Chimodzi mwazinyama zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. tapir wakuda. Tapaipi ndi ma herbivores akulu ochokera ku artiodactyl. Amawoneka ngati nkhumba pakuwoneka, komabe, ali ndi thunthu ngati njovu. Pali nthano yokhudza ma tepi oti wopanga adalenga nyama izi kuchokera kuzinthu zotsalira za matupi a nyama zina, ndipo nthano iyi ili ndi chifukwa chabwino.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Black tapir
Chizindikiro cha Tapirus (Tapir tapir) ndi cha ufumu wa nyama, mtundu wa chordata, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa ndizofanana, banja la tapir, mtundu wa tapir, mtundu wa tapir wakuda. Matipi ndi nyama zakale zodabwitsa. Makolo oyamba a tapirs adakhala padziko lapansi zaka mamiliyoni makumi atatu zapitazo, komabe, makono amakono samasiyana ndi makolo awo. Isanafike nthawi ya ayezi, ma tepi amadziwika kuti amakhala ku Europe, North America ndi China.
Masiku ano pali mitundu itatu yokha yamapulogalamu otsala:
- Tapir wa ku Mexico (mtunduwu umakhala m'madera ochokera kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka ku Ecuador),
- Brazil (amakhala m'malo ochokera ku Paraguay kupita ku Colombia),
- Highland Tapir amakhala ku Colombia ndi Ecuador. Zojambula zam'mapiri zokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda.
Ma tapipa ali ngati nkhumba kapena kavalo. Miyendo ya Tapir ili ngati miyendo yamahatchi. Ziboda zamiyendo ndizamiyendo itatu pamiyendo yakumbuyo, ndi zinayi kumaso. Komanso pamiyendo pamakhala tirigu ngati kavalo. Mapaipi ali ndi thupi lalikulupo, mutu waching'ono pomwe pali thunthu losunthika. Nyama izi zimabadwa mtundu womwewo makolo awo amakhala: mithunzi yowala imadutsa kuchokera kumaso wakuda ndikutambalala kuchokera kumutu kupita kum mchira.
Tepi yakuda imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kumbuyo ndi mbali za malo owala kwambiri pa ubweya. Mu 1919, a Georges Cuvier, katswiri wotchuka wa paleontologist ananena kuti nyama zonse zazikulu zimapezeka ndi sayansi, komabe, patapita zaka zochepa adanenanso nyama yodabwitsa pantchito yake "Natural History" - tapira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Black tapir mwachilengedwe
Mtundu wakuda wa mtundu waukulu kwambiri pakati pa banja la a tapir. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 1.9 mpaka 2,5 metres. Kutalika kwa nyanjayo kufota kumachokera pa 0.8 mpaka 1 mita. Wachikulire amalemera kuchokera pa 245 mpaka 330 kg. Komabe, anthu amapezeka akulemera theka la toni. Mwakutero, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Ma shoni ochokera ku mitundu ina amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi malo oyera oyera kumbuyo komwe amathanso kummbali. Mtundu wa ubweya wa tapir ndi wakuda kapena wakuda.
Pali malire oyera atali kumapeto kwa makutu. Pobadwa, ana ake amakhala ndi mtundu wamizeremizere, ndipo pokhapokha miyezi 7 mtunduwo umasintha ndipo banga lalikulu loyera limapangidwa. Chovala cha nyama zamtunduwu ndizifupi. Khungu limakhala loyipa komanso lakuda. Pa nape ndi mutu, khungu limakhala lambiri wandiweyani, izi zimateteza tapir kuti isavulale.
Kodi wakuda tapir amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tapir ku Thailand
Kuthengo, ma tepi amakhala ku Southeast Asia, ndipo nyama zodabwitsazi zimapezekanso ku zigawo zapakati komanso kumwera kwa Thailand, ku Malaysia, Miami, komanso pachilumba cha Sumatra. Pochulukirapo, nyamazo zimapezeka ku nkhalango zotentha kumwera kwa Cambodia ndi Vietnam. Tapaipi timakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zonyowa.
Amasankha malo omwe kuli masamba ambiri obiriwira komanso komwe mungabisike pamaso pa adani. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika posankha malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa nkhokwe. Ma tapings amasambira bwino ndikukhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi, samalola kutentha ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali tsiku losungirako. Tikamasambira, tinsomba tating'onoting'ono timayanjana ndi nyamazo; zimatsuka tsitsi la nyamazo kuzisamba zosiyanasiyana.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Pakati pa matopu okhala ndi mutu wakuda, nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu amtundu wakuda kwathunthu, otchedwa melancitos. Kuphatikiza pa utoto, siwosiyana ndi oimira ena amtunduwu. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi zaka pafupifupi 30.
Nyama zimayesetsa kusapita kumapululu ndi malo otseguka chifukwa zimakhala ndi adani ochulukirapo ngakhale zili zazikulu. Tiger ndi mikango, anacondas ndi ena ambiri omwe amadana ndi ena amalota kuti adye nyama ya tapir. Chifukwa chake, ma tapara amatsogolera moyo wobisalira, woyendayenda kwambiri m'nkhalango usiku, usiku mtundu wawo umakhala wobisala, popeza mumdima mdani sangathe kusiyanitsa mitsinje yazinyama kuti isangowona malo oyera okha, chinyengo chowoneka choterocho chimapulumutsa matepi kwa adani.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe wakuda tapir amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi makina akuda amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Red Book Tapir
Chakudya cha Tapir chili ndi:
- masamba azomera zosiyanasiyana
- zipatso ndi masamba
- zipatso
- Nthambi ndi mphukira za tchire,
- moss, bowa ndi lichens,
- udzu ndi algae.
Kwambiri tapular onse amakonda mchere, umakonda kunyamulidwa m'matupi awo, ma tepi amatha kupita kutali kukafufuza chithandizo ichi. Tiyeneranso kudya choko ndi dongo, zinthuzi ndi gwero labwino kwambiri pofufuza zinthu. Pomwe ma tambala ali m'madzi, amatchera mitengo ndi thunthu, amadyera matabwa, ndikudula nthambi zamitengo yodzala madzi. Tapir ali ndi kusintha kosinthika kopezeka m'zakudya - thunthu. Ndi thunthu, tapir amatenga masamba ndi zipatso pamitengo ndikuziyika pakamwa pake.
Ngakhale amakhala osadukiza, ma tiles ndi nyama zolimba ndipo nthawi ya chilala amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. M'malo ena, nyama zokongola komanso zodekha zimatha kuwononga kwambiri. Tapaipi amatha kupondaponda ndi kudya masamba ndi nthambi paminda yomwe chomera cha chokoleti chimabzalidwa, nyamazo sizigwirizana ndi nzimbe, mango ndi mavwende, ndipo zimatha kuvulaza kubzala kwa mbewu izi. Muukapolo, ma tapirs amadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi monga nkhumba. Ma tapita amakonda kudya macround a mkate ndi maswiti osiyanasiyana. Amatha kudya zakudya zamafuta, tirigu, ndi zipatso zina za chimanga ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Black tapir
Kuthengo, ma tepi ndi nyama zobisika kwambiri, amakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Masana, nyama izi zimatha pafupifupi tsiku lonse m'madzi. Pamenepo amabisala kwa adani, ndi dzuwa lotentha. Komanso nyamazi nthawi zonse sizosiyana ndikusamba matope, izi zimawapulumutsa ku majeremusi omwe amakhala pa ubweya wawo, ndikusangalatsa nyamazo. Ma tapings amasambira bwino, kuphatikiza ndi madzi, amatha kupeza chakudya chawo. Atazindikira kuopsa, tapir amatha kulowa m'madzi ndipo kwakanthawi sichimawoneka pamwamba.
Usiku, ma tapirs amayendayenda m'nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya. Nyama izi sizikuwoneka bwino, koma mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino amakhala ndi mphamvu chifukwa cha kununkhira komanso kukhudza, mumdima amatsogozedwa ndi mawu ndi fungo. Ma tapara ndi amanyazi kwambiri, akumva chisakasa kapena akumva kuti nyama ikhoza kumusaka, mwachangu mokwanira kuti athawe. Masana, amayesetsa kuti asatuluke m'nkhalangozi kapena madzi, kuti asagwere ena.
Zingwe zam'mimba zimangokhala zokhaokha, kupatulako kumachitika pakukhwima, pomwe yamphongo ikumana ndi mkazi kuti abereke ndi kubereka. Nthawi zina, nyama zimachitira nkhanza abale awo, sizimaloledwa kulowa mdera lawo, ngakhale nthawi yosamukira, opanga amasuntha osamuka kapena awiriawiri amuna ndi akazi. Kuti mulumikizane wina ndi mzake, ma tapri amatulutsa mawu omveka ofanana ndi mzungu. Atawona wachibale wake pafupi naye, tapir ayesetsa mwamphamvu kumutulutsa m'gawo lake.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ma tepi amakula m'maganizo pagawo lokhala ndi zoweta. Ngakhale kuti kuthengo, nyama izi zimachita zankhanza, zimakonda kukhala mu ukapolo, zimayamba kumvera anthu ndikuzimvetsetsa.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wakuda wa tapir wakuda
Nthawi yakukonzekera kwa ma tapirs imagwera kumapeto kwa masika, makamaka uku ndi kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi. Koma nthawi zina mumakhala mu June. Muukapolo, tapirs ali okonzekera kubereka chaka chonse. Asanathenso, ma tepi amakhala ndimasewera enieni: nyama zimapanga phokoso lofuula kwambiri, kuchokera kumawu awa akazi amatha kupeza chachimuna m'nkhalango, ndi champhongo chachikazi. Mukamakhwima, nyama zimagwiranagwirana, kuluma wina ndi mnzake, ndi kufuula kwambiri.
Woyambitsa kukhwima ndi wamkazi. Mimba yaikazi ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imatenga masiku 410. Mwachidule, mwana m'modzi yekhayo amabadwa m'matumba, nthawi zambiri mapasa amabadwa. Mkazi amasamalira mwana, amawadyetsa ndikumuteteza ku zowopsa.
Pambuyo pobadwa, khandalo limakhala m'malo obisalako kwakanthawi, koma pausinkhu wa sabata limodzi mwana wamphongo akuyamba kuyenda ndi amayi ake. Tipeti tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi utoto wamizeremizere, womwe umasintha pakapita nthawi. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, mkazi amadyetsa mwanawawo ndi mkaka, pakapita nthawi, ana amasinthana kubzala zakudya kuyambira masamba a zipatso, zipatso, ndi udzu wofewa. Matumba a ma tapor amakula mwachangu ndipo pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mwana wabadwa wamtopola akuyamba kukula. Tapira ali okonzeka kubereka azaka zapakati pa 3-4.
Adani achilengedwe a wakuda wakuda
Chithunzi: Black tapir mwachilengedwe
Nyama zokongola zakutchirezi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri. Adani akuluakulu a ma tapir ndi:
Kuyambira nyama zikuluzikulu za mphaka za m'mphaka zimabisala m'madzi, popeza nyama izi sizimakonda madzi. Koma m'madzi amapaipi ngozi ina yobisalira - awa ndi mamba ndi anacondas. Ng'ona zimathamanga ndipo zimasaka bwino m'madzi ndipo ndizovuta kupulumutsa tapir kuchokera kuzinyama.
Koma mdani wamkulu wamapa anali ndipo amakhalabe munthu. Ndi anthu omwe amadula m'nkhalango momwe mumakhala ma tepi. Nyama zosauka izi zilibe malo oti zikhale, chifukwa m'malo otseguka zimadyedwa nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera, kudula mitengo, munthu amaletsa nyama izi kukhala chakudya chofunikira kwambiri. Komanso m'malo ambiri ma tapering amawonongedwa ndi anthu kuti asunge zokolola.
Amadziwika kuti nyama izi zimapweteketsa mbewu ndi minda yazipatso ndi Pancake sabata, chifukwa chake anthu amathamangitsa tapir ngati awona kuti nyamazo zimakhala pafupi ndi mbewu. Ngakhale panthawiyi kusaka ma tepi sikuletsedwa, nyama izi zimapitilirabe kuwonongeka chifukwa nyama ya tapir imawonedwa ngati chakudya chenicheni, ndipo ziphuphu ndi tizirombo timapangidwa ndi khungu lakanyama. M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu a mtundu wa tapir atsika kwambiri chifukwa cha anthu, ndipo mtunduwu watsala pang'ono kutha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Awiri matepi akuda
Chifukwa choti posachedwa posachedwa pafupifupi 50% ya nkhalango zidulidwa m'malo okhala nkhomaliro, ndipo nkhalangozi zotsalira sizingathe kufikiridwa ndi ma tapings, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwatsika kwambiri. M'malo omwe nyamazo zimakhalamo, magawo 10% okha a nkhalango zomwe ndi oyenereradi ma bomba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama nthawi zambiri zimathamangitsidwa ndi anthu kuti awononge komanso kuwononga mbewu. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimaphedwa kapena kuvulazidwa ndi kusasamala akafuna kuzithamangitsa m'malo obzala.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ngati tapir akwera m'mafamu ndi madera ena otetezedwa ndi agalu, akagwidwa ndi galu, ma tapirs samathawa, koma onetsetsani kuti ndi ankhanza. Ngati tapir wayendetsa agaluwo pakona, ikhoza kuyamba kuluma ndikuwukira. Kuphatikiza apo, tapir, poona zoopsa, imatha kuukira munthu.
Mpaka pano, mtundu wa Tapirus chizindikiro wakuda wapamwamba walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ndipo uli ndi mtundu wa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Kusaka nyama zamtunduwu ndizoletsedwa ndi lamulo, komabe, ma tapider ochuluka amawonongeka ndi ozizira. Tapaipi ndiothekera kwambiri pakasamukira, pomwe amakakamizidwa kupita m'malo otseguka.
Ngati anthu saleka kudula nkhalango ndi kusaka ma taper, nyama izi posachedwa sizingotsalira. Ambiri mwa ma tepi tsopano amakhala m'malo otetezedwa, koma nyama izi zimaswana pang'ono. Ndikosavuta kutsata kuchuluka kwazithunzithunzi zakutchire chifukwa nyama zimayenda usiku komanso kubisala. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tepi amatha kusamuka kwawo komwe amafunafuna zakudya, ndikupeza malo awo atsopano kukhala kovuta.
Kuteteza kwa tapir wakuda
Chithunzi: Red Book Tapir
Choopseza kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndi kudula mitengo kwa nkhalango zotentha komwe amakhala ma tapter. Kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa anthu opita ku tapir ku Nicaragua, Thailand ndi maiko ena ambiri, kusaka kwa tapir ndizoletsedwa pamilandu. Kuti muthane ndi ozizira, mphamvu zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwa. Malo amasungidwa momwe nyama izi zimakhalamo ndi kubereka bwino. Awa ndi malo otetezedwa a Nicaragua National Park pomwe kuswana kwa tapir kumachitika. Komanso ku Nicaragua kuli malo osungira mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean, omwe ali ndi malo pafupifupi mahekitala 700.
Tawuni imakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Surim, ndipo ili ndi nkhalango pafupifupi 16,000 km. Ndi m'malo ena ambiri. Kumeneko nyama zimamasuka ndikubala ana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tepi amadzala m'malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale m'dziko lathu, okhala ndi ma tepi angapo amakhala ku Zoo ya Moscow.
Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala omasuka, azolowera anthu ndikulola kuti asamalidwe. Koma, kuphatikiza pa izi, ndikofunikira kusiya kudula mitengo mwachisangalalo komwe nyama zimapezeka. Kupanda kutero, matipi oyipa amatha basi. Tiyeni tisamalire chilengedwe pamodzi, kusamalira nyama ndi malo awo. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo ambiri osungirako, malo osungirako nyama momwekhalani nyama ndikupanga zikhalidwe za moyo wa nyama.
Tepi yakuda nyama yofatsa komanso yobisalira. Kuthengo, anthu osaukawa ayenera kubisala kwa adani ndi asaka. Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsatira njira zoyambira za nyama chifukwa nyama ndizosatheka kuyitsata kuthengo. Sayansi yamakono sadziwa zochepa za nyama zakale zamtunduwu, ndipo titha kuphunzira momwe zidakhazikidwira ndi anthu okhala muukapolo. Zikuwoneka kuti ngakhale makina amtchire, atakhala otetezeka, amasiya kukhala ankhalwe komanso otetezedwa ndi anthu.