Pearl gourami (lat. Trichopodus leerii, yemwe kale anali Trichogaster leerii) ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zokongola kwambiri zam'madzi. Amphongo ndi okongola kwambiri panthawi yopanga, mitunduyo ikadzaza, ndipo m'mimba wofiyira komanso m'mero mumawala m'madzi ngati mbewu za poppy.
Izi ndi nsomba zodumphitsa, zimasiyana ndi nsomba zina chifukwa zimatha kupuma mpweya wakulengalenga. Ngakhale, monga nsomba zonse, zimamwa mpweya womwe umasungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa chazovuta zomwe zimakhalamo m'matumbo, chilengedwe chimawakwaniritsa ndi zida zapanja.
Nayo, nsomba imatha kupumira mpweya kuchokera pansi ndikupulumuka m'malo ovuta kwambiri. China chomwe chimapangitsa labyrinth ndikuti amapanga chisa cha chithovu, komwe udzu wawo umakula.
Komanso, nsomba zimatha kupanga mawu, makamaka mukamatulutsa. Koma zomwe zimalumikizidwa nazo sizinadziwikebe.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Adayamba kufotokozedwa koyamba ndi Bleeker mu 1852. Nsomba zakunyumba ku Asia, Thailand, Malaysia ndi zilumba za Sumatra ndi Borneo. Pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kumadera ena, mwachitsanzo? kupita ku Singapore ndi Colombia.
Pearl gourami adalembedwa kuti ali pangozi mu Buku Lofiira. M'madera ena, makamaka ku Thailand, anthu atsala pang'ono kusowa.
Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe komanso kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za anthu.
Masisitimu omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe samapezeka kugulitsidwa, ndipo zochuluka zimakhala nsomba kumafamu.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo otsika, m'malo otsetsereka ndi mitsinje, okhala ndi madzi acidic ndi masamba ambiri. Amadyetsa tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsomba, monga abale awo - anyani, ndikuti amatha kusaka tizilombo touluka pamadzi.
Amachita izi: nsomba imazira pansi, ikuyang'ana nyama. Chingwechi chikangofika, chimalowetsamo mtsinje wamadzi, ndikuugwetsa m'madzi.
Kufotokozera
Thupi ndi thupi lokwera, pambuyo pake loponderezedwa. Mphete zamkati ndi ma anal zimakhala zazitali, makamaka amuna.
M zipsepse zamkati ndi zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino kwambiri; amamva chilichonse chowazungulira ndi gourami.
Mtundu wakuda ndi wofiirira kapena bulauni, wokhala ndi madontho pomwe nsomba adadziyitanira.
Amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 12, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako m'madzimo, pafupifupi 8-10 cm. Ndipo zaka zoyambira zaka 6 mpaka 8 ndi chisamaliro chabwino.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Mtunduwu sukundika, umatha kukhala bwino mosiyanasiyana, umakhala nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka 8.
Idya chakudya chilichonse, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, imatha kudya hydra, yomwe imagwera mumadzi ndi chakudya.
Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu yomwe imatha kukhala m'madzi wamba ndi mitundu yambiri. Izi nsomba zimatha kukula mpaka 12 cm, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa - 8-10 cm.
Amakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo amawonetsa zizindikiritso zawo, kuzindikira mbuye wawo ndi wopeza chakudya.
Ngakhale kuti nsomba za ngale ndizokwanira, ndizamtendere komanso zodekha. Oyenera magawo ambiri am'madzi, koma akhoza kukhala amantha.
Pokonza muyenera kukhala ndi malo obzalamo ochepa omwe ali ndi malo osambira.
Kudyetsa
Omnivores, m'chilengedwe amadya tizilombo, mphutsi ndi zooplankton. Mu aquarium, imadya mitundu yonse yamadye - amoyo, achisanu, ochita kupanga.
Maziko azakudya atha kupangidwapo - chakudya, ma granules, ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo zakudya zowonjezera zidzakhala chakudya kapena mazira - magazi, coronetra, machubu, artemia.
Amadya chilichonse, chokhacho ndikuti nsomba zimakhala ndi kamwa yaying'ono, ndipo sizingameze zakudya zazikulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amatha kudya hydra. Hydra ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kokhala m'mimba kamene kali ndi poizoni.
M'madzimo, amatha kusaka mwachangu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Mwachilengedwe, alendo oterewa ndi osayenera ndipo gurus ithandiza kuthana nawo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Mwa mitundu yonse ya gourami, ngale ndiyabwino kwambiri. Komabe, pazomwe sizafunikira chilichonse chapadera, zinthu zabwino zokha.
Malo okhala ma aquariamu okhala ndi kuwala kofewa ndizoyenera. Nsomba zimakonda madzi apakatikati ndi apamwamba.
Nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kulimidwa mu malita 50, koma achikulire amafunikira kale malo owetera, makamaka kuchokera pamalita 100.
Ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho ndi madzi am'madzi azigwirizana monga momwe kungathekere, chifukwa ma gouram amapuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga, ndiye kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu amatha kuwononga zida za labyrinth.
Kutentha nthawi zonse ndikofunikanso, anthu okhala kumayiko ofunda salekerera madzi ozizira.
Kusanjikiza ndikofunikira, koma ndikofunikira kuti pakhale palibe wamphamvu, nsomba ngati madzi abata. Mtundu wa dothi ulibe kanthu, koma amawoneka bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a dothi lakuda.
Pansanja, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zambiri, ndikuyandamitsa mbewu pamtunda. Sakonda kuwala kowala komanso amanyazi pawokha.
Ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa madzi kudera la 24-28 ° C, asinthane ndi ena onse. Koma ndikwabwino kuti acidity ili mumtundu wa pH 6.5-8.5.
Kugwirizana
Amtendere kwambiri, ngakhale ndikutuluka, komwe kumayerekeza bwino ndi abale awo, mwachitsanzo, gourami yamwala. Koma nthawi yomweyo ali amantha ndipo amatha kubisala mpaka kukhazikika.
Komanso, sakhala amoyo kwambiri pakudya, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti akupeza chakudya.
Khalani bwino ndi nsomba zina zamtendere. Oyandikana nawo abwino ali ofanana kukula ndi momwe amakhalira ndi nsomba, koma kumbukirani kuti mitundu ina ya gourami imatha kukhala yankhanza kwa abale awo.
Scalaria imatha kukhala oyandikana nawo abwino, ngakhale atakhala ndi vuto linalake.
Ndi abambo ndizotheka kusunga, koma osadziwika komanso osasamala, angatsatire ngale yamanyazi, choncho ndi bwino kupewa oyandikana nawo.
Lumikizanani bwino ndi neon, parsing ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono.
Ndizotheka kukhala ndi shrimp, koma pokhapokha zazikuru zokwanira, yamatcheri ndi neocardines amawonedwa ngati chakudya.
Sadzadya zipatso zambiri, koma ngati mumayikira, ndibwino kuti musaziphatikize.
Kuswana
Kubala nkosavuta. Mukutuluka, amuna amadzakuwonekera pamaso panu ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino, wokhala ndi khosi lofiira ndi m'mimba.
Komanso pofalikira, amuna amakangana ndi omwe amawatsutsa.
Kunja kumafanana ndewu ndi kupsompsonana kwa gourami, pomwe awiri awiri amagwirana kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako ndikusambira pang'ono pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Asanakhazikike, banja limadyetsedwa chakudya chambiri, nthawi zambiri, mkazi yemwe amakhala kuti wakula amawonda. Banja limabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja yabwino, yobiriwira bwino, yokhala ndi galasi lamadzi ambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Kuchulukitsa komweko kumachokera ku malita 50, makamaka kuwirikiza kawiri, popeza kuchuluka kwa madzi mkati mwake kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kotero kuti ndi pafupifupi 10 mpaka 13 cm. Magawo a madzi - pH pafupifupi 7 ndi kutentha kwa 28C.
Zomera zoyandama, mwachitsanzo, ricchia, zimayenera kuyikidwa pamadzi kuti nsomba zizitha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chida pomanga chisa.
Wamphongo wayamba kupanga chisa. Zikakonzeka, masewera a chibwenzi amayamba. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano kuti asawasokoneze kapena kuwawopsa, nsomba zimakhala zofewa kuposa mitundu ina ya gourami.
Wamphongo amasamalira mkazi, ndikumuyitanira kuchisa. Atasambira, mwamunayo am'kumbatira ndi thupi lake, kufinya mazira ndi kumugoneka pomwepo. Masewerawa ndi opepuka kuposa madzi ndipo amatuluka, koma champhongo chimagwira ndikuchiyika mchisa.
Pakangodzala kamodzi, wamkazi amatha kumeza mazira 2000. Atatalika, yaikazi imatha kusiyidwa, chifukwa yamphongo siyimulondola, koma ndibwino kumubzala, ngakhale atachita ntchito yake.
Wamphongo amayang'anira ndi kusamalira chisa mpaka mwachangu. Mphutsi zimaswa pakatha masiku awiri, ndipo pambuyo pa zina zitatuzi nsomba zimayamba kusambira.
Kuyambira pano, champhongo chimatha kuchotsedwa, chifukwa chimatha kuwononga mwachangu kuyesera kubwezeretsa chisa. Fryayo amadyetsedwa ndi infusoria ndi microworm mpaka amatha kudya artemia nauplia.
Nthawi yonseyi, madzi azikhala pafupifupi 29C. Mu malo osungirako zinyalala ndi mwachangu, ndikofunikira kukonza phokoso lamadzi lofooka, mpaka pomwe silipanga zida zama laboratinth, ndipo limayamba kukwera kumbuyo kwa mlengalenga.
Kuyambira pano, madzi mu aquarium akhoza kuwonjezereka, ndipo aeration amatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kulemala. Malek imakula msanga, koma mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi cholinga chopewa cannibalism pamafunika kukonzedwa.
Mtundu
Poyerekeza ndi thupi la nsombayo, matumba amaumbidwa ndi ngale. Zipsepse ziwiri za branchial, dorsal ndi caudal, zimapereka chithunzi cha zipse za tulle ndipo zimakhala ndi ngale yofanana ndi thupi. Pakutuluka, utoto wamtunduwu umakhala wonenepa, madontho a ngale amakhala ndi kuwala kowala - "burn".
Male gourami amuna amakhala ndi khosi lowala lalanje ndi chifuwa cham'mbuyo komanso khofi wa bulauni. Mukatulutsa, gawo lotsika la gill limaphimba, chifuwa chonse ndi anal, musanayambe kumera, mutenge utoto wofiira.
Kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumunsi kwa caudal fin gourami kumayendetsa gawo lakuda. Zachikazi zimakongoletsedwa kwambiri osati zachikazi, koma zachikazi ndizotsala kuposa chachimuna.
Thupi
Mu pearl gourami, mbali, ziphuphu ndi ma fins zimasindikizidwa kwambiri pambuyo pake, ngati mawonekedwe owongoza, ndipo zipsepse zimakhala zazikulu. Kutalika kwamphongo ndi pafupifupi 11 masentimita, chachikazi ndi chocheperako. Pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka aquarium, sizidutsa 8-10 cm kutalika.
Zipsepse
Dorsal male ndi okwera, okwera kwambiri. Tip ndi yoloza. Mwa akazi, ndizofupikitsa komanso kozungulira. Zipsepse zamkati ndizitali, zopota. Amawaluka kukhala ulusi woonda ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsomba ngati ma tententi oyamba omwe amamva ngati ali patsogolo pawo.
Zoyenera kumangidwa: Mitundu ya aquarium kuchokera pa malita 60 a gourami ya 6-8. Madzi: dH4-20, pH6-7.8; kutentha 24-28 ° С. Chakudya: chamoyo (daphnia ndi ma crustaceans ena, ma cellwmagazi), chimanga, zakudya zam'mera.
Zophatikiza ndi Zosiyanasiyana
Mitunduyo imakhala yophatikiza ndi ma gouras owoneka. Albino mawonekedwe a ngale ya gourami adapangidwanso.
Okonda ku Moscow adatha kudutsa ngale ya gourami (yamphongo) ndi gourami (wamkazi). Zophatikiza zimakhala ndi thupi loyera, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera popanda ngale. Ma anal fin amakhala ndi mawanga owala a lalanje, mchirawo ndi zoyera. Mafuta awa ndi okongoletsa chidwi.
Mitundu
Mitundu ya maselo
- Zotsatira za ma nucleotide omwe asungidwa munkhokweEntrezNucleotide, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 7 (kuyambira pa febru 18, 2015).
- Zotsatira za mapuloteni osungidwa osungidwa Msangalatsi, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 3 (kuyambira pa febru 18, 2015).
Mayendedwe
Pearl Gurami ndi chithunzi cha labyrinth, chomwe sichiyenera kuyiwalika panthawi yoyendera. Mwanjira ina, mpweya ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa iye. Madzi mu tank mu mayendedwe sayenera kupitirira theka. Ngati ulendowu wakonzekera kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kumazungulira panthawiyi ndi nsomba. Kwa nthawi yayitali, osatseka chidebe!
Nsomba za Gurami Pearl aquarium ndizopusa pang'ono pazomwe zili. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi kuchokera pa malita 60, ngati tikulankhula za moyo wabata wa oyimira asanu ndi awiri amtunduwu pakati pawo. Chofunika kwambiri kuti akazi atatu asiye amuna amphongo. Chophimba cha aquarium sichiyenera kutseka mwamphamvu, ndipo danga lomwe likhale pansi pake liyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Aquarium iyenera kutsekedwa, apo ayi pali mwayi woti pakhale mpweya wozizira, ndipo nsomba imatha kugwira chimfine. Kuwala kozungulira nsomba kumayenera kukhala kowala kwambiri,
Panthaka yopezeka m'madzimo, mchenga wowuma bwino ndi wangwiro. Thirani makamaka zigawo. Silting sayenera kupitilira muyeso wamba.
Mphepo zamkati ndi zopangika ndizoyenera ngati mbewu, kubisala momwe Ngale ya Gurami imadzimva kukhala yotetezeka. Koma malo osambira ayenera kukhalapo. Zomera zotere zimatha kukhala elodea kapena pini. Ngati mukufuna kuyika mbewu pamtunda, ndibwino kuzilimbitsa kuzilumba zazing'ono.
Zambiri za kutentha zimasiyana, potengera momwe nsomba zamtunduwu zimapangidwira. Malo abwino kwambiri kukhalapo kwawo adzakhala kutentha kwa madzi osachepera 24 digiri. Kupanda kutero, nsomba imatha kudwala. Kuchokera pamenepa ziyenera kuchitika kuti kukonza ndi chisamaliro kumafuna kupezeka kwa chotenthetsera chamadzi chidebe ndi Pearl Gourami.
Ponena za kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina, zovuta zina zingabuke apa. Ngale za Gurami palokha zimathandizira kwambiri kuzoloera zatsopano ndi oimira amtundu wina. Koma anangula awo, amakumbukira kwambiri mphutsi yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma, amatha kusewera nthabwala yoyipa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda zam'madzi zamtchire. Kupanda kutero, nsomba zokhazika 2-3 zokha zomwe zingakhale oyandikana nawo malo okhala.
Chakudya chizikhala chochepa. Lamulo ili silinganyalanyazidwe posunga pelescent Gourami.
Kuswana
Mutuwu ndiwotsimikiza kwambiri, choncho uyenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi. Nthawi zambiri, kuswana kunyumba kwamtundu wamtunduwu sikusiyana kwambiri ndi ena, koma zinthu zina zimachitikabe. Ngati kutentha kwa aquarium kumakwezedwa, koma kutulutsa kungachitike mwachindunji pamenepo. Izi ndizovunda chifukwa chodya ana monga mitundu ina ya nsomba, ndipo makamaka Pearl Gourami eni.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kubereka kwa nsomba izi kuyenera kuchedwetsedwa kufikira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yachilimwe, chifukwa ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe sipadzakhala zovuta zina ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Mfundo yake imatengedwa mkati mwa sabata pomwe abambo akufunika kudzipatula kwa azimayi. Kukhazikika kwakanthawi kumatengera kudyetsa chakudya chamoyo chokhacho. Dangalo lokha lokha liyenera kuchitika m'matanki okhala ndi malita 40, ndikukhala ndi mchenga, momwe "zotetezedwa" zingapo mwanjira yamiyala kapena zinthu zina zidzapezekanso. Kukhalapo kwa masamba wandiweyani kumafunikanso. Kuti wamwamuna amange chisa, ndikofunikira kuyika mtolo wazambiri pamwamba. Galasi la aquarium liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pepala, lomwe lingapewe mantha ndi nsomba, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatha kuwononga ana onse. Ubwino wamadzi pawokha uyenera kukhala wokwera kwambiri momwe mungathere.
Kudzilimira lokha kumakhudzidwa pomwe kutentha kwamadzi kukwera mpaka 28 madigiri. Imakhala mumtsuko momwe mwamunayo amayenera kuyikidwa, ndipo patapita kanthawi (maola 4-6) wamkazi amayitanidwa. Kenako yamphongo imapeza mtundu wowala, pambuyo pake imatengedwa kuti imange chisa pogwiritsa ntchito thovu ndi mpweya. Izi zimatenga pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Yaikazi panthawiyi imayang'ana patali, osatenga nawo mbali pantchito yomangayi.
Pambuyo pomanga chisa, njonda imapempha dona kuti atuluke. Iye, ngati dona weniweni, samavomera nthawi yomweyo. Kenako woyendetsa njirayo amapeza chibwenzi mwachangu powonetsa mtundu wake wabwino. Mapeto, mkaziyo amavomera. Njirayi imatenga maola awiri, pomwe wamkazi amatulutsa mazira opitilira mazana awiri, omwe bambo wam'tsogolo adzabereka. Pambuyo pake, amaika mazira mosamala m'mabowo pakati pa thovu mu chisa. Njira yatha. Kupitilira apo, kulowa kwa amuna kukhala abambo kukupitilizabe. Ndi izi, dona samaloledwa kuchita nawo izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake wamkazi ayenera kugwidwa ndi kudzipatula kwa njonda ndi ana awo amtsogolo.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku awiri. Munthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imayenera kufa ndi njala, kotero kuti mwachangu itayamba, imatha kukwiya. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kuchotsedwa kwa mbewu mwachangu.
Anawo akasiyidwa okha, madziwo ayenera kutsitsidwa mpaka masentimita 10 ndikuonetsetsa kuti akukhalabe m'derali kwa masiku 21. Nthawi imeneyi, maze amayamba kupanga mwachangu.M'masiku asanu oyamba, mwachangu amafunika fumbi labwino kwambiri kapena mabala.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuchepetsa kutentha kumatheka pokhapokha mwezi ndi theka!
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi zonse, mwachangu amakula mwachangu komanso popanda zolemetsa.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa
- Amayi a-Pearl Gurami amatha kusaka tizilombo tozungulira pamadzi. Chifukwa chaichi, nsombayo, ikaona nyama yake, imazizirira kwakanthawi. Tizilomboti tikakwanitsa kufika, madzi amatuluka, momwe Ngaleyo ya Gurami imatenthera, ndikuigwetsa m'madzi.
- Gourami wofunitsitsa kudya hydra. Zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi ma tentpent ndi poizoni zimatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono komanso mwachangu. Pearly Gurami adzakhala wotetezera wabwino pazinthu zoterezi.
- Chosangalatsa: Gourami interspecific sakonda kupeza chilankhulo wamba pakati pawo kuposa mitundu ina ya nsomba. Komabe, pali lingaliro kuti amafunika nthawi yambiri kuti azolowere anansi atsopano, chifukwa mwachilengedwe iwo ndianthu amanyazi kwambiri.
- Panthawi yopanga mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwawo. Amakula mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kwa anthu akulu akulu angathe kukhala oyenera.
- Kusamalira mosamalitsa ndikuyang'anira ndikofunikira ndi Ngale za Gurams. Ngati mukupeza nsomba yomwe mawonekedwe ake pachifukwa chilichonse amakukayikirani, iyenera kuyiyika mwachangu mu chiwiya china. Tsoka ilo, ngale zimakonda kuthana ndi matenda kuposa ena, koma palibe chifukwa chofotokozera za kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'gululi.
- Ponena za kusasamala kwa nsomba izi, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa kunyowa kwawo kwapadera ndi kuperewera konse kovutikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kudzaza m'madzi am'madzi ndi wandiweyani komanso zomera zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti nsomba imve kukhala yotetezeka, chifukwa zonse zomwe zimatha kuwopa nsombazo: kusuntha mwadzidzidzi kunja kwa malo am'madzi, kusintha kowonjezereka kwambiri pakuwunikira, kuwonekera kwa oyandikana nawo osafunikira, komanso ngakhale njira yodyetsera!
- Matenda angapo omwe pearly Guram imawululidwa: bowa, nyongolotsi, ma ciliates, ma virus. Momwe mungadziwire: thupi limakutidwa ndi kutupira pang'ono, mkati mwake momwe mabala amakhudzidwa, kupezeka kwa malo akuda thupi, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, chiwonetsero cha chidwi ndi kusafuna kusuntha, kukonda kusambira kaya pansi kapena kokha pansi, kutupa kwamimba kwambiri ndikothekanso. Tsoka ilo, atazindikira kuti nsomba zikuuma, munthu akhoza kulankhula molimba mtima za kukhalapo kwa chifuwa chachikulu, koma nsomba yotere siyingapulumutsidwe.
- Zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo chakudya chouma ndi chamoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi zosakaniza za chomera ndikofunikira.
- Mapangidwe a peyala yopangira kuwaza ayenera kuchitika mwachilengedwe. Wodekha yekha ayenera kusankha bwenzi, apo ayi atha kukhala ndi vuto kupeza amodzi.
- Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kusamalira nsomba kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka chaka, ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kutulutsa. Mukachiphonya, ndiye kuti mwina sipadzakhalanso ana mtsogolo.
Pomaliza
Pearl Gurams ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa zomwe zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi pamadzi aliyense wam'madzi. Mutha kugulanso nsomba zofananazi m'masitolo ambiri azinyama. Mtengo wake umachokera ku ma ruble 50. Mutha kusamukira kumalo operekera ngakhale mu chikwama cha sangweji, koma kokha ngati ndi nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kochepa, ikani Ngale ya Gurami mu thermos ndikukulunga ndi thaulo lotentha. Pofika kunyumba, amakakamizika kuyikamo nsomba m'malo omwe amadzisankhira okha. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali nsomba zina za m'madzi. Mwina mnansi wawo watsopanoyo sanamve. Chifukwa chake, kumuyika iye mu "kudzipatula", munthu amatha kuwona mtundu wake, mawonekedwe ake ndi chidwi chake. Ngati mikhalidwe yonse ya moyo wake wathanzi yasungidwa, ndiye kuti mutha kumuwonetsa bwinobwino kwa anzanu.
Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi am'madzi amati Ngale ya Gurami sigwirizana ndi mitundu yofananira, mwachitsanzo, ndi Gurami Marble. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chamtundu wina wopikisana. Zabwino koposa zonse, Gurami Pearlescent amakhala limodzi ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwawo. Koma ngakhale atha kuyambitsa zovuta zazing'ono pamlomo wapamwamba wa Pearl of the Gurams kapena kuwawitsa nsombazo, ndipo mantha ndi kupsinjika ndikumawononga.
Pazonse, kukonza ngale ndi Gurami sikovuta kwenikweni. Chofunikira kumvetsetsa apa ndikuti ndi cholengedwa, chomwe, ngati mphaka ndi galu, chimasowa zakudya zabwino, malo abwino ozungulira komanso panthawi yomwe chisamaliro chimaperekedwa. Ndikusamalidwa bwino, nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 8, kubala bwino. Chofunikira ndikuwawasamalira, chifukwa alipo ochepa kwambiri omwe atsala!
Zolemba za kupuma kwamthupi
Izi nsomba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka kupuma. Amafuna mpweya wam'mlengalenga. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira mawonekedwe awa a kapangidwe ka nsomba panthawi yomwe amayendetsa - kuchokera kumalo ogulitsa ziweto kupita ku aquarium yakunyumba. Kupatula apo, mukasiya chiweto kwa nthawi yayitali popanda mpweya, ndiye kuti chitha kufa. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ponyamula, dzazani theka la chidebecho ndi madzi ndikutsegula nthawi ndi nthawi, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukuyenda.
Magawo amadzi
Magawo oyenera amadzi nthawi zonse amatsimikizika potengera ndi momwe nsomba zimayambira, machitidwe awo komanso kutengera chilengedwe. Pearl gourami iyenera kusungidwa m'madzi okhala ndi magawo otsatirawa:
- Acidity - 6.3 - 7.2 pH,
- Kuuma - 12-15
- Kutentha - 25 - 28 ° С.
Aquarium
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba izi zimabzalidwa zochuluka 6 - 8 zidutswa. Chiwerengero choyenera chikhale cha akazi atatu mwa amuna. Chifukwa chake, nsomba za m'madzi ziyenera kukhala zabwino kukhala ndi nsomba zambiri - malita 50.
Muyenera kuphimba aquarium ndi chivindikiro chagalasi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba zimakonda kudumphadumpha mosungira madzi. Komanso, chivundikirocho chimagwira ngati chotchinga pakati pa madzi ndi mpweya wapanyumba. Popeza mpweya mu nyumbayi ndi wocheperako kuposa madzi am'madzi, popanda chivundikiro umatha kuzizira mofulumira ndikukhala osayenera kukhala moyo. Koma sungatseke chivundikirocho kwathunthu - payenera kukhala kusiyana kwa masentimita 5-7.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Maonekedwe a nsombayi ndiosavuta kudziwa kuti ndi galu uti.
Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi, ali ndi mtundu wowala komanso zipsepete zamkati.
Palinso chinthu china chomwe chimadziwika kokha kwa mtundu wamtunduwu: khosi lamphongo limakhala lofiira, khosi la mkazi ndi lalanje. Kusiyana kumeneku kumawonedwa ngakhale paubwana, koma ndi kukula kwa nsomba, kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri chaka chilichonse.
Matenda
Pearl gourami amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo samakhala ndi vuto lotenga matenda. Komabe, amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi, chifukwa chake akatsika, chitetezo chofooka chimachepa, ndipo chiopsezo chodwala chikuwonjezeka.
Matenda onse a nsomba izi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: opatsirana komanso osatengera. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimalipidwa kwa asodzi omwe adagulidwa kumene. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa kumalo osungirako zinyalala kwa milungu iwiri itatha, kuti awunikire momwe akuchitira ndi thanzi, osatinso mwangozi kuti apatsidwe matendawa.
Pearl gourami samatetezeka kumatenda ofala monga ichthyophthyroidism, lymphocystosis, pseudomonosis, aeromonosis. Matenda onsewa amatha kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiro wamba:
- Momwe nsomba imasalira,
- Kulakalaka kumachepa kapena kutayika,
- Mizere imawoneka pa thupi (yokhala ndi ichthyophthyroidism) kapena ma abscesses,
- Mimba imatupa.
Kupewa matenda
Monga matenda ambiri a nsomba, matendawa amatha kupewedwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro cha ziweto. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Yembekezerani njira yodyetserayo osati kudya nsomba,
- Sungani kutentha kwamadzi kosatha mu aquarium osatsika kuposa 26 ° С,
- Osachepetsa kapena kuwonjezera kuuma ndi acidity yapakatikati,
- Sangalatsani bwino malo ndi nthaka.
- Osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chomwe mwasonkhanitsa - matenda atha kupezeka mwa iwo.
Pearl gourami ndi nsomba yodekha yomwe imakongoletsa aquarium iliyonse ndi kukhalapo kwake. Chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo onse omusamalira komanso kumvetsera kwa munthu yemwe amakhala mosungira. Kenako amathokoza mbuye wake ndi thanzi komanso moyo wautali!
Kwawo
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku India, Thailand. Amakhala kuzilumba za Sumatra, Borneo, Java ndi zilumba ziwiri za Indochina ndi Malay. Mwachilengedwe, ngale, kupsompsonana ndi mwezi wa gourami ndizofala.
Usodzi wa nsomba ndi woimira wamkulu wa mitundu yake ndipo amadziwika kwambiri ku Great Sunda Islands. Sichikupangidwira kuswana mu aquarium chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, monga kutalika kwake kumafika 60 cm.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu wafika pachiwopsezo, motero, kunyumba, amatetezedwa ndikulembedwa ku Red Book.
Gourami amakhala m'madzi oyenda komanso osayenda. Chifukwa cha kupuma kwa mpweya, ndizosavuta kulekerera kukhala m'madziwe oyipitsidwa, oyima, ma dziwe ndi m'madziwe.
Zochita kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mwa mitundu yambiri, mitundu yodziwika ndi iyi:
- Kupsopsona. Dziko lakwawo ndi Thailand. Nsomba idalandira dzinali chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kamakamwa. Akamagundana ndi milomo yake, amapanga mawu apadera ngati kupsompsona.
- Ngale ya Gourami ndiye mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena onse. Mtundu wa nsombazo umafanana ndi fumbi la ngale.
- Wofalikira, wopezeka kwambiri ku Vietnam ndi Thailand. Itha kukhala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ili ndi mawonekedwe abata.
- Wokondedwa. Kwawo ndi India. Mtundu wa nsombayo ndi wachikasu.
- Blue amakhala pachilumba cha Sumatra. Dzinali linachokera ku mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umayamba kutuluka kwambiri.
- Mitundu yofiyira ndi golide idasinthidwa ndi obereketsa. Amakhala ovuta kwambiri, samatha kukhala momasuka pamndende komanso amakhala ndi nthawi yofupikira.
Nkhani yopezeka
M'zaka za XX, mtundu wa ngale umapezeka ndi wasayansi wochokera ku France, a Pierre Carbonier, omwe adaphunzira nkhani zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'malo otentha ndipo adagwira nawo ntchito yogawa gourami ngati mtundu wa aquarium. Koma apa panali mavuto. Kunyumba, nsomba zinkakhala mumakola, m'minda ya mpunga. Madziwo anali mwauve, osasunthika komanso amatope. Pankhani imeneyi, malingaliro adafalikira za kupirira kwakukulu ndi mphamvu za nsomba. Koma sizotheka kubweretsa kamodzi kapena kawiri ku Old World, nsomba zidafa panjira. Pambuyo pakulephera kwina, kufufuza ndi kuyesa kuyendetsa zinayima, ndipo chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwakukulu chinapezeka pokhapokha zaka 20.
Chochita chachikulu pa ngale ya gourami ndikufunika kupuma kwamlengalenga. Hafu yokha yamadzi ndiyomwe idayamba kutsanuliridwa mchombo mu 1896, kenako zidayamba kunyamula nsomba yoyamba kupita ku Europe. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha A. S. Meshchersky, mtunduwu udawonekeranso ku Russia. Anali munthu wam'madzi wodziwika bwino nthawi imeneyo, yemwe adagula gurus kuchokera kwa Pierre Carbonier iyemwini.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso machitidwe
Ndipo ngakhale mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi chilengedwe chake, udakali wamanyazi. Pakakhala zoopsa, pezani malo okhala mwala, miyala ndi maenje ang'onoang'ono. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, moyo wa akazi ndi zaka 12, amuna 14 zaka. Kutha msinkhu kumayambira pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Mukatulutsa, imapanga mawu olemba. Kuphatikiza apo, gourami ngaleyo amazindikira mbuye wake kapena anthu omwe amadyetsa iye.
Popeza mkamwa mwa nsomba ndi ochepa kwambiri, muyenera kugula zakudya zazing'ono. Chakudya chimayenera kuperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku.
- Live feed. Magazi aang'ono, ma coronet, tinthu, ma daphnia ndi ogulidwa bwino, kapena mawwworm, ma mvula, mphere ndi ma microworms ndi abwino kwa iwo. Kwa achinyamata, brine shrimp ndi yoyenera.
- Zakudya zozizira. Gourami amadya chifuwa chilichonse chaching'ono. Tubule, chimfine cha magazi, rasipiberi, ma cyclops, microplankton, massels wosweka kapena shrimp.
- Chakudya chowuma. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera zakudya zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi carotenoids zomwe zimathandizira kukonza mtundu wa nsomba.
- Zogulitsa kuchokera pagome la anthu. Gourami adzakondwera kudya shrimp ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Sayenera kupatsidwanso kangapo pa sabata. Zakudya zamtunduwu zamtunduwu ndi tchizi chokoleti, chomwe kale chidali, tchipisi cha nyama ndi tchizi. Kudyetsa nsomba ndi zinthu zotere sikofunika kuposa nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri.
- Zakudya zopangidwa ndi anthu. Chakudya chitha kupangidwa ndi inu nokha. Tsopano pali maphikidwe ambiri, kuphatikiza nsomba za labyrinth. Nthawi zambiri zakudya izi zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, motero kuyesa kumakhala kovuta.
Si onse gourami omwe angadye zakudya zomwe zili pamwambapa. Mitundu yaying'ono siyingafanane ndi chakudya chokulirapo, pomwe nsomba siziidya zakudya zosaneneka.
Mawonekedwe
Pearl gourami ndi nsomba labyrinth okhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Thupi losalala, lotiwombeka pang'ono kumbali. Kutengera kuti wamkazi ndi wamwamuna kapena wamwamuna, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 14 cm. Izi ndi:
- Mtundu wowonekera bwino wa Thoracic pafupifupi suwonongeka. Amayamba pakati pa thupi ndikufika kumapeto.
- M zipupa zamkati ndi ulusi, ichi ndiye chinthu chonyansa.
- Anal Imayamba kuchokera pa anus kupita kumunsi kwa mchira.
- Mchira wake umakhala ngati foloko yamaso-awiri.
Kuti mumvetse mkazi kapena wamwamuna, mutha kuyang'ana kukula kwa zipsepse. Amuna, amakhala motalika kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowala, yomwe imachulukana.
Ngale ya Gurami yatchulidwa motero chifukwa cha masamba ang'ono oyera oyera omwe ali pathupi, omwe amafanana ndi ngale. Dera lam'mimba ndi chifuwa ndi mitundu yamakorali, ndipo kumbuyo ndikobiriwira. M'malo ena, masikelo amatha kukhala siliva wakuda, red-violet hue. Pathupi la nsomba mutha kuwona mzere wakuda womwe umayamba kumutu ndikufika mchira.
Mtunduwu uli ndi zake zachilendo. Amafuna mpweya. Izi ndizofunikira kuziganizira mukamayendetsa gourami. Ngati nsomba yasiyidwa yopanda moya kwa nthawi yayitali, imfa. Chifukwa chake, chidebe chimadzaza ndi theka la madzi ndikuwtsegulira nthawi ndi nthawi, kupatsa mwayi mpweya wabwino.
Kusagwirizana bwino
- Ma bar
- Cockerels
- Nsomba za parrot
- Goldfish
- Anzeru,
- Discus
- Shirimp
- Piranhas.
Gurus imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi scalaria ndi pecilia. Amatha kuyanjana ndi guppies, amasula. Zosagwirizana kwathunthu ndi cockerels, astronotus, shrimp, piranha, goldfish.
Matenda
Nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zimakhala ndi mndandanda wa matenda omwe amabadwa nawo. Zinali choncho ndi ngaleyo. Nsomba imodzi yodwala imatha kupatsira onse okhala m'madzi am'madzi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti zizikhala zabwino ndikuwunika thanzi lanu. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zimayamba kudwala chifukwa chovulala chomwe chimaperekedwa panthawi ya mayendedwe, kusintha kwa kutentha, magawo osavomerezeka amadzi mu aquarium, chisamaliro chosauka komanso chakudya chofunikira.
Matenda ofala a guramu guramas ndi:
Lymphocystosis
Ichi ndi kachilomboka komwe kamalowa mamba ka nsomba ndikusintha ma cell a mucous membrane. Zikopa zimawoneka pakhungu la nsomba, zomwe zimatha kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo. Dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo limachulukirachulukira pakapita nthawi, kenako limang'ambika ndipo kachilomboka kamayamba kufalikira m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka m'mipikisano, kenako zimawonekera m'malo ena.
Pseudomoniasis
Ichi ndi chilonda chopweteka chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a gulu la pseudomonad. Amagwera m'madzi amadzimadzi ndi nyama zodwala, dothi ndi zomera. M'munthu wodwala, madera amdima amapanga masikelo, omwe amakula kukhala zilonda zam'magazi. Nsomba yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka imasungidwa mchidebe chomwe mulibe mbewu. Mankhwala, potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchepetsa 0,5 magalamu a mankhwalawa pa malita 10 a madzi ndikusiyira nsomba m'malo amenewa kwa mphindi 15.Ngati palibe chidebe kapena dambo la m'madzi, mankhwalawa amachitika mothandizidwa ndi bicillin 5, 500,000 IU ya mankhwala pa malita 100 amadzi. Njirayi imabwerezedwa maulendo 6, mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, yopuma tsiku limodzi iyenera kutengedwa.
Aeromoniosis
Awa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi bacterium Aeromonos punctata, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawoneka m'madzi ozizira, ozizira. Nsomba zodwala zimakana chakudya, zimayenda pang'ono ndikugona pansi. Zipsepse ndi thupi ndizaphimbidwa ndimabala amwazi, ndipo m'mimba mumatupa.
Matendawa sikuti opatsirana, komanso ovuta kuwachiritsa. Nsomba zodwala zimaphedwa, ndipo m'madzimo mumapezeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira yapadera.