Cancer Florida (Procambarus clarkii), yotchedwanso khansa ya thonje, idapambana chidwi cha azungu aku Europe mu 1973.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako, mtundu wosangalatsa komanso wosasunthika, khansa ya Florida ndiyotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi a mayiko onse.

Habitat: kumpoto kwa Mexico, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa North America. M'nyumba muli mafunde, mitsinje, nyanja, mitsinje, maiwe. Amakumana ndi nyengo yachilala, kubisala m'maenje okumbika.

Kufotokozera: Mtundu wotchuka wa khansa ku Florida ndi wofiyira, koma mtundu wake umakhudzidwa ndi zakudya komanso mikhalidwe. Mtundu wofiirawu umachuluka ndi carotenoids wambiri mu chakudya, ndipo pakapanda kuchuluka kwa mitundu yofiira mu menyu, nsomba zazinkhanira zimakhala zofiirira. Asodzi a nsomba zamtchire omwe amakhala ndi ma mussels amatembenukira mtundu wamtambo komanso wamtambo.

Cephalothorax ndimdima. Thupi ndi zibwano zimakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono, tofiirira tofiirira komanso timaso totuwa.

Amphwayi ndi okulirapo, nsapato zawo ndizitali komanso zamphamvu, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo yopindika imasinthidwa kukhala gonopodia, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti ichidwe.

Khansa ya Florida - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi - kusiyana.

Kukula kwa khansa ya Florida kumafika masentimita 12 mpaka 13.

Cancer Florida (Procambarus clarkii chipale choyera).

Makonzedwe ndi magawo a m'madzimo: Kwa achinyamata 6 - 10 a khansa, pamafunika malita 200. Khansa ya ku Florida imatha kukhala yokhayokha komanso awiriawiri, koma sungathe kusunga amuna awiri okha, izi ndi zoyipa ndi imfa ya m'modzi wa iwo.

Pobisalira zambiri kuchokera ku zigamba, zinthu zadothi, miyala ndiyofunikira. Achinyamata amakonda kubisala m'nkhalango zazomera zazing'ono zazing'ono. Ndikusowa pogona Cancer Florida (Procambarus clarkii) amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakangana.

Khansa iyenera kupita kumtunda. Zomera zapamwamba kwambiri, driftwood, zida zamakono ndizoyenera izi. Aquarium wokutidwa ndi chivundikiro.

Florida nsomba zazinkhanira zambiri zimayenda pansi, zimakonda kukumba m'nthaka, chifukwa chake mchenga, womwe umaphwetsa madzi kwambiri, sugwira ntchito.

Magawo Amadzi: 23-28 ° C, dGH 10-15, pH 6-7.5.

Amatha kulekerera kuchepa kwa kutentha mpaka 5 ° C ndikukwera mpaka 35 ° C.

Khansa Floridamzimu (Procambarus clarkii Ghost).

Amafunikira kusefedwa kwamadzi ndi madzi 1/5 sabata iliyonse.

Ngati khansa ya ku Florida yadzaza, sikuti imakhala pachiwopsezo cha nsomba, koma anjala amatha kudya nsomba zochepa. Ndizogwirizana ndi ma gourams, barba ndi cichlids aku Malawi, komabe, izi zimakhala zowopsa chifukwa cha khansa yomwe sinadziwike ndi chipolopolo panthawi yopukuta.

Chakudya: Khansa ya ku Florida ndiyopatsa chidwi. Ndi chilako chomwechi, amadya nsomba, nyama, squid, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, kaloti, shrimp, coronet, tubule, ma plates owuma ndi mapiritsi. Masamba a thundu, mapulo, birch, mtedza kapena amondi a India ayenera kugona pansi nthawi zonse. Zakudya zaudzu zimakhala ndi letesi, sipinachi, masamba a kabichi ndi dandelion. M'miyeso yaying'ono, mapira, mpunga ndi tirigu wa barele wophika m'madzi okha. Ndizosangalatsa kudya nkhono ndi kumira.

Ntchito: Florida nsomba zazinkhanira kumadzi chaka chonse ndi zazikazi zakonzedwa zopangidwa. Khansa yokhazikika kwambiri imatembenuza mkaziyo kumbuyo kwake ndikuyigwira mpaka mphindi 20. Mzimayiyo akuvomera, ndikakanikizira miyendo yake kupita mthupi, ndikugundana thupi lonse. Yaikazi, yosakonzekera kupakika, imakana mwamunayo.

Kuyambira pomwe umuna kutiikira mazira kumatha kutenga masiku 20-30. Yaikaziyo imayala mabatani a bulauni (mpaka 200 zidutswa) pamiyendo (kusambira miyendo), kenako ndikupeza pobisalira.

Pakadali pano, ziyenera kuyikidwa mu chidebe momwe zimakhazikikamo mawonekedwe a grottoes kapena burrows. Kukhazikika kwa mazira kumazunza kwambiri ndipo sikuloleza aliyense, ngakhale nkhono, kuti abwerere kunyumba.

Iyenera kudyetsedwa ndikuyika chakudya mwachindunji m'khola.

Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, tating'ono ting'onoting'ono 5-8 mm kukula kwake kumawonekera. Kwa masiku angapo amakhala pafupi ndi mayiyo, koma akangoyesa kuti amusiye kwa ana awonekere, nthawi yomweyo wamkazi amakhala pansi. Cholingalira cha makolo omwe amwalira chitha kupangitsa mayi kuti adye ma crustaceans.

Ma crustaceans amatha kutenga daphnia ndi ma cyclops, ma cellworm, magazi owuma owuma. Amakonda masamba osalala a mbewu, zomwe zimawapatsa chakudya ndi pogona.

Amakula mosasinthasintha, zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa kwakanthaŵi kuti aletse matenda.

Amatha kubereka m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu, mpaka kufika 8 cm.

Miyoyo Cancer Swamp Cancer (Procambarus clarkii) mpaka zaka zitatu.

Kufalikira kwa khansa ku Florida.

Khansa yaku Florida imapezeka ku North America. Mtunduwu umafalikira kumadera ambiri kum'mwera ndi pakati pakatikati mwa United States, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico (madera omwe ndi amtunduwu). Florida crayfish idayambitsidwa ku Hawaii, Japan ndi Mtsinje wa Nailo.

Procambarus clarkii

Zizindikiro zakunja za khansa ya ku Florida.

Khansa yaku Florida ili ndi kutalika kwa mainchesi 2.2 mpaka 4.7. Ali ndi fupa wa cephalothorax wophatikizidwa komanso pamimba.

Utoto wophimba chivinous ndi wokongola, wofiirira kwambiri, wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wozungulira pamimba.

Madontho akulu akulu ofiira owoneka bwino pamagonedwe awa: Mtundu uwu umawonedwa ngati mtundu wachilengedwe, koma nsomba zazinkhanira zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe kutengera mtundu wa zakudya. Mwanjira imeneyi, mithunzi yamtambo-yamtambo, yobiriwira, wachikasu kapena yobiriwira. Mukadyetsedwa ndi ma minsels, chivundikiro cha khansayo chimakhala chamtambo. Zakudya zokhala ndi carotene yapamwamba zimapatsa utoto wofiyira kwambiri, ndipo kusowa kwa izi mu chakudya kumabweretsa chakuti mtundu wa khansa umayamba kuzimiririka ndikukhala toni yakuda.

Florida crayfish ali ndi lakuthwa kutsogolo kwa thupi ndi maso akuyenda pa zimayambira. Monga ma arthropod onse, ali ndi kanyama kowonda koma kolimba, kamene amataya nthawi ndi nthawi akungika. Khansa ya ku Florida ili ndi magulu awiri oyenda oyenda, yoyamba yomwe yasintha kukhala zibwano zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso chitetezo. Mimba yofiyira yokhala ndi zigawo zomwe zimalumikizidwa pang'ono komanso zazitali. Tinyanga tambiri ndi ziwalo zogwira. Palinso magawo asanu azinthu zing'onozing'ono pamimba, omwe amatchedwa zipsepse. Carapace ya khansa ya ku Florida kumbali yakunjenjemera sasiyana ndi malo. Khola lanyumba yam'mbuyomu imatchedwa uropods. Uropods ndi flat, wide, mozungulira telson, ndiye gawo lomaliza pamimba. Uropod amagwiritsidwanso ntchito posambira.

Kubwezeretsa khansa ku Florida.

Florida khansa imaswana mochedwa. Amuna amakhala ndi ma testes nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, ndipo thumba losunga mazira akazi ndi lalanje. Feteleza ndi mkati. Umuna umalowa m'thupi la mkazi kudzera pachiwopsezo chotsatira cha miyendo yachitatu, pomwe mazira amakhathamiritsa. Kenako nsomba zazinkhanira zagona pamsana pake ndipo zipsepse zam'mimba zimapanga chigumula chamadzi chomwe chimanyamula mazira okhathamira pansi pa mtengo wopondera, pomwe amakhala pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika kumapeto, muziwoneka mphutsi, ndikukhala pansi pamimba yaikazi mpaka kutha. Akakwanitsa miyezi itatu komanso nyengo yotentha, amatha kubereka mibadwo iwiri pachaka. Zachikazi zazikulu, zathanzi nthawi zambiri zimaberekanso ana opitilira 600.

Khalidwe la Khansa ku Florida.

Chodziwika kwambiri cha mawonekedwe a Florida crayfish ndi kuthekera kwawo kukumba pansi pamatope.

Mbedza zamkati zimabisala m'matope ndikusowa chinyontho, chakudya, kutentha, poyambira komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wotere.

Mbedza zazinkhanira zofiira, monga ma arthropod ambiri, zimakumana ndi nyengo yovuta m'miyoyo yawo - kusungunuka, komwe kumachitika kangapo m'moyo wonse (nthawi zambiri ana a cratfish a Florida omwe nthawi zambiri amakula). Pakadali pano, amasokoneza zochita zawo ndipo amakumba mozama kwambiri. Crawfish pang'onopang'ono amapanga exoskeleton yatsopano pofunda. Wodula wakale akadzilekanitsa ndi khungu, chipolopolo chatsopanocho chimakhala ndikuwala ndikuuma, thupi limachotsa calcium m'madzi. Izi zimatenga nthawi yambiri.

Chitin chikangokhala cholimba, khansa yaku Florida imabweranso moyo wake wachilengedwe. Nsomba zazinkhanira zimagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku, ndipo masana nthawi zambiri zimabisala pansi pa miyala, zibowo kapena mitengo.

Mtengo kwa munthuyo.

Mbedza zansomba zofiirira, ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba zazinkhanira, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya. Makamaka kumadera komwe crustaceans ndiye chopangira chachikulu m'mbale zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ku Louisiana kokha, kuli ma dziwe 48,000 ma dziwe omwe amatulutsa nsomba zazinkhanira. Florida nsomba zazinkhanira zinagulitsidwa ku Japan ngati chakudya cha achule, ndipo tsopano ndi gawo lofunika m'zinthu zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Mtunduwu waonekera m'misika yambiri ku Europe. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zazinkhanira zofiira zimathandizira kuwongolera kwa nkhono zomwe zimafalitsa majeremusi.

Mkhalidwe Wosamalira Florida Cancer.

Khansa yaku Florida ili ndi anthu ambiri. Mtunduwu umasinthidwa bwino ndi moyo uku ukutsitsa madzi mu dziwe ndikukhalabe ophweka, osazama. Kugawidwa kwa IUCN kwa khansa ku Florida ndiye kovuta kwambiri.

Florida nsomba zazinkhanira zimapezeka m'magulu a anthu 10 mu aquarium omwe amatha malita 200 kapena kupitirira.

Kutentha kwamadzi kumasungidwa kuyambira madigiri 23 mpaka 28, pamitengo yotsika, kuchokera madigiri 20, kukula kwawo ndi kukula ndi kukula kumachepa.

The pH imatsimikizika kuyambira 6.7 mpaka 7.5, kuuma kwamadzi ndikuyambira pa 10 mpaka 15. Ikani makina ojambulira ndikusinthitsa zachilengedwe zam'madzi. Madzi adzasinthidwa tsiku lililonse ndi 1/4 ya kuchuluka kwa aquarium. Mutha kubzala mbewu zobiriwira, koma nsomba zazinkhanira ku Florida nthawi zonse zimadya masamba achichepere, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake amasokonekera. Mphuno ndi nkhokwe ndizofunikira pakukula bwino kwa crustaceans, omwe amapeza chitetezo ndi chakudya muzomera wandiweyani. Mkati mwake mumakongoletsedwa ndi pobisalira: miyala, mabatani, zipolopolo za coconut, zidutswa zadongo, komwe amamangamo malo okhala mapaipi ndi makontena.

Florida nsomba zazinkhanira zikugwira ntchito, kuti zisathawe, muyenera kutseka pamwamba pamadzi ndi chivindikiro ndi mabowo.

Nsomba zazinkhanira za Procambarus ndi nsomba siziyenera kuyikidwa limodzi, malo oyandikana otere sakhala otetezeka ku matenda, chifukwa omwe amapezeka ndi khansa amayambitsa matendawa ndikufa.

Florida nsomba zazinkhanira sizabwino mu chakudya chawo, zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi kaloti wowotcha, sipinachi yosankhidwa, zidutswa za scallop, mussels, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, squid. Zakudya zokongoletsedwa za nsomba zam'munsi ndi ma crustaceans, komanso zitsamba zatsopano, zimawonjezedwera pachakudyacho. Monga kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kumapereka choko cha mbalame, kuti njira zachilengedwe zosungunuka sizisokonezedwa.

Chakudya chosawoneka chimachotsedwa, kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala za chakudya kumabweretsa kuonongeka kwa manyowa ndi kunyowa kwamadzi. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, Florida nsomba zazinkhanira ku Florida chaka chonse.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Zochitika

Nsomba zamtunduwu zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimadziwika kuti sizingafanane ndi moyo, komabe, pali miyezo yake ina. Chifukwa chake, anthu ochulukawo omwe mukawagula, mumakhala thanki yambiri momwe angafunikire kupewanso nkhanza, nthawi zina zowopsa. Pa khansa imodzi, madzi ambiri ochokera malita 50 adzafunika (osakwaniritsa musadzaze aquarium mpaka kumphepete). Magawo a madzi samadziwika mwazomwe zimapezeka mu nsomba zina zam'madzi zamadzi amadzimadzi: kutentha - 24-28 ° C, kuuma kuchokera 12 ° dH, acidity - 7-7.5 pH. Kuchepetsa kutentha kumalepheretsa kukula, kusakhala wokhazikika kumalepheretsa kukhazikika kwa chipolopolo chatsopano mutatha kusungunuka. Kusintha kwamadzi - mpaka gawo limodzi mwa kotala mwa voliyumu.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikika kwa nsomba zazinkhanira m'madzi ndi kukhalapo kwa kusefedwa bwino ndi madzi. Apatseni mwayi wopita pamwamba pamadzi (zomera, driftwood, zokongoletsa zomwe zimawalola kukwera pamwamba pa madzi) ndi chivundikiro kuti zoletsa zanu ziziyenda kunja kwa malo omwe zimakhala.

Nthaka itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aliyense, koma khalani okonzekera kuti mchenga umasokonezedwa nthawi zambiri. Zomera, ndibwino kuti musankhe mwamtondo wolimba, muthe kuchira msanga, kapena kuyandama pansi. Aquarium crayfish - okonda akuluakulu kuti atembenuzire zokongola kukhala saladi. Mu malo okhala nsomba za akhwangwala zimakhazikika, malo ambiri obisalamo omwe ayenera kubisala pomwe azisungunuka.

Momwe mungadyetsere nsomba za aquarium

Nsomba zazinkhanira zazimadzi zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe zingafikire - chakudya chamoyo, chakudya chamasamba (saladi, kaloti, kabichi, chimanga chophika), mafakitale amadya nsomba zam'munsi. Njira yabwino yothandizira khansa yofiira ku Florida ndikusinthanitsa ndikusinthanitsa chakudya momwe mungathere. Kudyetsa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti nkhonoyi isinthe pafupipafupi. Khwangwala wamtunduwu amagwira ntchito kwambiri masana, motero zilibe kanthu kuti nthawi yanji yopereka chakudya. Komabe, ngati mumapezeka nsomba m'madzi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti khansayo ipeza chakudya ndendende.

Molting

Kulimitsa nsomba zazinkhanira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndi nthawi ya molting kuti amakula kwambiri kukula. Khansa zing'onozing'ono zimapangidwa molakwika nthawi zambiri; Atapeza michere yokwanira m'thupi, khansayo imataya chigobacho, ndipo mpaka chitini chatsopano chimakhala cholimba, chimakula.

Tsiku lisanafike molt, asodzi a nsomba adasiya kudya. Popeza anangotaya chojambula china kwinakwake, amathamangira kubisala. Munthawi imeneyi ndi omwe amakhala osatetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chipolopolo chofewa m'thupi sichitha kuteteza khansa ku nsomba ndi abale ake, omwe sangathe kudzitsitsimula ndi mnansi wofooka.

Tsiku lina atatha kusungunuka, nsomba zazinkhanira zimakana kudya. Chipolopolo chakale cha chitin sichiyenera kuchotsedwa mu aquarium, chifukwa chimapita kukadyetsa mwini wake wakale.

Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zazinkhanira zam'madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino sizikuwombera nsomba ndipo zimatha kuyanjana nawo mwamtendere. Ndipo, kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo, ayenera kusankha nsomba zazing'onoting'ono, zazing'ono zomwe zimatsitsa zikhwawa zowopsa ndikusowa pansi. Pazifukwa izi, barbs, pecilia, gourami ndizoyenera. Pewani kubzala misala yophimba ndi nsomba zochepa.

Kudyetsa

Procambarus clarkii imakhala yosasangalatsa, koma amakonda nyama m'malo am'madzi, imatha kukhala nyongolotsi, coronet, tinthu, magazi, zidutswa za nsomba zamafuta ochepa, nyama, mtima, squid, komanso chakudya chozizira cha nsomba zomwe zimadya. Nsomba zazinkhanira zofiirira sizingakane zakudya zamasamba monga kaloti, nandolo, masamba, masamba, mitengo youma, sizinganyalanyaze mbewu za m'madzi, chifukwa cha ichi ndi bwino kungosunga mbewu zoyandama mu aquarium.

Chinthu chachikulu mukamawadyetsa kuti asamadye kwambiri, mukangoona kuti nsomba zazinkhanira sizikuwukira mwachidwi chakudya, chotsani chakudya chotsalacho mu aquarium. Kupanda kutero, madziwo amayamba kutha msanga chifukwa cha iwo, ndipo nkhanu sizikhala nthawi yayitali mumadzi osaya.

Pogawa chakudya pakati pa anthu, ziphuphu ndi mafinya zimachitika, nthawi zina zimasinthana kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Kuswana

Aquarium nsomba zazinkhanira zimaswana mophweka. Pambuyo pa molt wotsatira, amuna okonzekera kukwatira amafunafuna wokwatirana naye, ndikupeza mkazi woyenera, kugogoda pamsana pake ndikugwirabe mpaka mphindi 10 mpaka theka la ola.

Akangotsala pang'ono kuchitika, mkaziyo amayamba kupewa amuna. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika nthawi yomweyo mu thanki ina kapena malo okhalamo. Amafunikira masiku makumi awiri kuti agone ndi kuphatikiza mazira ake. Pakadali pano, amakhala wamanyazi kwambiri ndipo amakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kuti amugwire, popeza pali ngozi yoti adzaponya mazira. Komanso panthawiyi nthawi zambiri samachoka pogona, motero ndikofunika kuponya chakudya pamenepo kapena pafupi kwambiri.

Pakatha masabata awiri achinyamata akhwangwala amawonekera.Masiku angapo oyambilira amabisala mchira wa amayi awo, ndiye kuti ubwezeretsedwanso kumalo osungirako zinyalala, kapena achichepere azikhala ndi malo okhala, popeza chidziwitso cha amayi mu red crayfish chimatha msanga.

Kukula kwacinyamata kumakula mosasiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuyisintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, amakhala ngati achikulire, chifukwa chake, ndikusowa malo, kusamvana komanso kusaka cannibalism ndizotheka.

Nsomba zazinkhanira za ku Florida zimawoneka kuti ndi zokhwima kuyambira wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Kuswana

Amuna, monga lamulo, ndi okulirapo kuposa achikazi, nsapato zawo ndizitali komanso zowonjezera mphamvu, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo yam'mimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubereka ndipo imapinda ma cephalothorax. Pamaso pa akazi okhwima, azimayi azinkhanira chaka chonse. Akakhwima, mkaziyo amapewa amuna, ndipo kuti apulumutse ana, ayenera kusiyidwa.

Nthawi pakati pa umuna ndi kutulutsa inali pafupifupi masiku 20. Caviar amakula mwa mkazi pansi pamimba pakati pamiyendo yosuntha, mothandizidwa ndi mayiyo amasakanikirana ndi mazira kuti mpweya wabwino ufike.

Wamkazi wokhala ndi caviar, kudzitchinjiriza ndi ana ake, amathawira kumalo okhala. Pakadali pano, chakudya chachikazi chiziponyedwa pafupi ndi malo ake.

Caviar amakula pafupifupi masiku 30 ndipo zimatengera kutentha kwa madzi.

Posachedwa asodzi a crustaceans, pafupifupi kukula kwa 7mm mamilimita, amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'ono ndi magazi, ndipo amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi ma tepi a chakudya chowuma.

M'masamba ambiri am'madzi, ndizovuta kuti achinyamata achinyamata azikhala ndi moyo, ngakhale atakhala ndi malo achitetezo.

Pa kutentha kwamadzi wamba kwa nsomba zazinkhanira ku Florida, achinyamata amakula chaka chimodzi. Kuti mukulitse kukula kwawo ndikuchepetsa nthawi yakucha, mutha kusunga kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium pamtunda wa 29-30 ° C.

Musaiwale kuti atatha kusungunuka, nsomba zazinkhanira zimafunikira mchere, ndipo koposa zonse calcium. Monga gwero lawo, kuvala kwapadera kwamaminidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kosavuta kwambiri komwe ndi mwala wa "mbalame" choko. Mwala wa choko uyenera kuwonjezeredwa mutizidutswa tating'ono, kuwongolera kudya, apo ayi umasungunuka m'madzi mwachangu.

Kuperewera kwa zinthu zopanda mchere kumakhudzana ndikuphwanya njira yopukutira mu khansa, zomwe zimatha kupha nyama.

Khansa Yofiira ya Swamp samakhala ndi moyo woposa zaka zitatu.