Mdierekezi * Nsomba

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Kugonana kwa dimorphism muulemerero wake wonse. Zimawonetsera nsomba zamdierekezi. Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pansi pano, ngati kuti amachokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Akazi amafikira kutalika kwa mita 2 ndipo amakhala ndi nyali pamitu yawo.

Nyanja ya mdierekezi

Imawalira m'malire a madzi, kukopa nyama. Wamdyerekezi wazimuna nsomba masentimita 4, otayika chida chowunikira. Izi sizokhazi zomwe zimasangalatsa za cholengedwa cham'nyanja.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba za mdierekezi

Mdierekezi nsomba chithunzi zikuwoneka ngati zovuta. Ambiri amakwiya ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayo, yomwe anayifanizira ndi mdierekezi. Kuchokera muyezo nsomba zamdierekezi:

Thupi lolowa. Zinali ngati kuti zili pamwamba pake.
Mutu waukulu. Amakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nyama.
Monga kuti ndi thupi lozungulira patatu, mwachikoka ndikupopa kumchira.
Pafupifupi gill amatha kuwombera.
Pakamwa ponse kamene kamatseguka kuzungulira mutu wonse. Nsagwada yapamwamba ndiyofulumira kuposa wotsika. Yotsirizirayo imakankhidwira kutsogolo. Nsomba ili ndi zokhwasula-khwasula.
Mano ake ndi akuthwa komanso owongoka mkati.
Kusinthasintha ndi kusuntha kwa mafupa a chibwano. Zimasunthika pansi monga njoka, kupangitsa kuti kumezeameza kukulitsa kuposa msaki yekha.
Wamaso ang'ono, ozungulira komanso owoneka bwino. Amachepetsedwa mphuno, ngati chowuluka.
Awiri magawo omaliza. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mchira komanso zofewa. Gawo lakumapeto kwa finyo lili ndi nthiti 6 zowuma. Atatu a iwo apita kumutu wa nsombazo. Mbali yakutsogolo imasinthidwa kukhala nsagwada ndipo imakulira. Amatchedwa Eska, amakhala nyumba ya mabakiteriya oyatsa.
Kukhalapo kwa mafupa achikwama m'mapoma a pectoral. Izi pang'ono zimawapatsa ntchito ya mwendo. Adierekezi amasuntha pansi zipsepse pansi, kukwawa kapena kudumpha m'njira zachilendo. Kutha kusambira ziwanda zam'nyanja mulinso opanda. Nthaka zimathandizanso kukumba pansi, kubisala kuti asamayang'ane maso.

Mdyerekezi Wam'madzi wa Caspian

Mtundu wa nsomba umadalira malo. Nyama imadzizindikira yokha monga malo owonekera. Kuphatikizika ndi izi, mdierekezi samagwiritsa ntchito utoto wamtundu, komanso wopitilira thupi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imafanana ndi miyala ya coral, algae, miyala.

Habitat

Nsomba zonse ndi zozama zakuzama panyanja, koma mosiyanasiyana. Imodzi yakwanira mita 18. Ena amakwera mpaka pamtunda wa makilomita 2-3,5. Pafupipafupi, oyimira a genus amakhala:

malo otseguka a Nyanja ya Atlantic
Kumpoto Kakutali, Mipira ya Barents ndi Nyanja za Baltic
madzi a Japan, Korea ndi Russia Far East
kuya kwakunyanja kwa Pacific ndi Indian
Madzi a Nyanja Yakuda

Pokhala nsomba za pansi, ziwanda zam'nyanja "zimadya" zokondweretsa za madzi oyera komanso nyama yoyera. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe onyansa a nyama amaphatikizidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri.

Chiwanda komanso ziwanda zapansi pamadzi zimadziwika kuti ndizabwino. Mwachitsanzo, a ku Europe, akumukankhira mwamphamvu mwakuti mu 2017 kugulitsa mdierekezi adaletsedwa ku England kuti asunge nsomba.

Budegassa kapena Mdyerekezi wokhala ndi njoka

"Ziwanda" zakuya zonse zimakhala munyanja. Palibe ziwanda zamtsinje. Apa ndipamene pamapezeka nsomba. Nayi nkhani "Mdierekezi wa Mtsinje" pali. Bukuli lidalembedwa ndi Diana Whiteside. Wokonda zachikondi, akutiuza za wolemba zombo wina ku mtsinje wa Missouri.

Mitundu ya nsomba za Mdyerekezi

Gulu lalikulu la mitundu yamtunduwu limalumikizidwa ndi malo awo. Pali makalasi 7:

European monkfish. Anapeza nsomba yoyamba ya mdierekezi mu 1758. Imafika mita 2 kutalika. Kulemera kwake ndi kilogalamu 30. Mtundu wa oimira amtunduwu ndi wofiirira, wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira. Malo amdima amapezeka kumbuyo kwakukulu. Mimba ya nsomba ndiyoyera.
Budegassa kapena mdierekezi wakuda. Chimawoneka ngati cha ku Europe, koma mutu ndi wocheperako ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi lakuda. Komabe nsomba zamdierekezi zakuda yaying'ono kuposa wachibale waku Europe, imamera mpaka mita imodzi. Maganizo adatsegulidwa mu 1807.
Mdierekezi waku nyanja waku America. Yotsegulidwa mu 1837. Kutalika kwake, nsomba sizidutsa masentimita 120, zimalemera mpaka 23 kilogalamu. Mimba ya nsombayo inali yoyera, ndipo mbali ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zofiirira.
Maonedwe aku Cape. Chofunika kwambiri kwa onse omangamanga. Alinso ndi thupi laling'ono komanso lalifupi kwambiri. Kupitilira mita wokhala mu kuya sikukula. Nsombazo zimapakidwa utoto. Pakamwa pamakhala kutuluka kofanana ndi algae. M'malo mwake, ndiye khungu la mdierekezi. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi malo omwe khomo lidayambira, nyamayi idatchedwa dzina mdyerekezi wopanda nde. Malingaliro, ngati Amereka, adatsegulidwa mu 1837. Pa nsagwada yapansi nsomba 3 mizere ya mano.
Mzere waku nyanja wakumpoto. Yotsegulidwa mu 1902. Kutalika kwake, nsomba zimafika mpaka 1.5 metres. Mdierekezi waku Far East amasiyana ndi omwe amakhala nawo pafupi ndi mchira wamtambo. Mano omwe ali pachigwa cham'munsi cha oimira nyamazo adakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri. Mtundu wa nyama ndi zofiirira. Pali malo owala ndi sitiroko yakuda.
Maonero aku South Africa. Yotsegulidwa mu 1903. Nsombayo ili pafupi kuwonekera, yoyera. Kutalika kwake, nthumwi zoyimira zimafika mita, ndikulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 14.
Mdyerekezi wa ku West Atlantic. Yotsegulidwa mu 1915. Kutalika kwake, nsomba sizidutsa 60 cm. Mtundu wamtundu wa nyamayo ndi ya bulauni. Kutuluka kwa khungu ku West Atlantic satana ndizochepa ndipo sizifotokozedwa.

Nyanja ya Mdyerekezi

Mwa ziwanda zam'nyanja pali zochepa zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aquariums, mwachitsanzo, lionfish. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa bala yopingidwa. Nsombayo yapakidwa utoto wamtambo, loyera, lakuda, lofiirira.

Mdierekezi waku aquarium ali ndi zipsepse zokongoletsera komanso thupi locheperako. Mwachilungamo, tikuwona kuti munyanja pali satana wina. Chifukwa chake amatchedwa imodzi ya mbola. Amakhalanso a nsomba. Mdierekezi wapanyanja adapezeka mu 1792.

Mphesa zam'mutu za nsombazo zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe amakono atatu ndikuwongolera kutsogolo, ngati nyanga. Chifukwa chake, kuyanjana ndi mdierekezi kunabuka. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chifukwa cha kutengapo gawo kwawo pobweretsa chakudya kukamwa.

Chakudya cha mdierekezi

Ziwanda zonse zam'nyanja ndizidyamakanda. Kupatula, nsomba zimakwera pamwamba pamadzi, kusaka hering'i ndi mackerel. Nthawi zina mizimu yoyenda panyanja imasenda mafunde. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakonda kusaka nyama pansi, kuzigwirira pamenepo:

Mdierekezi wokhala ndi ndevu

squid ndi ma cephalopod ena
nyongolosi
mbola
cod
fulonda
zakuda
asodzi ang'ono
otchera

Adierekezi amadikirira omwe akuvutika ndi nsomba, omwe amabisala pansi. Kuwala kwa "nyali" za wolusa kumakopa anthu akuzama. Anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto atapweteka, mdierekezi amatsegula pakamwa pake. Fomu yopanda kanthu m'deralo, ndikupsinjika. Wosambira kwenikweni amakokera nsomba mkamwa mwake. Chilichonse pachinthu chilichonse chimatenga 6 mamilimita.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mdierekezi wanyanja - nsomba, yomwe imalumikizana ndi wokondweretsa munthawi yabwino mawu. Wamphongo wachichepere amaluma chachikazi. Izi zimayamba kupanga ma enzyme ena omwe amaonetsetsa kuti matupi awiri aphatikizidwa. Ngakhale mitsempha yamagazi imabwera palimodzi. Ma testicion okha ndi omwe amakhalabe "osawonongeka".

Chithunzi chosadziwika bwino cha mdierekezi wapanyanja, chomwe pazifukwa zina zidakhalapo

Mkazi m'modzi amatha kulumwa ndi amuna angapo. Chifukwa chake wamkazi amatenga umuna wambiri. Makina oterowo apereka ziwanda kuti zikhale ndi moyo kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Mitunduyi imawonedwa ngati mitundu.

Njira yopezera pakati komanso kubereka kwa mdierekezi nsomba sizinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane. Khalidwe lakuya panyanja kwamomwe limasokoneza limasokoneza. Chifukwa chake nyamazo zimayitanidwa chifukwa nyali zikuwala pankhope. Amasambira m'madzi ngati poyandama, ndipo ntchito ya "tackle" imachita ngati ndodo yabwinobwino.

Mdierekezi waku nyanja waku America

Zoyipa zimayamba kuswana:

Pakumapeto kwa dzinja, ngati amakhala kum'mwera kotentha.
Pakati pa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, ngati amakhala kumadera akumpoto.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ikafika ku Japan angler.

Mazira a monkfish amapindapinda mu tepi 50-90 sentimita mulifupi. Kutalika kwa chinsalu kumafika mpaka 12 metres. Makulidwe a tepiyo ndi masentimita 0.5 ndipo ndi:

ntchofu ndi kupanga 6-mbali
mazira okha, otsekeka m'modzi panthawi imodzi

Mdierekezi nsomba caviar amathamangitsidwa momasuka m'madzi. Chovala chimodzi chimakhala ndi makapisozi miliyoni miliyoni okhala ndi mazira. Mimbulu imazunguliridwa ndi mafuta. Samalola zomanga kukhazikika pansi.Ma cell am'mimba amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mazira amasambira payekha.

Mdierekezi waku West

Ana a Anglerfish samasanjika pamwamba, ngati akulu. Mutha kuwona ana pansi pamadzi, pomwe amakhala masabata 17 oyamba amoyo. Pambuyo poti nyama zimire pansi. Zoyipitsa pamenepo ziyenera kukhala zaka zina 10-30, kutengera mtundu wa nsomba.

Kupezeka kwa "mdierekezi wapanyanja"

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, a Johann Valbaum, katswiri wodziwa zachilengedwe ku Germany, dokotala komanso katswiri wazachilengedwe, adalongosola ndikupatsa dzinali. Amutcha Raja birostris, ndipo izi zinachitika, mwa miyambo yakale, osati kale kwambiri - mu 1792. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbiri ya zinthuzi ndiyosokoneza kwambiri komanso yosamveka, poyerekeza ndi zolengedwa zina: kwa zaka mazana awiri adapatsidwa "mayina" amitundu 25 ndi pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri generic. Mu sayansi yamakono, dzina loti Manta birostris limadziwika. Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti nsomba "satana wanyanja" - woimira yekha wamkulu wa manta rays. Komabe, mu 2009 mitundu ina idadziwika, Manta alfredi, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu maonekedwe, kakulidwe, ndi morphology, koma ofanana kukula, kadyedwe ndi kakhalidwe.

Nthano ndi nthano

"Mdierekezi wapanyanja" (chithunzi pamwambapa) adalandira dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a zipsepse zamutu - nawo amawongolera chakudya pakamwa. Kuchokera kunja, zikuwoneka ngati nyanga, ndipo ndikupatsidwa kukula kwakukulu kwaiwo, sizodabwitsa kuti zidapangitsa mantha kwaomwe akuyenda. Azungu omwe akusambira m'madzi otentha amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zam'dierekezi zikakwiya, zimiza chombo, ndikuthamangitsa ndi mkwiyo wosaletseka komanso kupirira. Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kukumana ndi Mantu kumatanthauza (ndikutanthauzabe) zovuta ndi zovuta zazikulu. Amakhulupirira kuti thupi lalikulu lathyathyathya limagwira ngati chovala chophimba nyama yanyani ndi cholinga choti limwe (kutengera mtundu wina - kuphwanya, ngati munthu wakhumudwitsa monster ndi china chake).

Nsomba "satana wanyanja": malongosoledwe

Njirayo ili ndi kukula kwake kwa zipsepse zamatumbo a rhomboid - m'mipikisano ikuluikulu imafikira mamita asanu ndi awiri. Kutsogolo kumapita zipsepse zamutu zomwe pakati pake pamakhala pakamwa lalikulu. Maso ali m'mphepete, ndipo ma gill - mawonekedwe a mipata - kuchokera pansi pamutu. Kumbuyo kwa mdierekezi wam'nyanja ndikuda (wakuda kapena wakuda bii), m'mimba ndi wopepuka. Komanso, kubalalitsa mawanga ndikofunikira pa icho. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kuchuluka kwawo ndi komwe ali mosasamala - ngati zala za munthu. Ponena za kulemera, munthu wamkulu nthawi zina amafika matani awiri ndi theka.

Moyo wam'nyanja

Ziribe kanthu zomwe anganene, ngakhale atakhala nkhani zowopsa bwanji, nsomba "zam'nyanja" zimadya ngati zinsomba - plankton ndi crustaceans ang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, mkamwa mwake mumakhala zida zapadera zosefera, zokhala ndi mbale zamatumbo. Popeza kukula kwa manti, munthu sayenera kudabwa kuti amakakamizidwa kudya pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

Adani achilengedwe a zolengedwa izi ndi anamgumi opha ndi shaki zazikulu. Amakumana ndi akuluakulu pokhapokha ngati avulala komanso akudwala, koma amasaka ana osaka.

Mosiyana ndi manti ambiri, iwo ndi anthu okhala m'madzimo. Samapita kuzama kwambiri.

Kubalana kwa zovala zapamwamba

Kuti apitilize mtundu, zimphona zazitali zimapita kumphepete mwa Mozambique. Nyengo yawo yakukhwima ili mu Novembala. Pakadali pano, mutha kuwona nthumwi zambiri za "satana wanyanja". Kufotokozera kwa chibwenzi chawo, choperekedwa ndi asayansi ambiri am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi ambiri, amawonetsa njirayi ngati mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Amphongo amatsatira chachikazi chokonzekera kutenga pakati, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sichizindikiro cha manta rays. "Mdyerekezi wanyanja" wachikazi amabereka mwana m'modzi yekhayo, milandu yamapasa ndiyosowa kwambiri. Pakadali koyamba, mwana amatenga mkati mwa mayi ndikumadya, pambuyo pobadwa, "nsomba yam'nyanja" imakhala ndi utali wa mita ndi kotalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu khumi. Mwana wakhanda amatsatira amayi ake kulikonse. Yaikazi imatsogolera ana mosasamala - kupuma kumachitika zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu.

Chiwopsezo cha kutha

Monga tanena kale, nsomba "zam'madzi zam'nyanja" zilibe adani achilengedwe. Koma kwa munthu wake wowopsa. Nyama iyi ndi chiwindi zimatengedwa kuti ndizakudya zabwino, ndipo mwa achin China amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala. Ndi asodzi aku China omwe akuchotsa nsomba zamdierekezi, ndikuyendera mu Novembala kupita kugombe la Mozambique. Poganizira momwe chimphona chimaberekera pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuti malowa adasankhidwa kuti akwatirane, titha kunena kuti mpaka madzi atakhala pafupi ndi Mozambique atetezedwe, kuopseza kuti kufafaniza ma mantas sikudzatha.

Miyambi ya “Mdyerekezi Wam'nyanja”

Ngakhale kuti nsomba "zam'mlengalenga" zimaphunziridwa mwachangu, sizinsinsi zake zonse zomwe zimawululidwa ndi asayansi. Choyamba, palibe amene anganene chifukwa chomwe amakwatirana pafupi ndi Mozambique ndipo amapita kuti. Kugwirira ntchito komweko ndi kusamukira kwawo ndipo amangoyenda kulikonse komwe maso awo angayang'ane.

Palibenso chinsinsi chomwe chimakhalabe chizolowezi chawo kulumpha kuchokera mmadzi ndi kugwa ndi kasupe wopopera. Asayansi angapo apereka matembenuzidwe angapo pachimodzichi:

Ndi iti mwa mfundoyi yomwe ili yoona, mwina, yomwe idzadziwike mtsogolomo, ngati umunthu ndi cholengedwa sichimasinthika kukhala m'gulu lanyama lomwe likutha.

Chithunzi: filipmije (on and off)

Nyamayi siipatsidwa chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitetezo kwa ogwirira ntchito zapamadzi. Palibe mano akulu, kapena ma spikes, kapena kuthekera kwa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, monga ma ramp. Mantas nthawi zambiri amakhala ovutitsidwa ndi anthu ena okhala munyanja. Asodzi akulu makamaka amakonda kuwasaka. Ngati mkati mwa zaka zapitazi, anthu adawona kuti Nyanja ya Mdyerekezi ndiyowopsa kwa anthu, tsopano aliyense akudziwa kuti palibe chifukwa choopera iwo.

Chithunzi: Tim

Chakudya chachikulu cha Sea Mdyerekezi ndi plankton, nsomba zazing'ono ndi mphutsi. Monga zinsomba, manti amatsegula pakamwa pawo, ndikumeza nyama zawo zazing'onoting'ono, kenako, atasambitsa madziwo, amasiya chakudya pakamwa pawo.
Manty ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kukula kwa ubongo wawo amaposa kukula kwa ubongo wa mbola komanso amphaka. Ndiosavuta kusintha ndipo osiyanasiyana amawakonda. Alendo ena amapita kukapuma pagombe la Indian Ocean kuti akasambira limodzi ndi Nyanja ya Leo. Nyamazi ndizosangalatsidwa kwambiri ndipo zikaona china chosangalatsa pamadzi, zimasambira kuti ziwone zomwe zikuchitika. Nthawi zina chidwi choterechi chimatha kupha nyama yopanda vutoyi.

Chithunzi: Saschj

Imodzi mwa miyambo yomwe Amakonda amakonda kudumphira pamadzi mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Kuyika chinyama chachikulu kumamveka pamtunda wamakilomita ambiri. Cholinga cha masewera ngati awa sichimveka, koma, mwina, mwanjira iyi, Nyanja Mdyerekezi imakopa chidwi cha anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzanu kapenanso kuyesa kukola nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zake.
Maonekedwe a ana a Manta ndimwadzidzidzi. Wamkazi amatulutsa mwana m'modzi yekhayo. Kutalika kwake kwa kubadwa ndi mita! Mdyerekezi wanyanja wabadwa mwa chubu chopotanitsidwa, koma, kukhala kunja kwa chiberekero cha amayo, kumatulutsa mapiko ake nthawi yomweyo. Kuyambira pano, akuyamba "kuwuluka" mozungulira amayi ake mozungulira.

Chithunzi: Steve Dunleavy

Mutha kuwona Mantoux stingray m'madzimo. Koma padziko lonse lapansi pali malo asanu otere, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chinyama cham'madzi choterocho chikhale chachikulu. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ali mu ukapolo, manti nawonso amaberekanso, chifukwa sadzafa, atapatsidwa mwayi woti sangabereke mtundu wawo. Kubala Nyanja Mdyerekezi muukapolo ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yayitali, koma ndiyofunika. Mdyerekezi wa Nyanja imodzi adabadwira m'madzi am'madzi, omwe amakhala ku Japan. Chochitikacho chinachitika mu 2007 ndipo chinajambulidwa pa TV. Kukonda kwa munthu nyama iyi, kuyankha mwachikondi, kunabwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tsopano Manta amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyama zapadera kwambiri padzikoli.

Nsomba za Manty amitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba - mbale-gill. Mantas ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yotsetsereka, yomwe imatha kutalika masentimita 200. Mapiko awo amafikira 700 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa nsomba zamankhwala kumatha kufika 2000 kg. Izi nsomba ndizosiyana payekha - zipsepse zamakisiti, zomwe zimafanana ndi nyanga, adakhala chifukwa chazithunzithunzi zophatikizika ndi manti "Nyanja Mdyerekezi" .

Nsomba za Manti zimakhala ndi kamwa yotakata kwambiri, yomwe ili pamphepete kutsogolo kwa mutu. Monga kafadala wina, manti amakhala ndi zida zapadera zotchedwa fyuluta. Muli ma plill a gill, pomwe chakudya chimasefedwa - nsomba zazing'ono, planktonic ndi crustaceans.

Kodi nsomba zamtchire zimakhala kuti?

Mantas posaka chakudya amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali, amatsata kayendedwe ka plankton. Awa ndimagazi ofunda.

Mantas amatha kuyenda modabwitsa m'madzi, amawombera "mapiko" awo mosavuta komanso mochititsa chidwi. Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona ma mantas, chifukwa choti amakonda kugona pamadzi. Pofuna kukhala pamadzipo, amapinda imodzi mwa zipsepalazo kuti papu lake lithe.

Ziwanda zam'nyanja zimadziwika kuti zimadumphira m'madzi. Mwanjira iyi, manti amatha kutalika kwamasentimita 150 pamwamba pamtunda. Phokoso lanyinji lomwe limagwera m'madzi limamveka ngati bingu ndipo limatha kumveka kutali.

Kodi nsomba za Manta ndi zilombo?

Manta sachita ukali chifukwa chake sikhala ndi vuto kwa osokera. Koma kukhudza khungu la mtambowu, lomwe limakutidwa ndi timapiko tating'onoting'ono, kumabweretsa mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima. Kumbuyo kwa manti ndikuda ndipo m'mimba mwayera.

Izi chimphona chachikulu imapezeka m'madzi otentha a nyanja zam'madzi ndi nyanja zamchere. Manti amakhala pamadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasambira munyanja.

Amayi amakhala ndi mano pakanthawi kotsikira, kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa mutu wa pini. Mbali yam'mwamba ya mano iliyonse imakhala ndi malo osawoneka bwino okhala ndi ma groo ofooka. Mano awa sakukhudzidwa panthawi yolowa chakudya. Amatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zaukhondo, komanso ndizofunikanso pa chibwenzi.

Kubzala nsomba kwa Manty

Monga mitundu ina ya mbola, manti amabereka pogwiritsa ntchito umuna wamkati. M'mapangidwe a amuna a stingrays awa, pali ziwalo zokhala ngati mbolo zomwe zimapanga kuchokera mkati mwa miyendo yamkati mwa mbola izi. Chiwalo chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lomwe maselo amuna amalowa mthupi la mkazi, pomwe umuna umachitika.

Paubwenzi, ma stingrays angapo amatha kuyesa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akwaniritse chikondi cha m'modzi mwa akazi. Koma, pamapeto pake, chingwe chopambana kwambiri chimagwira mbali yam'mwamba yamkamwa mwa mkazi ndi mano ake ndikuyikankhira m'mimba. Ndipo mwanjira ina zimapezeka kuti chiwalo chake chokhala ngati mbolo chimalowa mu cesspool panthawiyi.

Kutalika kwa kukopera ndi mphindi 1.5. Yaikazi ya mbola imeneyi imabweretsa imodzi, koma yayitali kotalika pafupifupi makilogalamu 10 ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 125. Pakubadwa, imawoneka ngati mchira kutsogolo kuchokera m'mimba mwa mayiyo, imapindidwa ndi silinda ndipo imayamba kufalikira, ikuyamba kugwedeza zipsepse zomwe zili mmenemo pa chifuwa.

Kugonana kwa dimorphism muulemerero wake wonse. Zimawonetsera nsomba zamdierekezi . Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali pansi pano, ngati kuti amachokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Akazi amafikira kutalika kwa mita 2 ndipo amakhala ndi nyali pamitu yawo.

Nyanja ya mdierekezi

Imawalira m'malire a madzi, kukopa nyama. Amuna a Mdyerekezi ndi mainchesi 4 kutalika, opanda mawonekedwe owunikira. Izi sizokhazi zomwe zimasangalatsa za cholengedwa cham'nyanja.

Zochitika zapadera za mdani

Nsomba za mdierekezi zimawoneka zonyansa kwa ambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyipa. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mutu waukulu, thupi lathyathyathya, phokoso logontha komanso pakamwa lalikulu. Chimodzi mwa nsomba za mdierekezi ndicho kupezeka kwa nyali pamutu pa akazi, yomwe imakopa nyama mumdima wamadzi.

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Vertebrates ndi eni mano akuthwa komanso owongoka mkati, nsagwada komanso zosunthika, ang'ono, ozungulira, maso okhazikika. Dorsal fin ndi magawo awiri, mbali imodzi ndi yofewa ndipo ili pafupi ndi mchira, inayo imakhala ndi spikes zapadera zomwe zimapita kumutu wa nsomba. Mu zipsepse zomwe zimakhala pachifuwa, mumakhala mafupa olimba omwe amakulolani kuti muzikwawa pansi komanso ngakhale kulumpha. Mothandizidwa ndi zipsepse, ma vertebrates amatha kuyikidwa pansi.

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Zachikazi zimatha kutalika mamita awiri, pomwe zazimuna zimakula mpaka 4 cm.

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Zosiyanasiyana nsomba

Mwachizolowezi, nsomba za mdierekezi zimakhala pakuya. Oimira ena a vertebrates amatha kulowa pansi mpaka 18 m, pomwe ena mpaka 3.5 km. Mutha kupeza nsomba za mdierekezi m'madzi a Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific Oceans, komanso ku Black, Baltic, Barents ndi North Sea. Chinyama cham'madzi chimadziwika m'madzi a Japan, Korea ndi madera a Russia.

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Ngakhale mawonekedwe owopsa, nsomba za mdierekezi ndizabwino ndipo zimakoma kwambiri. Malo akuya mwakuya amakupatsani mwayi kusambira m'madzi oyera kwambiri ndikusankha nokha zabwino zomwe mungachite. Nyama ya Vertebrate, kuphatikizanso chiwindi, imawerengedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri.

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Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, pali gulu la nsomba za mdierekezi:

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European monkfish - imakula mpaka 2 metres, kulemera kumatha kukhala 30 kg. Kunja, imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi zinthu zofiira komanso zobiriwira. Nsombayo ili ndi mimba yoyera ndipo imakutidwa ndimalo amdima kumbuyo konse.
Budegassa - pafupifupi ofanana ndi lingaliro loyamba, kusiyana kumagona pamimba yakuda.
Mdierekezi waku America - wokhala ndi mimba yoyera, kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira.

Mwa mitundu ya nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zapamadzi, am'madzi aku Far East nyanja, South Africa ndi Cape Devil, komanso chinyama cham'madzi cha West Atlantic ndizodziwika.

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Chakudya chachikulu cha nsomba za mdierekezi

Nsomba ndizodya nyama ndipo sizichoka mozama. Imatha kusambira kumtunda kokha ngati ili ndi mankhwala apadera - hering'i kapena mackerel. Nthawi zina ma vertebrates amatha kugwira mbalame pamadzi.

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Kwenikweni, chakudya cha mdierekezi chimakhala ndi mbola, squid, flounder, cod, eels ndi crustaceans, komanso asodzi ang'ono, gerbil ndi cephalopods ena. Poyembekezera nyama, nyama yolusa imangoyenda pansi, ndipo chakudya chimakopa nyali. Nsombayo ikamugwira, mdierekezi amatsegula pakamwa pake ndikukhomerera chilichonse chozungulira ndi vacuum.

Ray ya Manta ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma, mosadabwitsa, zili ndendende za iwo kuti sayansi imadziwa zochepa

Zimphona zinayi zakuda ndi zoyera zimatuluka mumdima wamadzi. Kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri, matupi awo athyathyathya amapita mu zipsepse zazikulu, zomwe zimawuluka ngati mapiko. Gulu la nsomba limawulukira m'madzi ngati gulu la mbalame. Pakamwa pawo pakatseguka, manta amayala pamwamba pa bwaloli. M'modzi wa iwo amapita kwa osiyanasiyanawo ndikuwatembenukira patsogolo pawo, ndikuwonetsa mimba yake yowala. Kuwala kumawala. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikuzungulira m'matanthwe, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma scuba imayang'anitsana kuti ikwere. Patatha maola awiri, Andrea Marshall amatsitsa zithunzi pa kompyuta. Kafukufuku wodziyendera bwino wokhala ndi mabango ku Tofo, mudzi kumwera kwa Mozambique, ali pabwino, monga pobzala. Wowonera sapulumutsa. Kuchokera kutali kumabwera kulira kwa mafunde. Kwazaka khumi, hydrobiologist wazaka 31 Andrea Marshall wakhala akuphunzira mitundu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ya stingrays. Manta, kapena chimphona chachikulu cham'madzi, ndi imodzi mwazodzi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chingwe cha munthu wamkulu chimalemera mpaka matani awiri, kupindika kwa m'mphepete mwake kumatha kufikira mita 7 - pafupifupi ngati gawo la mpira.

Pali mtundu wamtundu umodzi wovala zovala zokha, wotchulidwa mu Fish Catalog, buku lalikulu lokhala ndi malembedwe atatu pa alumali pafupi ndi Marshall. Koma Zizindikiro pamapu ake apadziko lapansi amanenanso china. Madontho ofiira ndi abuluu, ofufuzawo adakhazikitsa malo okhala anthu onse odziwika a manta rays. Mtundu wabuluu umatanthawuza mtundu umodzi, wofiira - wina.Mapuwa ndi umboni wake wa chiphunzitso chakuti kulibe chimodzi, koma mitundu iwiri ya nsomba.

Zithunzi za lero zikuwonekera pa pompopompo, yotengedwa ndi Marshall ndi mnzake, katswiri wazomera wa New Zealand a Simon Pearce. Atatu mwa stingrays omwe adakumana nawo ndi omwe adawadziwa kale, omwe asayansi adalemba mayina apamwamba aku America: Compass, masenti 50 ndi Apple Pie. Asayansi amawasiyanitsa ndi mawanga ndi zipsera pamimba ndi gawo lotsika la zipsepse zam'mbali. Kwa nsomba iliyonse amapanga mawonekedwe apadera. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo otsetsereka a masenti 50, madontho pamimba amafanana ndi manambala “5” ndi “0”, ndipo kulumikizidwa koyenera ndi shaki kumagwirira ngati zilembo "c", pomwe mawu akuti "sentimita" akuyamba.

Marshall amayang'ana zithunzi za njira yachinayi. Uyu ndi mkazi. Mawanga amdima pamimba yake amawoneka ngati mkondo wa mkango. Wofufuzayo amafananizira chithunzichi ndi zithunzi za akazi ena kuchokera pazosungidwa. Palibe machesi. Marshall atchula watsopano Simba polemekeza mwana wa mkango kuchokera ku katuni The Simba King.

Simba ndiye njira ya 743th pamndandanda wawo. Padziko lonse lapansi pali anthu ochepa ochepa chotere a manta, monga pano, pagombe la Mozambique, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Tofo. Palibe wa iwo amene anaphunziridwa bwino pano.

Manti amakhala m'madzi otentha. Zina za mapuwa zidakhazikika kugombe lakummawa kwa Australia, kudera lazilumba za Pacific, pagombe la California, ndi ku Pacific. Koma ambiri a iwo ali ku Indian Ocean: kum'mawa kwa Africa, komanso kugombe la Thailand ndi Indonesia. Kodi pali ma ray angati omwe amakhala m'madzi? Kodi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali motani pamoyo wawo? Sayansi ilibe yankho lomveka bwino la mafunso onsewa.

Andrea Marshall anali woyamba kufotokozera mwinjiro wamalaya. Nthawi yakubzala, aliyense wamkazi amatsatiridwa ndi amuna pafupifupi 20. Iwo, monga sitima yamoyo, amabwerezabwereza chilichonse chomwe amayendetsa mpaka pamapeto pake mkazi amasankha wamwamuna m'modzi. Mantle mimba imatenga pafupifupi chaka, chachikazi chimabala mwachangu, zipsepse zake zimafika mita imodzi ndi theka. Kuyambira miniti yoyamba ya moyo, njira yaying'ono ndiyotsalira yokha.

Ponena za kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi, ma mantis amakhala ndi ubongo waukulu kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zonse. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi moyo wopatsa kumathandizira kuti ubongo ukule. Mantas amadyera m'magulumagulu ndipo amasambira limodzi “machitidwe oyenera” kupita kumalo osambira nsomba. Amayesedwa kuti m'masukulu a menti amalamulirana ukulu pakati pa okalamba ndi achinyamata. Manti amatuluka nthawi zonse m'madzi ndi kuwaza ndi kuwaza pansi pa nyanja. Marshall akuwonetsa kuti ndi momwe amasinthanirana ma signature. Amakonda kuvala zovala zamakhalidwe ngati zolengedwa zokongola kwambiri ndipo akuwonetsetsa kuti pali ena mwa iwo. Ena amakhala achidwi komanso amakonda kusewera, ena ndi amantha komanso okhudzika. Kutengera kuzowonekera kwa manti omwe ali pagombe la Mozambique, America ikuyesa kuwulula zinsinsi zina za machitidwe awo. Pafupifupi theka la masiketi ojambulidwa amakhala kuno kwamuyaya; Marshall amakumana nawo nthawi zonse akamayenda. Mwachitsanzo, wawona Compass ya akazi ndi masenti 50 nthawi zambiri. Koma nkhokwe yake ili ndi anthu mazana ambiri omwe adawona pagombe la Mozambique, m'modzi zisanu ndi zitatu zokha. Kodi ndizangozi? Andrea Marshall adafika koyamba ku Tofo zaka khumi zapitazo. Kenako anali wophunzira wa hydrobiologist ku Brisbane waku Australia ndipo anali kukonda kujambula pansi pamadzi. Wina kuchokera kwa abwenzi ake adamulangiza kuti adutse pagombe la Mozambique. A Marshall anakulira pafupi ndi San Francisco. Analandira satifiketi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi zaka 12, pofika zaka 15 anali ndi mayendedwe mazana asanu oyenda pansi. Koma palibe kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi pomwe adawonapo dziko lolemera pansi pa madzi monga pagombe la Mozambique. Ndipo koposa zonse - pano mumatha kukumana ndi stingrans tsiku lililonse. M'malo ena odziwika bwino oponya nsomba, nsomba izi zimayenera kutsatiridwa kuchokera ku ndege.

Kubwerera ku Brisbane, Andrea Marshall anaganiza zolemba dissertation pa manta rays. Pulofesa Michael Bennett "ankandiona ngati wamisala." Zachidziwikire, nyama izi sizimamveka bwino. Koma pali tanthauzo la izi: ma ramp ndi osowa, ndipo kuwaphunzira ndi okwera mtengo. Zambiri: ndingalemba bwanji nyuzipepala ku Africa ndili ndi zaka 22? " - akukumbukira Marshall. Koma anaganiza zopeza mpata. Kugulitsa galimoto ndi mipando ku Brisbane, Andrea ananyamuka napita ku Mozambique. M'mudzi wa Tofo, adakhala m khola lopanda madzi ndi kuwala. Asodzi adapita naye m'boti kupita ku imodzi mwa miyala, kenako namubweza. Pambuyo pake, katswiri wa shark whale shark Simon Pearce adagwirizana naye. Koma mu zaka zoyambirira, anali kuphwanya lamulo lalikulu la diver - osangoyenda yekhayekha.

Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yadutsa kuchokera ku Tofo. Madzulo ena, akuyang'ana zithunzi za stingrays, Andrea Marshall adawona china chachilendo. Nsomba zina zinkawoneka ngati zazikulu komanso zakuda kuposa zina zonse. Iye anati: “Poyamba ndinkaganiza kuti awa ndi achikulire. Koma posakhalitsa adazindikira zosiyana zinanso. Zinapezeka kuti chimphona chakumaliracho chimadyetsa ndikusambira kupatula mbali zing'onozing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, samapezeka kwa iye, mosiyana ndi zovala zazing'ono zomwe adakumana nazo tsiku lililonse. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti mbola - ngati nkhono zakupha - zimagawika m'magulu awiri: kukhazikika komanso kusamuka? Popita nthawi, amafotokozanso tanthauzo lina. Patatha chaka ndi theka, Andrea adapita ku Brisbane ndipo adagawana zamaphunziro ake: pali mitundu iwiri ya manti. "Sanamvere, koma zomwe ndinawona zidamchititsa chidwi." Mutu wa dissertation udavomerezedwa. Andrea Marshall adafunsana ndi akatswiri ena asanu oyimira njirayo, koma palibe m'modzi wa iwo adamuthandiza. Manti amagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kupangidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano kumathandizira kudzipatula kwina. Sizokayikitsa kuti, posakhala zolepheretsa zachilengedwe, mitundu iwiri yazipangidwe, adatsutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pakupanga koyerekeza ma mantas a DNA, palibe kusiyana komwe kunapezeka. Iyi ndi mfundo ina yotsutsana ndi chiphunzitso chake. Kuphika kumayamba kale 7 koloko m'mawa. Marshall amayang'ana kuchokera pagombe kupita kunyanja. Mwa tsiku lachinayi, mtambo wautali wa phytoplankton wakhala ukutambasuka m'mbali mwa gombe la kumwera kwa Mozambique. Zomera zazing'onoting'ono izi zili kumayambiriro kwa chakudya cham'madzi. Tiyenera kudikirira kuti mphepo isinthe ndikuchotsa kambuku pamtunda kupita kunyanja. M'madzi amatope, nkovuta kutsatira mawadi ake.

Marshall akuganiza zoyesa mwayi wake. Mawa lake, gulu la anthu angapo adawona zovala zazikulu pansi pamadzi. Wofufuzayo akufuna kukhazikitsa chosatulutsa pa imodzi mwa nsomba. Amaphatikiza ma radio akakhala ma radio ma transmitters pakhungu laling'ono la manta. Chingwe chowoneka bwino chikasambira pakati pa radius mita 500 kuchokera pa wailesi, siginecha yake imakodwa ndikujambulidwa. Marshall adaika mawayilesi 12 m'mbali mwa makilomita zana ku Tofo Bay. Amatha kudziwa komwe manty amasambira kwambiri.

Koma ma transouteric transmitter siabwino kuti azitsatira mawu osamukasamuka. Marshall amaganiza kuti stingrays ndi osamuka, omwe adakumana nawo kamodzi. Amawoneka ngati kuti palibe kwina kulikonse, amakhala tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mu bay ndi kusowa. Kodi akupita kuti? Kodi amakwatirana ndi kubereka ana?

Wofufuzayo akuyesera kutsimikizira kuti chimphona chakulu kwambiri pakusaka chakudya chikuyendayenda m'madzi. Wapereka kale zisanu ndi zinayi za malo otsetsereka ndi satellite 20 cm. Nthawi iliyonse galasi la manta likatuluka, chipangizocho chimatumiza zogwirizanitsa ndi nsomba kupita pa satellite. Chilichonse chimatumiza $ 5,000. Ndipo nthawi zambiri imatayika pakatha miyezi ingapo chokhazikitsa.

GPS navigator siginecha ifika nthawi yake. Andrea Marshall ndi a Simon Pierce avala zida zamtundu wa scuba, amatenga kamera komanso chovala chamkuwa chotalika mita kuti chikhazikitsidwe ma transmitter ndikulowera mnyanja. Zatsopano ndizolimba, kuonekera m'madzi amatope ndikochepa. Malo apansi pamadzi ndi matanthwe, ngalala ndi matako akuwoneka kuti aphimbidwa. Anthu angapo ochokera ku Scuba amasambira kudutsa ukonde wam'mawa, kudutsa mikango yowala yam'madzi ndi gulu la mbatata zojambulazo. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi amasiya.

Kuti titsimikizire kupezeka kwa mtundu watsopano, timafunikira mikangano yolimba. Chimodzi mwazofunikira ndi kusiyana kwakunja. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la nyama, ziwalo zake, khungu lake ndi moyo wawo. Zosanthula za genetic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana ndi kufotokozedwa kotere.

Mu 2007, Marshall adachita izi popanda iwo. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anali atayamba kuphunzira manta m'mphepete mwa Mozambique pafupifupi zaka zisanu, atamaliza kudumphira 1300. Adapita ku Mexico, Thailand, ndi ku Ecuador kuti akafufuze kuchuluka kwa zovala zam'deralo. Mfundo zowonjezereka zikuwoneka pamapuwa ake. Mu ofiira, adawonetsa malo okhala zovala zing'onozing'ono, mu buluu - kugawa zazikulu. Koma malingaliro ake akuti kukhalapo kwa mitundu iwiri ya nsomba izi sanatsimikizidwebe.

Mu Meyi 2007, adapita ku Indonesia, komwe kunali kugombe la nyanja ya Lombok kuwedza nsomba zazikulu manta. Adafunikira chiyerekezo chimodzi chofufuzira. Pamsika wam'deralo, mothandizidwa ndi asodzi, adatembenuza mtembo wanjirayo ndikuyang'ana kutsogolo komwe kunali mchira. Anatulutsa khungu mosavuta. Ndipo iye anali wodziyesa.

Tate wa chovalacho anali ndi munga wakupha mchira wake; m'mitundu ina ya mbola, idakalipobe mpaka pano. Ndipo chovalacho chinazimiririka nthawi ya chisinthiko. Chifukwa chake, mulimonse, asayansi adaganiza. Malonda ang'onoang'ono satero. Koma kuchokera kumafupa achimaso a manti akuluakulu pamsika wa Lombok chisumbu, atakamira ... mzere wakuthwa wopindulitsa mamilimita angapo kutalika kwake - kangaude kakang'ono. "Mapeto ake, ndidapeza zana limodzi lamaumbidwe!" - akutero Marshall.

Luck anapitiliza. Zovala ziwiri zikuluzikulu zomwe adakhazikitsa ma transel satellite, Marshall adatipatsa ulemu kwa oyendetsa sitimawo wamkulu Cook ndi Magellan. Cook adataya mwayiwu atatha milungu itatu, koma a Magellan adayenda ulendo wamakilomita 1,100 kum'mwera kwa gombe la Mozambique ndipo adataya woyendetsa kale kupitirira Durban (South Africa). Izi zidatsimikiza kuti a Marshall amaganiza kuti chimphona chachikulu ndi "oyenda panyanja." Zotsatira zakuyesa kwa majini zatsimikizira kuti anali wolondola. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zovala zapadziko lapansi.

Mu Julayi 2008, Andrea Marshall adapereka lipoti la zaka zambiri atafufuza ku Congress of Hydrobiologists ku Canada. Ray ya manta, adalengeza, kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri - chimphona chachikulu cha manta ray (manta birostris) ndi chaching'ono reef manta ray (manta alfredi). Pambuyo pa ntchito yake, chete adagonja muholo.

Andrea Marshall amakhala pagome ndi tsitsi lonyowa atamizidwa. Zosaka za lero sizinaphule kanthu, iye ndi Pierce sanapeze "chimphona" chimodzi m'madzi. Koma zomwe zachitika kale zimapatsa wofufuzayo chovuta china. Andrea akutulutsa mapu adziko lapansi. Posachedwa, limodzi ndi madontho ofiira ndi amtambo, amaso achikaso. Amakhala mozungulira ku Gulf of Mexico ndi Pacific.

Atakhala pa intaneti, adapeza chithunzithunzi cha stingray, chomwe chitha kuyimira mtundu wachitatu wa chovala, atero a Marshall. "Ndidaona chithunzi cha manti ndipo ndidaganiza: wow, koma sindikudziwa!"

Kukula kwa nyama yopanda zovulazi ndikodabwitsadi. Chilombo chokha chomwe chingayang'ane ndi mdierekezi wamkati ndi nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi. Monga chida chodzitchinjiriza, ma zovala abambo alibe chilichonse. Alibe ma spikes akuthwa, ngati ma stingrays, ndipo satulutsa zotulutsa zamagetsi, ngati malo ena otsetsereka. Chifukwa chake, kuukiraku kumatha kutha komvetsa chisoni kwa Manta.

Koma munthu anali wotsimikiza za chitetezo cha nyama izi posachedwapa, komanso zaka 60 za zana la 20 lino. adierekezi am'nyanja adawonekera pamaso pa anthu mawonekedwe a zolengedwa zamwazi. Makanema ojambula adajambulidwa komwe manty adawonekera m'malo mwa akupha.

Koma kuwadziwa bwino zimawonekeratu kuti siopha. Manti amadya pa plankton, mphutsi ndi nsomba zochepa kwambiri. Amasefa izi mwachinyengo ngati zinsomba - akusambira ndi pakamwa pawo potseguka, kusefa madzi, ndikusiya chakudya mkamwa mwawo.

Ubongo wa mdierekezi wapanyanja ndiwakukulu kuposa uja wa mbola kapena shaki zina. Chifukwa chofulumira, zodandaula komanso mawonekedwe a manta okhazikika, ndi chikondi choyenera pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi omwe amabwera kuzilumba za Indian Ocean kuti azisambira motsatira njira. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri. Pakawoneka chinthu chosangalatsa pamtunda, chimatulukira ndikuchita mafunde, ndikuwona zomwe zikuchitika. Mwina ndichifukwa chake m'mbuyomu msonkhano wamabwatowo uli ndi "carpet" wamkulu yemwe amayang'ana pa inu ndi chidwi, ndipo adapereka malingaliro osamalitsa mdierekezi wapanyanja?

Chinthu chinanso chochita manti ndi kudumpha pamadzi. Sizikudziwika bwino lomwe kuti cholinga cha mdierekezi ndichotani, ndikudumphalumpha 1.5 pamtunda wamadzi. Kuyimilira kwake kwamatoni a 2 kumatha kumveka makilomita angapo kuzungulira, ndipo kodi ndizotheka kuti ichi ndicholinga cha kudumpha - kukopa mnzanu kapena kupha nsomba zazing'onoting'ono?

Mwa njira, mdierekezi wapanyanja amaberekanso kawirikawiri. Yaikazi imabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yemwe amabadwa nthawi yayitali kuposa mita 1. Mdierekezi wachichepere amabadwa wokulungika mu chubu, koma, ndikusiya m'mimba mwa mayiyo, nthawi yomweyo amatambasula mapiko ake ndikuyamba "kuwuluka" mozungulira mkazi wamkulu.

Muukapolo, ziwanda zam'nyanja zimapezeka m'madzi 5 akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, ngakhale abadwa osowa chotere, muukapolo amatha kubereka. Mu 2007, mdierekezi wam'nyanja adabadwa ku Japan. Kubadwa kwa mwanayo kunawonekeranso pa kanema, komwe kumatsimikizira chikondi cha munthu chinyama chokongola kwambirichi. Zowona, chikondi ichi chidabwera modzidzimutsa, koma anthu akudzipulumutsa okha pamaso pa mdierekezi wanyanja.

Anglerfish, kapena nsomba yam'madzi, ndi nsomba yam'madzi yam'madzi, yomwe ili m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi ray, nsomba zamtundu watsopano, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, kuyitanitsa nsomba zam'madzi zamtundu wina, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, kapena ziwanda zam'nyanja (lat. )

Masoka a dzina lachi Latin la ziwanda samadziwika bwino. Ophunzira ena ali ndi lingaliro loti linachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti "λοφίο", kutanthauza kuti chitsime chomwe chimafanana ndi nsagwada za nsomba. Ofufuzawo ena amaligwirizanitsa ndi mtundu wa crest womwe umayenda kumbuyo konse. Dzinalo lodziwika bwino "angler" lidawonekera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ataliitali osinthika a dorsal fin, okhala ndi nyambo (esk) ndikufanana ndodo yosodza. Ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osazolowereka komanso osasangalatsa a mutu wankhonya, adatchedwa "mzere wa nyanja". Chifukwa chakuti anglerfish amatha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, kuyambira pamenepo ndi zipsepse zosinthidwa pang'ono, mayiko ena amawayitana.

Monkfish (nsomba) --ofotokozera, mawonekedwe, chithunzi. Kodi kanyama kokhala ngati kansomba kamawoneka bwanji?

Adierekezi ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala pansi ndipo zimatalika mita 1.5-2. Kulemera kwa monkfish ndi 20 kilogalamu kapena kupitilira. Thunthu lalikulu ndi mutu wokhala ndi matayala ang'onoang'ono amathandizika kolowera. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsomba zamkati, kamwa ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo limatseguka pafupifupi mutu wonse. Nsagwada ya m'munsi ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa kumtunda, ndipo imakulitsidwa pang'ono. Zoyenda ndi zida zili ndi mano akulu akulu, omwe amawerama mkati. Mafupa owonda komanso osinthika a nsagwada amathandiza nsomba kumeza nyama, zomwe zimaposa pafupifupi kawiri.

Maso a monkfish ndi ochepa, amakhala pafupi, ali pamwamba pamutu. Malipiro a dorsal ali ndi magawo awiri olekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake, imodzi yomwe imakhala yofewa ndikusunthidwa kumchira, ndipo yachiwiri imapangidwa ndi ma ray asanu ndi umodzi, atatu omwe amakhala pamutu pawokha, ndipo atatu atangochitika. Mbali yakutsogolo ya dorsal fin imasunthidwa mwamphamvu kupita ku chibwano chapamwamba ndipo ndi mtundu wa "ndodo", pamwamba pake pamakhala kapangidwe kakhungu (eska) komwe mabakiteriya owala amakhala, omwe ndiwo nyambo yoti agwiritse ntchito.

Chifukwa choti zipsepse za monkfish zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mafupa angapo a mafupa, zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimaloleza kuti nsomba zisakolole pansi lapansi, komanso kusunthira motsatira zomwe zikukwawa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kudumpha kwapadera. Zipsepse zamkati ndizofunikira pang'ono pakuyenda kwa nsomba zamkati ndipo zimakhala pakhosi.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti thupi la anglerfish, lopaka utoto wakuda kapena mtundu wa bulauni (nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawanga owoneka mosasinthika), silophimbidwa ndi mamba, koma ndi ma spiky osiyanasiyana otuluka, ma tubercles, lalitali kapena lopotana utoto, ofanana ndi algae. Chochititsa manyazi choterechi chimathandiza kuti nyama zodya ziwonongeke mosavuta mu nkhokwe za algae kapena pansi pamchenga.

Kodi angler amakhala kuti (monkfish)?

Dera logawikirako la genus la anglerfish ndilokulirapo. Zimaphatikizapo madzi akumadzulo a Nyanja ya Atlantic, kutsuka magombe a Canada ndi United States of America, kum'mawa kwa Atlantic, mafunde omwe amachokera kugombe la Iceland ndi Briteni Isles, komanso kuzizira kozizira kwa North, Barents ndi Baltic Seas. Ziwanda zosiyana za kunyanja zimapezeka pagombe la Japan ndi Korea, m'madzi a Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja Ya Yellow, ku Eastern Pacific ndi ku Black Sea. Angler amakhalanso kumapeto kwa Nyanja ya India, komwe kumayambira kumpoto kwa Africa. Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, ziwanda zam'nyanja zimakhala mozama kuyambira 18 mita mpaka 2 km kapena kupitilira apo.

Kodi ndimadya chiyani?

Pachithunzi cha zakudya, ziwanda zam'nyanja ndizidyera. Maziko omwe amadya ndi nsomba zomwe zimakhala pansi pamadzi. Gerbils ndi mbola zazing'ono ndi shaki zazing'ono, ma eels, flounders, cephalopods (squids, cuttlefish) ndi crustaceans osiyanasiyana amalowa m'mimba mwa angler. Nthawi zina nyama zamtunduwu zimayandikira pafupi ndi madzi, pomwe zimasaka hering'i kapena mackerel. Makamaka, milandu idadziwika komwe okweramo amakumana ndi mbalame zomwe zimayenda mwamtendere pamafunde amchere.

Ziwanda zonse zam'nyanja zimasaka kubisalira. Chifukwa cha zobisika zachilengedwe, sizingatheke kuzizindikira zikakhala kuti sizingoyenda pansi, zitaikidwa pansi kapena zobisika munkhokwe zamtchire. Yemwe angagwere amakopeka ndi nyambo yowunikira, yomwe ili pamzere wa nyanja kumapeto kwa mtundu wa ndodo - mphete yakumtunda kwa dongo la nyumba yakunja. Mphindi yomwe ma crustaceans, invertebrates kapena nsomba ikudutsa pafupi ndi eska, monkfish imatsegula pakamwa pake. Zotsatira zake, phukusi limapangidwa, ndipo mtsinje wamadzi, limodzi ndi wozunzidwayo wopanda nthawi yopeza chilichonse, amathamangira mkamwa mwa wotsogola, chifukwa nthawi yomwe imatenga sichidutsa mamililita 6.

Kutengedwa patsamba: bestiarium.kryptozoologie.net

Podikirira nyama, nsomba yam'madzi imatha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupuma pakati pa kupuma kumatha kupitilira mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri.

M'mbuyomu, anthu amakhulupirira kuti "ndodo yonyamula" yomwe ili ndi chingwe chamadzi, chomwe chimayenda mbali zonse, imakopa nyama, ndipo anglerfish imatsegula pakamwa pokhapokha ikakhudza nsomba zanzeru. Komabe, asayansi adatha kuzindikira kuti pakamwa pa nyama zolusa zimatseguka zokha, ngakhale chinthu china chikadutsa chitagwira nyambo.

Anglerfish m'malo mwake ndi adyera komanso owopsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawatsogolera kuti afe. Pokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu ndi m'mimba, mbalame yam'madzi imatha kugwira nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mano akuthwa komanso ataliatali, mlenje sangalole kuti asagwidwe ndi mnzake, yemwe sakukhala m'mimba mwake, ndikugumuka nako. Pali milandu yomwe ikudziwika kuti ili m'mimba mwa nyama yomwe imadyedwa, asodzi adapeza nyama itangotsala masentimita 7000 okha.

Mitundu ya adierekezi am'madzi am'madzi (ma angler), mayina ndi zithunzi.

Mu mtundu wa angler (lat. Lophius) lero muli mitundu 7:

Lophius americanus (Valenciennes, 1837) - American anglerfish (American monkfish)
Lophius budegassa (Spinola, 1807) - wodzigudubuza, kapena wakuwala waku South Europe, kapena wolankhula pang'ono
Lophius gastrophysus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1915) - West Atlantic angler
Lophius litulon (Yordano, 1902) - Far East monkfish, yellow angelfish, angelfish ku Japan
Lophius piscatorius (Linnaeus, 1758) - European monkfish
Lophius vaillanti (Regan, 1903) - angler waku South Africa
Lophius vomerinus (Valenciennes, 1837) - Cape (Burmese) monkfish

Pansipa pali mafotokozedwe a mitundu ingapo ya ma angler.

- Iyi ndi nsomba yotsika pansi (pansi) yolusa, yotalika kuchokera pa 0.9 m mpaka 1.2 m yotalika mpaka 22.6 kg. Chifukwa cha mutu waukulu wozungulira komanso wolumikizira thupi kumchira, mbalame zam'madzi zaku America zimafanana ndi tadpole. Nsagwada yam'kamwa mwa pakamwa pake, pakatikati pamapita kwambiri. Ndizachilendo kuti ngakhale pakamwa atatsekeka, nyama yodya mano imeneyi imakhala ndi mano otsika. Nsagwada zapamwamba komanso zam'munsi zimakhala ndi mano owonda kwambiri, zimakonda kulowa mkamwa ndikufika kutalika kwa 2,5. Ndikosangalatsa kuti m'nthawi yam'munsi nsagwada mano a mzere wa nyanja ali pafupifupi onse akuluakulu ndipo amapangidwa m'mizere itatu. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba, mano akulu amakula pakatikati, ndipo mbali zam'mbali ndi zazing'ono, pambali pake pali mano ang'ono kumtunda kwa khomo lamkamwa. Zopanda zotayidwa zimapezekanso kumbuyo kwa zipsepse. Maso a kansomba kakang'ono kamayang'ana m'mwamba. Monga ma engler onse, ray yoyamba imakhala yayitali ndipo imakula bwino, imawala chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amakhala pamenepo. Khungu lakumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwake amapaka utoto wamtundu wa chokoleti wazithunzi zosiyanasiyana komanso wokutidwa ndi kuwala kakang'ono kapena mawanga amdima, pomwe m'mimba mumakhala mtundu wakuda. Kutalika kwa mzere wam'madzi zamtunduwu kumatha kufika zaka 30. Kuchulukitsa kwa nsomba zam'madzi za ku America kumaphatikizapo gawo lakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean ndi kuya kuya kwa 670 m, kuchokera ku zigawo zaku Canada za Newfoundland ndi Quebec mpaka kugombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dziko la North America ku Florida. Nyamayi imamva bwino m'madzi okhala ndi kutentha kuchokera pa 0 ° C mpaka + 21 ° C pamchenga, miyala, dongo kapena matope osalala, kuphatikiza zipolopolo zakufa zokutidwa ndi zipolopolo.

limafika kutalika kwa mita 2, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu aliyense kupitilira 20 kg. Thupi lonse la nyama zodyerazi limasunthidwa m'njira yochokera kumbuyo mpaka kumimba. Kukula kwa mutu wathunthu kukhoza kukhala 75% kutalika kwa nsomba yonse. Mtundu wa monkfish ku Europe uli ndi kamwa yayikulu yofanana ndi mwezi wotchedwa crescent, wokhala ndi mano owonda, owongoka, mano pang'ono ngati mbeza, ndi nsagwada ya m'munsi yomwe imapitilizidwa patsogolo. Malo otseguka ngati gill ali kumbuyo kwa banzi, mafupa olimbikitsidwa a mafupa a pectoral, omwe amalola ma engler aku Europe kuyenda pansi kapena kukumba. Thupi lofewa, lopanda izi la nsomba zotsalazo limakutidwa ndi mitundu ingapo yamapfupa kapena kutalika kwachikopa kwakutali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. "Zodzikongoletsera" zomwezo mwa mawonekedwe a ndevu zimazungulira nsagwada ndi milomo, komanso mbali ya mutu wa chikopa cha ku Europe. Choyimira chakumapeto chakunja chili chakumapeto kwa ma anal. Malipiro anterior dorsal ali ndi timiyala 6, yoyambirira imakhala pamutu wa angler ndipo imatha kutalika masentimita 40-50. Pamwamba pake pali "thumba" lachikopa lomwe limawala m'madzi amdima. Mtundu wa anthu umasiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo omwe nsombazi zimakhala. Kumbuyo ndi mbali, zokutidwa ndi malo amdima, zitha kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wamtundu wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira, Mosiyana ndi pamimba, lomwe limakhala ndi mtundu woyera. Mtundu wa monkfish ku Europe umakhala ku Atlantic Ocean, kutsuka gombe la Europe, kuyambira pagombe la Iceland mpaka kumapeto ndi Gulf of Guinea. “Zamoyo zokongola” izi sizimapezeka m'madzi ozizira okha a North, Baltic ndi Barents nyanja kapena ku English Channel, komanso mu Black Sea. Ma angler aku Europe amakhala pamtunda wa 18 mpaka 550 m.

Mwapangidwe ndi mtundu, nsomba zam'madzi zamtunduwu ndizoyandikana kwambiri ndi nzika zaku Europe, koma mosiyana ndi izi zimakhala ndi kukula komanso mutu wosafanana ndi thupi. Kutalika kwa mzere wam'nyanja kuchokera pa 0.5 mpaka 1 mita. Kapangidwe ka zida za nsagwada sikasiyana ndi anthu amtundu wina. Mdierekezi wamtunduwu adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuda, pomwe kumbuyo kwake ndi mbali zake zimapakidwa utoto wamtundu wakofiira kapena wonyezimira. Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, thupi la anthu ena litha kuphimbidwa ndimalo amdima kapena owala. Utoto utoto wamtambo wamtambo kapena wamtambo wowala, wopingasa zigawo ndi mutu wa mkanda wamtambo wakuda, ndi wautali kwambiri ndipo ndi osowa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa chinsomba chakuda sichidutsa zaka 21. Mtunduwu umakhala wofalikira kum'mawa kwa Atlantic Ocean pamtunda wonse - kuchokera ku Great Britain ndi Ireland mpaka m'mphepete mwa Senegal, pomwe monkfish imakhala pansi kuya kwa 300 mpaka 650 m. makilomita.

Ndi munthu wokhala m'madzi am'madzi a ku Japan, Okhotsk, Yellow ndi East China Seas, komanso gawo laling'ono la Pacific Ocean kuchokera pagombe la Japan, komwe amapezeka mozama kuyambira 50m mpaka 2 km. Anthu amtunduwu amakula mpaka 1.5 metres. Monga oyimira onse a genus Lophius, nkhono yam'madzi ya ku Japan ili ndi thupi lathyathyathya kumbali yoyang'ana mbali zonse, koma mosiyana ndi abale ake amakhala ndi mchira wautali. Mano akuthwa anakhazikika kummero m'nsagwada yam'munsi yopitilira kutsogolo amakhala mumizere iwiri. Thupi lachikasu la chikaso cha chikasu, lomwe limakutidwa ndi ma tinthu tambirimbiri tambiri, limapaka utoto wonyezimira, pomwe owala ndi mawonekedwe amdima amwazika mwachisawawa. Mosiyana ndi kumbuyo ndi m'mbali, m'mimba mwa mawonekedwe apamadzi aku Far East ndi wopepuka. Zipsepse za dorsal, anal and ventral zimakhala zakuda bii, koma zimakhala ndi maupangiri opepuka.

Cape Angler, kapena Burma Monkfish, (lat.Lophius vomerinus) Ili ndi mutu wambiriwotche komanso mchira wake wamfupi, wokhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Makulidwe a akulu sapitilira mita imodzi. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo sichidaposa zaka 11. Cape Angler imakhala yakuya mamita 150 mpaka 400 kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean, pagombe la Namibia, Mozambique ndi Republic of South Africa. Thupi lofiirira lamtambo wa Burmese limayatsidwa kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kumimba ndipo limakutidwa ndi mphonje zamitundu yambiri. Eska, yemwe ali pamwamba pa ray yoyamba ya dorsal fin, amafanana ndi pang'onopang'ono. Ma gill slits amapezeka kumbuyo kwa zipsepse za mchenga ndipo pang'ono pansipa. Thupi lakumunsi (pamimba) ndi lopepuka, pafupifupi loyera.