Zowonadi, pa Seputembara 25, 2017, blogs Arslan Valeev adamwalira ndi kulumwa ndi njoka. Monga katswiri wa njoka ndi zirombo zina, Arslan adagawana zomwe adalandira ndi omwe adawathandizira. Adakonzekereratu tsiku lomwelo. Poyambitsa, adatengera njoka ku malo osungira nyama, komwe adakamuluma. Nthawi yomweyo adapempha omvera kuti alumikizane ndi mkazi wake kuti athe kuchitapo kanthu. Koma, komabe, anali kudziwa bwino kuti amwalira.

Yankho labwino 4

Kufotokozera ndi kufalitsa nyamayo

Njoka zodziwika bwino ndi za njoka zapoizoni zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku Europe ndi Asia. Ndi chamoyo chaching'ono kwambiri pafupifupi 60 cm ndipo cholemera pafupifupi 100 g.

Pali zoyerekeza zokulirapo, koma ndizosowa kwambiri. Nyoka zikuluzikulu zajambulidwa ku France ndi UK. Kutalika kwa matupi awo nthawi zina kumafika 90 cm.

Momwe mungazindikire nyoka ya ku Siberia?

• Mutu waukulu, wosalala pang'ono womwe pamwamba pake pali zikopa zitatu.
• Mtundu mu 50% wamilandu ndi wakuda, ambiri amakhala ndi zigzag kumbuyo.
• Koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu amtundu wonvi,
• Mimba imakhala imvi, nthawi zina imakhala ndi zigamba zowala.

Nyamayi imagawidwa mwachisawawa mu Europe yonse, makamaka munkhokwe. Kummawa kwa Yuropu, nyama zanyama zambiri zimadutsa ku Arctic Circle ndipo zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Barents.

Njoka zapoizoni

Njoka wamba ikhoza kupezeka kudera la Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tuva ndi Khakassia, makamaka - ku Krasnoturan, Balakhtinsky, Bolshemurtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Yenisei district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Njoka zitha kuonekanso kudera lakutali la Krasnoyarsk - pafupi ndi mudzi wa Udachny, kumapeto kwa miyala yamphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yenisei, pafupi ndi mudzi wotchedwa 13 Bortsov, malo opangira zipatso ndi mabulosi, m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Kachi.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a njoka: mtundu wake umatha kukhala wosiyana, nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira kapena wamdima, pafupifupi wakuda, kumbuyoku ndondomeko ya zigzag, yomwe ikhoza kukhala palibe. Malinga ndi asayansi, pali achichepere omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wopanda mawonekedwe kumbuyo.

Njoka imawonedwa ngati yaulesi, koma pangozi imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Yogwira ntchito madzulo, nthawi zambiri imabisala masana.

Chakudya chachikulu ndi makoswe ngati mbewa, amphibians, mbalame. Vipers hibernate, atasonkhana pamodzi pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, m'miyala yamiyala.

Viper ndi njoka yapoizoni, koma nthawi zambiri siziwukira koyamba. Kuluma kungakhale pokhapokha ngati njoka isokoneza kapena ikuwopa.

Pallas njenjete Imapezeka ku Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Tuva ndi Republic of Khakassia. Kufupi ndi Krasnoyarsk, muzzle umatha kuwonekera kumphepete kumanzere kwa Yenisei, mdera la Akademgorodok, girch grove mu kampasi. Yodziwika m'madera opondapo, nthawi zambiri amayenda pamiyala yamiyala.

Sumu ya thyme muzzle imakhala yotsika mphamvu kuzimba ndi njoka zam'mimba, koma ikalumidwa ndi njoka, imataya poizoni wambiri, yomwe imatha kubweretsa vuto lakumunthu lalitali.

Ku Turasory ya Krasnoyarsk ndi madera akumwera kwa Krasnoyarsk, zolembedwa za kuluma anthu ndi muzzle zinajambulidwa. Moona mtima, posachedwa maliseche amaluma munthu wa ku Krasnoyarsk pamalo oimikapo magalimoto patsogolo pa malo ogulitsira. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti pakhoza kuponya njoka.

Njoka zotetezeka

Owamba nthawi zambiri umakhala wonenepa kapena wobiliwira maolivi. Nthawi zina mdima pafupifupi wakuda umapezeka. M'mphepete mwa mutu muli ma chikasu, kuwala kapena malalanje.

Imapezeka kumwera kwa dera komanso ku Republic of Khakassia. Amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Kale - njoka yotetezeka kwa anthu.

Njoka imafanizidwa amapezeka mkati mwa Krasnoyarsk komanso kumtunda kwa Sayano-Shushensky reservoir. Gawo la Republic of Khakassia - m'malo opezekapo ndi nkhalango. Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mapiri ndi mapiri a nkhalango. Moeno onani njoka iyi pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, m'minda ndi ma dachas.

Njokayo imadziwika mosavuta ndi mikwingwirima yotalikirapo anayi m'thupi. Pafupipookwerapo - malo ochepa oderapo, akuda kapena amtundu ofiira. Pamutu - mawonekedwe amtundu wopingasa, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala, wakuda ndi mmbali yakuda m'mphepete pakati pamapaso amaso. Madontho a bulauni pamimba.

Njokayo ndiyabwino kwambiri, imakwera bwino kudutsa nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi kusambira. Njokayo siili ndi poizoni ndipo siziwopseza anthu.

Malangizo machitidwe mukakumana ndi njoka

Monga lamulo, njoka sizimenyera anthu choyamba, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuwapha chifukwa chosamenyanirana ndi nyama. Njira zotsatilazi zotetezedwa ziyenera kuonedwa:

- Osaputa njoka, musakhudze ndi manja anu, osamponya miyala kapena ndodo,

- Pang'onopang'ono, popanda kuyenda mwadzidzidzi, chokani kwa njokayo,

- Osachotsa njoka mdzenje, kukongoletsa kapena kutenga ndi manja ake,

- Onani mosamala malo opumulirawo, makamaka m'malo omwe kuli njoka.

Njoka zaku Siberia

Ku Russia, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu pafupifupi 90 ya njoka, kuphatikizapo mitundu 15 ya poizoni. Tiyeni tiwone njoka iti yomwe imakhala ku Siberia.

Kudera la Siberia kulibe mitundu yambiri ya njoka, koma mwa omwe akukhala pano mulibe zovulaza - zopanda poizoni, komanso zowopsa m'malo mwake, zomwe kuluma kwake kungakhale koopsa kwa anthu ngati simukuthandizira panthawi.

Mmodzi mwa anthu okhala ku Siberia ndi njoka wamba (Vipera berus). Kutalika kwa nyokayo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70-80. Ili ndi thupi lokwera komanso mutu wopendekeka, mtundu wa njokayo umayambira imvi mpaka utoto wakuda, chingwe chooneka ngati Z chikuwoneka motsatira matupi athu.

Kukhazikika kwa nyanjayo ndi mzere wopondera m'nkhalango, wopatsa chidwi m'nkhalango zokhala ndi minda, madambo. Amakhala pobisalira m'makola, pachitsa chowola, ndi zina. M'pofunika kunena kuti njoka zimakonda kuphimba padzuwa, ndipo usiku zimayaka kumoto ngakhale kukwera hema, komwe kumatenthedwa.

Chifukwa chake samalani ndi kusamala chihemacho mosamala, osati masana okha, komanso usiku kuti mudzuke ndi njoka mukukumbatira.

Komanso kuchokera ku njoka zamtundu ku Siberia mutha kupeza njoka wamba (Natrix natrix), imakhala kumwera kwa Western Siberia. Mutha kukumana naye m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, komanso m'nkhalango zonyowa. Ndikosavuta kupeza - mutu wake wakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akulu akulu achikaso.

Ku Western Siberia, mutha kupeza nsomba za mkuwa (Coronella austriaca), njokayo ndi ya banja la othandizira. Mtundu wa njokayo umachokera ku imvi mpaka wofiirira, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 70 cm.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete dzuwa, kudula mitengo komanso kufalikira. Ngati okopera akawona zoopsa, ndiye kuti imasandulika mpira, kusiya mutu wake pakati ndikuwanyambita kulowera kwa mdaniyo.

Akakumana ndi bambo, njoka'yi imathamanga kupuma.

Njoka yoyesedwa (Elaphe dione) ndi njoka ina yomwe imapezeka kum'mwera kwa Siberia. Njoka yaying'ono yapakatikati - mpaka 1m kutalika. Kupaka utoto ndi imvi. Malo osanjikiza amtundu wakuda kapena amtundu wakuda amatha kuwonekera m'mbali mwa msewuwo, m'mimba muli kuwala, m'malo ang'onoang'ono akuda. Zimapezeka munkhalango ndi mapiri.

Komanso kum'mwera kwa Siberia mutha kukumana ndi muzzle wamba (Gloydius halys) - njoka yapoizoni. Kutalika kwa njoka kumafika 70cm. Mutuwo ndi wokulirapo komanso wokutidwa ndi zikopa zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ngati chishango. Thupi la chidebe limapakidwa utoto mosiyanasiyana - pamwamba ndi la bulauni, la bulauni, lokhala ndi malo amdontho akuda.

Mbali za thupi zimadutsa mzere umodzi wautali wa malo ang'onoang'ono amdima. Pali mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamutu, ndipo mzere wakuda wa postorbital umakhala mbali zake. Mimba yake imakhala yotuwa kumtundu wa bulawuni, wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono ta mdima komanso kuwala. Makina ofiira amtundu umodzi kapena pafupifupi akuda amapezeka.

Potumiza ndemanga, mumatsimikizira kuti mukuvomereza kusintha kwazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikusunga chinsinsi

About Viper waku Siberian

Chidule cha nkhaniyi:

Nyoka za ku Siberiya nyengo yachisanu imakhala mdani wowopsa wa onse osankha bowa ndi okonda kukhala kunja kwa tawuni. Poizoni wake ndiowopsa kwa anthu, koma mutha kuthana nawo. Zotsatira zake zili zowopsa komanso zoyenera kuchita ngati mulumidwa ndi woyimilira uyu, tikuuzeni za malo ake komanso momwe amakhalira m'nkhaniyi.

Khalidwe la njoka

Pokhala ndikukhala nthawi yozizira, njoka izi zimasankha tating'onoting'ono ndi ming'alu pansi ngati akuya pafupifupi ma mita awiri, pomwe matenthedwe satsika pansi +2. Apa adikirira kuzizira ndikuwonekera pokhapokha pofika mwezi wa Epulo.

Chakudya chachikulu ndi makoswe ochepa, abuluzi, tizilombo. Koma osati chokha. Ngati chiweto chapeza chisa cha mbalame muudzu, anapiye kapena mazira amathanso kudyedwa.

Ichi ndi chokwawa - viviparous, kukula kwa dzira ndi maonekedwe a ana amapezeka achikazi mkati. Njoka zobadwa nazo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi poizoni.

Mdani wamkulu m'chilengedwe ndi ma hedgehogs. Amakhala opanda chiphe ndipo amatha kupha njoka. Atapeza wozunzidwayo m'nkhalangomo, hedgehog iluma thupi lake ndipo amasintha kukhala mpira. Kenako akubwereza wowongolera maulendo angapo momwe angafunikire kuti amuphe. Njoka ilibe adani ena kunkhalango.

Komanso pamavidiyo awa, munthu amakhala wowopsa kwambiri, anthu amawononga njoka zogulitsa, komanso amawononga malo awo achilengedwe.

Njoka ya ku Siberia: poyizoni kapena ayi?

Anapatsa zokwawa amawonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwa anthu, popeza anthu ndi akulu kwambiri kuti asasunge poizoni yemwe njoka imatha kutulutsa. Ku Russia, ziwerengero za anthu omwe amwalira samasungidwa ngakhale, chifukwa ambiri omwe amaphedwa sapita kwa dokotala, sizofunikira.

Komabe, kuluma njoka n'koopsa. Ululu wake ndi wofanana ndi kupezeka kwa ziphe za njoka zina, uli ndi mapuloteni - michere yomwe imaphwanya chomangira cha amino acid m'mapuloteni.

Komabe kuluma sikubweretsa kuimfa, makamaka ngati wozunzidwayo ndi munthu wamkulu. Apa, mwachidziwikire, kuphatikiza pazinthu zambiri ndikofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, pomwe poizoni amangamira.

Ngati anali khosi kapena nkhope, ndiye kuti mwayi wakufa umachuluka kwambiri popanda kulandira chithandizo chanthawi yake. Koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri miyendo imaluma.

Koma mulimonsemo, ngati mukumenyedwa, pitani kuchipatala mwachangu.

Njoka za ku Siberia: zotsatira za kuluma

Anthu opitilira 70% samamvanso kalikonse, kupatula komwe kumakhala kowopsa komwe kumakhala kumva zowawa komanso zowawa m'malo ovulalawo. Nthawi zina, pali zizindikiro zotere:

• Kuchepa kwa bala,
• Kutupa kwake
• Chizungulire,
• Nusea,
• Matenda a matumbo
• Kuchuluka thukuta,
• Malungo,
• Tachycardia.

Pamavuto, kusintha kwakukulu kumayamba:

• Kuchepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika,
• Kulephera kwina
• Zingwe
• Kutaya chikumbumtima.

Munthu akhoza kugwa. Koma ndikufuna kubwereza izi milandu yotere ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo zimawonekera makamaka ngati mwana agwidwa kapena ngati wina alibe vuto lililonse poyizoni.

Thandizo loyamba la njoka

Vipers ndi zolengedwa zachikondi komanso sichingayambe kuukira. Amaluma kuti adziteteze nokha, mukamawatsamira ndi phazi lanu kapena kugwira manja anu. Koma ndikulephera kulowa pa iwo, nyamayo imayandikira njira yanu ndipo iyesa kubisala.

Komabe, chilichonse chimachitika ndipo muyenera kudziwa chochita mwadzidzidzi:

• Choyambirira komanso chofunikira, muyenera kukhazika mtima pansi ndikuyimbira ambulansi,
• Kenako dzitsani dzanja kuluma,
• Vula zovala zako popeza madontho a poyizoni akhoza kutsalira.
• Kanikizanani pachilonda, mwanjira imeneyi mutha kuchotsa poizoni,
• Ikani kukakamiza kuvala bala. Osati bwalo lamalonda lomwe limatchinga magazi, chotchinga ndi bandeji,
• Ndikofunikira kupatsa yemwe akumenyedwayo chakumwa chochuluka,
• Ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kupereka njira yothira chifuwa.

Palibe chifukwa, musamwe mowa kwa odwala komanso musawawotche ndi bala. Izi zidzakulitsa magazi, chifukwa chake imathandizira kufalikira kwa poizoni m'thupi.

Malingaliro kuti chakupha chitha kuyamwa - diverge. Akatswiri ena ali otsimikiza kuti njirayi, yomwe imachitika mphindi 10 zoyambirira, idzachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa poizoni. Ena amakhulupirira kuti izi ndizowopsa ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa kwa wodwalayo, chifukwa ma tizilombo osiyana siyana amalowa m'mabowo ndi malovu.

Mapeto ake, ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti simunalumidwa ndi njoka, Siberian (wamba) kapena ina iliyonse, valani moyenera. Valani nsapato zazitali m'nkhalangomo, onetsani ana ndipo musachite mantha mukawona chodzitchinjiriza. Chezani pang'ono ndi kumapita nokha, osanyamuka modzidzimutsa. Ndipo, chabwino, musayese kumugwira ndi mchira.

Chifukwa chiyani njoka zaku Russia zidapha, koma anthu aku Siberi sanatero?

Lingaliro la njoka pakati pa Asilavo Akum'mawa ndi anthu a ku Siberia lidayamba mosiyana panthawi yomwe Russia idasinthira ku Orthodoxy.

Ngati m'masiku a njoka zachikunja mu nthano za ku Russia akadaperekedwera ngati mtundu wolumikizitsa zakumdima, zapakati komanso zapamwamba, ndiye kuti Chikristu kamodzi chidalozera njoka ngati mdierekezi, gwero lamachimo ndi kuperekedwa.

Komabe, mu chikhalidwe cha anthu, mawonekedwe onsewa adasinthidwa kukhala njoka wamba zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'makwawa. Ndipo omwe nthawi zambiri ankapha anyani ndipo, koposa zonse, ana awo ndi poizoni.

Ndidawona njoka - ikumupha?

Zinthu zosangalatsa zogwirizana ndi njoka komanso maukadaulo okhudzana ndi njoka adazipeza ndi akatswiri a Omsk omwe amapita kumidzi yakutali ya Irtysh, komwe Okhulupirira Okalamba ndi osamuka ochokera ku Central Russia amakhala ndikukhala.

Zinapezeka kuti mwambo wofotokoza kuwonongeka kwa zokwawa udakali moyo: "Ukapha njoka, Mulungu amakhululuka machimo 40," amakhulupirira izi m'mudzi wa Nikolsk, Omsk Region. "Simungasowe njoka, mudzamaliza njokayo, Mulungu akukhululukirani machimo 40," adatero m'mudzi wa Big Beach.

Malingaliro omwewo alipo pakati pa Belarusians, pakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine. M'chigawo cha Vladimir kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 iwo anati: "Kupha njoka, kuti uchedwa!" A Vitebsk Belarusians amakhulupirira kuti ngati mumapha njoka 20 patsiku, ndiye kuti cholakwa chachikulu chimakhululukidwa kwa munthu, ndipo amene amachitira njoka kuvulaza anthu.

Njoka "kuyamwa" dzuwa

Kumeneku, pafupi ndi Vitebsk, alimi adakhulupirira kuti dzuwa limayamba kulowa pachilimwe chachiwiri, chifukwa njokayo "imayamwa", idadya, motero muyenera kupha njokayo. Chikhulupiriro china chimalumikizana ndi dzuwa - "amene sapha njoka, dzuwa silidzawalira masiku atatu".

• Pafupi ndi Smolensk amakhulupirira kuti njokayo imayenera kuphedwa ndi mkate, mwina osalawo adatsutsa chiyero cha mkate kupita kwa amatsenga, omwe amayimiridwa ndi njoka.
• "Aliyense amene agwidwa kuti afe ndi kumenyedwa, machimo makumi anai adzakhululukidwa padziko lapansi," a Cossacks adakhulupirira.
• Zikhulupiriro zofananira ndi njokazi zidalipo mwa a Bulgarians, ku Transcarpathia ndi ku Poland.

Komanso, momwe timakhalira ndi njoka zomwe zikukhala pakati pa anthu achi Russia omwe amakhala ku Siberia: "Ndapha njoka, zili ngati ndapha mdani, ndasamba m'manja, ndipo ndizo zonse." Ndipo mwa ma Satars aku Siberian zinkawerengedwa kuti ndi tchimo lalikulu kusiya njokayo - anthu amakhulupirira kuti akafa munthu wotere, njoka imakwawa kupita naye m'bokosimo, zimakhulupilira kuti zoterezi zimachitika munthu akafa.

Zikhulupiriro zofananira zakuti kukakamizidwa kuphedwa kwa njoka kunalipo pakati pa a Caucasian Tatars ndi ma Georgians.

Momwe chombo chimasungira

1. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri ojambula zithunzi anazindikira kuti anthu ambiri satha kusiyanitsa pakati pa njoka zapoizoni komanso zopanda vuto, ndipo m'malo ambiri amagwirizana ndi abuluzi mofananamo, powaganizira kuti ndi zovulala.

Sichimva chisoni kwambiri ndi njoka, monga cholengedwa, chomwe chilinso ndi ufulu kukhalapo ndipo chimakhala munkhalango.

Ipha mfumukazi ya njoka - pezani chumacho

Koma mu Chitata chomwechi cha Siberia pali choletsa kuphedwa kwa njoka zoyera, akuti izi zimapangitsa kuti njoka yoyera ndiye mfumukazi ya njoka Ak Yelkan, m'dzinja amatenga njoka zonse ndipo zimagona limodzi. Palinso nkhani yokhudza momwe munthu m'modzi adaphera njoka, pomwe njoka zonse zidasonkhana kunyumba kwake osamulolera kuti atuluke.

Kwa anthu aku Russia, kupha njoka yoyera kumatanthauziridwa mosiyanasiyana - izi zimapatsa munthu mwayi kuwona chuma chobisika mobisa. Kuti muchite izi, "sungunulani mafuta a njoka ndikudzoza maso awo."

Kupha njoka - mwatsoka, komanso kukumana - mwayi

Natani amalankhula ndi anthu achikunja omwe amakhala kumwera kwa Siberia, "anatero Natalia Kozlova, dokotala wa sayansi ya zachifundo," m'nkhaniyi "Kupha njoka - ndi ntchito yopulumutsa?"

Izi zikuyenera, poyamba, ku zikhulupiriro za anthu aku Siberia, ku shamanism komanso kupembedzera nyama zonse.

A Kalmyks adakumana ndi njoka yokhala ndi nyanga yomwe amati inali yopambana ndipo adalengeza kusintha kwamtsogolo. Amakhulupilira kuti munthu wabwino yekha ndi mzimu woyera ndiomwe angathe kukumana ndi njoka.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mpango wokuyera komanso mapempherowo, adapempha "nyanga" kuchokera kwa njokayo, kenako "ndikuisunga ngati chinthu chopatulikacho, ndikuwasambitsa mkaka ndikuwakulunga ndi nsalu zamtengo wokwera, amakhulupirira kuti chisangalalo chotere chimathandiza ndi matenda.

Atatuvuni, nawonso, sanawone ngati njokayo ndiyo yoyimira zoipa, koma amawalambira ngati chinyama chomaliza - oyambitsa mabanja ena a Tuvan. Chifukwa chake, akakumana, sanakhumudwitse njokayo, ndipo popemphera, adapewa.

Altaiki akadakhulupirirabe kuti msonkhano ndi njoka kumapiri ndi chizindikiro chabwino, ndipo amalemekeza njokayo ngati woyang'anira phiri, pokhulupirira kuti ngati mutadutsa osakhudza ndiye kuti ipereka mwayi.

Anthu aku Buryat kudera la Irkutsk, ku Buryatia ndi ku Transbaikalia ali ndi mkhalidwe wapadera ndi njoka.

Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za Buryat, akakumana ndi njoka, amayenera kubweretsa chakudya choyera monga mlendo wokondedwa - mkaka, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi tchizi kapena ayran. Mwachidziwikire, a Buryats adakhudzidwa ndi kuthekera kwa njoka kubisala nthawi yozizira, yomwe amaiganiza kuti imfa, ndipo nkukhalanso ndi moyo pambuyo pa nthawi yophukira. Buryat adalemekeza njokayo "mbuye wamtchire" ndikuyesera kumchitira ulemu.

Buryat amakhulupirira kuti ngati mumapha njoka, ndiye kuti wina m'banjamo wamwalira, ngati mumapha njoka, banja lonse limwalira, ndipo mukapha njoka yapakati, ndiye kuti mkazi (mkazi) adzafa.

Zikhulupiriro zotere nthawi zambiri zimathandizidwa ndi ma Buddha ama Buddha omwe amafunsidwa kuti azichiritsa anthu omwe adwala pambuyo poti apha njoka, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi, monga zamatsenga, amasamukira kumalo okhala anthu aku Russia omwe amakhala ndi a Buryats mbali.

Njoka zowopsa kwambiri ku Russia, TOP-5

M'dziko lapansi kuli njoka zambiri zapoizoni. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, dziko lalikulu kwambiri malinga ndi gawo silili lomwelo. Ndipo ngakhale kuyerekeza ndi mayiko otentha, Russia ndiyabwino kwambiri ndi zokwawa, komabe, mitundu ingapo ya njoka zowopsa imakhala pagawo la boma. Tilankhulanso za iwo m'mabuku athu.

Musanawerenge nkhaniyi, mungadzifunse funso: kodi njoka zowopsa ku Russia ndi ziti? Mwinanso ambiri mtheradi adzatchulira njokayo. Malinga ndi ambiri, nyama yakuthengoyi ndiyomwe imayimira njoka zapoizoni mdziko muno. M'malo mwake, izi siziri choncho. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya njoka zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ku Russian Federation, pomwe zitatu zake ndi za mamba ndipo zina zitatu ndi mitundu yosiyana.

Njoka zapoizoni kwambiri ku Russia

5. Zisoni wamba

Dzinalo linanso loti reptile ndi Pallas muzzle

. Njoka iyi imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima akumbuyo kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa nyama yothamangayi ndi masentimita 50-70. Imapezeka kum'mwera kwa Volga, madera akummwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, ku Far East. Amakhala m'malo owoneka ngati zipululu, mapiri, nkhalango zowirira, madera okhala. Njoka imagwiranso ntchito nthawi ina iliyonse masana. Kupweteka kwa pakapukusira kumasokoneza zochitika zamagazi, kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, komanso minyewa yam'mimba. Kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kuluma sikukufa, koma kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha a mtima. Poizoni amayambitsa vuto lalikulu mwa anthu. Kutalika kwa poizoni m'thupi ndi sabata limodzi. Malowa alumidwa ndikumapweteka kwambiri ndipo mwina sangachiritse kwa miyezi yopitilira 1.5.

4. Steppe viper

Amakhala zigawo zakum'mwera kwa dzikolo. Imakhala ndi imvi yopepuka, komanso yowoneka bwino m'malo opezeka miyala. Kutalika kwa thupi 50-60 cm.

Kulumidwa ndi njoka yotsala nthawi zambiri sikukupha, koma popanda chithandizo chamankhwala panthawi yake kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino mtsogolo.

Panthawi yoluma, wovutikayo amamva ululu wowopsa, pambuyo pa theka la ola lomwe malo olumayo (miyendo) yatupa kwambiri, amatha kukhala dzanzi ndikutha kusiyiratu kumva. Edema imapezeka m'milomo, kumaso, thukuta lochulukirapo, kufooka, nseru.

3. Njoka za Caucasus

Dzina lachiwiri ndi viper Kaznakova. Chimakhala kudera la North Caucasus, pamtsetse wamapiri ataliitali. Kutalika kwa nyama yokhala pamsika ndi 60-70 cm, ali ndi utoto wowala-wakuda bii, pakhoza kukhala mabala a lalanje.

Poizoni wa mphako za ku Caucasian amachitapo kanthu mwachangu, amatha kuyambitsa edema, nseru, kutentha thupi, kugona. Wodyetsa amayenera kuperekedwa kwa uchi mwachangu. maziko oyambitsa antidote.

Nyoka ya Kaznakova imakhala pamalo okwera mpaka mamita 1000 pamwamba pa nyanja, koma imakhala ndi mapiri apamwamba kumapiri - Njoka ya Dinnik, omwe amapezeka pamalo okwera mikono 2 mpaka 3,000.

2. Viper

Njoka yodziwika bwino ku Russia. Amakhala pafupifupi zigawo zonse za dziko, zosinthika bwino kukhala kumapiri, nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhokwe zowirira. Kutalika kwa nyama yodzikongoletsera kumafika masentimita 90, mtundu wa thupilo umayamba kuchokera kutuwa kwambiri mpaka khungu lakuda kwambiri. Zimakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokumana ndi munthu. Poizoni wa njoka uyu ndi woopsa kwambiri, amayambitsa zochita za mthupi lonse, kuphatikizapo zamanjenje, zam'mimba, zam'mimba. Malowa amalumikizidwa, pamakhala kutupa kwamphamvu ndi kupweteka m'njira yovunda m'malingaliro. Popanda thandizo la kuchipatala panthawi yake, wovutikayo amayamba ndi malungo, edema ya kupuma, tachycardia, khungu kwakanthawi, vasoconstriction, kutaya chikumbumtima.

Njoka yoopsa kwambiri komanso yoopsa ku Russia. Mtunduwo umangokhala gawo la Dagestan. Chamoyo ichi chimatha kutalika masentimita 150, chili ndi mitundu ingapo: maolivi, imvi, bulauni, pinki, beige. Gyurza, monga lamulo, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, amagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse yamasiku, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Gyurza ndi wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu komanso wathanzi, amatha kuponyera mnzakeyo kuchokera kumtunda wa mamita 2-2,5. Pakuluma kamodzi, jekeseni wa 50 mg wa poizoni. Kuluma kwa njokayo ndi koopsa ndipo wolakwiridwayo amayenera kupita kuchipatala chokhala ndi zida zokwanira msanga. Ululu wa gyurza kulowa m'magazi umayamba kuwononga makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, maselo am'magazi ndi ziwalo zamkati. Kuchedwa kulikonse kukaluma kuli ndi zotsatirapo zake.

Popeza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya njoka zapoizoni idatchulidwa koyamba, tidzatchulanso mitundu yomwe siyidagwere muyezo wathu. Njoka iyi ndi mkuwa. Imapezeka ku Europe ku Russia ndi ku Western Siberia.

Ululu wa nyama yankhwalayi si woopsa kwambiri, ndipo mavuto ake amatha kulekerera popanda thandizo la kuchipatala.

Kuphatikiza apo, mano owopsa aofifish amapezeka kumbuyo kwamkamwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaluma ndi kutsogolo - mano osakhala poizoni.

Mukukonda positi, dinani zithunthu.

Steppe viper: moyo, poyizoni, chithunzi, kubereka, zakudya

The steppe viper (Vipera ursinii) njoka yapoizoni, nthumwi yodziwika bwino yautundu wa njoka zenizeni ku Russia.

Steppe viperPoyang'ana koyamba, zimasiyana pang'ono ndi abale ake. Koma njoka ili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi njoka zina. Kuphatikiza apo, njoka ya steppe njoka nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a CIS, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti njoka yaululuyi imawoneka bwanji komanso ndi mawonekedwe a machitidwe ake.

Kufotokozera kwa agalu opondera

Kutalika kwa nyama yokhala ndi nyama komanso mutu pafupifupi 45-48 cm, mbiri yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu - masentimita 70. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna.

Pamwamba pa njokayo pali utoto wonyezimira komanso wamtambo womwewo wokhala ndi zigzag m'mbali mwa njoka wamba. Nthawi zina Mzerewu umagawika padera. Pamutu pali njira yofananira ya mawanga amdima. Anthu akuda kwathunthu (zokumira) ndi osowa kwambiri pakati pamtunduwu.

Woyambira, pamalo oyamba, amasiyanasiyana ndi nthenda wamba zazing'onozing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mbali yakumtunda ya mutu wake imapita molunjika kumbali, ndikupanga nthiti yotchulidwa, chifukwa chake, m'mphepete mwake mwa malekezero ake amalozeredwa (yodziwika mozungulira) ndikukweza pang'ono pamwamba pamtunda wake.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Kuti mudziwe bwino, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muthe kuyang'ana chithunzicho kuti mudziwe bwino momwe amafotokozera njokayo. Kodi mumadziwa? Vipers imagwira nyama pa liwiro la mphezi. Kuti adziponye yekha, kubaya poyizoni ndikubwerera, amafunikira zochepa.

Njoka ya steppe ndi mtundu wa njoka zenizeni za banja lanjoka: thupi lake limafikira masentimita 55, mchirawo ndi wa 7-9. M'madera ena, anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 63 amapezeka.

Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna, pafupifupi kulemera kwa njoka zachikulire ndi 15-17 makilogalamu, oyimira amtunduwu ali ndi mutu wokwezeka wokhala ndi mbali yakumaso.

Pamwamba pa zishango zakumaso pali zishango zazing'ono zosakhwima, mtundu wambiri wa steppe viper ndi imvi komanso bulawuni, kumbuyo ndikoyera, chingwe chakuda kapena chakuda chakuda kudutsa mzere. Itha kuwonetsedwa kuti ili ndi mawanga, mawonekedwe amawonekedwe, mbali za thupi zili zokutira ndi malo amdima akuda, pali chojambula pamwamba pamutu, m'mimba amapaka utoto wowala ndi madontho.

Pafupifupi mitundu yakuda siyosowa. M'mawonekedwe, njoka zamphongo ndizofanana ndi njoka zamadzi. Nthawi yawo yokhala kutchire ndi zaka 7. Zolemba zina zimawonetsa kuti akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wopitilira 30.

Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mabungwe a kumadzulo a steppe viper (Vipera ursinii), Eastern steppe viper (Vipera renardi). Zotsalazo zimapezeka ku Republic of Moldova kokha. Kodi mumadziwa? Njoka sizimawona bwino komanso kumva.

Amayang'anira nyama zomwe zimasinthasintha.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Steppe viper ku Crimea

Kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa Epulo, nyengo yakukhwima imayambira m'maluwa - ino ndiye nthawi yoyenera kuti muchepe. Nyengo isanakhazikike, njoka zimakhala zokhazokha, nthawi zambiri m'magulu akulu, koma nthawi yomwe zimasaka zazikazi zimayang'ana zazikazi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Kwa njoka yaimayi imodzi pali amuna aamuna omwe akukonzekera masewera a mating. Amayenda mozungulira wamkazi mu mpira ndikudziyenda ndi matupi. Palibe opambana kapena otayika pamasewera awa - wamkazi yemwe adzasankhe wamwamuna wokondedwa kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, abambo a agulugufe amapanga zokongola. Amayima mfuti zomenyera nkhondo, ndikukweza mitu yawo kutalika ndikutsamira mchira wawo, kenako ndikumenya wina ndi mnzake ndi matupi awo ndi mitu yawo. Izi si masewera amwazi, chifukwa njoka siziluma wina kapena kufunafuna kupha - njoka yamphamvuyo imangotsitsa mdani wake ndikugwetsa mutu wake pansi.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Nkhondo zamwambo zoterezi pakati pa njoka zimatchedwa kuvina.

Pambuyo pa mavinidwe oterowo, njoka zimakonda kupumula kwa tsiku limodzi kapena masiku awiri, kumangolowa dzuwa. Pakadali pano, njoka nthawi zambiri zimabwera kwa anthu, koma nthawi imeneyi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zimapumira.

Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhalako, mimba ya njoka yotsala imakhala:

• Masiku 90 kum'mwera,
• Masiku 130 kupita ku Russia ndi zigawo zakumpoto.

Yaikazi imabweretsa ana amoyo, omwe amabadwa ndi chipolopolo chofewa ndikuwaswa nthawi yomweyo. Mu clutch imodzi, monga lamulo, pali ana amtundu wa 5-6 okha kutalika kwa 12-18 cm.Moyang'aniridwa ndi amayi awo, amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo posachedwa amasintha khungu lawo - molting. Pachaka chachitatu cha moyo, njoka zimakula ndipo zimatha kubereka.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 28 mu clutch.

Adani achilengedwe a agalu opondera

Steppe viper m'dera la Orenburg

Mapondowa ndi odzala ndi zilombo, ndipo njoka zimawopsezedwanso ndi zoopsa zambiri, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zimachitika munthu.

Adani ambiri a agulugufe ndi awa:

• Zikhozi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawombera njoka pakufufuza usiku. Mbalame zimagwiritsa njoka mosavutikira, kuthamangira pansi kuchokera kumtunda waukulu, kotero imfa imachitika nthawi yomweyo,
• chiwombankhanga chambiri - nthawi zambiri zimasaka njoka chifukwa chosowa chakudya china,
• looney
• agulugufe akuda omwe amasamukira kumagawo awa nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe,
• ma hedgehogs amawukira ana aang'ono ndi kufooketsa njoka zazing'ono,
• nkhandwe,
• nkhumba zamtchire
• zikwangwani
• steppe achisoni.

Ngakhale njokayo imamera mwachangu pamalo otseguka, imachedwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe amadana nayo ambiri. Mukakumana ndi zoopsa, chinthu choyamba chimachita njoka ndikuchokerapo, kuyesera kubisala mu mlengalenga kapena kupeza mwala kapena dzenje. Amayenda, akuyenda mwamphamvu mu mawonekedwe a S.

Njoka ikatha kuthawa, imatembenukira kwa mdaniyo ndikukhota. Mdani akafika pafupi mokwanira, amaponyera kutsogolo kwake. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zoweta zimaphunzitsidwa kusaka njoka, motero njoka imasowa. Pali nthawi zina zomwe, kuluma nyama yolusa, zimamupeza kuti adye, koma amwalira posachedwa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Steppe viper m'dera la Volgograd

M'zaka za zana la 20, njoka idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze poizoni, koma tsopano mchitidwewu waletsedwa chifukwa cha kufa kwakukulu kwa anthu pambuyo pa njirazi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa njoka zambewu kwatsika kwambiri, koma pakadali pano njoka sizatsala pang'ono kutha. Izi ndichifukwa cha anthropogenic factor: kukhazikitsa malo kwa mbewu kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa njoka izi.

Kupatula kumadera ena, njokayo imathetsedwa ku Ukraine chifukwa cholima malo. Ku Europe, njoka za steppe zimatetezedwa ndi msonkhano wa Berne Convention monga mtundu womwe uli pangozi.

Ku Europe, njoka imatha chifukwa chosintha kwanyengo, zomwe zimakhalanso zochita za anthu.

Osati kale kwambiri, steppe viper inali mu Red Book of Ukraine, koma anthu adabwezeretsedwa kumadera akumwera.

M'madera momwe steppe nyoka ili ponseponse, chiwerengero cha anthu pa kilomita imodzi chingafikire 15-20. Chiwerengero cha njoka mdziko lapansi ndizovuta kutchula, koma steppe viper Sikuwopsezedwa ndikufalikira ndipo imafalitsa bwino mayiko aku Europe.

Kodi pali ma jellyfish ambiri pagombe la Yeysk?

Titha kukuwuzani momwe zinthu ziliri mu zaluso. Dolzhanskaya, yomwe ili pamtunda wa 50 km kuchokera ku Yeysk, tili ndi ma jellyfish ochepa, ndipo ndi ang'ono, omwe saluma. Tilibe zochitika pomwe nyanja ili ngati zakudya kuchokera ku jellyfish kapena kufalikira kwa algae. Nthawi zambiri ma jellyfish amapezeka mu Ogasiti. Nthawi zina nsomba zikuluzikulu zakuda zimakhomeredwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma zimafa, chifukwa zimakutidwa ndimadzi kuchokera kumathanki odutsa zombo.

Kodi zikufalikira liti m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk?

Mchigawo cha Chelyabinsk, kupangika kwa nsomba zamalonda komanso kuletsa kusodza kumayamba

kuyambira Epulo 25 mpaka Juni 5 - m'malo osungirako za Utatu ndi South Ural, Lake Ulagach,

kuyambira Meyi 5 mpaka Juni 15 - m'madzi ena a nsomba ofunika kwambiri m'derali,

chaka chonse - mumtsinje wa Techa ndi misonkho yonse komanso matupi amadzi osefukira,

b) kuyambira Novembala 1 mpaka Disembala 10 - mitundu ya whitefish m'madzi a Turgoyak, Uvildy, Big Kisegach.

Yankho labwino 1

Ngati China itatenga Siberia, chidzachitike ndi chiyani kwa anthu omwe akukhala ku Siberia?

Ndinkakhala kuderalo (ndili ndi abale kumeneko) ndiyesa kunena kanthu. Mukutsimikiza kuti China "itenga" Siberia. Pali malingaliro awiri apa.Mukutsimikiza kuti sanamuyankhe kale? chifukwa tsopano zikuchitika mophweka komanso mopanda kunyoza kwapadziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, Mr. Chubais adalanda gawo la 100 sq km kwa zaka 50K. kampani "*"". Ndipo aliyense ndiwosangalala. (ndipo ndikudziwa kuti izi zikuchitika ndipo zikuchitika pakali pano. Cubais ndi 50K ndizomwe ndimaganizira.) Chachiwiri, China SIYENERA kuchichotsa. Uwu ndiudindo waukulu. Utha kungogwiritsa ntchito. ndipo mukulipirira zomwe zikuchitika tsopano. Kodi mukutsimikiza kuti Siberia tsopano ndi gawo la Russia?