India amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ku India kuli zipululu, mapiri, nkhalango zotentha ndi malo otentha, madambo, minda, madambo ndi mitsinje, komanso zilumba.

Kuyamba

Dera la India lili m'dera la Indomalayan biogeographic zone, kupatula malo okwera a Himalayan omwe ali mdera la Palearctic. Nyama zambiri ndizofala kapena zofanana ndi zomwe zimakhala ku Indochina komanso ku Great Sunda Islands, kupatula ena apadera a taxa (mwachitsanzo, banja la njoka zamatumba zachikopa). Zinthu zakale za nthawi ya Cretaceous zikuwonetsa ubale wa nyama zaku India zokhala ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala ku Seychelles ndi Madagascar. Mu Western Ghats, nyamazo zimakhala Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis. Kulekanitsidwa kwa India ndi Madagascar kunachitika zaka pafupifupi 88 miliyoni zapitazo. India anali ngati thiransipoti yomwe idabweretsa mitundu ina yaku Africa ku Eurasia, monga mabanja 5 a achule, mabanja atatu a amphibians opanda miyendo, ndi buluzi weniweni.

Pafupifupi 5% ya malo aku India amadziwika kuti ndi malo achitetezo zachilengedwe.

Ku India, nyama zazikulu monga mkango wa ku India, njovu zaku India, ndulu za ku India ndi agalu a ku Bengal amakhala. Kuphatikiza apo, njati zaku Asia, gaur, Nilgir tar, mitundu ingapo ya agwape - nkhwangwa, zambar, barassinga, Mountzhak ndi ena. , civet, nkhandwe ya ku India, mbulu Ma macaque, anyani onenepa komanso mongoose, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo okhala anthu, nthawi zina m'matawuni, amadziwikanso ku India.

Zomera zaku India

Ngakhale ntchito yofulumira ya anthu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhalango ndi mitundu yazomera idatsalira mdziko muno:

• nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha, zobiriwira nthawi zonse (zofala ku Andaman Islands, ku Himalayas, ku Mizoram),
• nkhalango zam'mapiri, zamapiri (ku Western Ghats, pafupi ndi mapiri a Nilgiri),
• nkhalango zotentha, zachinyezi (zofala kum'mwera kwa India)
• nkhalango zam'malo otentha, onenepa (on the Deccan Plateau, near Sivalik Mountain),
• ma savannahs owuma (chigwa cha Punjab, ku Rajasthan),
• chipululu chopanda chipululu (kumadzulo kwa Rajasthan),
• nkhalango za mangrove (Ganges, Mahanadi ndi mitsinje ina).

Kusintha kwa mitundu yachilengedwe kumapiri kumafanana ndi malo opendekera ku Himalayas: kuchokera kumadera okhala malo otentha kumapeto kwa mapiri kupita kumapiri otsetsereka ndi mapiri a ayezi.

Oimira oposa 7% yazomera zapadziko lonse lapansi amatha kupezeka ku India. M'malo amvula, mitengo ya jat ndi grease (mpaka 37 m kutalika), sissa (dalbergia) ndi teak zimamera. M'madambo akuluakulu muli nkhalango za lime, pagombe lanyimbo za Deccan ndipo kum'mwera kwa boma kuli mitengo ya kanjedza yosiyanasiyana (mitundu yopitilira 20).

Nthambi za kumpoto kwa boma zikuphatikiza chakudera chakuda, laurel, birch, mapulo, coniferous, juniper, ngakhale birch, mkungudza ndi spruce - m'malo okwezeka. Sandalwood ndi Myrobalan amakulira ku Karnataka. Pafupi ndi chipululu cha Thar ndi Western Ghats pali nkhalango zazikulu za mthethe, kuchokera kuchotsedwa komwe utoto wake umakonzekera zovala za amonke Achibuda. Ndipo kudera la Kashmir, mtengo waukulu ndi mkungudza wa Himalayan.

Pafupifupi mbewu 3,000 ku India zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso zauzimu. Utoto wochiritsa umakonzedwa kuchokera paine wautali wambiri kumadera akumadzulo a dzikolo. Nimes (Indian Azadirahta) amatchedwa "mankhwala apamidzi" ndi "Mtengo Waumulungu", pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zake zonse pokonza mapangidwe ambiri a Ayurvedic.

Mtengo wa banyan umatchedwa "nkhalango yamtengo." Mphukira zazikulu zimamera kuchokera kumtengo waukulu wa mtengo wa banyan - mizu ya mlengalenga, ikafika pansi, imakhala mizu, kunenepa, kuyambitsa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zimakhalanso mizu, ndipo monga chilolezo cha nthawi ndi malo. Umodzi wa mitengo yakale kwambiri ya banyan ku India imakula pafupifupi zaka 3,000 ndipo uli ndi mitengo ikuluikulu 3,000, kutalika kwake kupitirira 60 metres.

Fauna aku India

Dziko lanyama la India lili ndi mitundu yocheperako kusiyana ndi mbewu yomwe ili, koma ndizopatsa chidwi. Kudera lonselo, ngakhale kuli ochepa, pali njovu zaku India ndi akambuku achifumu aku Bengal. Malo akuluakulu okhala njovu ndi nkhalango za West Bengal, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh. Ng'ombe yam'nyumba yomwe Amwenye amalemekezedwa ngati nyama yopatulika.

A Himalayas adakhala kunyumba kwa zimbalangondo zakuda komanso zofiirira za Himalayan, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa (nyalugwe wa chisanu), Pallas - mphaka wamtchire, nyalugwe, Tibetan lynx. Madera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa boma ali ndi nyama zambiri zosowa: pamakhala ma lori okhuthala, ma golide agolide, amphaka a temminka, Hulok gibbons - anthropoids, nyalugwe wosuta, nkhumba za nkhumba, ma binturong.

India tsopano ndi malo okhako agulu amakola. Mbidzi zambiri zamtundu wina, komanso mbuzi, anyani, zimapezeka m'nkhalango zake ndi m'misasa. M'mapiri a Nilgiri, m'malo omwe sangafikire, amakumana ndiulendo wamtchire - Gaura - wosalemekeza wamkulu kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Mitundu 216 ya njoka imagawidwa m'chigawo chonse, chachinayi cha iwo ndi chakupha. Njoka yayikulu kwambiri njoka ndi cobra: kutalika kwake kumafikira 5 m, ndipo kuluma kumatha kupha njovu. Ng'ona za Magera zimakhala m'malo osungira madzi oyera, mamba am'mphepete mwa mitengo ya mangong, Ganges ndi ma tributaries - malo okhala ndi ng'ona za gavial.

Munkhalango ya Girsky (Kathivar peninsula), mkango waung'ono wa ku Asia (girsky) wasungidwa. Pagawo la Kazirang National Park (makamaka) pali zipembere zazikulu za ku India.

Pofuna kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi nyama zapadera, India yapanga malo opitilira 500 (23 mwa akambuku awo), malo 13 okhala ndi chilengedwe, malo okhalamo okwana 83.

1. Nyani wopanda mbewa

Kodi Samawoneka bwino? Zinali ngati anachita maopaleshoni angapo ndi dotolo wabwino wa pulasitiki.

Mwa njira, mitundu iyi ya ma macaques amatchedwa Rokselanov rinopithecus, yemwe adadzatcha dzina la mkazi wa Sultiman Suleiman the Magnificent Roksolana. Wogawidwa kumwera kwa China, mitengo zingapo zimakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa India. Yolembedwa mu International Red Book ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi.

Osakula kwambiri, osachepera mita kutalika mpaka 15 makilogalamu. Mphuno zawo zopanda pake, kapena m'malo mwake, kupezeka kwake, sizikuwalola kuti azikhala pamalo otentha kwambiri, kotero poyambira nyengo yamvula amasamukira kumtunda kwa Himalaya, komwe kuli dzuwa ndi chipale chofewa komanso mpweya wabwino.

Oyiwalika kupanga mano :)

2. Panda Opanda

Ndi loto chabe - chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi kukula kwa mphaka! Nyama yofanana kwambiri ndiyovuta kuipeza padziko lapansi.

Ku China ndi India, nyamazi zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira kalekale, koma katswiri wazomera zaku Europe dzina lake Thomas Harding adazipeza zokha m'zaka za zana la 19. Atawona tsikulo atanyamula, anafuula "Wow!" Chifukwa chake amatchedwa - panda wa.

Mwambiri, ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi ndizodziwikiratu: kulemera kwakukulu ndi makilogalamu 6, kutalika ndi mpaka 70 cm. Koma ichi ndi chimbalangondo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti panda yaying'onoyo imasankhidwa ndi asayansi ngati nyama zodya nyama, ngakhale sizidya nyama m'moyo - mphukira za msungwi zokha, zipatso ndi udzu. Amakhala, motere, m'madambo a bamboo pafupi ndi dziwe kummawa kwa India ndi kumwera kwa China.

3. Wachifundo

Ng'ona yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, imangokhala m'madzi a Ganges, endemic. Imadyedwa ndi nsomba, imasiyanasiyana ndi ng'ona zina chifukwa imakhala mwakachetechete pansi pamadzi, yoyandama ndi oxygen kamodzi patsiku.

Koma nthawi yomweyo, miyeso yake imakhala pafupi ndi ng'ona ya Nile - mpaka 6 mita kutalika! Nsagwada zake ndizocheperapo kasanu kuposa ng’ona wamba, koma ali ndi mano opitilira zana. Izi ndichifukwa chakusodza. Samenya anthu, pongofuna kudziteteza.

Dera la Kaluga, Chigawo cha Borovsky, Mudzi wa Petrovo

Tsiku lililonse, zitseko za Cultural Center of India zimatsegulidwa kwa alendo azamalo obwera kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale "ETNOMIR". Maulendo opatsa chidwi komanso mapulogalamu a tchuthi amakupatsani mwayi wokayenda kudera la India, phunzirani za miyambo ya mabanja, chuma chambiri chazambiri komanso zodabwitsa, pezani nawo zaluso ndikuchotsa zikumbutso zomwe mumapanga nokha.

Nyumba ya India ili ndi ziwonetsero zoposa 3,000 zomwe zidachokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana a India. Muwona masinthidwe osema, matayala opingasa ndi ma looms, masks opanga matabwa ochita zisudzo, zidole zamtundu wa Kathputli, zovala zaku India - saris, dhoti, sarong - ndi zina zambiri.

Tikuyembekezerani inu mu nthano ya kukongola kodabwitsa kotchedwa Cultural Center of India ku ETNOMIR!

Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana

• Pafupifupi mitundu ya nsomba 2546 (pafupifupi 11% ya dziko ichthyofauna) idapezeka m'madzi aku India.
• Gulu la Amphibian likuyimiridwa ndi mitundu ya 197 (4,4% ya zinyama za padziko lapansi) yomwe ili ndi gawo lalikulu la endemism.
• Kalasi ya Reptile ku India ili ndi mitundu yoposa 408 (6% ya zinyama padziko lapansi).
• Gulu la Mbalame limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1250 (pafupifupi 12% ya avifauna padziko lapansi).
• Kalasi la a Mammals ku India ali ndi mitundu yoposa 410 (pafupifupi 8.86% ya zolengedwa za padziko lapansi.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu

Pansi pali nambala ya mitundu yomwe imapezeka ku India yamagulu osiyanasiyana a invertebrates ndi vertebrates malinga ndi Alfred, 1998.

Chitetezo ndikulimbikitsa

Pofika Novembara 2008, India ali ndi malo osungira mitundu 92, malo osungirako zachilengedwe 355 (malo osungirako nyama zakutchire), komanso malo osungira nyama zina. Pakati pa malo otchuka amtundu wonse omwe amapatsa mwayi wodziwa ndi nyama za India m'malo okhala - Corbett, Bandhavgarh, Mudumalai, Sasan-Gir, Kaziranga, Kanha, Keoladeo, Sundarban, Eravikulam.

Gologolo wamkulu waku India

India ndi kwawo kwa gologolo wamkulu ku India (Ratufa indica) Ndi mtundu wamtchire komanso wowoneka bwino wazinyama. Monga lamulo, mapuloteni akuluakulu ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake munthawi ya kubereka. Amakhala munkhalango zobiriwira za India. Mu 1984, Bhimashankar Zinyama Zakutchire zidapangidwa ndi cholinga choyambirira chotetezera malo a nyama izi. Malo opatulika amapezeka m'dera la Pune, India.

Malabar wokhala ndi chingwe

Malabar wokhala ndi chingwe (Psittacula columboides) yatha ku Western Ghats of India. Parrot imakhala ndi mtundu wa imvi ndi khosi lakuda ndi kumapera mchira wachikaso. Akazi amakhala ndi mulomo wakuda, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mulomo wofiyira. Kola yakuda yaimuna pansipa imakhala ndi chingwe chobiriwira, pomwe wamkazi amakhala ndi kolala yakuda. Mbawala ya Malabar imakonda kukhala m'miyala yamitengo, makamaka yomwe imapanga mitengo yamatabwa ndi mbalame zina. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zamtchire zimagulitsidwa ngati ziweto, ngakhale kuti malonda amenewa ndi osaloledwa ku India.

Phula la Nilgirian

Mitundu yokhala pangozi komanso pangozi, phula la Nilgirian (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) imagawidwa kumapiri a Nilgiri ku Western Ghats, komwe kuli kumayiko aku India a Kerala ndi Tamil Nadu. Tari ya Nilgirian ndi mbuzi yotsika, woyimira banja la bovine. Nyama zamtunduwu, zomwe zimatchulidwa pakugonana zimawonedwa pamene zazimuna zikula komanso zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, mosiyana ndi zazikazi.

Zopangira za Nilgirian zimakonda mapiri a Western Ghats pamtunda wa 1200 mpaka 3000 metres. Kusaka ndi kupha nsomba kunachepetsa kwambiri mitunduyi. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma phukusi a Nilgirian chitha kuwonedwa ku Eravikulam National Park ku India ku Kerala. Anthu opitilira 800 amitundu iyi adakhalapo paki iyi potsatira anthu.

Msungwi wamkulu waku India

Indian Great Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) ndi mbalame yayikulu yomwe maonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amayerekezedwa ndi nthiwatiwa. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwama mbalame oopsa kwambiri kuuluka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India komanso Pakistan. Mbalameyi ndi yachilendo kwambiri ndipo chakudya chake chimaphatikizapo magawo onse azomera ndi tizilombo. Bustard wamkulu amakhala m'malo otseguka ndi zitsamba, komanso malo owuma komanso ouma. Mu 2013, boma la India lidakhazikitsa polojekiti ya Great Indian Bustard kuti ipititse patsogolo chitetezo cha mitundu yomwe ili pangoziyi. Mu 1979, malo opangidwa ndi khomo adakhazikitsidwa ku Solapur, Maharashtra, kuti apulumutse mbalamezi.

Amayi

Ng'ombe

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Njovu ya India

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Ngwete ya Bengal

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Ngamira

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Hood Gulman

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Levinohovsky macaque

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Nkhumba

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Mkango waku Asia

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Mongoose

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Makoswe wamba

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Agologolo akuuluka aku India

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Panda wamng'ono

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Galu wamba

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Nkhandwe yofiira

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Mmbulu ya ku Asia

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Gaur

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Gologolo wamkulu

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Indian phula la India

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Chipembere cha ku India

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Wanjala wamba

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Buffalo yamadzi

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Chikopa

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Chithunzi cha ku India (nkhokwe)

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Nkhandwe ya India

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Wotsogolera waku India

Chithunzi cha ku India (Antilope cervicapra), wodziwika bwino ngati nkhokwe, ndi wobadwira ku India ndi Nepal. Kutalika kwa kufota kumayambira pa 74 mpaka 84 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 20-57 kg. Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazitali zautali, kumbuyo kwa bulauni, ndipo m'mimba mwawo, pachifuwa ndi mbali yamkati ya miyendo ndiyopepuka. Mwa akazi, mmalo mwa utoto wakuda, kuwala kofiyira kumawonetsedwa, ndipo nyanga zimathanso kukula. Izi ndi diurnal ndi herbivores. Amakhala m'madambo komanso m'nkhalango zosowa. Pakadali pano, nkhokwe zimayesedwa ndi IUCN ngati nyama zomwe zili pafupi pachiwopsezo.

Ngakhale nzika za India ndi Nepal zimateteza chithunzichi chifukwa cha kufunika kwachipembedzo, kusaka kwa Briteni m'mbuyomu komanso ozembetsa masiku ano kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Lamulo la India limaletsa kwathunthu kusaka antelopes aku India. Nyamazi zitha kuwoneka m'malo osungira mitundu, kuphatikizapo Sasan-gir National Park (Gujarat), Velavadar National Park (Gujarat), Ranthambore National Park (Rajasthan) ndi ena.

Mbalame

Chikhalidwe cha ku India

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Pikoko wachimwenye

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Malabar parrot

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Zabwino kwambiri

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Bakha wowomba muluzu

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Kettlebell (Cotton Dwarf Goose)

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Moni

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Pikoko wachimwenye

Wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowoneka bwino komanso kuthengo kwake, Indian Peacock (Pavo cristatus), kapena m'malo mwake, wamwamuna wamtunduwu ndi mbalame ya ku India. Amuna a peacock ali ndi utoto wowala kuposa zazikazi, ndipo amatchuka chifukwa cha "kuvina" kwawo kosangalatsa. Pikoko ya ku India imagawidwa m'dziko lonselo komwe imatetezedwa ku kusaka motsatira malamulo. Mbidzi zambiri za mbalame m'nkhalango za India nthawi zambiri zimasonyezeratu kupezeka kwa zilombo (monga kambuku).

Tizilombo

Nyanga

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Scorpion wofiyira

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Chonona chakuda

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Chithandizo cham'madzi

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Hood Gulman

Hood Gulman, kapena Nilgirian wowonda-thupi (Trachypithecus johnii) ndi mtundu wa India womwe umakhala m'mapiri a Nilgiri kumwera kwa India kumayiko aku India a Karnataka, Tamil Nadu ndi Kerala. Ubweya wakuda wonyezimira umaphimba thupi la gulmn, komanso tsitsi la bulauni lagolide limakula pamutu pa nyama. Hood gulman amakhala m'magulu a nyani 9-10 ndipo amadya zipatso, masamba, mphukira ndi magawo ena a mbewu. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kupha nsomba (pofuna kupeza nyama ndi ubweya) kunachepetsa gawo lalikulu la anthu amtunduwu, ndipo potere adakhala osatetezeka, malinga ndi IUCN.

Zamoyo ndi Njoka

Gavial waku Ghana

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Ngulu yosamba

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Indian cobra

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Manda aku India

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Russell Viper

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Indian cobra

Wobadwa India kapena wochititsa chidwi (Naja naja) ndi imodzi mwa njoka zapoizoni kwambiri ku India, ndipo ndi yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwakuluma mdziko muno. Mtunduwu wafalikira kudera lonselo ku India, kupatula malo okwera kwambiri okhala malo opitilira 600 m ndi zipululu. Cobra wooneka bwino amapezekanso m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, kumene amakopeka ndi makoswe ndi mbewa zomwe zimakhala m'nyumba za anthu.Njoka iyi imatulutsa poyizoni wamphamvu yemwe amachepetsa minofu, ndipo mu milingo yoopsa imapangitsa kumangidwa kwa mtima kapena kulephera kupuma.

Vanderu

Amadziwikanso kuti Malawi's-fly Macaque (Macaca silenus) ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka ku Western Ghats chakumwera kwa India. Vanderu ali ndi tsitsi lakuda thupi lake ndi nkhope yake, komanso nduwira yoyera m'mutu mwake. Kumapeto kwa mchirawo kuli mtolo wakuda womwe ukufanana ndi mchira wa mkango, chifukwa chake dzina loti mkango-wamisala.

Nyama izi zimatha kukhala zaka 20 kuthengo. Vanderu amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha nthawi zonse ndipo nthawi yamasana, yamtchire komanso yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani. Pafupifupi anthu 3000-3500 okha ma macaques okhala ndi tsitsi lamkango omwe amakhalabe kuthengo la India ku Kerala. Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango chifukwa chakukula kwa minda yayikulu yaulimi kwachepetsa anthu aku Vanderu, popeza nyama izi makamaka zimakhala pamitengo.

Ganges dolphin

Magulu awiri otsala a dolphin aku Ghana, kapena ku South Asia dolphin (Platanista gangeticamonga: Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) ndi dolphin ya ku Indus (Platanista gangetica achichepere) Ma subspecies oyamba ndiofala m'mitsinje ya Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna ndi Karnembere-Sangu ku Bangladesh ndi India, ngakhale kuti kale lidafalikira ku Nepal. Chiwerengero chochepa chikhoza kupezeka mumtsinje wa Ghaghara ndipo mwina mumtsinje wa Kosi. Anthu ambiri amtundu wachiwiri (P. g. Wamng'ono) imagawidwa pakati pa madamu a Sukkur ndi Guddu ku Sindh, Pakistan.

Ma dolphins, malinga ndi IUCN, amadziwika kuti ali pangozi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje, kusaya kwa mitsinje, kusaka ndi kupha nsomba, ndi kufa chifukwa chopha nsomba ndi zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepera kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi. Boma la India likuyesetsa kupulumutsa dolphin yaku Ghana, kuphatikizapo kupanga mtunduwu ngati nyama yam'madzi ya m'dziko muno.

Ganges Gavial

Ganges Gavial (Gavialis gangeticus),, ndi mtundu wabadwa wamakoko a Indian subcontinent. Mtunduwu ndi woopsa kwambiri, ndipo ndi anthu 200 okha omwe atsala. Izi zothamangitsidwa zimadziwika kuti ndizimodzi mwazitali kwambiri zazokwanira ndipo zimatha kufika 5.5 mita. Nsomba ndiyo chakudya chachikulu cha Gangan gavial, ndi mano 110 akuthwa, mpope woonda wautali amatha kusinthidwa kuti ugwidwe ndikuwudya.

Pomwe anali ambiri kuyambira kumtsinje wa Irrawaddy kum'mawa kupita ku Indus kumadzulo, koma malo omwe adatsika adatsika mpaka 2% kuchokera pamtundu wakale. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kuipitsidwa ndi mpweya wa madzi, kusefukira kwa nsomba komwe mamba amadyako ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepetsera nyama izi. Malinga ndi IUCN, ma gaviali a Gangan ali pafupi kutha.

Gubach

Gubach (Melursus ursinus) ndi mtundu wa zimbalangondo zausiku, zosatetemera zomwe zimachokera ku Indian subcontinent. Chimbalangondo ichi chimadya tizilombo, uchi ndi zipatso. Imasinthanso mapanga ndi milomo yotalikilapo yomwe imathandizira kukumba zisa ndikupeza tizilombo. Mbawala zazitali, zazitali komanso ubweya kuzungulira nkhope zawo.

Zimbalangondo zimatha kuwukira anthu akakhala kuti akuwopsezedwa kapena akungoyendayenda m'midzi yakumidzi kukafunafuna chakudya. Ma Gubach pano adawonetsedwa kuti ndi osatetezeka chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala komanso kusaka. Amatetezedwa ndi malamulo, ndipo malo angapo akhazikitsidwa ku India kuti asunge khola lamtunduwu.

Ngulu yosamba

Amatchedwanso mage (Crocodylus palustris), ng'ona iyi imagawidwa kwambiri ku Indian subcontinent. Chimakhala m'madziwe, m'madzi, m'madambo, ndi mitsinje yodekha. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi ndipo ali ndi chophukira chachikulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse yamoyo yomwe imatsala. Izi zokwawa zili kumtunda kwa chakudya ndipo zimadya mbalame, nyama zokwawa, nsomba ndi zinyama. Ng'ona zazitali ndizokwanira mokwanira ndipo zimatha kuwopsa pamoyo wamunthu. Kutayika kwa Habitat, kusaka, komanso kuzunza anthu kumabweretsa chiopsezo pakupulumuka kwamtunduwu, womwe umadziwika kuti ndiwosauka, malinga ndi IUCN.

Chingwe cha ku India

Chingwe cha ku India (Panthera pardus fusca) ndi nyama yolusa mwachangu komanso yankhanza yomwe imagawidwa ku subcontinent ya India. Nyamazi sizipanga mausiku, zimangokhala zokha komanso sizachilengedwe. Izi ndizosambira zamphamvu, okwera komanso othamanga. Kafukufuku wadziko lonse womwe adachitika mu 2014, kupatula kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, adawonetsa kuti anthu 7,910 mwa mabungwe omwe adasungidwa adatsalira m'malo omwe adawerengedwa.

Chiwerengero chenicheni chimatha kuchoka pa 12,000 mpaka 14,000 anthu. Masiku ano, nyalugwe ku India amadziwika kuti IUCN ndi "mitundu yosavutikira." Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, malonda osaloledwa mthupi ndi khungu la kambuku, komanso kuzunzidwa pamikangano ya anthu ndi zina mwazifukwa zazikulu zakutha kwa amphaka akuluakuluwa mu subcontinent.

Chipembere cha ku India

Mbulu waku India (Rhinoceros unicornis) ndi imodzi mwazitini zamtchire zaku India. Rhinos, yomwe nthawi ina imapezeka kudera lonse la Indo-Gangetic kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa India, tsopano idataya malo omwe amakhalapo chifukwa chodula mitengo yambiri komanso kuphuka. Kufunikira kwa lipenga la njuchi pakukonzekera mankhwala achikhalidwe aku China kwachititsanso kuti anthu zikwizikwi aphedwe. Malinga ndi IUCN, chipembere cha ku India chimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosauka. Nyama izi zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi madera a North India, Bhutan ndi Nepal.

Mkango waku Asia

Mkango wa kuasia kapena Mkango wa India (Panthera leo persica) ndi imodzi mwamipanda yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imapezeka ku India. Ngakhale mkango waku Asia udayendayenda madera akulu a ku Europe ndi Asia, lero anthu atchigawochi amakhala ku Gir Forest National Park ku Gujarat, India. Mkango waku Asia umasiyana ndi wa ku Africa chifukwa umakhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono chotukuka komanso mtolo wokulirapo. Census ya 2015 idawonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha mikango yaku Asia chakwera kwambiri. Zikuyerekezeredwa kuti anthu 523 amakhala m'dera la 20,000 km².

Njovu ya India

Ulendo ku nkhalango za ku India sudzakwaniritsidwa ngati simunawonepo njovu zolemekezeka kwambiri, zachikhalidwe komanso zanzeru zaku India (Elephas maximus chizindikiro) Njovu ku India zimakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse, m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zowuma. Njovu zimadya masamba pafupifupi 150 kg tsiku lililonse.

Anthu sanasiye mtundu wamtunduwu wokha ndipo kuchuluka kwa njovu ku India kwatsika ndi 50% pazaka zitatu zapitazi. Izi zidapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale pachiwopsezo cha kutha, malinga ndi IUCN. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kupha minyanga ya njovu, ngozi za pamsewu, kugawikana kwa malo okhala ndikuzunza anthu zapangitsa kuti ziwombozi zichepe kwambiri. Amatetezedwa pano ndi malamulo aku India, ndipo mtundu uliwonse wovulaza omwe adachitidwa ndi njovu izi umazunzidwa ndikuwalangidwa.

Ngwete ya Bengal

Chinyama chamtundu wa India ndi Bangladesh, nguluwe ya Bengal (Panthera tigris tigris) ndiko kunyada kwa nkhalango za ku India. Kambalaka ya Bengal imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, luso lapamwamba kwambiri komanso kufunika kosamalira. Kuteteza kambuku la Bengal ndikofanana ndikusunga chilengedwe chonse m'nkhalangozi momwe nyalugwe umakhala. Akambuku a Bengal anali atatsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo mu 2010, amakhulupirira kuti 1,411 okha ndi omwe adatsala.

Pamenepa, boma la India, mabungwe azachilengedwe komanso azachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe a India adakumana kuti apange mapulani opulumutsa tiger. Nkhani yabwino idabwera mchaka cha 2014, pomwe kuchuluka kwa akambuku a Bengal adatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza kwa anthu 2,226. Komabe, zoopseza zamtunduwu zikupezekabe pakali pano, ndipo kuti chiwerengero cha akambuku a Bengal chiwonjezeke mwachangu m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi, chisamaliro chapadera ndikuwongolera ziyenera kuchitidwa.

Khalidwe la ng'ombe ku India

Anthu aku India amakhala ochenjera makamaka kusamalira ng'ombe. Amaganiziridwa nyama zopatulika ku India. Amamulemekeza monga Amayi, omwe, limodzi ndi mkaka wake, amapereka Moyo kwa onse okhala padziko lapansi pano. Chifukwa chake, amavomerezedwa ngati membala wathunthu pakati pa anthu amwenye. Ndikoletsedwa kumenya. Mutha kumakumana naye mu lesitilanti yodula. Mwini malo odyera sangakwiye. Adzapereka ng'ombe yopatulikayo ndi chosangalatsa ndikumatsogolera modekha "mlendo" wotuluka. Cowani mu India timatha kumasuka panjira. Ndipo oyendetsa onse adzayendayenda mozungulira mpaka nyamayo payokha ikapita kumalo ena. Za kupha ng'ombe yopatulika ku India atha kukhala zaka 15 m'ndende. Ndipo munthu amene adachita izi amadandaula kwambiri osati chifukwa chakumangidwa. Adzawonetsetsa kuti adawononga karma yake miyoyo yambiri pasadakhale, ndikupha nyama yopatulika ku India.

Nyama iyi imakhala ngati mayi weniweni. Ndiye namwino wa anthu. Kodi ndizotheka kupha amayi anu kuti mudzikwaniritse ndi nyama yake? Kwa Amwenye onse okhulupilira, izi ndi zopweteka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, palibe amene sangakwanitse kudya nyama ya ng'ombe. Kuteteza ng'ombe zopatulika ku India, munthu amateteza Mulungu mwini. Mapemphelo ambiri amaperekedwa kwa iye.

Ng'ombe zimatha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa Indian. Chochititsa chidwi, ng'ombe ku India sizimakonda zathu. M'malo mwake amalira. Phokoso lawo limakhala ngati kubangula kwa kambuku.

Ng'ombe ikakalamba, anthu ambiri amangoyiyendetsa mumsewu. Amwenye amakhulupirira kuti ayenera kupereka ndalama zambiri ngati nyamayo yafa kunyumba kwawo. Popeza ndalama zotere sizikhala za aliyense, nkosavuta kulola kuti nyamayo ipite. Nyama zosauka kopanda anthu zimakhala pamsewu, ndikupanga magalimoto obwera.

Njovu - chizindikiro cha India

Zosasinthika, poyang'ana koyamba, nyama imapatsidwa malingaliro amaso ndikuyankha mwachangu. Njovu ku India inali thandizo lodalirika ndipo idathandizira kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa India. Ananyamula katundu wolemera. Inali galimoto yodalirika m'malo ovuta. Nyamayi idagwidwa m'malo akumtchire ndikuphunzitsidwa kuti imvere anthu. Ku ukapolo, njovu zidaberekanso, koma zidatengedwa kuti zithandizire zaka 7 zokha. Ngakhale kuti ndi nyama zazikulu, koma mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri njovu zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofooka ndikulephera kugwira ntchito.

Pazambiri za maubwenzi apakati pa mayiko werengani nkhaniyi: India-Moscow.

Njovu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo. Amavala yunifolomu yankhondo ndipo adawakhudza kwambiri mdani. Zinali zothokoza kwa nyama izi kuti nthawi zakale zinkatha kuchititsa asitikali a Alexander the Great kuthawa.

Kuyambira kalekale njovu ku india anali munthu wa nzeru, mphamvu ndi kusamala. Chithunzi chake chimagwira monga chizindikiro cha mphamvu yachifumu. Ndi nyama iyi yomwe ndi chisonyezero cha mikhalidwe yomwe mutu wa wamkulu amayenera kukhala nayo: malingaliro apamwamba, malingaliro olowerera, malingaliro, kudekha komanso ubwenzi.

Kupembedza njoka ku India

M'dziko lino lino njoka zimakhala mwaulere zokha. Mutha kukumana ndi njoka ku India kulikonse, ngakhale hotelo ya nyenyezi zambiri ikhoza kukhala ndi "alendo" otere. Panyengo yamvula yambiri, madzi amadzaza nyumba zawo, ndipo njoka zambiri zimawonekera m'nyumba za anthu. Atakumana ndi njoka m'nyumba mwake, Mhindu samamuponyera ndodo. Amayesa kunyengerera njokayo kuti ichoke kunyumba. Ngati sakufuna kuchita izi, mwiniwake adzaitana othandizira njoka. Ndipo palibe amene adzadabwe, chifukwa njokayo imawonedwanso kuti ndi yoyera nyama zaku India. Ntchito yausitala ikufa. Mwa ntchito yake, munthu uyu amalandila ma rupe 40 mpaka tsiku. Ndalamazi sizokwanira kupezera banja lanu ndalama zofunikira zothandizira kupeza zofunika pamoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe amachita zowerengera amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a m'mapapo. Malinga ndi madokotala, izi ndichifukwa choti, akamagwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera, munthu amachulukitsa mapapo. Anthu awa akusintha pang'ono momwe akuwongolera. Amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwira njoka m'mizinda yayikulu. Kupatula apo, kuchokera kuluma njoka mdziko la India anthu ambiri akufa.

Cobra ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, aliyense akufuna kugona. Kenako malankhulidwe amasokonezeka, minyewa ya m'maganizo imawonedwa, minyewa yopuma imafooka, kenako n kufa.

Kuluma kwa njoka yam'mimba ndi njoka zobiriwira, zomwe zimapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, ndizopanso. Inde, pali katemera kutsutsana ndi kulumidwa ndi njoka izi, koma sizotheka kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake.

Ku India, mitundu mazana awiri mphambu khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri a njoka. Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu makumi asanu ndi iwiri imawonedwa kuti ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri mdziko muno.

Za momwe moyo ku India umasiyanirana ndi wathu werengani nkhaniyi: Momwe amakhala ku India.

Ndodo yong'ambika yomwe imagawanika imagwira ntchito ngati chida chomata chiwembu. Anthu mothandizidwa ndi chida chaching'ono ichi agwira njoka, amawachotsa iwo m'malire amzindawo ndikuwamasula.

Vuto ndi agalu

Agalu osangalatsa ku India. Pazifukwa zina, onse ali ndi zipsinjo zambiri komanso maso olankhula zambiri. Agalu ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi wamwini wawo, yemwe nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa yekha. Agalu amatha kukumana ndi kutsagana ndi munthu pagombe. Sakupempha kanthu, koma akuyesera kuyang'ana m'maso mwawo. Ngati munthu akonda galu wotere, amatha kuyika mutu pamwendo, kuzindikira mnzake mwa iye. Agalu nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka pazipilala zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa villa. Kutalika kwa zipilala ndi mikono iwiri. Kodi zimathera bwanji pamenepa? Ichi ndi chinsinsi kwa amwenye.

Koma chosasangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa ndi momwe agalu amapulumutsira dzuwa. Kuti achite izi, amapita kunyanja, kukapeza malo abwino pansi pa kanjedza ndikuyang'ana kwambiri dzuwa likalowa. Mwakachetechete iwo amawonera masewerawa pakati pa kuwala ndi nyanja. Dzuwa likamalowa, agalu amatuluka mwakachetechete ndikupita kukagona usiku. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, kukayikira kuti anali munthu m'miyoyo yawo yapita kumatha.

Ku India, mwatsoka, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha agalu osochera padziko lapansi. Ndipo ili ndi vuto lalikulu mdziko lonse, chifukwa pafupifupi anthu 20,000 amafa ndi matenda a chiwewe chaka chilichonse. M'madera akumidzi akutali (komwe anthu sanaphunzitsidwe) pali lingaliro kuti pambuyo kuluma mutha kutenga pakati ndi galu. Ndipo ambiri amakhulupirira izi, motero, machitidwe awo amakhalanso odabwitsa. Anthu amati ana agalu amakula mkati mwawo ndipo amayamba kubaya. M'malo mopita kwa madokotala aluso, amapita kwa ochiritsa. Ndipo amapereka malangizo ake, mothandizidwa ndi ana agalu omwe akuti "amasungunuka ndi kutuluka" kudzera m'mimba.

Amphaka odabwitsa a India

Amphaka amwenye amtundu wina nawonso ndi osiyana ndi amphaka athu wamba. Onsewa ali ndi phokoso lalitali; ng'ombe ndi agalu ali ofanana. Simungamve kuchokera ku mphaka wa ku India kuti puritibwi wofatsa kapena wowonda wamba. Amadziluma, monga ng'ombe. Ali ndi chikhalidwe chotchedwa melancholic.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta India

M'mbuyomu, kunali akambuku masauzande ambiri mdziko muno. Usiku, anthu amawopa kusunthira kutali ndi magetsi, kuti asayanjane ndi nyalugwe. Pali vuto la munthu chifukwa chakuti akambuku ambiri asandulika chiphadzuwa. Nthawi zambiri, chipolopolo sichimapha mwadzidzidzi chilombocho, koma chinkamuvulaza. Chilombo chovulazidwa komanso chofooka chimatha kusaka nyama yokha. Mwiniwakeyo adasandulika izi.

Champavat tigress amatulutsa, monga owopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha iye oposa 400 anafa. Adaphedwa ndi mlenje wotchuka Jim Corbett.

Pazomera ndi zomera zapadera za ku India werengani nkhaniyi: Mtundu wa India.

Ngwete ya Bengal ndiyotchuka chifukwa chokongola komanso kutchuka. Malo omwe amakhala ndi mapiri a Himalaya, nkhalango, zigwa komanso mapiri.

Masiku ano, nyama zamtchire zilibe kuchuluka kwa nyama zokongola izi. Tsopano atetezedwa, motero chiwerengero chawo chinayambanso kuchuluka.

Nyani ndi mavuto ochokera kwa iwo

Anthu aku India amakonda anyani, powaganiziranso kuti ndi anthu oyera. Nyama izi zimangodzaza malo onse m'mizinda. Sali ndi vuto lililonse. Nthawi zambiri anyani amaluma anthu ndi kuvulaza nyumba zawo. Gulu la anyani limasilira anthu odutsa, amatenga chakudya ndikutenga zipewa. Chifukwa chake, agwidwa. Koma nyama izi ndizanzeru ndikuzigwira sizophweka. Komabe, anthu ndi achifundo kwa anyani, kuwadyetsa. Amphongo aja omwe adatha kugwira ndikukutulutsa mu mzindawu, patapita nthawi, akubwerera.

Chimbudzi cha nkhumba

Nkhumba ndizakutali ndi nyama zopusa. Adadzipulumutsa okha kunjala, amadya chilichonse chomwe chimabwera pamaso pawo. Samanyoza ngakhale chakudya chokhazikika, kudya zinyalala komanso kutulutsa zinyalala kwamunthu.

Chipinda chankhumba cha mbuzi ku Goa ndichimbudzi cham'mudzi nthawi zonse pamwamba pa dzenjelo, chomwe chalumikizidwa ndi nkhumba. Nkhumba zonse zimadya chilichonse chosagwera mundodo yawo. Zimbudzi zoterezi ndidakali ku India lero.

Amiseche aku India

Zachilengedwe zidawalenga ngati mbano. Chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakuluwo, amatha kuzungulira kwa maola angapo. Milomo yawo imatha kukumba ndi kudya nyama. Mbalamezi zimagwira gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe.

Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, anali ambiri ku India. Kenako adayamba kufa chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo a impso. Iwo anali atasowa. Adapeza kuti chomwe chidawapangitsa kuti aphedwe chinali diclofenac. Mankhwalawa adaperekedwa kwa ng'ombe zothandizira kupweteka. Kudya mitembo ya ng'ombe, thupi la misempha silingathe kupirira mankhwalawa ndipo adamwalira. Akuluakulu aku India aletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa chifukwa makoswe ndi agalu olusa atenga malobvu. Izi zadzetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda pakati pa anthu.

Osiyanasiyana kwambiri komanso apadera m'njira zake. nyama zaku India. Idzala ndi mimbulu ndi ankhandwe, njovu ndi ngamila, agwape, zimbalangondo, agalu ndi nyama zina zambiri. Mokwanira pali mitundu 350 ya zinyama, pafupifupi mitundu 1200 ya mbalame ndi mitundu 20,000 ya tizilombo. Zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Nyama zowopsa kwambiri ku India, kanema:

Moyo wam'madzi

Dolphin ya Mtsinje

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Whale shark

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Giant catfish

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Pomaliza

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, akambuku pafupifupi 1,411 achi Bengal adangokhala mwachilengedwe chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Akambuku a ku Bengal ndi nyama yamtundu ku India, nyama zoyenda kwambiri padziko lapansi.

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Dera lililonse ku India lili ndi nyama yake, mbalame ndi zomera. Mbawala za ku India zimayendayenda m'chipululu cha Rajasthan. Nyani zimakhomera pamitengo yamvula. Shaggy yaks, abuluu abuluu ndi mbewa zazingwe zimakwera mapiri amiyala a Himalayan.

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Ku India, kuli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njoka. Wotchuka komanso wowopsa kwambiri ndi mfumu cobra, ndi yayikulu komanso yamphamvu. Russell Viper wochokera ku India ndiwopysa kwambiri.