Yemwe angayimire zazing'ono kwambiri: kutalika kwa thupi ndi 2.5-4 m, kulemera kumafikira 600 kg. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa thupi (kwamphongo komwe kumachitika mu Nyanja Yofiirayo) kunali 5.8 m.Dimorphism inafotokozedwa: Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.

Mutu wongokhala umadutsa m'mimba yayikulu yozungulira, yomwe imamalizika ndi mtengo wopendekera kumene. Mchira wake ndi wosiyana ndi mchira wa manatees ndipo umafanana ndi mchira wa cetaceans: mabowo ake awiri amapatukana ndi notch yakuya. Kutsogolo kumaso kunasandulika zipsepse zosinthika ngati zipsepse 35-45 masentimita .. Ndi mafupa okhaokha amchifuwa obisika m'misempha omwe adatsalira kuchokera kumapeto. Khungu limakhala loyipa, mpaka 2-2.5 cm wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi limodzi. Mtundu wake umayamba kuzimiririka ndi zaka, kukhala wotsogola kapena wowonerera, m'mimba amakhala opepuka.

Mutu ndi wocheperako, wozungulira, wokhala ndi khosi lalifupi. Palibe mauricles. Maso ndi ang'ono, owoneka bwino. Mphuno zimasunthidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma siren ena, okhala ndi mavuvu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Chizindikiro chimawoneka kuti chidula, chimatha ndi milomo yamatupi atakhazikika pansi. Mlomo wapamwamba umanyamula vibrissae wolimba ndipo umakhala wolumikizidwa pakati (ndi wolimba mwa achinyamata), kapangidwe kake kamathandiza dugong kusankha algae. Mlomo wapansi komanso gawo laling'ono lamkati limakutidwa ndi malo a keratinized. Ma dugong achichepere ali ndi mano pafupifupi 26: 2 ma incisors ndi ma 4-7 awiriawiri a molars kumtunda ndi kutsika kwapansi. Akuluakulu, magulu awiriawiri a molars amasungidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna, amuna amtundu wapamwamba amasintha kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri kuchokera m'mkamwa ndi masentimita 6-7. Ma molars ndi acylindrical, opanda enamel ndi mizu.

Mu chigaza cha dugong, mafupa ochulukitsa amakula kwambiri. Mafupa a Nasal palibe. Nsagwada yapansi inaŵerama. Bokosi laubongo ndi laling'ono. Mafupa a mafupa ndiopindika komanso olimba.

Kufalitsa

M'mbuyomu, mtunduwu unali wotalikirapo: ma dugong adalowa kumpoto kwa Western Europe [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1055]. Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, adakhala ngati chitsanzo pa mermaids nthano [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1055]. Pambuyo pake adangopulumuka kokha kudera lotentha la Indian ndi South Pacific: kuchokera ku Nyanja Yofiyira pafupi ndi gombe lakummawa kwa Africa, ku Persian Gulf, kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, pafupi ndi Mala Peninsula, North Australia ndi New Guinea, komanso kuzilumba zingapo za Pacific. Kutalika konse kwa ma dugongs amakono kukuyerekeza 140,000 km kwa gombe.

Pakadali pano, anthu ambiri ogulitsa (oposa 10,000) amakhala pafupi ndi Great Barrier Reef komanso ku Torres Strait. Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Kenya ndi Mozambique kwatsika kwambiri kuyambira m'ma 1970. M'mphepete mwa Tanzania, dugong yomaliza idawonedwa pa Januware 22, 2003, pambuyo pa hiatus wazaka 70. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kamapezeka ku Palau (Micronesia), pafupifupi. Okinawa (Japan) ndi Johor Strait pakati pa Malaysia ndi Singapore.

Moyo

Dugongs amakhala m'madzi ofunda a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo osaya ndi zonyanja. Nthawi zina amapita kunyanja, kupita kumadzi am'mitsinje. Amasungidwa pamwamba pa kuya kosaposa mamitala 10-20. Ntchito zambiri zimadyetsa, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa mafunde, osati ndi maola masana. Dugongs amabwera kudzadyetsa madzi osaya, m'matanthwe a coral ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja, mpaka akuya mamita 1-5. Chomwe amadya ndi zomera zam'madzi zochokera m'mabanja amitundu ndi zofiira zamadzi, komanso zam'madzi zam'madzi. Khwangwala ang'onoang'ono amapezekanso m'mimba zawo. Mukamadyetsa, 98% ya nthawi imakhala pansi pamadzi, pomwe "amadyetsa" kwa 1-3, nthawi yayitali ya mphindi 10-15, kenako amawonekera pamwamba kuti adzozedwe. Pansi nthawi zambiri "amayenda" pazipse zakumaso. Zomera zimang'ambika ndi milomo yapamwamba. Musanadye chomera, dugong nthawi zambiri imakhaza m'madzi, ndikugwedeza mutu wake kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali. Dugong imadya masamba 40 kg tsiku lililonse.

Amasungidwa okha, koma m'malo opangira zakudya amasonkhana m'magulu a 3-6 zolinga. M'mbuyomu, magulu a ma dugong mpaka mutu wambiri adadziwika. Amakhala makamaka atakhazikika, anthu ena amapanga kuyenda kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kutengera nyengo, kutengera kusinthasintha kwa madzi, kutentha kwa madzi ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya, komanso kupanikizika kwa anthropogenic. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, kutalika kwa maulendo osunthira, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi mazana ndi masauzande makilomita (1). Kuthamanga kwachizolowezi kumakhala mpaka 10 km / h, koma dugong yowopsa imatha kuthamanga mpaka 18 km / h. Ma dugong achichepere amasambira makamaka mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse zamakutu, akuluakulu amasambira ndi mchira.

Ma dugong nthawi zambiri amakhala chete. Kungosangalala komanso kuwopa, amaliza mluzu wakuthwa. Ng'ombe zimapanga mofuula kwambiri. Kuwona m'madugong sikumapangidwa bwino, kumva ndi kwabwino. Kugwira ntchito ndi koyipa kwambiri kuposa manatees.

Kuswana

Kulera kumapitilira chaka chonse, mosiyanasiyana mu nthawi yapamwamba m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mbawala zazimuna zimamenyera akazi pogwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo. Mimba mwina zimatha chaka. Pali zinyalala 1 mu zinyalala, kawirikawiri 2. Kubadwa kumachitika m'madzi osaya, wobadwa kumene kulemera kwa 20-30 kg ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 1-1.2 m, ndi mafoni. Mukamayenda, ana amakakamira kumbuyo kwa mayiyo, mkaka umayamwa pansi. Ana achikulirewo amasonkhana m'madzi osaya masana. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana.

Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga miyezi 12-18, ngakhale miyezi itatu itangoyamba kumene udugong amayamba kudya udzu. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 9-10, mwina pambuyo pake. Shaki zazikulu zimadyera zazing'ono zazing'ono. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chafika zaka 70.

Udindo wa anthu

Ma dugong amasakidwa nyama zomwe zimafanana ndi veal pomalawa, komanso mafuta, zikopa ndi mafupa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yopanga minyanga ya njovu. Mu zikhalidwe zina zaku Asia, ziwalo za dugong zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Kuchokera kwa nyama yolemera makilogalamu 200-300 alandire mafuta okwanira malita 24-56. Chifukwa chakudyedwa ndi malo okhala, dugong yakhala yosowa kwambiri kapena kuzimiririka pazambiri zake. Chifukwa chake, malingana ndi kuwerengera komwe kumakoka maukonde oyimbidwa ndi maukonde, kuchuluka kwake m'malo otukuka kwambiri, pagombe la Queensland, kutsika kuchoka pa mitu 72,000 mpaka 4,220 kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1999. (2)

Pakadali pano, usodzi wa dugong ndi woletsedwa ndi maukonde ndipo amachotseredwa m'mabwato. Migodi imaloledwa ngati chikhalidwe cha anthu wamba. Dugong adalembedwa mu Red Book la International Union for Conservation of Natural wokhala ndi "mitundu yosatetezeka" (Zowopsa).