Mwa kuyesa nyama ndi bulu, magulu atsopano a nyama, bulu, adapezeka. Dzinali limachokera ku chilankhulo chakale, pomwe mawu oti "nyulu" amatanthauza nyama zilizonse, zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa ma hybrids. Anthu ambiri amasokoneza bulu ndi nyama, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodutsa bulu ndi kavalo, yemwe ndi lipenga.

Masiku ano, nyulu zimatha kuwoneka m'masewera ampikisano, nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu othamanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuswana ndulu ndikosavuta kuposa ma hinnies. Zonsezi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti anyani amphongo, abulu ndi abambo, siabereka, popeza nyama izi zimakhala ndi ma chromosome osiyanasiyana, abulu ali ndi 62, ndipo akavalo ali ndi ma chromosomes 64.

Kufotokozera

Pangani bulu - kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe a abulu ndi maes, makolo ake. Cholowa cha bulu ndi miyendo ndi mutu, komanso khosi. Makutu a buluyo ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa abulu, koma ndiotalikirapo, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi kavalo. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mane, bang ndi mchira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izioneka ngati kavalo. Phokoso lomwe bulu amapanga ndi mtanda pakati pa kufuula kwa bulu ndi kulira kwa akavalo. Mtunduwu umasiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse kwa abulu ndi mahatchi.

Zovuta ndi zosiyana

Chojambula chokha cha mtunduwu ndi chakuti ndi wosabereka. Pali ma bulu, olemba ndi ma nyulu anyani, kutengera mtundu wawukulu womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachuma. Nyani ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi ma hinnie, omwe ndi ana a abulu ndi abulu. Pali mipikisano yapadera yomwe anyani amatenga nawo mbali.

Kulemera komanso kutalika

Kulemera kwa bulu kumadziwika ndi kulemera kwa amayi ake. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa bulu wamambo ndi 1.1-1.6 mita. Kulemera kumachokera ku 300 mpaka 600 kg. Bulu wosungidwa nthawi zonse amakhala wamkulu kuposa bulu wa paketi. Kutalika kwa nyama yonyamula ndikuyambira 110 mpaka 140 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 300-400 kg.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Nyuluyi ndiyosankhika ndipo ndiyambiri chakudya. Izi ndi herbivore zomwe zimakhutira ndi zakudya zamtchire zonse. Ndi chakudya chake chosasamala komanso chosavomerezeka chomwe ndichimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zothandizira kuswana ndikugwiritsira ntchito banja monga antchito.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Ndikosavuta kutchula nthawi yomwe nyamayo idachokera. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa bukuli kugwera pa 480 BC. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyuluyi idafotokozedwa ndi a Herototasi pamalemba omwe akuwukiridwa ndi Mfumu Xerxes ku Greece. Pofuna kubereka mtundu watsopano wa nyama, akatswiri osamalira nyama ndi obereketsa amaoloka mahatchi ndi abulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Asayansi ambiri ndi ofufuza amati ali ndi chidaliro kuti m'mbiri yonse ya kubereka mitundu yatsopano ya zinyama, nyulu ndizabwino kwambiri. Mu 1938, chiwerengero cha nyamazo chinali pafupifupi 15 miliyoni. Ali ndi maubwino ambiri osasinthika, koma amapezeka popanda zovuta zina. Chochita chachikulu komanso chodabwitsachi ndichachinyengo chazinyama. Ma genetics afika pakuzindikira kuti chifukwa cha izi ndi dongosolo lapadera la chromosome. Magulu 32 a chromosomes omwe adalandira kuchokera kubulu, pomwe 31 adapereka ma chromosome kuchokera kwa bulu. Pazonse, sepa yosatupa idapezeka.

Kanema: Mule

Pankhaniyi, asayansi adaganiza zoyeserera nyamayi. Mu 2003, nyuluyo idasankhidwa bwino ndipo idatchedwa Jim. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ambiri, adayamba kubala timabulu ku America at George George. Anthu nthawi yomweyo adapeza zabwino zambiri: kupirira, kudekha, kulimbikira. Pambuyo pake, nyama zidabweretsa kumayiko osiyanasiyana South ndi North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, ndi zina. Mbiri yakale ikuwonetsa kuti nyamazo zidaweta kuti zipange maphwando olowera ku Europe. Amatha kulimbana ndi zida zazitali kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pali umboni kuti mu 1495, Christopher Columbus adagulitsa anyani ku kontinenti yake. Iye mwini adabweretsa nyama zomwe adawatumiza ku Cuba ndi Mexico. Kuyambira pamenepo, zazikazi zimapangidwa kuti zikwere, ndipo amuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wolemera.

Khalidwe

Malinga ndi ntchito yomwe imagwidwa pafamuyi, mitundu iwiri ya abulu ndiyosiyana: paketi ndi kuyika. Mphamvu yosunga nyama ndi 18-20% yakulemera kwake. Nthawi zambiri abulu onse wamwamuna amakumana ndi zaka 1.5-2. Pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kugwira ntchito kuyambira zaka 2, ndipo kuyambira zaka 4 nyama zimagwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Malingana ndi njira zosungira, nyama zokulirapo ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zikudulira malume ndizofanana ndi kuswana kwamahatchi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Animal Mule

Kunja, abulu ali ndi mawonekedwe a akavalo ndi abulu onse. Iwo ali ndi lamulo ndi thupi kuchokera ku kavalo, ndi mawonekedwe a mutu, osati miyendo yayitali kwambiri, ndipo khosi ndilolowa kwa bulu. Makutu ndi otalika kwambiri komanso aatali kuposa abulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati kavalo. Zizindikiro za kavalo wamtundu ndikupezeka kwa chingwe, chingwe ndi mchira. Nyama zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankha.

Kulemera kwa thupi zimatengera thupi la mayi. Mtundu ndi mthunzi zimatsimikizidwanso ndi mawonekedwe a amayi. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu pakufota kumasiyanasiyana kuchoka pa mita imodzi ndi theka. Kulemera kwa thupi kulinso kosiyanasiyana, kumatha kulondola magawo 280 mpaka 650 kilogalamu. Mwambiri, anyani amakhala ndi zazikulu komanso zazikulu kuposa makolo awo enieni. Potengera izi, kuti mukhale ndi mwana wathanzi komanso wamphamvu, obereketsa amasankha okhawo amtali kwambiri komanso otetezeka a mitundu yomwe ilipo.

Nyama izi zimadziwika ndi dimorphism yachiwerewere. Akazi amalamulira amuna ambiri kuposa amuna. Amnyulu amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa machitidwe ena omwe amapezeka mwa anthu onse, ngakhale anali makolo.

• mutu waukulu
• mawonekedwe a amondi
• Kutsika ndi kufupikitsa,
• mzere wowongoka, womveka bwino,
• chofupikika poyerekeza ndi mahatchi,
• molunjika, m'khosi
• zazifupi, miyendo yamphamvu ndi ziboda zazitali zazitali.

Kodi nyuluyo imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Little Mule

Nyani zimagawidwa makamaka ku South America. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofala kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Madera komwe mayulu amakhala:

• Mayiko apakati ku Asia
• Korea
• Transcarpathia,
• madera akumwera kwa Europe,
• Africa
• North America
• South America

Mpaka pano, nyulu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'malo omwe anthu amakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito zolimba. Khama lawo, kulekerera ndi kusagonja kwawo mikhalidwe yakumangidwa ndikofunikira poyendetsa katundu m'mapiri komanso zigawo zosafikirika. Ubwino ndi kusowa kwa kufunika kwa nsapato za nsapato. Amatha kudutsa mosavuta mumvula, matope, komanso pamseu wamazira.

Nthawi zambiri, nyulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko aku Asia, komanso mkati mwa Africa, komwe kuli kofunikira kusuntha zida zankhondo. M'masiku akale, mothandizidwa ndi nyamazi, ovulala ankawanyamula kupita nawo kunkhondo, ore ndi mchere wina amatengedwa. Akatswiri a zaumoyo adazindikira kuti nyulu ndizosagwira mndende momwemo. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, amatha kulekerera kuzizira, chisanu komanso nyengo yadzuwa. Nyama zimazolowera eni ake, ngati amazisamalira moyenera.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Bulu alibe nthawi yayitali kuposa mahatchi, akafika zaka 40, satenga matenda osiyanasiyana, osakwanira kudyetsa komanso kudzikongoletsa. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi mahatchi, nyulu ndizolimba. Amatha kunyamula katundu wamkulu pawokha. Chokhacho chomwe ali otsika ndikutha kuthana ndi zopinga zazikulu. Koma ntchito zawo zapamwamba komanso kusasamala kwenikweni zimapangitsa izi. Bulu likuumirira bulu silinso ndi vuto, koma bulu atatopa, ndiye kuti sakugwira ntchito. Ngati kavalo amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka atatopa, ndiye kuti bulu wamtunduwu ndi wopanda ntchito, koma si waulesi. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro omwe anakula; sichingalole kuzunzidwa. Ndi mwini wake, bulu nthawi zonse amakhala wodekha ndipo amakhala wokonzeka kumuchitira chilichonse chomwe nyamayo ikufuna ndipo izitha kuchita.

Kodi nyulu amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mule mu chilengedwe

Pankhani yopereka chakudya, nyulu sizibweretsa mavuto kwa eni ake. Oyang'anira zinyama anayerekezera mtengo wopereka chakudya cha akavalo ndi nyulu ndipo anazindikira kuti zinali zosavuta kudyetsa anyani. Kuti minofu ikule, nyama zimafunikira chakudya chomwe mapuloteni amakhala.

Zomwe zimagwira monga chakudya m'miyulu:

• chinangwa
• hay
• nyemba
• masamba abwino - kaloti, chimanga,
• maapulo
• chimanga - oats,
• amadyera.

Zotsatira zake kuti nyulu ndi chisakanizo cha nyama zina ziwiri, chakudya chimafanana ndi zonse kavalo ndi bulu. Gawo lalikulu m'zakudya ndi udzu, kapena udzu wouma. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku umatengera kulemera kwa bulu. Nyama wamba imasowa pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 5-7 a udzu wouma ndi ma kilogalamu 3-4 a zakudya zabwino tsiku lililonse. Ngati palibe, mutha kuphika nokha, kapena kungosintha ndi masamba atsopano - mbatata, kaloti, chimanga, zitsamba zatsopano.

Zakudya za bulu pang'ono ziyenera kuphatikizapo ma kilogalamu anayi a udzu wosankhidwa, wapamwamba kwambiri. Ikamakula, zakudya zake zimakulirakulira, ndiwo zamasamba, zamasamba, komanso chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala chochepa kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Animal Mule

Pali zabwino zambiri komanso maubwino kwa mawonekedwe ndi ulemu wa mayendedwe abwinowa. Ndi nyama zodekha, zokhala ndi nthawi komanso zolimbikira. Pamodzi ndi katundu wolemera kapena wokwera pamagalimoto athunthu, mtunda wawutali kwambiri umatha kudutsa liwiro la kilomita 5-8 pa ola limodzi. Kuthekera uku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa okhala m'mapiri komanso opanda msewu, komanso madera omwe ali kutali ndi misewu yabwino, yapamwamba komanso misewu yayikulu. Sizachilendo kwa abulu kuti apange mawu, okumbukira kusakaniza kwa abulu limodzi ndi kuyandikira kwa akavalo.

Nyani sizimangolimbana ndi chidwi chambiri, komanso zimathamanga kwambiri. Ubwino wina ungatchulidwe chitetezo cholimba komanso kukana kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi yayitali yokhala moyo mwa anthu ena imatha kufika zaka 60-65. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akhala akugwirabe ntchito kwathunthu kwazaka 30.

Mikhalidwe yayikulu ya nyama:

• ntchito yayikulu
• kulolerana
• kunyalanyaza zikhalidwe zomwe akumangidwa,
• thanzi labwino
• Kuthana ndi kutentha kosavuta popanda zotsatirapo zake,
• kudzichepetsa ndi kumvera.

Ngakhale kuti nyama sizikuchepa posamalira ndi kusamalira sizifunikira nyengo zapadera, amafunikira chithandizo ndi chisamaliro. Nyama sizilandira chisamaliro chosasamala, chosankha pakati komanso kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Ndikwabwino kutenga nyama kuti izikonzedwa kuyambira mutakula. Ndikofunika kuyamba kuzolowera nyuru kuti muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi musanafike zaka zitatu ndi zitatu kapena zitatu. Mu chaka chimodzi ndi theka, adzalimbikiratu ndipo adzakhala okonzekera kugwira ntchito molimbika.

Menyani amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ochita nawo masewera. Ndi kutenga nawo mbali, amakonza mpikisano wosiyanasiyana: mitundu yokhazikika, m'magulu, etc. Masewera omwe ma nyulu sangathe kudziwa ndiye kuthamanga ndi zopinga zomwe zimadumpha pazovuta zazikulu. Zakudya za anthu akuluakulu zimatha kukhala ndi ma kilogalamu 10-13 a hay, masamba, chakudya chamagulu. Nyama zachikulire zimalangizidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi azipereka mafuta a oats.

Tsopano mukudziwa kusiyana pakati pa bulu ndi lipenga. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nyama zolimba izi zimaberekera.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mule Cub

Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha bulu ndi kusabereka. Amawetedwa podutsa abulu ndi akavalo. Amuna onse amabadwa osabereka. Akazi ali pafupifupi 80-85% komanso osabereka. Akatswiri a zoology amafotokoza milandu yomwe nyulu zachikazi zimawoloka ndi abulu amphongo. Asayansi afotokozanso za milandu yomwe mkazi wamwamuna wamkazi akamabereka ndi bulu, atabereka mwana wamwamuna weniweni. Zidachitika ku China.

Kutheka kwa kubereka ndi kubadwa kwa ana kukufotokozedwa ndi mtundu wina wa ma chromosomes. Pazonse, mbiri ya kukhalapo kwa nyama imakhala ndi milandu 15 pamene zazikazi zimabereka.

Chosangalatsa: Asayansi atha kupeza kuti maimuna achikazi amatha kubereka amayi ndi kubereka bwino ndi kubereka ana. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezera ana kuchokera kwa amitundu ofunika kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti amuna ndi osabereka kuyambira nthawi yobadwa, amadzisokoneza ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Kukula kumene nyambo zatsopano sizikufunikira kudziwa kwapadera kapena luso lililonse. Malamulo osamalira ana akhanda ndi ofanana ndi a anyani. Komabe, pali phanga limodzi. Zithaphwi zimakhala tcheru ndi kutentha kochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuti tisatenge matenda osiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuti tisunge kutentha kwambiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kusungidwa m'malo obisalirako. Nthawi yomweyo, osaposa maola 3-3,5 patsiku amaperekedwa kuti aziyenda m'malo otseguka. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yotentha, ana amphongo amafunika kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji podyetsa msipu. Kulera ndi kuweta nyama kuyenera kuchitidwa kuyambira ali aang'ono. Kutalika kwa zaka za abulu ndi zaka 30 mpaka 40. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimatha kukula mpaka zaka 50-60.

Adani achilengedwe anyani

Nyani sizimakhala mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake sizikhala zinthu zosakira nyama. Nyama zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, motero sizitha kupezeka ndi matenda aliwonse. Komabe, padakali zovuta zina. Chifukwa cha achondroplasia, kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa nyama zatsopano kumayamba. Zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba ndizofupikitsa, miyendo yaying'ono ndi kukula kwa thupi lonse.

Nyama pafupifupi sizimadwala matenda am'mimba, matenda a malekezero, ziboda, kapena matenda opatsirana.

Kuphatikiza pa achondroplasia, nyama zimakonda kuvutika ndi zotsatirazi:

• matenda mwangozi. Wothandizila wa matenda awa ndi trypanosome. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndimawonekedwe am'mimba, zomangira zamkati. Woopsa milandu, kupuwala kwa nsana wa thupi kumachitika,
• glanders Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya enaake. Pankhani ya matenda ake, chithandizo sichikuchitika. Nyama zimathandizidwa chifukwa choopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama zina.
• epizootic lymphangitis. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi cryptococcus.

Pokhala ndi chakudya chopanda malire, nyama zimavutika ndi vuto la vitamini, chifukwa chochepa kwambiri chogwira ntchito, tsitsi limatha kutuluka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Kuswana kwa mule kumachitika m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku Europe, Asia, North ndi South America, Africa. M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana lino, chiwerengero cha abulu chinali pafupifupi 13,000,000. Pazaka khumi, zakula ndi ena 100,000,000. Kufikira pano, pafupifupi anthu 16,000,000.

Masiku ano, nyama sizifunanso motero, chifukwa m'maiko ambiri mphamvu ya nyama yathandizidwa ndi magalimoto ndi magalimoto wamba.Pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri amaleredwa osati chifukwa chofuna kupeza ntchito, koma kuti achite nawo mpikisano wamasewera. Ku America, kuweta ziweto pamafamu achinsinsi monga othandizira osafunikira ndizodziwika kwambiri. Nyama zomwe zimasamalidwa ndi mbuye wawo, zimamulipira ndikudzipereka kwathunthu. Sawopa mawu akulu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira komanso kudekha.

Mule - Ichi ndi nyama wodekha, wokoma mtima komanso wolimbikira. Amakhala ndi chilengedwe mwakuthupi. Munthu yemwe amakhala mbuye wa bulu ayenera kukhala woleza mtima komanso wosamala. Potere, nyamayo imabwezanso, kudzichepetsa komanso kukhala ochezeka. Nthawi zambiri eni ake amawona kusinthasintha, osafuna kumvera zopempha ndi zomwe mwiniwake akufuna. Khalidwe lotere silikunena za kuuma kwa bulu, koma za zosalakwika, zolakwika za mwini wake zokhudzana ndi chinyama. Poterepa, muyenera kuunikanso zochita zanu ndi maukadaulo anu othana ndi bulu.

Maonekedwe a bulu

Chofunikira kwambiri cha bulu mu mawonekedwe ake akunja ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zonse kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri. Kuchokera kwa bulu, nyama yotere, monga lamulo, imatenga mutu ndi miyendo yake. Mahatchi amatenga khosi looneka ngati mahatchi. Ndizachilendo kuti ngakhale nyulu yosungidwa kuchokera ku kavalo waku Arabia ingakhale ndi khosi lotere. Tsambalo lili ndi mtundu wosakanizika, nyamazo zimaberekanso chingwe cholimba komanso chofiyira, mchira ndi zingwe zochokera kwa makolo akale.

Koma za mtunduwo, zonse zimatengera chilengedwe, popeza bulu amatha kutenga mtundu wa kavalo kapena mitundu ya bulu. Ngati kavalo wachikunja amatenga nawo mbali matani a bulu, nyulu yotsala siyitenga kukongola kwa amayi ake. Ndizosatheka kuneneratu pasadakhale kukula ndi kutalika kwa bulu, chifukwa akhoza kukhala aliwonse. Nyani zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukhala zazitali 90cm, koma pali anthu ena okulirapo.

Kunja kwa bulu kumakhalanso kovuta kulosera, chifukwa kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi malo a makolo onse awiri. Mwakuchita, kwadziwika kuti abulu amabadwa motalika pang'ono kuchokera kwa omwe amapanga. Nyamazi zikucha msanga, popeza pofika zaka ziwiri zimayamba kusinthidwa ntchito.

Khalidwe ndi mkwiyo

Pofuna kusangalatsa anthu ambiri okonda nyama, anyani sanatengeretu kuuma mtima komanso kusasunthika kwa abulu. M'malo mwake, amasintha, ngati akavalo. Poyang'ana koyamba, bulu amatha kudziwoneka ngati nyama yaulesi. M'malo mwake, nyamazo zimayang'anira chitetezo chawo, kudziteteza kuzowopsa. Ngati mahatchi amakhala ndi ntchito yayitali, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka atasiya mphamvu, makhalidwe oterewa sakhala abwinobwino. Nthawi zina, nyamazo zimapitilizabe, koma pali zifukwa zingapo zotithandizira.

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zamtopola komanso mwankhanza, zomwe zimabulu sizimalola podziyanjana nawo. Ngati mwamunayo asonyeza kuti amamukonda komanso kumukonda, amatsatira zonse zomwe mwininyumbayo akufuna, koma zomwe angathe kuchita.

Amayi a maiyo anapatsa ana ake mayendedwe othamanga, komanso kukula kwake. Abulu anapatsa ana awo osakanizidwa kupirira, komanso kulumala kosatha.

Momwe ma nyulu amawonekera

Kuwoneka koyamba kwa ma nyulu kudalembedwa ku America, kholo la lingaliro loterolo komanso kutuluka kwa nyama zatsopano zinali George Washington. Munali pansi pa utsogoleri wake kuti akatswiri anayamba kudutsa abulu ndi mares, pambuyo pake anyaniwo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zonse zogwirizira nyama. Abulu oyamba nthawi yomweyo adawonetsa kuti ndi opirira kwambiri kuposa mahatchi ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, amawonetsa kudziletsa komanso bata.

Tsoka ilo, nyama izi zidakhumudwitsanso anthu chifukwa choti sangathe kubereka mwachilengedwe. Koma sayansi ndi mankhwala siziyima chilili, choncho abuluwa adayamba kuswedwa. Mu 2003, bambo woyamba kubadwa amapezeka pa Yunivesite ya Idaho, adamupatsa dzina loti Idaho Jim.

Zomwe zimasungidwa ndi nyulu zimakhala zofanana ndi za akavalo. Popita nthawi, ntchito zaulimi zimafala ku America, Asia, Africa, ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Mbiri yakale imati anyani akuluakulu ankadedwa ku Europe wakale kuti amenye nkhondo zolimba. Nyama zotere zimatha kupirira mpaka kukwera mtondo wolemera.

Kuphatikiza pa mpikisano, ma nyulu anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokwera pamahatchi, anthu apamwamba komanso atsogoleri amatchalitchi anali ndi anthu abwino kwambiri. Ndipo a Christopher Columbus, otchuka m'mbiri ya America, ndi zoyesayesa zake adatulutsa abulu mu 1495 ku kontinenti. Males adabwera naye patapita kanthawi kupita ku Mexico, kumphepete kwa Cuba kwamakono. Kuyambira pamenepo, zazikazi zasanduka nyama zoyenda, ndipo amuna amanyamula katundu wolemera.

Nyama izi zidakhala zofunikira pakufutukula siliva, m'masiku amenewo Ufumu wa Spain umakhala ndi nyulu zochulukirapo. Koma likulu la chitukuko ndi kuswana kwa anyani molakwika lakhala Catalonia ndi Andalusia. Nyama zidatumizidwa mpaka 1813, ndipo bulu wakuda adaperekedwa kwa George Washington mu 1785 ndipo adakhala kholo la anyani ku America.

Zoti anyani ali osabereka

Mfundo yokhazikitsidwa bwino yoti nyulu ndi nyama zosabereka, zomwe sizitha kubereka, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zonsezo komanso sayansi. Ndipo, ngakhale izi, munthu amakangana ndi chilengedwe ndi mphamvu zake zonse ndikupanga nyama yapadera ndi mphamvu zake. Pali zifukwa zambiri, mwachitsanzo, anyani amakhala ndi moyo zaka 60 ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala opirira komanso olimba kuposa mahatchi.

Mbiri yakale imalemba zochitika zokhazokha pomwe muloti adabereka. Mwambiri, zolengedwa zonse zowoneka kuti si zakubadwa si njira zoperekera mwana; Ndipo chifukwa cha izi ndi ma chromosomes angapo, monga tanena kale. Ngati abambo a bulu amatha kudzitamandira ma chromosome 62 okha, ndiye kuti mayi wa mare ali ndi 64. Malinga ndi sayansi, kuti apitirize mtunduwu, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi ma chromosome angapo omwe amapanga matumba ophatikizika. Ndipo buluyu ali ndi zaka 63, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chosakwaniritsidwa chakhala chopunthwitsa chachikulu pakupanga zipatso. Koma chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za asayansi, abulu akhala akupanga miyala kwambiri kuyambira 2003, kotero pakadali pano pali anthu opitilira 11 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyulu

Panthaŵi ya triennium, abulu amayamba kugwira ntchito. Koma munthu amakhala wokonzekera kugwira ntchito molimbika, kuyambira kuyambira 4 zakubadwa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudyetsa nyama yokha chakudya chabwino kwambiri komanso malinga ndi malingaliro a owonetsa veterinarians. Kuyambira kale, nyulu akhala akuziyesa golide, popeza ndizitali kuposa mahatchi, amakhala odekha ndikuwonetsa zofunikira kwambiri.

Kuti mumvetsetse, nyulu imodzi yonyamula katundu yonyamula ma kilogalamu 130 pa ola limodzi imayenda pafupifupi 5 km osapuma ndikuima. Mukamangirira chinyama chotere, chimadutsa pafupifupi 8 km pa ola limodzi. Nyani zimatha kukhala zosasinthika ngati mayendedwe akumapiri komanso nyengo yovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, buluyo umasiyana ndi kavalo chifukwa umafunika kuti upangike.

Menyani athandiza kwambiri pantchito yolima lamba la thonje. Mwakuyesetsa kwawo, magulu ankhondo amayenda ndi zida komanso kunyamula ovulazidwa kunkhondo. Malo ofooka okha omwe amafananizidwa ndi kavalo ndi kulephera kuthamanga misinkhu yayikulu. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti cholengedwa china chosakanizidwa bwino chimawonetsa kutulutsa mphamvu yayikulu.

Nyumbu masiku ano

Tsoka ilo, zamakono zataya kufunikira ndi kutchuka kwa nyama monga abulu. Ambiri samakayikira ngakhale nyama zamtundu wamtchire zamtundu wa sayansi ndi moyo wa munthu. Chifukwa chakuti ntchito yamanja yasinthidwa ndi ntchito zamakina, matekinoloje atsopano apangitsa moyo ndi ntchito ya anthu, kufunikira ndi kufunikira kwa ma nyulu agwa kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha nyama chikuwonetsa kukhumudwitsa - kuchuluka kwa ziweto kumachepa. Popeza kulibe kufunikira kwachuma kwa nyulu masiku ano, sizachilendo kupeza mbewu zabwinobwino zaboma ndi boma.