amapezeka pafupi ndi miyala ndipo osatalikirana ndi malo amchenga.
Nimbochromis venustus ndi nyama yomwe imabisala. Nthawi zambiri, "nyalugwe" wamadzi amaikidwa pathanthwe (kapena pansi pa chosungira) ndikuyerekeza kuti wamwalira. Koma ngati nsomba yayikulu ikuwoneka pafupi, ingwe ikuwukira mwachangu.
Ma xenopomas okhala ndi moyo waufulu amakonda kupanga magulu a amuna amodzi ndi akazi angapo. Kukula konse kwa mayanjowo ndi anthu 3-4. Nthawi yomweyo, mwamunayo amadzipereka kuteteza gawo lokhalamo komanso kuteteza akazi omwe ali m'gulu lake.
Zambiri za Aquarium
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kwa ktenopoma ya kambuku, nkhani yachigawo ndi yovuta. Sakonda kukhala ndi winawake m'malo opanikizika. Ngakhale itakhala ktenopoma ina.
Chifukwa chake, iwo amene akufuna kupeza anthu awiri kapena atatu, ndikofunikira kutengera kuwerengera kwa malita 50 pa nsomba iliyonse. Kupanda kutero, nsombayo imapanga zipolowe, ngakhale zili zofunikira.
Ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi madigiri 23-28, ndipo mulingo wovunda wamadzi sikuposa 4-10. Zowonezera wa hydrogen, ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire a 6.0-7.2.
Ndikofunikira kupangira madzi am'madzi ndi kusefera komanso chipangizo chosinthira mpweya. M'malo 20% ya kulemera konsekonse sabata.
Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi, aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro, popeza kutentha kwa mpweya kunja kwa aquarium ndikosiyana kwambiri. Ndipo kumeza ndi kambuku xenopome ndizoletsedwa. Mtunda pakati pa chivundikiro ndi malo amadzi uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3 cm.
Zida zina zimayenera kukhala mbewu zapadera za m'madzimo, miyala, miyala, ngalala kapena miyala. Mutha kugulanso nyumba zapadera, ktenopoma ikangosangalala ndi izi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro onse kumatsimikiziridwa mwamphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Ndikofunikira kuti aliyense akhale ndi "angle" yake. Izi ndichifukwa choti pobisalira ndi malo ogona ndi mpumulo.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nsomba zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa munthawi yamagulu amodzi mutha kusinthana wina ndi mnzake komanso osasemphana gawo. Izi zikuwonekeranso ndi eni ake a leopard ktenopoma. Koma ndizosatheka kutsimikizira kusakhala kwa ankhanza, chifukwa chake ndibwino kusamalira malo amalo ndi aliyense payekhapayekha.
Zosankha Zamadzi Zinyama Zanyani
Kuti xenopomas imve bwino, madzi amadzimadzi ayenera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:
- t ° (kutentha): + 25 ° C mpaka + 27 ° C,
- pH (acidity): 7.5 mpaka 8.5 (wandale)
- dH (kuuma): 8 ° mpaka 20 °.
Momwe mungaberekerere gourami kunyumba
Tifunikanso kukhazikitsa madzi ndi michere ya mitundu iwiri ndikusintha kwa sabata limodzi kwa 1/3 ndi kuyeretsa dothi kuchokera ku zotsalira. Njira izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukhudzika kwa aquarium biosphere, komwe ndi kowopsa kwa nyalugwe wagolide.
Kutsatira malamulo osamalira kambuku wagolide kumawathandiza kupereka moyo kwa zaka 7 mpaka 7 (nthawi zina mpaka zaka 15).
Sizaya
Kwawo ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa Africa, kuyambira Senegal kupita ku Congo. M'mitsinje imakula mpaka 20 cm, m'malo ochepera ochepa. Kumbuyo kwa chivundikiro cha gill kumakhala ndi mano, choncho mukamagwira nsomba muyenera kusamala, imatha kugwira ukonde. Thupi limakhala lotuwa kapena la bulauni. M'mimba ndi siliva, ndipo pamtambo pali wakuda. Pofuna kukonza muyenera kukhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi madzi okwanira 200 malita.
Njira zisanu ndi zitatu
Amakhala m'mitsinje kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Congo. Amuna amakula mpaka 8,5 masentimita, akazi - mpaka 7. 7. Utoto umasiyanasiyana kutengera malo omwe nsomba idabadwira. Itha kukhala ya buluu kapena ya bulauni. Mitsinje yambiri yakuda imabalalika thupi lonse. Sankhani madzi ofunda (24-28 madigiri) ndi madzi ofewa (3-10 dGH) okhala ndi acidity mumitundu 6.7 pH. Kukula kwa aquarium ndi 110 malita. ndi mmwamba.
Chinthu chachikulu chathanzi ndi zakudya zoyenera
Popeza nyalugwe wagolide ndi nyama yolusa, maziko ake amadyedwa ndi moyo ndipo ndi achisanu a mitundu yonse:
- nsomba ndi nyama wamba,
- mtima wa ng'ombe
- nyansi
- mphutsi
- shirimpi
- chimfine,
- Artemia
- opanga zitoliro
- daphnia
- nkhanu,
- Nkhono.
Komabe, amafunikiranso zakudya zamasamba, ngakhale zingakhale zochepa. Kuperewera kwa kuvala koteroko kumapangitsa kuti kambuku liyambe kudya algae mu aquarium.
Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zama feed apadera, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala osati kawirikawiri.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa ktenopome 4-5 pa sabata, ndipo chakudya chotsalira mukatha kudya chimalimbikitsidwa kuti ichiritsidwe nthawi yomweyo.