Redstart ndi mbalame yachilendo kwambiri komanso yokongola yaying'ono, yomwe ndi ya Passeriformes. Si mitundu yonse ya mbalameyi yomwe imapezeka ku Russia; ambiri omwe amatchedwa subspecies samawulukira m'maiko athu.

Mbalame zomwe zimatchulidwa kwambiri komanso zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri pamtunduwu zimatha kudziwika ngati redstart (coot, dimba), chernushka ndi Siberian redstart.

Kutalika kwa thupi lake lonse kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo mapikowo ndi masentimita 24. Mbalameyo imalemera magalamu 20-25.

Kodi kubwezeretsa kumakhala kuti?

Mutha kukumana ndi mbalamezi m'maiko ambiri, koma ambiri amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, pafupifupi gawo lonse la Europe, ku China, India, ndi Russia.

Nthawi zambiri redstart imakhala m'madera omwe amapezeka mapiri, komabe, imakhalanso m'nkhalango, makamaka m'nkhalango za paini. Nkhalango wamba zopangidwa ndi zambiri zaluso ndi zitsamba zam'madzi ndizoyenereranso kukhazikitsa mbalamezi.

Kudera lathu, kubwezeretsa m'munda kumatha kupezeka m'mapaki, m'minda, m'minda yamasamba: chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pali mitengo yambiri yopanda zipatso yomwe ikukula mozungulira.

M'nyengo yozizira, redstart imawulukira kum'mwera kwa zilumba za Arabian ndikupita ku Africa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbalamezi. Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu uliwonse wa mbalamezi ndi mtundu wa nthenga zoyamba, zomwe ndizowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino kuposa mbalame zina.

Choyambiriracho chimakhala ndi mchira wofiira wowoneka bwino, ndipo nthenga zina zonsezo zimapakidwa zakuda, zoyera komanso zachitsulo. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu waimuna umakhala wowala kwambiri kuposa makulidwe aakazi.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi yozizira, nsonga zachimuna za nthenga zimayamba kuyera pang'ono. Redstart ndi mbalame zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri: sizimangokhala phee, koma nthawi zonse zimawuluka, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu.

Kodi mbalameyi imadya chiyani?

Mbalame zotere zimadyera mbozi zokwawa komanso zowuluka: ntchentche, mbozi, udzudzu, ziphuphu za agulugufe, ndi akangaude ndi nkhono zazing'ono zimatha kutchulidwa kuti zimadya. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mbalame zazing'onozi zimangodya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timasaka zipatso zamtundu uliwonse zazing'ono zomwe zimamera pamitengo ndi zitsamba.

Njira yopezera ndikudya chakudya ndizosangalatsa, redstart sikuti imadya tizilombo: choyamba, mbalameyo ikagwira nyama, kenako imapita kumalo komwe kulibe ngozi. Chikumbu chachikulu chimakankhidwa ndi redstart ndi mulomo wake, kapena kuti chimagwera pansi molimba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kwa ziwala kapena tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, timayamwa timiyendo tawo.

Asanabweretse chakudya chawo kwa anapiye, ndiye kuti amalumikizanso ndi kudula kachilomboka ndikang'amba zipatso, ndipo zitatha izi amatumiza "puree" iyi pamlomo wa ana awo.

Moyo ndi gawo logawidwa

Kuthengo, redstart imakhala m'nkhalango, zomwe sizimakhala zambiri m'malo opezeka nkhalango, ku Europe ndi Asia. Ndiponso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa "kontinenti yakuda". M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera omwe kumatentha kwambiri, komwe nthumwi za mbalamezi ndizofala. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambiranso kwa Siberian pamalo obiriwira kumapita ku Japan.

Mbalame zimabweranso masika chakudya chikakwanira m'malo omwe amakhala. Amakonzekereranso nthambi za mitengo ndikupatsa ena kuimba kwawo, komwe kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyera ndi nyimbo. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala chete usiku, motero zimakondwera chifukwa cha kutentha kuyambira Epulo mpaka pakati pa Julayi.

Momwe ma redstart amapangidwira

Nthawi zambiri, redstart amamanga zisa zawo m'maenje a mitengo yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zisa zawo zitha kumangidwa pansi pa denga la nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala kapena nyumba yopangidwa ndi nkhuni (nkhuni).

Zomwe zimachitika pomanga zisa pamizu ya mitengo sizachilendo: ndikothekera kokwanira kukonza komwe mbowo izakulungidwira. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu, nthambi, mbewa, nthawi zina amapezeka ulusi, zingwe, ubweya wa thonje umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Wamphongo amaonetsetsa kuti mbalame zina sizikhazikika pachisa chatsopano, amathandizanso kuyeretsa nyumba yotchedwa anapiye momwemo - anapiye (tsiku lililonse amachotsa chilichonse chosafunikira mulomo).

Mbalame imayamba kuyikira mazira kumapeto kwa Meyi, mu clutch imodzi pali mazira 6-8 a mtundu wabuluu. Kudula matendawa kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kenako anapiyewo akamaberekanso chisa masiku ena 15.

Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimadyetsa ana awo: amabweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye awo mpaka 500 patsiku. Makolo amayenda ndi anapiyewo mpaka atayamba kuwuluka molimba mtima ndikupeza chakudya chawo.

Zolemba ndi Zakudya

Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi, lofanana ndi malilime amoto, nthawi zambiri sikhala kupitirira 150 mm. Kuchuluka kwake kulinso kocheperako - 19 g kokha ndi kukula kotero, kuyang'ana poyambiranso ndi ntchito yosavuta. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono 'timatulutsa' nthenga zofiira kwambiri za nthenga pamimba ndi mchira womwewo. Mutu wawo ndi kumbuyo kwawo ndi imvi.

Kubwezeretsa kwamphongo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono komanso zowonda, zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a manambala. Yaikazi imakhala ndi mchenga wonyezimira wa nthenga.

Zakudya za redstart zimaphatikizapo:

· Ndipo monga chakudya - zipatso.

Ptahs amagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Akakhala panthambi kapena phata, amapinda mchira wawo. Atazindikira kuti ali ndi kachilombo, amawuma kwa kanthawi kochepa, kenako nkukanyamula nyama yawo. Mlomo wawo umasinthidwa kuti ugwire nsikidzi ndi midges pa ntchentche.

Kuti atsatire tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokwawa pansi, amasankha malo okwera: m'tchire - miyala kapena nthambi zamitengo, pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu - ma cornices kapena poyambira nyumba.

Luso la mbalame

Ubwino waukulu wa kuyambitsanso ndi kuyimba kwake, komwe kumagawika zigawo zitatu: kuyambitsa, chimake ndi chimaliziro.

Ngati mungayang'anire momwe amaimbira, mutha kuwona kuti nthawi zambiri kuyambiranso kumakhala ngati kutsutsana ndi kuimba kwa mbalame zina.

Mbalame zimayimba pafupifupi nthawi yonse, zimapuma nthawi yausiku okha, kwenikweni kwa maola ochepa. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, amayamba kupanga mawu amatsenga a nyimbo yawo yokongola, kupukutira mchira wawo mwachangu.

Pofika m'bandakucha, poyambiranso kuyimba, mtundu wa maula amawalira makamaka kuchokera kukuwala kwa dzuwa, motero malowedwewo adalipeza dzina, chifukwa kuchokera kuphatikiza mchira wa lalanje ndi kuwala kwake, zitha kuwoneka kuti nthenga zanthete zimangowoneka ndikuwala.

Nthawi zambiri amuna amayimba, amatha kuimba pafupifupi 500 nyimbo tsiku limodzi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Redstart kwa anthu

Mbalameyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kumunda komanso kukulira mbewu, popeza mbalameyo siidya masamba obiriwira, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame.

Anthu amasangalala mbalamezi ikakhala pansi pafupi ndi kanyumba kanyumba kapenanso dimba, chifukwa imawononga tizilombo tomwe titha kuvulaza mawonekedwe abwino (izi zimaphatikizapo nsikidzi, kafadala, udzudzu ndi tizilombo tomwe timadya masamba).

Ara parrot

Zosangalatsa komanso zachilendo mwa mbalameyi

• Kuwona pa kalilore chiwonetsero cha thupi lake, wofiyira amatha kumuthamangitsa pomukantha,
• Akazi amakonda kugwira tizilombo padziko lapansi, pomwe yamphaka imagwira tizilombo nkuthawa.
• Redstart can nestlings of mbalame zina (mwachitsanzo, tinthu ting'onoting'ono) pamodzi ndi zathu: adyetseni, aphunzitseni kudya ndi kuwuluka.

Redstart ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zodziwika bwino, mtundu wake sungasokonezeke ndi mtundu wina wa mbalame!

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Redstart ikhoza kuzindikiridwa mosavuta, iyo mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mchira wofiyira. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi redstart ndi mtundu wa mchira ndi m'mimba; ndi ofiira ofiira, kumbuyo ndi imvi. Ngakhale izi, zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira. Paulendo wothawa kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, redstart imakhotetsa mchira wake, womwe umawoneka ngati moto wowala padzuwa, kenako nkuwunduka. Woyambitsanso dzina adatchulidwa chifukwa cha utoto wokhazikika wa mchira wake, zikuwoneka kuti "ukuyaka" (mchira ukuyaka).

Pakati pa redstart, pali mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imaphatikizapo redstart (yofala), yokonzedwanso, Sibertan redstart, red-beled redartart, redotetrot, munda redstart. Nthawi yomweyo, onsewa amasiyana mgulu lofooka, mulomo wowoneka ngati awl wokhala ndi kakang'ono kumapeto, miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala.

Kuyambiranso

Redstart redstart kapena redstart blackstart nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Europe ndi Central Asia. Amachepera mpheta komanso kulemera magalamu 14-19. Wamphongo amakhala ndi gawo lamtundu wakuda bii, pamphumi, tchuthi, masaya, khosi ndi tsekwe zakuda, mchirawo utapakidwa utoto wachikasu ndi lalanje. Nthawi yomweyo, wamkazi amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wonyezimira, kupatulapo chovala chofiyira ndi chofiyira chofiyira.

Mbalame zotere zimakhala kumapiri:

• miyala yamiyala
• m'mphepete mwa miyala
• m'malo otsetsereka okhala ndi timiyala tambiri

Amapezekanso m'malo omwe amakhala, komwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo opanga ndi zomanga, malo otseguka okhala ndi nyumba zophatikizana ndi mipope ya fakitale kapena nyumba zamatchalitchi. Redstartts yakuda imasungidwa yokha komanso awiriawiri.

Ku Ukraine, mtundu wokhotakhota wakuda umayesedwa ngati chisa, mitundu yosamukira ya mbalame yomwe imapezeka m'dziko lonselo.

Nyimboyi ndi yakale kwambiri komanso yamwano ndi zinthu zolaula, ngati chitofu. Poyamba, kumveka mawu okuluwika pang'ono, omwe amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pambuyo pake amapanga thonje lalitali kwambiri. Mukuyambiranso, nyimboyo ikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo mzere.

Grey-mutu kapena Common Redstart

Imvi kapena mtundu wofiyira wamba ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zokongola. Komabe, wamwamuna yekha ndi amene angadzitamande ndi nthenga zokongola za penti, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa akazi ndi kosauka. Mtundu wake ndi wodera, koma mchira wake ndi wofiyira. Amuna, maula amsana ndi phulusa, chifuwa, m'mimba, mmbali ndi mchira adazijambula utoto wofiyira, koma kummero kwake ndi masaya ake ndi zakuda. Komanso nthawi zina wamphongo amakhala ndi mphumi yoyera.

Redstart wamba amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, Eurasia komanso ku Russia.

Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakunja, kubwezeretsanso komwekonso kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyimba kwanyimbo. Poyambirira, kupukusa kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kwamphamvu, koma pakapita nthawi, ma trill frequency amachepa.

Kubwezeretsa m'munda

Redstart yamaluwa amakonda kupangira zisa pa mitengo, yomwe ili m'minda yazipatso zakale, m'mapaki. Nthawi yomweyo, amakonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Zoyala zam'munda zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zazitali zosakanizika, m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, momwe nthawi zonse mumakhala zitsamba zowirira.

Mbendera yam'muna yachimuna imakhala ndi thupi lakumaso la imvi, pakhosi lakuda, mbali ndi pamphumi. Kuphatikiza apo, kumtunda kwa mutu komanso pakati pa thupi lakumbuyo kumakhala ndi mtundu woyera. Chifuwa, mbali ndi mchira wowala dzimbiri. Mosiyana ndi amuna, akazi amapaka utoto wakuda, koma mbali yakumbuyo ya imvi. Komanso pa nthenga za imvi za thupi lakumunsi kumakhala zingwe zachikasu.

Kuyimba kwa bwaloli m'munda kumakhala kogwirizana komanso kolemera. Poimba pali nyimbo zosimba ndi zodekha. Ngakhale izi, kuyambitsanso ndi nthabwala yabwino komanso yopanda manyazi, chifukwa chake imamasulira nyimbo za anthu ena.

Kubwezeretsanso

Redstart-coot - mbalame yaying'ono yochepera pamapazi oonda. Izi ndi mbalame zoyenda kwambiri, motero zimouluka m'malo osiyanasiyana tsiku lonse, zikumangiriza mchira wawo wokongola.

Kuyimba m'miyala yatsopano ndikusiyana ndi enawo. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi kakang'ono, kakang'ono kamphuno, kamayamba ndi mawu owonjezera ndikumaliza ndikulimbikitsa kosiyana kwambiri ndi mkati mwa nyimbo.

Redstart yaku Siberian

Redstart ya ku Siberia imapezeka m'nkhalango zowala, zitsamba, minda, ndipo ngakhale midzi ina kumwera kwa Siberia, Amur ndi Foreye. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa zimakonzedwa m'maenje, miyala yosweka, mulu wamiyala kapena pansi pa denga la nyumba.

Mu Redstart yachimuna ya ku Siberia, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi kumakhala imvi lowoneka bwino, mbali za mutu, kummero, kumbuyo ndi mapiko zakuda, koma pali mapiko oyera pamapiko. Mimba ndi mchira wake zili zofiira kwambiri. Chachikazi chimafanana ndi redstart wamba wamkazi. Mafuta ake ndi a bulauni, koma mchira, ngati waimuna, ndi wofiyira. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi malo oyera pamapiko.

Redstart wokhala ndi ma red

Redstart-Red-beled Redstart ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi Siberian Redstart, koma ikuluikulu komanso yowala. Wamphongo amakhala ndi chifuwa chofiira kwambiri, koma chachikazi chimakhala ndi chifuwa komanso malo oyera kumapiko.

Amakhala m'malo okwera a Central Caucasus ndi Southern Siberia, koma nyengo yotentha imakhala m'mapiri otsika - m'nkhalangozi za msondodzi wamadzi.

Kufalitsa

Redstart ndi mbalame zamitundu yonse ku Europe, motero malo ake ndizosiyanasiyana. Imapezeka ku Europe, ambiri aku Western ndi Central Siberia ndi Western Asia. Kwambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za paini. Komabe, malo akuluakulu okhalamo zodyera adakali m'mbali mwa nkhalango, zitsa za mitengo, minda yakale, minda ndi mapaki. Kuphatikiza apo, redstart amakonda kukhala zisa m'misasa, momwe zisa zimayikidwa bwino. Zomera zimakhazikika m'maenje, pamiyala yayikulu ya mitengo, m'nkhalango zowirira ndi chitsa.

Kuswana

Mukuyambiranso, ma clutch samapitilira mazira 6-7, omwe amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Kukulitsa mazira kumachitika kokha ndi wamkazi. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri obiriwira, anapiye amabadwa, pambuyo pake milungu ina iwiri, makolo onse awiri amabweretsa chakudya anapiye. Matchuthi amayamba kuwuluka patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera ku mawonekedwe. Chingwe chimasiya zisa zitakula ndikuphunzira kuuluka, koma kumayendayenda pachidacho. Kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala pafupi ndi dziwe komanso tchire. Chochititsa chidwi ndi redstart ndikuti nthawi yachilimwe ena awiriawiri amagona.

Nesting

Tizilombo timakhala m'malo otsekeka komanso osavomerezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa zimamangidwa mosasamala komanso zimakhala ndi kapu. Kupanga poyambiranso, masamba osiyanasiyana owuma a herbaceous, ulusi wamatamba womwe umakhala ndi masamba osakanikirana, masamba ndi zidutswa za khungwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, zinyalala zimakhazikitsidwa mchisa, zomwe zimakhala ndi ubweya, nthenga ndi zidutswa zamasamba. Kutalika kwa chisa chotere ndi kocheperako: mainchesi - 110 mm, kutalika - 90 mm, mainchesi mainchesi pafupifupi 90 mm, thireyi lakuya 40-70 mm.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri mumakhala nyumba zapadera zopangidwanso mwatsopano zopangidwa ndi manja a anthu. Komabe, nyumbayo iyenera kupangidwa yokha mwapamwamba komanso yoyenera mbalame pazinthu. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa osowa - bolodi kapena lodutsa, pomwe makulidwe ake ali 2-2.5. Nthawi yomweyo, bolodi liyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera kunja kwa nyumba.

Nyumbayo ndiyabwino kuchita kukula koyenera:

• kutalika - 20-25 cm
• pansi - 12 mpaka 12
• mkatikati mwa pansi ndi 15-20 sq.cm
• m'mimba mwake - 3-4 cm
• mtunda kuchokera pansi pa notch mpaka pansi - 10-12 cm
• kuchokera pamwamba pa notch mpaka kudenga - 4-5 cm

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti redstart sikuti alibe chidwi ndi nyumba za rhombic, kotero mutha kuziyika pakona. Kuphatikiza apo, m'chilimwe nyumba imayendetsedwa kumadzulo kapena kumwera, chinthu chachikulu sichikumana ndi mphepo.

Redstart amasungidwanso kunyumba. Amakhala bwino m'maselo. Komabe, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe kangapo mu khola limodzi nthawi imodzi, chifukwa amamenya, nthawi zambiri asanafe.

Zomwe zimadya

Redstart / Phoenicurus phoenicurus / Redstart

Woyambiranso kudya amangodya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono - ntchentche, udzudzu, nsikidzi, mbozi, akangaude. Komanso, sasamala kudya zipatso - currants, maulosi okalamba ndi rasipiberi. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, redstart samvera zipatso ndi mbewu. Ngati mungasungire poyambiranso panyumba, ndiye kuti ndibwino kudyetsa chakudya chamoyo komanso chamoyo chokhazikika kwa mbalame zotetezeka (Padovan).

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Kulongosola koyambirira kwa kubwezeretsedwako kunapangidwa ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe waku Sweden C. Linney mu 1758 mu kusindikiza Systema Naturae pansi pa dzina la binomial Motacilla phoenicurus. Zina la genus Phoenicurus adasankhidwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku England Tomos Forster mu 1817. Mtundu ndi dzina la mitundu ya phoenicurus zimachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek achi Greek akuti phoinix "ofiira" ndi -ouros - "wodetsedwa".

Chosangalatsa: Redstart ndi oimira banja la a Muscicapidae, omwe akuwonetsedwa moyenera ndi etymology ya dzina lasayansi, wobadwa chifukwa chophatikizidwa kwa mawu achi Latin akuti "musca" = kuuluka ndi "capere" = kugwira.

Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa redstart wamba ndiye wofiira kubadwa, ngakhale kusankha mtundu kumapereka kusatsimikizika pamenepa. Akuluakulu ake ayenera kuti anali oyambiranso kufalitsa ku Europe. Amakhulupirira kuti adachoka pagulu la omwe adayambiranso zaka pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zapitazo kumapeto kwa Pliocene.

Kanema: Redstart

Mwabwinobwino, redstart wamba komanso yakuda idakali yogwirizana ndipo imatha kupanga ma hybrids omwe amawoneka athanzi komanso odala. Komabe, magulu awiriwa a mbalame amasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe osiyana ndi momwe chilengedwe chimafunira, choncho ma hybrids ndi osowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Redstart inakhala mbalame pachaka ku Russia mu 2015.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Redstart

Kubwezeretsanso ndikufanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ndi zoryanka. Ali ndi kutalika kofanana ndi thupi kwa masentimita 13 mpaka 14,5, koma owonda pang'ono ndi kulemera pang'ono 11-23 g. Utoto wa mchira wofiira, womwe mutuwo umapezekanso dzina, nthawi zambiri umasiyanasiyana mitundu. Pakati pa mbalame wamba zaku Europe, ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda (P. ochrurus) womwe umakhala mchira wa mtundu womwewo.

Wamphongo ndiye wosiyanitsa mitundu. M'nyengo yotentha, imakhala ndi mutu waimvi ndi gawo lakumapeto, kupatula mtunduwu ndi mchira, womwe, monga mbali, ma underwings, ndi axillaries, ndi mtundu wa lalanje-chestnut. Mphumi ndi loyera, nkhope mbali ndi khosi ndimaso. Mapiko ndi nthenga ziwiri zamkati zachikuda ndi zofiirira, nthenga zotsala zachitsulo zimakhala zofiirira zowala ngati lalanje. Maluwa a lalanje kumbali amatembenukira pafupifupi oyera pamimba. Mlomo ndi miyendo yakuda. Mukugwa, nthenga zopyapyala zimabisala m'mbali mwa thupilo, kupatsa mawonekedwe.

Akazi amapaka utoto mochenjera. Pamwamba pake ndi bulauni. Kunja kwa thupi kumakhala kofiyira pang'ono ndi chifuwa chowoneka ngati lalanje, nthawi zina champhamvu, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi imvi mpaka chidefu chakuda ndi m'khosi. Pansi mbali yosiyanitsa bwino ndi mandimu. Mapikowo ndi a bulauni, monga amphongo, gawo lakumaso limakhala lofiirira. Mtundu, umakhala wopanda wakuda komanso wotsetsereka, ndipo khosi lake limakhala loyera. Ndi zaka, zazikazi zimatha kuyandikira mtundu wa zazimuna ndikusiyana kwambiri.

Kodi kubwezeretsa kumakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Redstart ku Russia

Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yakumadzulo ndi yapakati pano kwa Palearctic kumapezeka mu malo otentha a Eurasia, kuphatikizaponso dera la boreal, la Mediterranean ndi la steppe. Kum'mwera kwa malo okhala chisa kumangidwa ndi mapiri. Kumpoto kwa Iberian Peninsula, redstart sichofala, makamaka kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwake. Pali milandu yobalalika ya mbalamezi kumpoto kwa Africa.

Ku zilumba zaku Britain, izi zimachitika kum'mawa kwenikweni kwa Ireland ndipo sizikupezeka ku Scottish Islands. Kulowera chakum'mawa, gawoli limafikira ku Siberia kupita ku Lake Baikal. Magulu ena ang'onoang'ono amatha kupezeka kum'mawa kwake. Kumpoto, mtunduwo umafikira ku Scandinavia mpaka 71 ° kumpoto, kuphatikiza Kola Peninsula, kenako kummawa kwa Yenisei ku Russia. ku Italy, mitunduyi ilibe ku Sardinia ndi Corsica. Ma Habitats amamwazika padera la Balkan Peninsula ndikufika kumpoto kwa Greece.

Chochititsa chidwi: Amayambiranso zisa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yakuda komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Caucasus komanso pafupifupi 50 ° N kudutsa ku Kazakhstan kupita kumapiri a Saur ndikupitabe kum'mawa mpaka ku Altai. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsaku kumayambira ku Crimea komanso kum'mawa kwa Turkey mpaka ku Caucasus komanso mapiri a Kopetdag ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran mpaka Pamirs, kumwera mpaka kumapiri a Zagros. Nyumba zazing'ono ku Syria.

Redstart wamba amakonda nkhalango zokhwima zomwe zili ndi mitsitsi ndi mitengo yayikulu, kuyambira pomwe malo abwino okhala ndi zitsamba zochepa komanso malo otsetsereka amatseguka, makamaka pomwe mitengoyo ndi yachikale kuti ikhale ndi mabowo oyenera nesting. Amakonda kukhala chisa pamphepete mwa nkhalangoyi.

Ku Europe, amaphatikizanso mapaki ndi minda yakale yamatawuni. Zimakhala m'malo obzala mwachilengedwe, mitengo yakufa kapena masamba omwe ali ndi nthambi zofunikira pamtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nkhalango zakale zotseguka, makamaka kumpoto kwa malo osungira.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Male Redstart

Redstart nthawi zambiri imakhala pamtunda wotsika wa mitengo kapena tating'ono tating'ono ndikuchita mayendedwe osangalatsa amanjenje. Kuti apeze chakudya, mbalameyi imangopita pansi kapena kugwira tizirombo tikamauluka mlengalenga. Nyengo zapakati pa Africa ndi Arabia, kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, koma kumpoto kwa equator komanso kuchokera kum'mawa kwa Senegal kupita ku Yemen. Mbalame zimasamukira kumadera omwe ali pafupi ndi nyengo ya savannah. Osamukira nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ku Sahara kapena Western Europe.

Chochititsa chidwi: Kummwera chakum'mawa kumakhala kotentha kum'mwera kwa malo osungirako, makamaka kum'mwera kwa Chigawo cha Arabian, ku Ethiopia ndi Sudan kum'mawa kwa Nile. Redstart imachoka m'mawa nthawi yachisanu. Kusamukira kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa Julayi ndikutha kwinakwake kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Nthawi yayikulu yonyamuka ili mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Mbalame zam'mbuyo zimatha kupezeka mpaka Okutobala, osowa kwambiri mu Novembala.

M'malo oswana, mbalame zoyambirira zimafika kumapeto kwa Marichi, nthawi yayikulu yakufika ndiyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Kusunthira kosunthira kwadongosolo kumadalira chakudya chomwe chilipo. Mu nthawi yozizira, zochuluka za chakudya zimapangidwa ndi zipatso. Atafika, amunawo amayimba pafupifupi tsiku lonse, nyimbo yawo yokha siyimaliza. Mu Julayi, kuyambiranso sikumvekanso.

Kukhetsa kumachitika mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Redstart si mbalame zosangalatsa, chifukwa nthawi yakubzala, nthawi zambiri amakhala okha akamafunafuna chakudya. M'malo mongodziunjikira nyama, mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamakhala mbalame zochepa, koma pamenepo mtunda pakati pawo umakhalabe.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Yambitsaninso zisa m'mapanga kapena zipsinjo chilichonse m'mitengo, zisa za kuni. Mkati sikuyenera kukhala mumdima kwathunthu, uyenera kuyatsidwa ndi kuwala kofooka, monga khomo lalikulu kapena dzenje lachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umafalikira m'mapanga abata, monga miyala yamiyala, m'makhoma a mpanda. Nthawi zambiri zisa zimakhala m'nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu. Zisa zambiri zimapezeka kutalika kwa mita imodzi mpaka isanu. Ngati zomangazi zayikidwa pansi, ndiye kuti zizikhala pamalo otetezedwa.

Redstart amatsatira njira yodziwitsa za kubereka. Amphongo amafika pang'ono pobisalira kumalo osungira ndipo amapita kokafunafuna malo abwino opangira zisa. Chisankho chomaliza chimapangidwa ndi mkazi. Chisa chimamangidwa pafupifupi ndi chachikazi, chomwe chimatenga masiku 1.5 mpaka 8. Kukula nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala patsekeke.

Udzu, udzu, mbewa, masamba, kapena singano za paini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyala malo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala timalingaliro tating'ono ta zina, zopangira ma coarser, monga khungwa, nthambi zazing'ono, lichens kapena msondodzi. M'lifupi mwake nyumbayo ndi yochokera pa 60 mpaka 65 mm, kuya ndikuyambira pa 25 mpaka 48 mm. Mkati mumakhala zofanana zofanana ndi maziko, koma ndizowonda kwambiri ndipo zimayikidwa molondola. Imakutidwa ndi nthenga, moss, tsitsi la nyama, kapena china chofananira.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Ngati ana atayika, pakhoza kubwezeretsedwanso mochedwa kwa ana. Kuyamba koyamba kwa oviposition ndiko kutha kwa Epulo / Meyi, Meyi, oviposition yomaliza idawonedwa theka loyamba la Julayi.

Clutch imakhala ndi 3-9, nthawi zambiri mazira 6 kapena 7. Mazira ndi chowulungika, okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira pang'ono wamtambo pang'ono wonyezimira. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 12 mpaka 14 ndipo imayamba patangotha ​​dzira lomaliza. Kumenyera anapiye amatha nthawi yoposa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo masiku 14, mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kuwuluka. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasamukira mofulumira kumadera achisanu komwe zimakhala. Amakhala okhwima pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Adani achilengedwe a Redstart

Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Redstart

Chizolowezi cha kubwezeretsanso kubisala, chimamuthandiza kupulumuka mkati mwa malo. Zochita zake zonse zimawonetsa kusamala, kubisala komanso kusakhazikika, makamaka munthawi yakubereketsa, pomwe chidwi chake ndikuwonetsetsa. Mbalameyi imakhala kwa maola ambiri m'malo obisika pakati pamasamba a chitsamba yaying'ono kapena mumdima wathunthu, wokonzeka kudziteteza ikangoona ngoziyo.

Kuwonongeka kwa mazira ndi anapiye ndizochepa, chifukwa zisa ndizotetezedwa bwino komanso sizitha kufikiridwa ndi adani. Nthawi zina, kuyambira 90% ya mazira amakumana bwino, ndipo mpaka 95% ya anapiye otsekemera palokha amachoka mu chisa.

Kubaya mazira amakhudzidwa ndi:

• M'matawuni, zoposa gawo limodzi mwa zitatuzi zimakhudzana ndi kulowererapo kwa anthu.
• m'malo a mapiri, nthawi yozizira imachulukitsa kwambiri kufa kwa anapiye.
• kutayika kwina kumachitika chifukwa cha ectoparasites ndi cuckoo, omwe nthawi zonse amaikira mazira pachisa cha chimbudzi chakuda, makamaka m'chigawo cha mapiri.

Zinyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri mbalame zazikulu ndi Sparrowhawk ndi Barn Owl. Zotsirizazo zimalepheretsa kuyambiranso kupuma. Ng'ombe zimayikira mazira padenga, ndikuyambiranso pansi padenga. Zikuwopsa kuti redstart, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, monga ma buluu, mpheta kapena mitengo, kawirikawiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi magalimoto. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuyendetsa bwino kwa zinthu zoyendayenda, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa kuyambiranso ngati mlenje.

Kuphatikiza apo, adani a kuyambiranso ndi: mphaka, gologolo, magpie, chikondi, bambo. Pazokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mibadwo ya anthu, zowonera ndi zowonetseratu zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi theka la mbalame zogonana ndizachidziwikire. Ena 40% - kuyambira chimodzi mpaka zaka zitatu, pafupifupi 3 peresenti - wazaka zisanu kapena kupitirira. Zaka zodziwika zakale kwambiri za moyo wopanda ufulu ndi zaka khumi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Redstart ku Russia

Chiwerengero cha Redstart chatsika kwambiri kuyambira 1980s. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonongeka kwakhazikidwe m'malo oswana, zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zimasinthira kwambiri m'malo obetchera nkhuku ku Africa, monga kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo + komanso kufalikira koopsa kwa Sahel.

Chosangalatsa: Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Europe akuyerekezera pafupifupi anayi mpaka asanu ndi anayi a mitundu yobereka. Ngakhale malo ena akuchepa (England, France), kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa ofufuza ku Europe kudakulirakulira. Motere, nyamazo sizimagawidwa ngati zokhala pachiwopsezo ndipo palibe njira zodziwika zosungira.

Mtunduwu ungapindule ndi kuteteza nkhalango zakale, zachangu komanso zosakanikirana ndi mitengo yayikulu m'matauni. Pakadali pano, pamalo oyenera, anthu amapindula ndikupatsidwa malo odyera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusamalira minda yazikhalidwe ndi mitengo yayitali ndi malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Njirazi ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa kudzera mu ziwembu za agroecological. Kuphatikiza apo, madera ang'onoang'ono oyikirako dothi ayenera kutchetchera nthawi yonse yobereketsa kuti malo abwino azidyetsa.

Kubwezeretsanso ili ndi mtundu waukulu ndipo, monga chotulukapo, sichifika pamtundu wa mitundu yoperewera malinga ndi mtundu wa kukula kwake. Kuwonjezeka kowonekera kwa mbalamezi kudakhala kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II m'mizinda yowonongedwa. Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa anthu kunabwezedwa ndalama pambuyo pake chifukwa chakukula kwa madera omwe ali omangidwa komanso malo okhala.

"Mbalame yotuwa"

Common Redstart ndiye mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mbalamezi. Amatchedwanso redstart ya munda kapena imvi-mutu (coot). Amapezeka kudera lamatchire m'maiko a Eurasia, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyera kwambiri m'zakudya, koma nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira amayenera kudya zipatso za zobzala zakutchire kapena zolimidwa.

Zachikazi zimapezeka m'munsi m'munsi komanso kutalika kwake mpaka mita eyiti. Nthenga, masamba, nthambi zimagwira ngati zomangira. Malo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omanga mtsogolo amasankhidwa: kuchokera pa mphako zamtengo mpaka mitengo mkati mwa makhoma a nyumba za anthu.

Okhala ndi zofiira komanso Siberian

M'malo am'mapiri, ma red-red-beled ndi ofala. Amapezeka m'mapiri a Central Asia, Caucasus, Baikal. Ornithologists amaphatikizapo a Himalayas, Afghanistan, ndi China m'malo awo okhala. Mbalame za Alpine zimakhalanso ku Altai.

Iwo ali nalo dzina lawo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ofiira ofanana pamimba. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosiyanitsa ndi kusowa kwa kuyimba. Ngakhale kwa abambo nthawi yakukhwima, nthawi zambiri simumamva mawu osefukira. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango komanso m'mitsinje ya mitsinje, komwe kuli matchire ambiri monga zipatso zam'madzi, chifukwa izi ndiye zomwe amadya.

Kubwezeretsanso ku Siberia nkofala kwambiri m'nkhalango za Mongolia, China, ndi Russian Federation. Nthawi zambiri khalani pafupi ndi minda ndi nyumba za anthu. Amamanga zisa zawo kuchokera ku mahatchi ndi zitsamba m'miyala yamiyala, m'miyala yamiyala. Kapenanso, amaphimba malo oti adzaikire mazira pamizu ya mitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera omwe kumatentha kwambiri.

Mbalame yakuda

Chernushka redstart imasiyana ndi oimira ena amtunduwu omwe ali ndi maula akuda kwambiri. Mu korona za mtengo amatha kuwoneka ndi nthenga zowala za mchira. Kugawidwa ku Eurasia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, makamaka m'malo a mapiri.

Ndiwofanana mu mpheta zamnyumba, koma ndizochepa komanso zowoneka bwino. Pakuuluka kwawo, amatha kupachikika mlengalenga, zomwe ndi mbalame za hummingb zimafanana. Amadya tizilombo, mphutsi ndi zipatso.

Chisa cha mbalameyo chimawoneka ngati mbale yowaza kwambiri komanso thireyi lakuya. Akazi amamangira pamitengo yayitali komanso udzu wowuma. Kuti mumalize ntchito mkati, gwiritsani ntchito moss, lichens, nthenga, ndipo pansi ndizolocha ndi nthenga.

Zina zosangalatsa za "magetsi mapiko"

Akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe asonkhanitsa zambiri za mbalameyi. Nazi zinthu zochepa zazidziwitso.

Mbalame ya Twinkle inakhala ngwazi ya nkhani ndi nthano. M'modzi mwa iwo akuwuza momwe redstart idapulumutsira anthu ku njala ndi kuzizira.

Oimira ena amtundu wa Redstart wamba amatchedwa coot chifukwa cha khungu loyera la nthenga pamphumi. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yowala yam'mimba ndi mchira wake, zikuwoneka kuti mutu wa dazi ukugwera pamutu pa mbalameyo.

Mu 2015, redstart anali mbalame ya chaka ku Russian Federation, ndipo zaka zinayi m'mbuyomu ku Switzerland.

Redstart amawerengedwa moyenera ngati m'modzi mwa oimira chidwi kwambiri a Passerformes.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowoneka bwino ndi mchira wosuntha mu nthano, adakhala chizindikiro chaubwenzi ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Mbalame zimachotsa tizirombo ta mbewu zaulimi, zomwe zimathandiza alimi kuteteza mbewu.

Utithandiza kwambiri ngati mumagawana nkhani pagulu locheza komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.

Tumizani ku njira yathu.

Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.

Khalidwe, moyo

Redstart wamba amatanthauza mitundu yosamukira ya mbalame: imakhala nthawi yachilimwe ku Eurasia, ndipo imawulukira ku Africa kapena ku Peninsula ya Arabia nyengo yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri, kusunthika kwa nyundo kwa mtunduwu, kutengera gawo la malo omwe mbalamezi zimakhala, kumayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena theka zoyambilira za nyundo ndikugwa mozungulira pakati pa Ogasiti - kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Kubwereranso kwawo ku Epulo, kuwonjezera apo, amuna amafika masiku angapo kale kuposa akazi.

Mbalame zowala izi, zokhala m'maenje a mitengo, koma ngati sizingatheke, amamanga zisa m'malo ena achilengedwe: m'maenje ndi m'miyala ya mitengo ikuluikulu kapena pachitsa, komanso ngati mphanda m'nthambi za mitengo.

Ndizosangalatsa! Redstart ilibe chidwi ndi kutalika kwa chisa: mbalamezi zimatha kumanga zonsezo pansi komanso kumtunda kwa thunthu kapena nthambi za mtengo.

Nthawi zambiri, mayi m'modzi amakhala akugwira ntchito popanga chisa: amachipanga kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe pakati pake pali makungwa a mitengo, masamba oyuma a zitsamba zamasamba, masamba, ulusi wopota, singano ndi nthenga za mbalame.

Redstart amadziwika chifukwa cha kuyimba kwawo, komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyimbo, zofananira ndi phokoso zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, monga finch, starring, flycatcher.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Kufanizira zamtunduwu mumtunduwu kumanenedwa: Amuna amasiyana kwambiri ndi akazi mu mitundu. Zowonadi zake, ndikoyamika ndendende kwa amuna omwe ali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wamtambo wamtambo wonyezimira kuti mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina, popeza zazikazi zokhazikitsanso zojambula zimachita kupaka utoto: mu mithunzi yamtundu wa kuwala pang'ono komanso kulimba. Mitundu ina ya mtunduwu ndi yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yowala ngati yaimuna.

Ndizosangalatsa! Akazi sangadzitame chifukwa cha mtundu wowala: pamwamba amakhala wonyezimira, ndipo m'mimba mwawo ndi mchira wake ndiye owoneka bwino, ofiira ofiira.

Chifukwa chake, pakubwezeretsa kwachimuna, kumbuyo ndi kumutu kumakhala ndimtambo wakuda, m'mimba amapaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo mchirawo umakhala lalanje, lowala kwambiri, kwakuti kutali ndikuwoneka ngati ukuyaka ngati lawi. Kutsogolo kwa mbalameyo kumakongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera oyera, ndipo khosi ndi khosi m'mbali zimakhala zakuda. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanayi, ya Redstart yaimuna ili kutali kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mbalame sizili zazikulu.

Mitundu ya redstart

Pali mitundu 14 ya redstart:

• Alashan Redstart
• Kubwezeretsanso
• Grest-mutu wofiyira
• Kuyambiranso
• Redstart wamba
• Kuyambiranso
• Bomba loyera-loyera
• Redstart yaku Siberian
• Redstart-yoyera-yoyera
• Redstart wokhala ndi ma red
• Redstart wokhala ndi nkhope yamtambo
• Grey Redstart
• Luzon Water Redstart
• Redstart-Wopanda maonekedwe

Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, panali mitundu ina yomwe inatha kale, yomwe imakhala m'malo a Hungary amakono munthawi ya Pliocene.

Habitat, malo okhala

Dera lokhazikitsidwako limafalikira ku Europe ndipo, makamaka ku Russia. Imayambira ku Great Britain ndipo imapita njira yonse ku Transbaikalia ndi Yakutia. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Asia - makamaka ku China komanso kumapiri a Himalaya. Mitundu ina ya redstart imakhalanso kumwera - mpaka India ndi Philippines, ndipo mitundu ingapo imapezekanso ku Africa.

Malo obwezeretsanso ambiri amakonda kukhazikika kudera la nkhalango, ngakhale ndi nkhalango yotentha yopendekera kapena yodumphapo: wamba komanso yamapiri. Koma nkhonya zazikuluzikulu, mbalamezi sizimakonda ndikuzipewa. Nthawi zambiri, redstart imatha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda yosiyidwa ndi m'mapaki, komanso osagwera m'nkhalango, pomwe pali zitsa zambiri. Ndi komwe mbalame zazing'onozi zimakonda kukhala: zitatha izi, m'malo otere sizovuta kupeza malo obisalamo kuti zisafike pangozi, komanso zinthu zomangira chisa.

Chakudya chofiyira

Redstart ndi mbalame yosavulaza. Koma chakumapeto, nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zam'mera: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zamtchire kapena zam'munda, monga wamba kapena aronia, currants, vakuru.

Ndizosangalatsa! Choyambidwacho sichinyansanso tizilombo tina ndipo m'chilimwe chimawononga tizirombo tambiri, monga kafadala wa kachilomboka, kafadala, masamba agalu, mbozi zosiyanasiyana, mbozi ndi ntchentche. Komabe, tizilombo topindulitsa monga, mwachitsanzo, akangaude kapena nyerere amatha kuzunzidwa ndi mbalameyi.

Komabe, kuyambiranso kumabweretsa zabwino zambiri, ndikuwononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana. Mukakhala kundende, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa zonse tizilombo tamoyo komanso chakudya chapadera chotere.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Banja la Redstart limaphatikizapo mitundu 13 ya mbalame, zomwe zambiri zimakhala ku China, kumapiri a Himalayas, ku European Plain, makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Siberia, gawo laling'ono la Asia.

Redstart amatanthauza mbalame zamtunduwu, zomwe zimasankha malo okhala kapena malo okhala nkhalango, kapena mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambiransoYemwe dzina lake lachiwiri ndiotchiyo ndioyimira aliyense ku Europe. Ndipo nkhalango za Siberian za Siberi zimafikira kumpoto komwe amakhala kuyambiransoSiberia.

Redstart, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa dimba kapena kuyambiranso - mbalame mbalame yochokera kubanja la ntchentche, gulu la mpheta. Imatchedwa imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakhala m'mapaki athu, minda, mabwalo.

Kulemera kwa thupi la mbalame yocheperako sikumapitilira 20 g, kutalika kwa thupi lopanda mchira ndi 15 cm, mapiko omwe amafotokozedwa kwathunthu amafika masentimita 25. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwaso ndi mchira wake wokongola, womwe, popanda kukokomeza, umawoneka ngati "ukuyaka" padzuwa.

Mu chithunzi, redstart

Sikovuta kuzindikira kukongola koteroko ngakhale kuchokera kutali, ndipo izi, ngakhale kuti kukula kwa chithunzicho sikokulirapo kuposa mpheta. Ikuuluka kuchoka kunthambi kupita kunthambi, yofiyirako nthawi zambiri imawulula mchira wake, ndipo ngati kuti pakuwunika dzuwa, imayaka ndi lawi lowala.

Monga mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, yamphongo imayimira mitundu yayikulu yolimba. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiira ndi moto.

Yaikaziyo imapakidwa utoto wamtundu wa azitona ndimitundu yosakaniza ndi imvi, ndipo gawo lakumunsi ndi mchira wake ndi wofiyira. Zowona, si mitundu yonse ya redstart pamchira yomwe imakhala ndi madontho akuda. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa. redstart blackie ndi bwenzi lathu - Siberia.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa kwatsopano

Mwa njira, akatswiri a zamankhwala amatcha mtundu waukulu kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse yofotokozedwa ya redstart. red-bellies redstart. Wamphongo, mwachizolowezi, ndi wowoneka bwino kuposa wamkazi.

Ali ndi korona komanso chakumaso kwa mapiko oyera, kumbuyo, kumbuyo kwa thunthu, khosi limakhala lakuda, ndipo mchira, sternum, pamimba komanso gawo la ma plumage omwe amakhala pamwamba pa mchira amapakidwa utoto ndi kukokana ndi dzimbiri. Mu mitundu yamitunduyi, munthu amatha kuganizira bwino za kuchuluka kwamitundu yambiri.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Ngakhale mbalame ya ku Siberia imayimira nkhalango zamtchire, imapewa nkhalango zowirira. Kwambiri, mtunduwu umapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapaki osiyidwa ndi m'minda, m'malo ometera, pomwe pali zitsa zambiri. Monga mwachizolowezi, mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika m'maenje okumba pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.

Chithunzi Chithunzi cha Siberian

Kuyambiranso kuimba iyenera kuwunika bwino kwambiri. Zojambula zake ndimayimbidwe apakatikati, otsekemera, osiyanasiyana, omangidwa. Phokosoli limayamba ndi chil-chil chokwanira - ndipo "kenako nkumapita mu hilchir-chir-chir".

Mverani kuyimba kwa kuyambiranso

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakuyimba kwanyimbo, mutha kugwira zida zamitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, khutu loyengedwa limatha kumva nyimbo zosangalatsa za nyenyezi, zaryanka, pomwe ena adzazindikira kuti nyimboyi ikugwirizana ndi kuimba kwa tit, finch, ndi flycatcher yosokosera.

Redstart amakonda kuyimba nthawi zonse ndipo ngakhale usiku tayiga imadzaza ndi timiyala tofewa ta zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe. Zowonjezera pang'ono za nyimbo za Redstart: akatswiri a zamankhwala adawona kuti champhongo kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yakukhwima, atamaliza konsati yayikulu, amafalitsa mpukutu waufupi, womwe umatha kutchedwa kuti kolasi.

Chifukwa chake, nyimbozi ndi zomveka zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi mawu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame, ndipo wamkuluyo akamasewera, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyimboyo komanso amakhala waluso kwambiri.

Redstart Zakudya Zabwino

Zakudya zatsopano zimadalira malo. Amadyera makamaka ndi tizilombo. Samanyalanyaza mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, ndi kuwanyamula pansi, ndikuchotsa panthambi, ndi kupeza masamba agwa.

Ndi kuyambika kwa yophukira, zakudya za redstart zimadzala kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuluma zipatso zamtchire kapena zamaluwa, monga phulusa laphiri wamba, viburnum, currant, elderberry, aronia ndi ena.

Pomwe chakudya chimatha, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pakati pa nthawi yophukira, redstart imasonkhana nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha, makamaka m'maiko otentha ku Africa. Kuuluka kwa mbalame zamtunduwu kumachitika usiku.

Kubwezeretsanso kumalo kwawo ngakhale masamba asanatsegule. Mbalamezi zikangofika kumalo odyera, nthawi yomweyo yamphongo imayamba kufunafuna malo a chisa. Monga tanena kale, zisa za mbalame zimakhazikitsidwa m'maenje a mawonekedwe achilengedwe kapena owoneka.

Mabowo a Woodpecker ndi malo abwino kwambiri ogona, koma chitsa cha mtengo, chomwe chili ndi malo obisika pafupi ndi nthaka palokha, ndioyenera izi. Ma pichugs saopa kukhazikika pafupi ndi munthu, kotero zisa zawo zimatha kupezeka m'mafakitala, pazenera pazenera ndi malo ena obisika m'nyumba zomwe anthu amakhala.

Wamphongo, wamkazi asanafike, amatetezera mokwanira malo omwe wapeza ndikuthamangitsa alendo osafunsidwa ndi iye.