Chithunzi cha Mkulu wa Melania

Uwu ndi moyo wachinyengo wam'madzi wokhala pansi. Nthaka ndiyo pothawirapo pawo, malo kumene amadyetserako ndi kubereketsa.

Nthawi zambiri, nkhono ya melania imalowa m'madzimo mwathu mwamwayi (ndi madzi kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto, ndi zomera zogulidwa, ndi zina). Okonda ena amaganiza kuti nkhono iyi ndi mtundu wa m'madzi am'madzi. Ndipo mutha kuwamvetsetsa, popeza nkhono imaswanirana mu aquarium ndikutukuka kwa geometric. Amakhulupirira kuti kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa melania ndizovuta kwambiri.

Chithunzi cha Mkulu wa Melania

The nkhono melania ali ndi chipolopolo mu mawonekedwe a cheni yopapatiza mpaka masentimita 3-4 kutalika. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalumikizidwa ndi kufunika kokumba pansi. Mtundu wa chigobachi umasinthasintha. Cholembera chimakhala ndi chofunda pakamwa, chofunikira kuteteza motsutsana ndi ozunza ndikudikirira mavuto.

Magawo abwino a madzi a nkhono: kutentha 22-28 ° С, ma mollusks, makamaka, alibe chidwi ndi kukhwima, mphamvu yogwira, ndi magawo ena am'madzi. Kukula kumafunika mu aquarium, chifukwa nkhono izi zimangopumira ndi ma gill.

Chithunzi cha Mkulu wa Melania

Monga tanena kale, nkhono iyi, mosiyana ndi ena ambiri, ndiyopanga. Timnofu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tating'ono, pafupifupi mamilimita kutalika, kubisala m'mizu yazomera. Kukula pang'onopang'ono.

Mabowo a Melania safuna kudyetsedwa pawokha mu aquarium wamba, chifukwa amadya zatsalira zamitundu yonse ya moyo wam'madzi.

Ponena za zabwino kapena zoopsa za hydrobiont iyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi zidapangidwa kuti zizipanga zinazake. Palibe cholakwika kunena motsimikiza kuti nkhono zam'madzi zili ndi vuto. Komanso, amathandiza polimbana ndi algae ndi michere yambiri yomwe imunjikana m'nthaka ya aquarium.

China chake ndi malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro kwa iwo. Kuzitcha kuti zovulaza sikulinso kolakwika. Uku ndi kungowunikira chabe.

Ngati m'misasa yanu mumapezeka nkhono zambiri, ndizosavuta kuwachotsa ndipo m'tsogolo ndizosavuta kuwerengera. Pano, tikufunsani kuti muwone nthambi yayikulu ya forum yathu momwe anyamata ndi atsikana amachitira ndi nkhono - apa. Chidwi

Chithunzi cha Mkulu wa Melania

Njira yodalirika komanso yotetezeka kwambiri yochotsera choko ndiyo kupopera nkhono zachabe. Pogula zidutswa za 5-10 za Helen ndikuziponyera mu aquarium ndikumayatsa, mumatsimikizira pang'onopang'ono ndikuwawononga kwathunthu. Popanda chemistry yovulaza, popanda njira zopweteka komanso zazitali zopangira nkhono. Miyezi 1-2 ndipo palibe chalk.

Mwa njira, si ma helen okha omwe angathe izi: bots, tetrachids adzakuthandizaninso pankhaniyi. Koma kumbukirani kuti nsomba izi zimafuna malo awo okhala ndipo nthawi zonse simungathe kuziyendetsa mu aquarium yanu. Ma Helens ndi odzikweza ndipo amagulitsidwa paliponse.

Kodi kuchotsa nkhono melania? Muli ndi yankho lokwanira pamwambapa, komanso pa ulalo wa pabwaloli. Monga imodzi mwanjira zosowa m'nkhaniyi timapereka chitsanzo chogwira melania pa nthochi. Njirayi imagwira ntchito 100% ndipo idakhazikitsidwa ndi chikondi cha nkhono kuti zimavunda organic kanthu.

1. Gulani nthochi pamsika.

2. Idyani nthochi.

3. Siyani peyala ya nthochi padzuwa kapena pa batri kuti isade.

4. Usiku, ponyani nthochi yowola mu aquarium ndikusungunuka.

5. Ndipo m'mawa ... voila. Mitundu yambiri ya nthochi. Muyenera kutenga ndikugwedeza nkhono kuchokera ku nthochi ya nthochi.

Kwa mausiku awiri ndi nthochi imodzi, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri nkhono za nkhono.

Choipa cha njirayi ndikuti nthochi imawonjezera zinthu zachilengedwe mlengalenga usiku. Madzi amathanso kukhala opanda mitambo, koma zilibe kanthu, vuto ndilakuti ngati panali "madzi oyipa" mu thanki yanu - okhala ndi ma nitrogen ambiri NH4, NO2, NO3 ndipo mudaponyabe nthochi. ambiri, palibe chabwino chingachitike.

Chithunzi cha Mkulu wa Melania

Dziwinso kuti m'misika yamakoko a kukonzekera amagulitsa akugulitsa: Sera S Konpur, Sera S Nkhala Ex, nkhono za Sera, Tropic LIMNA TOX, JBL LimCollect II, Dajana Moluci ndi ena. Sitikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Choyamba, ambiri aiwo amalekeka chifukwa chovulaza chilengedwe cha m'madzi (zambiri zakukonzekera zimakhala ndi mkuwa, zomwe sizowopsa kwa nkhono zokha, komanso zolengedwa zina zam'madzi). Kachiwiri, mankhwalawa ndi osowa, sikuti mumzinda uliwonse omwe amapezeka. Chachitatu, bwanji? Ngati pali matani a njira zina zotetezeka.

Sand Melania (Melanoides tuberculata)

Sand melania (Latin: Melanoides tuberculata and Melanoides granifera), iyi ndi nkhono wamba wa pansi pa aquarium, yomwe ma aquarist nawonso amakonda ndi kudana nthawi yomweyo.

Kumbali ina, melania amadya zinyalala, algae, ndipo amasakanizika dothi bwino, kuti lisaume. Kumbali inayo, zimaberekanso modabwitsa, ndipo zimatha kukhala mliri weniweni wa m'madzi.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Poyamba, amakhala ku Southeast Asia ndi Africa, koma tsopano akukhala modabwitsa malo okhala am'madzi osiyanasiyana, m'maiko osiyanasiyana komanso m'ma kontilanti osiyanasiyana.

Izi zidachitika chifukwa chosasamala kwa asodzi kapena kusamuka kwachilengedwe.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti nkhono zambiri zimalowa mu aquarium yatsopano yokhala ndi zomera kapena zokongoletsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri mwini wake samadziwa kuti ali ndi alendo.

Nkhono zimatha kukhala mumtundu uliwonse wa aquarium, komanso mwachilengedwe m'madzi aliwonse, koma sizingakhale moyo ngati nyengo yake ili yozizira kwambiri.

Amakhala olimba kwambiri, ndipo amatha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi nsomba zomwe zimadya pamnofu, monga tetraodons.

Ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba kotero kuti tetraodon ikhoza kuwononga, ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, pomwe sizingatheke kuzitenga.

Tsopano m'mazithunzithunzi mumapezeka mitundu iwiri ya kupera. Awa ndi Melanoides tuberculata ndi Melanoides granifera.

Chodziwika kwambiri ndikusungunuka kwa graniferi, koma pakati pawo kusiyana konse ndikochepa. Ndiwowoneka bwino. Gogo wokhala ndi chipolopolo chocheperako komanso chachitali, chifuwa chachikulu komanso chochepa komanso chazikulu.

Nthawi yambiri amakhala akudzigoneka pansi, zomwe zimathandiza amadzi am'madzi, chifukwa nthawi zonse amasakaniza dothi, kuti lisawume. Amadzidzimuka usiku.

Palibe chifukwa kuti Melania amatchedwa mchenga, ndizosavuta kukhala mumchenga. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti sangakhale munthaka zina.

Mwa ine amamva bwino mu miyala yabwino, komanso mzanga, ngakhale m'madzi am'madzi, ali opanda dothi komanso ma cichlids akuluakulu.

Zinthu monga kusefera, acidity ndi kuuma zilibe kanthu kwenikweni, zimasinthana ndi chilichonse.

Poterepa, simudzafunika kuchita chilichonse. Chinthu chokha chomwe sakonda ndi madzi ozizira, chifukwa amakhala m'malo otentha.

Amapanganso zolemetsa zazing'ono kwambiri pamadzi, ndipo ngakhale zitagulitsidwa kwambiri, sizingakhudze momwe muliri mu aquarium.

Chokhacho chomwe chikuvutikira ndi mawonekedwe a aquarium.

Maonekedwe a nkhono iyi amatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono, monga utoto kapena chipolopolo chachitali. Koma, mukamamudziwa kamodzi, simungamuphonye.

Kudyetsa

Pamadye, simuyenera kupanga chilichonse, iwo azidya chilichonse chotsalira cha anthu ena.

Amadyanso mwala wofewa, potero amathandizira kuti nyanja ya Samariya ikhale yoyera.

Ubwino wosungunuka ndikuti amasakaniza dothi, potero limalepheretsa kuwira ndikuvunda.

Ngati mukufuna kudyetsa kuwonjezera, ndiye kuti mutha kupatsa aliyense mapiritsi amtundu wa catfish, masamba osankhidwa ndi ophika pang'ono - nkhaka, zukini, kabichi.

Mwa njira, munjira iyi, mutha kuthamangitsa choko chochulukirapo, kuwapatsa masamba, kenako kukumba misempha.

Mabowo okumba amafunika kuwonongeka, koma osathamangira kuwaponyera m'zimbudzi, pakhalapo zochitika pamene zimasambira.

Chosavuta ndichakuti muwakhazikitse iwo mchikwama ndikuchiyika mufiriji.

Kuikidwa:

Kuswana

Zimakhala zotupa, pomwe nkhono imakodwa ndi dzira, pomwe imapangira timinofu ting'onoting'ono, komwe nthawi yomweyo timaboweka pansi.

Chiwerengero cha ana obadwa kumene chimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa nkhono yomweyo komanso kuchokera 10 mpaka 60 zidutswa.

Zoweta, palibe chomwe chimafunikira, ndipo pang'ono zochepa zimatha kudzaza ngakhale aquarium yayikulu.

Mutha kudziwa momwe mungachotsere nkhono zowonjezera apa.

Kuswana

Melania granifer nkhono konyezimira. Njira zapadera zopangira nkhono sizofunikira. Akazi amatha kubereka ana popanda amuna.

Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa nkhono mu aquarium imodzi imatha kudziwonetsa kuti ikulamulira, kuchuluka sikupita pazovomerezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhono zambiri kumangowonjezera mkwiyo. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nkhalangoyi zimaperekedwa poyiyika mu aquarium ya nkhono Helena, yomwe imawadyera.

Kufotokozera ndi malo achilengedwe

Dziko lokhala ndi malo otentha a gastropod mollusk a banja la Thiaridae ali kutali, kumadera otentha ndi kotentha ku Africa (Morocco, Madagascar, Egypt), South Asia (kuchokera ku Middle East mpaka China ndi Indonesia) ndi Australia. Chifukwa chosabzala komanso kuchuluka kwake, nyamazo zimapanga madera atsopano ndipo zidagonjetsa kale nyanja ya Pacific, kumwera kwa Europe ndi Brazil. Zambiri zimakhazikika pansi, pomwe zimachulukana ndikudya zakudya zazomera zazing'ono. Melanias ndi viviparous, ndipo amabala ndi liwiro lalikulu.

Mollusk amawoneka ofanana ndi anzawo. Thupi limatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo, chomwe mwa akulu chimafika mpaka 4 cm. Mawonekedwe ake chipolopolo ndi chopapatiza komanso chachitali, chomwe chimapangidwa munjira yoti zinthu zisinthe kuti nthaka ikhale pansi. Mtundu wa nyumbayo umasiyanasiyana kuyambira mtundu wa bulauni kupita kumdima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono osanjidwa. Pamutu pali mahema awiri (antennae), omwe m'munsi mwake muli ziwalo zamasomphenya. Kupumira kwa oksijeni kusungunuka m'madzi, pali ma gill. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani pakamwa pa kumira pali chivindikiro chomwe chimatseka nthawi zanyengo.

Madera okhala ndi anthu opitilira 35,000 amakhala pafupi ndi madzi oyenda ofooka. Mumakonda madera amchenga komanso opanda kanthu okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, amagona masana, amabisala pansi.

Nkhono zamadzi oyera zimakhala zokhulupirika kumchere wamadzi kotero kuti zimatha kukhala m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mchere wofika 30%. Kuchuluka kwa machulukidwe a okosijeni sikofunikanso. Chokhacho chomwe chimasangalatsanso ndi mollusk ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Kuti muzikhala bwino, madziwo azikhala + 18 ... + 25 ° С.

Chithunzi cha Sofia Melania:

Mu aquarium, mtunduwu sikuti umangokhala woyeretsa, komanso mtundu wa chizindikiro cha dothi. Kuwononga nthawi yochuluka m'nthaka, nthawi yomweyo imayendera njira zowonongeka. Zikatero, gawo lonse limatuluka kuchokera pansi kupita kumwamba.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo wa Melania ndi zaka ziwiri. Mtunduwu si wa hermaphrodites ndipo anthu awiri adzafunika kuyamba kubereka. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakula.

Mr. Tail akutsimikizira: mitundu

Ma Aquariums omwe ali ndi mitundu itatu yokha ya Melania:

• Tubercrate ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zimakhalabe chinsinsi kuti adalowa bwanji m'malo osungira zinthu zakale. Ndipo mukuganiza kuti izi zidachitika mwangozi, nkhonoyi idafika kuchokera kumayiko akutali pamtchire, zomwe adazigulitsa kuti zizigulitsa. Ma mbewa obadwa kumene ndi ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuwaona popanda kukulitsa zida, ndipo amakonda kubisala muzu wazomera. Chipolopolo chachitali chamtunduwu ndi utoto wa utoto ndipo wokutidwa ndi mawanga ndi mawanga obiriwira, azitona ndi ma bulauni. Nthawi zambiri kukula kwa chipolopolo sikupitirira 3.5 cm, koma anthu akuluakulu amadziwika, mpaka 8 cm.

• Gogolo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufulumira mu chilichonse. Mtunduwu suchulukana mwachangu, umayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo umangokhala gawo laling'ono la chosungira. Mollusk amakhala nthawi yambiri pamtunda, akufufuza miyala ndi mabatani pansi. Nkhono imakhala ndi chipolopolo chotalika, 2 cm kutalika ndi 1.5-2 mainchesi. Mtundu wa chipolalachi ndiwodzaza, mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima yamdima wakuda. Chifanizochi chikufanana ndi chozungulira.

• Ricketi ndi buku la Melania Tubercrate, komabe pali kusiyana pang'ono. Nkhono iyi imachokera ku nyanja zamchere zamchere ku Singapore. Makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake a chipolopolo ndi ofanana, ndiye kuti utoto ndi womwe umakhala pafupi ndi bulauni kuposa imvi. Koma ngakhale panali kusiyana, si asayansi onse omwe amawazindikira kuti ndi osiyana.

Zoyambira Aquarium

Ma Shellfish amakhala m'madzi atsopano ndi amchere, sadzipatula ku acidity ndi kuuma. Chachikulu ndikuyang'anira boma la kutentha (+ 20 ... + 28 ° C) ndikukhazikitsa thandizo. Madzi a mu tanki ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi mpweya.

Kusankhidwa kwa dothi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera Melania. Ndikwabwino kukonda mchenga kapena miyala ya sing'anga.

M'malo ambiri opangira zinthu zokongoletsera komanso zinthu zokongoletsera zaikidwa mu tank: driftwood, castle, grottoes.

Zomera mu dziwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso masamba olimba. Kupanda kutero, nkhono zimatha kukumba chitsamba kapena kudya.

Ubwino wazopezekazo ndikuphatikiza kuyeretsa kwa thankiyo komanso mtundu wa dothi. Nkhono zimakumba nthawi zonse, kuti zisawonongeke. Amadyanso zotsalira za chakudya ndikuyeretsa kapu ya pansi pamadzi, amapulumutsa nsomba ndi zomera ku matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya.

Zowonongekazo zikuphatikiza chiwerengero chawo, chomwe chikukula mosawerengeka.

Pamatenthedwe amadzi apamwamba (+30 ° C), moyo wa Melania umachepetsedwa ndi theka.

Kugwirizana

Ma Shellfish amatha kusungidwa ndi pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsomba zamtendere, koma pali adani angapo achilengedwe omwe sadzasiya nkhono zokha. Izi ziweto zimabweretsedwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa madera: macichlids, bots, anti-cystruses, tetradons, macropod, gourami, mitundu ina ya catfish. Palinso achibale olusa a Melania, mwachitsanzo, Helena, amenenso amadya zamtundu wawo mwachangu.

Mwatsatanetsatane sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu aquarium yokhala ndi ma clams Kabombu mumitundu yake iliyonse. Awonongeratu mizu yokhazikika ndi kudya masamba a chomera.

Zowopsa zochokera ku Melania ndi momwe mungachotsere

Choyipa chachikulu pazomwe zili ndizowonjezereka mwachangu. Chiwerengero chachikulu chimayamba kudya osati zovulaza zokha, komanso masamba othandiza azosungidwa.

Kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa anthu amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo:

• Kukhazikika m'malo osungiramo nyama zamisoti Helena. Amadyera abale ang'ono, amapeza msanga ndikuziwononga.
• Kusewera zalchini scalded. Ikani zamasamba mu aquarium madzulo. M'mawa lidzakutidwa ndi nkhono, ndikokwanira kuwachotsa pamodzi ndi gawo la kolonayo.
• Kusunga nyama pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde, njirayi imabwerezedwa kambiri. Iyi ndi njira yovuta komanso yosagwira ntchito.
• Kukhumudwitsa mlengalenga kumapangitsa kuti ku Melania kufa ndi njala, ndipo adzafika pamtunda, komwe ndikosavuta kusonkhanitsa. Njirayi ndiyowopsa chifukwa imatha kuwononga ziweto zina zomwe zimakhala mu tank.

Zomwe kudyetsa choko

Maziko a chakudya chalking ndi algae otsika, semi-decomposed organic kanthu ndi ena. Pofunafuna chakudya, iwo amayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi ndikuzama mwakuya, bola dothi pano ndilotuluka ndipo siliponderezedwa ndi miyala ndi mitengo yozama ya mizu yamitengo yayitali.

Mosiyana ndi nkhono zam'madzi zambiri zomwe amadzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amadzi, ma melanas amapuma ndi ma gills, ndiye kuti, amatha kuyamwa mpweya womwe umasungunuka m'madzi ndipo safunikira kuthamangitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti madzi amadzimadzi am'mlengalenga. Inde, ndipo amabala atypically - amadziwika ndi kubadwa kwamoyo.

M'mabuku omwe amapezeka pamadzi am'madzi, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa nkhono (Oliver, 1804), womwe ndi sand melania (Mueller. 1774). Koma kungakhale kulakwa kuganizira mtundu wa monotypic, chifukwa zenizeni umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ina iwiri: M.riqueti (Graleloup. 1840), yomwe imakhala m'madzi atsopano a Singapore, ndi melanie granifer (Lamarck, 1822), yemwe amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje kumadzulo. Malaysia. M'mabuku apadera, nkhono izi zimapezeka pansi pa mayina a Tarebia granifera kapena a Tarebia.

Chithunzi cha melan granifer

Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ma Philippine mollusks M.turricula (Leo, 1862), koma kayendetsedwe kake sikanakhazikike kwathunthu: malingana ndi mawonekedwe a morphological, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi M. tuberculata, ndipo akatswiri ambiri a sayansi amapatsa iwo kokha ndi mawonekedwe a subspecies. Nthawi yomweyo, pankhani zachilengedwe, ma mollus awa amasiyana. Ngati mchenga melania nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso matope, ndiye kuti a M.turricula amakonda mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi owonekera bwino komanso owonekera bwino. Motsogozedwa ndi izi, akatswiri ena amasiyanitsa nkhono izi mwa njira yodziyimira payokha.

Melanin wamitundu yonse ali ndi chipolopolo (chotumphukira), mkamwa mwake momwe mollusk amatha kutseka mwamphamvu ndi chifuwa cha laimu. Khomo lamtunduwu limalola kuti nkhono izithawa kwa adani, komanso kuwonjezera, kusunga mawonekedwe oyenerera mkati mwa kumira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwanjira iyi kuti apirire zosintha zachilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali. Koma ngakhale popanda makina otetezerawa, kuthekera kothekera kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Amapirira kutentha kwamtundumitundu (kuyambira 18 mpaka 28 ° C), mchere (mpaka 20 ppm), alibe chidwi ndi kuuma kwamadzi, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi magawo ena a mankhwala.

Mwina chinthu chokhacho chofunikira kwambiri pakusungunuka ndi mpweya wabwino womwe wasungunuka. Ndi kusowa kwake, ma mollusks amachoka pansi ndikuthamanga pafupi ndi pamwamba.

Malo achilengedwe

Mwachilengedwe, melania imapezeka m'matupi amadzi a Asia, Australia, ndi kontinenti ya Africa. Posachedwa, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mapolopolo amenewa kwawonedwa kumwera kwa United States komanso m'maiko angapo ku Europe.

Mabowo a Melania amakonda kukhazikika m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'madzi osaya. Nthawi zambiri zimagwa pansi 1 mita kuchokera pansi. Nthaka yomwe mumakonda kwambiri ya ma gastropod amenewa ndi mchenga wofewa wokhala ndi silt.. Melania amapanga madera ambiri, mpaka akuluakulu a 2,000 amatha kuwerengedwa 1 m², ndipo ndi chakudya chokwanira, onse 3,500.

Melania - ndi ndani

Mitundu ya banja la a Thiaridae Melanoides, mbadwa yaku Africa, pang'onopang'ono idafalikira matupi amadzi aku Asia ndi Australia. Magulu a nkhono amapezeka ku Mexico, Brazil, mayiko akumwera kwa United States, komanso kumwera kwa Europe.

Thupi loyera lamtundu wa herbivorous gastropod mollusk limabisala mu chipolopolo chowoneka 25-25 mm kutalika kwa 7-7 kutembenuka. Mtundu - bulawuni wopepuka wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda kapena bulawuni wakuda ndi pamwamba wakuda. Pakamwa pa kumira pa nthawi yamavuto ndi nthawi zovuta kumakutidwa ndi chifuwa cha laimu.

Thupi la mollusk limakhala ndi mutu, mwendo ndi torso, yokutidwa ndi chovala, chomwe chimapereka zida zomangira "nyumba". Palinso zokutira mu chovala chamkati mwa chovala. Pansi pamiyala iwiri yopyapyala pamutu pali maso.

Nkhono sizimva ndi kupanga phokoso, zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pokhudza.

Melania amakhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi abwino kapena matupi amchere amchere pang'ono. Koma nthawi zina madera mpaka anthu chikwi chimodzi pa lalikulu. mamita akuzama kuya kwa 3-4 m. Ndi chakudya chochuluka chomera ndi miyala yosungirako, anthu okhala m'matauni amakula mpaka 35,000.

Kupuma, nkhono sizifunikira kuyandama pamwamba; mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi ndi wokwanira. Mwachilengedwe kapena mawonekedwe owoneka, moyo wa osangalatsa ndi zaka 2.

Palibe mikhalidwe yapadera yosungunuka. Nthawi zambiri, mwangozi amalowa m'madzi ndi zomera, akugwira pamizu. Ma Mollusks amakonda madzi othiridwa pamtunda wa 22-31 ° C. Koma milandu idalembedwa pomwe maolloll kwa nthawi yayitali amagawiridwa ndi mpweya wochepa osagwiritsa ntchito aerator.

Dothi limakonda kukhala ndi mchenga, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumakhala mchenga wosaposa 2 mm. Ngati zigawo zili zazikulupo, nkhono zimachita khama kwambiri kuti zikumbe ndi kumira.

Ngakhale adasinthasintha mwachangu malo omwe akukhaliramo, amawaganizira kuti madzi omwe ali ndi pH pansipa 6, yopanda ma carbonates, amawononga chitsime cha mandimu.

Melania safuna kudyetsa, imakhala ndi malo ocheperako, zolengedwa zowola ndi zotsalira za chakudya kuchokera kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Pazakudya, mutha kuwonjezera letesi masamba, kaloti, nkhaka, mapiritsi a chakudya cha catfish.

Ponena za kudyetsa, mikangano pakati pa mafani a anthu okhala m'madzi samatha. Ena amati zakudya zowonjezera zimasunga mbewu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuvala pamwamba kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikula msanga, zomwe zikuipiraipira nsomba. Mbali zonsezi ndi zolondola. Kaya kudyetsa nkhono ndi kusankha kwa eni ake.

Kuti mbewu zisakhale chakudya chakupera, mitundu yokhala ndi masamba olimba ndi mizu yamphamvu yabzalidwe. Kongoletsani posungira ndi kuti nkhono zimakonda kubisala kumbuyo kwa miyala, nkhono, shards.

Mollusks amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, masana amakumba pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, dzina lina la melania lidawoneka - nkhono ya dothi. Othandiza m'madzi sangadziwe za kukhalapo kwa alendo mu dziwe lanyumba mpaka kuchuluka kwawo kuchulukana. Ndikusowa kwa malo okhala, melanias amamatira pamtunda wa zokongoletsera, algae. Kuyandama pansi ndikapanda kuthana ndi kuyeretsa dothi, amamva kusowa kwa mpweya.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chipolopolo cha cochlea chimakhala ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira, opingasa amatha kutalika masentimita 3-4. Fomuyi imalola melania kuti ikumbike pansi mosavuta. Makongoletsedwe amasiyanasiyana kuyambira amtundu wobiriwira kupita pamtundu wakuda, nthawi zina mawonekedwe amtundu kapena zolemba zimadziwika.

Pakamwa pa kumira pakachitika ngozi kapena pamavuto ena amatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivundikiro cha laimu. Chifukwa chake, nkhono za nthaka zimathawa kwa zilombo ndikudikirira kuti zinthu zisinthe pamalowa, kwinaku zikukhala bwino mkati.

Mtundu wamtunduwu wamankhwala uli ndi mapiko ndipo umapumira mpweya wofunikira mumadzi.. Sikuti Melanias ayenera kukwera pafupipafupi ndi mpweya wabwino. Amangosiya dothi lokha popanda O₂, pomwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi.

Mitundu yoyendera

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupera, zitatu zokha ndizomwe zimapezeka mu aquarium:

• Melania chifuwa (Melanoides tuberculata),
• Melania graniferra (Melanoides granifera),
• Melania riqueti (Melanoides riqueti).

Tubercrate

M'mizinda yam'madzi yam'madzi, mtundu woyamba wa nkhono - chifuwa chachikulu - umapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Sizikudziwika kuti zidachokera kuti mu malo osungira nyama, koma pali mtundu wina womwe adabweretsa ndi zomera kuchokera kunyanja zaku Asia kapena ku Africa kapena m'madziwe. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira nkhono yatsopano ngakhale pansi pagalasi yokulitsa, makamaka ngati ikubisala mizu yambiri.

Ma Shell conical okwanira ma tubercate, nthawi zambiri imvi, yosakanizidwa ndi wobiriwira, maolivi ndi bulauni. Dawo pafupi ndi pakamwa ndi mpaka 7 mm, kutalika kwake ndi 3-3.5 masentimita. Mu ntchito zina zasayansi, zitsanzo zazikulu zimatchulidwa kutalika kwa 7-8 cm.

Agogo

Graniferiyo amakhala ndi chipolopolo chachifupi komanso chachikulu: kutalika - mpaka 2 cm, mainchesi - 1-1.5 cm. Utoto wake umakhala wotalikirapo, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi cholowera chakumaso.

Mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwa kubereka, komanso kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe. Makongolerawa amapita pang'onopang'ono kuzidziwitso zonsezi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhota pansi ndikusanthula pang'ono mabowo kapena miyala. Chosangalatsa cha gogolo ndikuti amakhala m'malo ena apansi, ndipo osafalikira m'malo osungirako.

Riketi

Melania ricketi imapezeka m'malo osungirako madzi atsopano a Singharur. Kunja, sasiyana ndi chifuwa chachikulu, chifukwa akatswiri ena sawasiyanitsa mwanjira ina.

Mabowo a Aquarium melania sanyada pakapangidwe kamadzi, chinthu chachikulu chikukhudza moyo wawo ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino. Kuti muchite izi, dziwe lochita kupanga liyenera kukhala ndi zida zothandizira. Melania ikhoza kukhalapo m'madzi amchere, pali milandu pomwe zigamba za maolloll zimapezeka m'malo osungirako mchere okhala ndi 30%.

Kutentha kwambiri pakusunga nkhono ndi 20-28 ° C. Zovuta komanso acidity sizofunikira kwenikweni, chifukwa magawo awa samakhudza thanzi la nkhono.

Osagwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino kwambiri, chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kuti nkhono zipume. Nthaka yaying'ono imasankhidwa kuti igulitsidwe, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazigoba, komwe zimavuta kwambiri kukumba mozama.

Zomera zokhala ndi zofewa zimakhala ngati zowonjezera pa melania, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kubzala mitundu yokhala ndi mizere yolimba ndi mizu yamphamvu mu aquarium yokhala ndi anthu ambiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Maziko a zakudya za melania ndi algae otsika komanso opindika zotsalira. Pokhala zododometsa (zolengedwa zomwe zimadya zowola), sizingakane letesi, nkhaka kapena zukini, komanso zotsalira za chakudya cha nsomba.

Ndikusowa kwa chakudya, kukula ndi kukula kwa nkhono kumachepetsa. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumalepheretsa kubereka.

Sand melania

Okonda nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mchenga melania. Nkhono zamtunduwu zakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo osungirako zinyama ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupezeka m'madziwe amkati okongoletsera. Sikovuta kudziwa mbiri yakulowerera kwawo mu chikhalidwe. Mwinanso izi zidachitika mosakhalitsa ndipo zidabwera ndi mbewu kuchokera ku malo ena aku Asia kapena ku Africa. Momwemonso, melanias nthawi zambiri amasuntha kuchokera ku aquarium imodzi kupita ku ina. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupewa kusunthika motere: ndikovuta kuzindikira (ngakhale ndi kachulukidwe) kamene kamangobadwa kumene kamtambo kamphamvu ya mizu imodzi kapena chomera china cham'madzi.

Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira chifukwa cha miyala kapena miyala ya miyala. Pofuna kumasula dothi kumakola, pamafunika zinthu monga kuwerengera kapena kuwotchera, ndipo sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzikwaniritsa, makamaka zikafika pamiyeso yayikulu. Mwamwayi, zochitika zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zoterezi ndizosowa kwambiri.

Chithunzi cha Sandy melania

Chipolopolo cha mchenga wa mchenga chimakhala chachitali, cholozera, komanso m'mimba mwake m'lifupi kwambiri - pafupi ndi kamwa - pafupifupi 5-7 mm ndi kutalika kwa 30-35 mm (m'mabukuwo mumakhala mawu onena za zimphona mpaka urefu wa 7-8 cm).

Mtundu waukulu wa imvi ndi kuphatikizika kosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wobiriwira, maolivi, ma brownish.

Ma sparal ozungulira chipolopolo pamlomo ndi osiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana. Pa iwo, mikwingwirima yofiirira imawoneka bwino, yolunjika, monga lamulo, yofananira ndi nkhwangwa ya chipolopolo. Kutalika, m'lifupi, ndi mtundu wa mikwingwirima komanso mtundu wa mawonekedwe omwe amapangidwa ndi munthu aliyense payekha. Nthawi zina, nkhono zimapezeka momwe mtundu wa imodzi kapena ziwiri za curls zoyambirira zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya ena: anthu otere amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri, makamaka pankhani yophatikiza minda yamdima ndi yowala.

Tiyenera kudziwa, komabe, kuti, ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhono, kukhathamira kwa dothi kokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino, simungathe kusirira mchenga melania mu aquarium yopepuka. Osati kuti ndi amantha, komabe pa mwayi woyamba amayesetsa kukumba pansi. Momwe kumira kumadalira ndi dothi: bwino zidutswazo, mwachangu zomwe zikutsatira zimasowa m'maso.

Mwa njira, lingaliro kuti nkhono izi popanda dothi limatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola ochepa ndizokokomeza.

Mwanjira ina, chifukwa cha kuyesaku, ndinayika ma choko angapo mu chisa chokula, momwe, kupatula zida zofunikira, chitsamba cha pulasitiki cha echinodorus ndi kuwuma angapo khumi, palibe china. Adanenanso tsiku lodzala mu diary ndikuyamba kudikirira (lolani "wobiriwira" ndikhululukireni) zaimfa iyi yosatheka. Poyamba, amawongolera momwe aliri pafupifupi ola lililonse, ndiye kuti bilu inapita tsiku limodzi, kwa sabata limodzi.

Pa tsiku la makumi atatu ndi chitatu zidachitika. Ayi, ayi konse zomwe ndimayembekezera: mmalo mwake, malingana ndi malangizo omwe ali m'mabuku omwe amapezeka pamadzi am'madzi, kusunthira modekha kudziko lina, nkhono zamchenga zimapanga mtundu wawo - zazing'ono (zazitali kupitirira mamilimita) mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 5.

Sindinganene kuti melania imabadwa monga choncho. Ndimavomereza kuti kubadwa kwawo kunachitika masiku angapo m'mbuyomu ndipo sindinachite chidwi ndi zolengedwa izi (makamaka popeza sindinaziyang'ane, ndikungopeza zotsatira zoyeserera).

Melania kukula pang'onopang'ono mokwanira. Kwa mwezi umodzi adangowonjezera mamilimita 5-6 kuchokera kutalika koyamba (kuyerekeza: ma coil nthawi yomweyo amakhala pafupifupi achikulire). Mwina dothi lonyansa, kukula kwawo kumathamanga.

Melania graniferi mu aquarium

Zaka zaposachedwa, mtundu wina wa melania "walembedwa" m'mizinda yaku Russia - kusungunuka kwa graniferi. M'malingaliro mwanga, amawoneka okongola komanso ogwirizana kuposa abale awo. Chipolopolo chawo cholamulidwa, chopaka utoto wofiirira, chimakulungidwa mokulira: kutalika kwa chulu chake kumakhala kocheperako (mpaka 2 cm), ndipo mainchesiwo ndi okulirapo (1.0-1.5 cm). Ma curls akale akale ali ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono opepuka ndi malangizo opepuka, oyera ngati nsonga ndi mayenje amdima.

Mwinanso, chiwerengerochi chinatsimikizira kusankha kwa dzina la Chilatini la mitundu, lomwe limatanthawuza "kunyamula tirigu". M'mabuku a Chingerezi, amadziwika kuti "Quilted melania" - ndiye kuti, patchwork, kapena quilted.

Chithunzi cha melan granifer

Zizolowezi za agogo zimasiyana mwanjira ina ndi abale awo otchuka. Amakhala otentha kwambiri, olemekezeka kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka komanso nthawi yina osalumikizidwa ndi iwo. Zabwino kwa iwo ndi gawo la dothi la 1-2 mm, ndiye kuti, mchenga wowuma.

M'nthaka, yopangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso zokulirapo, ndizovuta kuti nkhono izi zizunza nkhono zawo. Koma a M. granifera amatha nthawi yambiri akuwona, akukhazikika pamiyala ndi miyala ikuluikulu. Ndipo ngati kuwoneka kwa kusungunuka wamba pamakoma a aquarium, zinthu zokongoletsera, mbewu zikuwonetsa mkhalidwe wovuta m'makutu am'munsi mwa chosungira, ndiye kuti chizindikiro ichi sichikugwira ntchito molingana ndi kusungunuka kwa manda.

Poyerekeza ndi mchenga melania, ma granifera amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikugwira ntchito pa kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe, komanso kuchuluka kwa kusintha komanso kubereka.

Chiwerengero cha mchenga melania chikukula mwachangu. Ndikokwanira kulowa mu aquarium awiri akulu akulu (ali ndi gawo la kubereka, lomwe limafunikira mnzake), monga mwezi umodzi kapena nkhono ziwiri zitha kukhazikitsidwa ambiri. Kuti akwaniritse kuchulukana kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka anthu, ma graniferi adzafunika miyezi isanu ndi itatu.

Palinso kusiyana kwinanso. Ngati ma melanias wamba amagawidwa mokwanira pamtunda wonse wa dothi, ndiye kuti opangirawo amapanga madera ena amderalo omwe amakhala m'malo ena pansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu aquarium yanga amakhala m'magulu pafupi ndi feed pansi.

Mwina izi ndichifukwa choti pano pafupifupi nthawi zonse pamakhala zinthu zambiri zosafunidwa ndi nsomba, ndipo m'malo ena tirigu wosazolowereka satha kupikisana ndi zakudya za m'mimba mwa nimble M. tuberculata. Komabe, mitundu yonseyi imakhala bwino padziwe limodzi. Komabe, ngakhale mwachilengedwe, magulu awo nthawi zambiri amasinthana.

Ndikuganiza kuti chopukusirachi chili ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chodzakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri mu aquarium yokongoletsera.Maonekedwe a mollusks awa ndi njira yoyesedwa yopanda moyo, idzathandizira pano. Kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwa zopera wamba, ngati simumakoka anthu ambiri, kumakula, ndipo, pamapeto, nthaka imayamba kutuluka kuchokera ku nkhono zambiri zomwe zimakhalamo.

Ndipo ogwiritsidwawo amatha pang'onopang'ono mwakachetechete pansi padziwe lamkati, akuchita ntchito yawo yabwino komanso nthawi yomweyo osavutitsa wakunyanja chifukwa chakuzindikira kwawo.

Kuwongolera manambala

Ngakhale ndi nkhono zambiri, melanias samapanga zambiri pamtunda wa aquarium biosystem. Nkhani yosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani yokongoletsa. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu sikumawoneka kokongola ndikuwononga mawonekedwe osungira.

Pofuna kuthamangitsa chalk, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Tsamba lophika la kabichi kapena peel ya nthochi yakuda limayikidwa pansi pamadzi. Usiku, nkhono zambiri zimakhala pamseru wachilendowu, pomwe zimachotsedwa m'madzi.
2. Mutha kuchotsa zochuluka kwambiri mwa kuletsa mathandizo. Ndikusowa kwa mpweya, nkhono zimakwawa kuchokera pansi ndikukhala pamwamba pomwe zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa popanda mavuto. Njira imeneyi imakhudza anthu ena okhala m'madzimo, chifukwa chake sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
3. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chalking ndi njira yachilengedwe. Kuti tichite izi, nsomba zamtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, ma tetradon, kapena nkhono zowoneka bwino, helen, zimayikidwa mu aquarium.

Palibe chifukwa chothamangira kuponyera nkhono kapena chimbudzi. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuyiyika mufiriji, pomwe pang'onopang'ono amagona. Zowonjezera zitha kutengedwera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto kapena kugawidwa kwa akatswiri ena am'madzi.

Zotsatira zake, maubwino awa okhala m'madzi am'madzi ambiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa kuvulazidwa ndi chonde chawo cha dziko lapansi. Melania ndi njira yabwino yoyendetsera dothi, ngakhale kuti ndi lovuta kwambiri, safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndikuchita ntchito yake mwakachetechete.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Osatengera kuti ndi olandila kapena alendo osaloledwa, ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake, kutengera kuchuluka kwa nkhono.

Ubwino wakukumba kwa aquarium:

• kukhetsa dothi, kupewa kufinya, mapangidwe a poizoni,
• idyani zowola tinthu tokhala ngati michere, ndikuwonjezera kukonda kwake chilengedwe.
• sinthani kufalikira kwa algae,
• kuyamwa calcium, kuchepetsa kuwuma kwamadzi,
• gill imasefa pathogenic protozoa, ndikupangitsa madzi kuwonekera kwambiri,
• kuyandama pansi, zindikirani woyang'anira zanyanjayo za kufunika koti kuyeretsa kotsalira m'malo osungira,
• kuthokoza chifukwa cha "mano" ambiri pakupera kupera chakudya, melania imatha kuchotsa miyala m'miyala ndikuyeretsa makhoma a aquarium.

Komabe, pali zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pamlingo wokulirapo ndi unyinji.

• Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa choko kumabweretsa chisokonezo ndikugwira ntchito kwina kwa anthu okhala mdera lochita kupanga,
• kubereketsa zinyama kudya mbewu zobzalidwa,
• nkhono nthawi zambiri zimafalitsa matenda ndi majeremusi,
• Zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pagulu lalikulu zimayipanso madzi. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimapitilira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatha kuyamwa.

Kubisa chalking - choti achite

Ngati nkhono zaleka mopitirira muyeso, zimatayika munjira zotsatirazi:

1. Asanagone, nyambo imayikidwa pansi pamadzi. Tsamba la kabichi, nkhaka zosenda kapena zucchini zizichita. Usiku, nkhono zimamatirira zamasamba mbali zonse. Chomwe chatsala ndikuchotsa msampha wamadzi ndikuwugubuduza. Peel ya nthochi imagwira ntchito moyenera, koma chopulumutsa cha msampha uwu ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu za nayitrogeni kudzachulukanso m'madzi okhala ndi uve.
2. Kutenga nthawi, koma kuyambitsanso ma aquarium kumatha. Mukatha kulumikiza nsomba kutsuka thankiyo, zokongoletsera, zomera. Choyeretsedwa ku zosayera ndikuwiritsa nthaka. Njira izi zimathandizira kuchotsa nkhomaliro ndi kudzipukula lokha.
3. Dziwe lanyumba'lo limadzala ndi zilombo, popeza adazinga nsomba zina zam'madzi kuchokera kwa anansi ankhanza. Ngakhale kuti chipolopolo chake chimakhala cholimba, maollamu ena amadya zotsekemera, komanso ma bots ndi ma tetradon. Pansi pa nsomba za nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi caviar. Adani achilengedwe osungunuka ndi nkhono za Helena.
4. Choyimira chikuzimitsidwa kwakanthawi, chomwe chimakakamiza nkhono kuti zibwerere, pomwe zimagwidwa ndi ukonde. Njira yothanirana ndi kuchuluka kwa melania ndi owopsa kwa anthu ena, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya womwe umasungunuka m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, nsomba, shrimp ndi nzika zina ziyenera kuziwitsidwa panthawi yosaka kupera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kulibe vuto. Ngakhale nsomba zitapulumuka, nkhono zakufa ziyenera kuchotsedwa pansi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha kapena kutsuka dothi.

Melania ndiwothandiza ku aquarium yaying'ono. Musanatsegule ma dollusk mu dziwe, muyenera kuunika zabwino ndi zovuta zake, mumvetsetse ngati zabwino zake ndizoyeserera kwa kuchuluka kwa manambala.