Kwa anthu ambiri, njoka zimayambitsa mantha, nthawi zina, mwa njira, ndizoyenera - kuluma kwa ambiri aiwo atumize munthu wamkulu kudziko lina mwachangu kwambiri. Komabe, mdziko lapansi pali okonda zokwanira izi zomwe sizikhala pa iwo, ndikuwasunga ngati ziweto.
Zambiri za Njoka
- Njoka zimapezeka m'makona onse padziko lapansi, kupatula Antarctica. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe chosiririka chimodzi cha kupezeka uku ku Ireland, Iceland ndi New Zealand (zowona ku Antarctica).
- Njoka zapoizoni zimagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni ngati njira yophera munthu yemwe akuvutikayo pakusaka, osati kudziteteza.
- Njoka yayitali kwambiri yomwe imakhala Padziko Lapansi ndi chotupa cham'mimba, chomwe thupi lake limatalika mpaka 10 metres.
- Njoka yayikulu komanso yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi anaconda, kapena madzi a boa. Pali umboni wambiri wa ma anacondas wopitilira mita 6, koma palibe ndi umodzi womwe womwe watsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Koma kulemera kwa anacondas ndikudziwika - njoka zachikulire zimalemera 30 mpaka 70 kg. Pakati pa scaly anaconda, ndi yotsika kulemera kokha kwa buluzi wa Komodo; pakati pa njoka, mulibe ofanana.
- Njoka zazifupi kwambiri pa Earth zimakhala pachilumba cha Barbados - akuluakulu amakula mpaka 10 cm. Pafupifupi, kukula kwa njoka za pamtunda sikufika kupitirira mita imodzi (zenizeni za Barbados).
- Zotsatira zopangidwa ndi asayansi zimatilola kuti tizitha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa njoka padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 167 miliyoni zapitazo.
- Njoka zilibe miyendo, mapewa, chifuwa, eardrum, ma lymph node, chikhodzodzo ndi zotupa zomwe zimatha kutseka ndikutseguka.
- Mawonekedwe a njoka ndi mamba owonekera nthawi zonse omwe amatsekedwa kuti muteteze maso anu ku litsiro. Komanso, maso a njoka samatsekera ndipo amagona ndi maso, ngati sangawaphimbe ndi mphete za njoka.
- Nsagwada zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi za njoka sizilumikizana, kotero kuti njoka zimatha kutsegula pakamwa pawo ndikumeza nyama, zomwe m'lifupi mwake nthawi zina limaposa kukula kwa thupi la njoka.
- Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusintha khungu lakale kukhala latsopano, njoka zakhala chizindikiro cha mankhwala ndikuchotsa matenda.
- Chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a nsagwada, mano a njoka amatha kuzungulira madigiri 90.
- Mano owopsa a njoka zingapo, mwachitsanzo, njoka ya ku Gabon, imatha kukula mpaka 4,5 cm.
- Mthupi la njoka, kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 450 vertebrae (mwa anthu, kufanizira, 33-34 vertebrae).
- Ziwalo zamkati mwa njoka zimadalirana, ndipo zikapezeka, kuphatikiza kwina mumtundu wina sikulemekezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwalo zophatikizidwa nthawi zambiri zimataya awiriawiri - mwachitsanzo, njoka zambiri zimakhala ndi mapapu olondola okha.
- Njoka zimasaka nyama ndikudziyang'ana m'malo ndi fungo lomwe zimagwira ndi lilime - lilime limatunga zinthu, dothi, mpweya ndi madzi, zomwe njokayo imasanthula mkamwa mwake.
- Njoka zina zimakhala ndi maso abwino kwambiri, zina zimatha kusiyanitsa kuwala ndi mdima. Kwenikweni, masomphenya a njoka samathandizira kuyang'ana konsekonse, koma kuti azindikire kusuntha kwa zinthu zomwe zimakondweretsa njokayo (zowona za masomphenya).
- Chifukwa cha chiwalo chapadera, njoka “zimawona”, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda msanga m'njira yamagazi ofunda. Njoka zimazindikiranso poizoniyu chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumachokera.
- Njoka zimamva nyama zina zikubwera kwa iwo, ndikugwira kugwedezeka kwa dziko lapansi ndi nkhope yawo yonse.
- Njoka zonse zomwe zimadziwika ndi sayansi (ndipo pali mitundu 3631 padziko lapansi) ndi zilombo.
- Mu 1987, zidutswa za njoka zamitengo 3.5 zidapezeka, zomwe zidaloleza kutsimikizira kuti zaka 67 miliyoni zapitazo, njoka zidadya mazira ndi ana a ma dinosaurs.
Physiology ya njoka
Kodi mukudziwa chiyani za njoka, kupatula kuti, mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri, zilibe miyendo? Tiyeni tiwone momwe zolengedwa izi zimapangidwira komanso kudziwa zina zochititsa chidwi.
- Njoka zimakhala ndi nthiti zambiri - mpaka 250. Lamba wa malekezero akumwamba kulibe, koma zotsalira za pelvis m'mitundu ina zimasungidwa, ngakhale sizigwira ntchito. Pithoni zimakhala ndi zotsalira zazing'ono zazing'ono. Njoka zokhala ndi miyendo yakutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwanu kulibe.
- Mano a njoka amakula moyo wawo wonse.
- Kukhetsa kumachitika m'moyo wonse.
- Ziwalo zamkati sizikhala mokhazikika, monga anthu, koma mzere wotsatira. Mapapu akumanzere a njoka zonse ndi okulirapo, ndipo m'mitundu yambiri kumanja kulibe.
- Wameza, mtima umatha kusintha kwambiri.
- Njoka zonse zimakhala ndi ma eyel omwe amakhala otsekeka nthawi zonse. Ndi mafilimu owonekera omwe samasokoneza kuwona. Komabe, masomphenya a njoka siabwino kwambiri. Koma amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pazinthu zotentha, ngati chithunzi chamafuta.
Tikuwonjezeranso kuti malingaliro a asayansi okhudzana ndi kumvera kwa nyama zamtunduwu ndi osiyana kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti njoka sizimva kwenikweni, koma maphunziro ena amatsutsa mtundu uwu.
Zimphona ndi makanda
Njoka yayikulu kwambiri imaganiziridwa kuti ndi njenjemera. Anaconda wobiriwira sakhala kumbuyo kwake. Oyimira amtunduwu ali ndi misa yapakati komanso kutalika pafupifupi mamita khumi.
Njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse la USSR ndi gyurza. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa nthumwi zamtunduwu ndi 2 m.
Onani mfundo zingapo zosangalatsa.
- Njoka zikuluzikulu zimaphatikizanso mitundu ina iwiri ya anyani: akambuku owala ndi akambuku amdima.
- Mbidzi yakuda yamkati yotchedwa Baby, yoleredwa mu umodzi mwa malo osungira nyama ku US, ndiye wolemera kwambiri. Kukongola kumeneku kumalemera makilogalamu 183 (pafupifupi, oimira amtunduwu ndi wolemera makilogalamu 75).
- Nyama yotchedwa tiger python imafikira kutalika kwa mita 6, koma sikuti imakhala pachiwopsezo kwa nyama iliyonse yayikulu kuposa mphaka.
- Mfumu cobra ndi ena mwa asanu akuluakulu.
Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi njoka yopapatiza ya Barbados. Silimakula mpaka masentimita 10. Pakati pa oimira poyizoni a kalasi, munthu atha kunena za njoka zazing'ono, zomwe zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita makumi atatu.
Opha kwambiri
Poyankha funso lokhudza chiweto choopsa kwambiri, ambiri adatchula mamba wakuda, chifukwa ndi iye yemwe amawoneka ngati njoka wapoizoni kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi: Mtundu wa cholengedwa ichi si wakuda, koma wotuwa kapena bulawuni. Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zogwirizana ndi njoka iyi. Anthu okhala m'madera omwe amakhala, ngakhale dzina lake silitchulidwe konse, akuwopa kuti njoka yachinyengo imamva ndi kudzabwera. Mamba yakuda ndiyinso yothamanga, chifukwa imatha kuyenda mwachangu 20 km / h.
Koma mamba owopsa amakhala ndi mpikisano woopsa kwambiri - taipan. Amakhala ku Australia, amakhala wankhanza kwambiri komanso wamtali mamita angapo. Zoipa za Taipan zimayendetsa minofu yamtima, ndikuchita nthawi yomweyo. Popeza mwakumana naye, ingothamangani.
Philippinespob cobra ndi sniper waluso. Amapha mwa kuthira poyizoni. Ngakhale mtunda wa mita 3 siotetezeka. Koma, monga ma cobras ena, njoka ya ku Philippines siliyambitsa koyamba. Woyendayenda ayenera kuyang'ana pansi pa mapazi ake kuti asalowemo.
Tepi krait amakhala ku India, komwe amatchedwa njoka yamanyazi. Makanda sakhala aukali pokhapokha ukakhudza ana awo. Koma poyizoni wa njoka imodzi ndikokwanira kutumiza anthu ambiri kudziko lina.
Kuchuluka kwa poizoni yemwe amapezeka m'matumbo a mfumu imodzi cobra ndikokwanira kuthana ndi akulu makumi awiri ndi atatu. Sipangakhale nthawi yoyambitsa mankhwala. Kuluma kwa cobra kumapha njovu. Nthawi zambiri cobra imapha chifukwa choopsa ana. Inde, imodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri padzikoli ndi mayi wachikondi.
Mwa njoka zapoizoni, palinso obadwa mwachilengedwe. Mpaka posachedwapa, ma python anali kuonedwa ngati ovulaza kwa anthu, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa milandu yambirimbiri yotsutsa anthu idalembedwa ku Southeast Asia. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mwana wamisala yemwe sangathe kutafuna ndikumeza chakudya chonse ndiwolimba kwa mwamunayo (mafupa a m'chiuno mwake sangakwane mkamwa mwa wotsogola). Koma anthu amitundu yaying'ono sayenera kukhala odalirika.
Njoka ya Pseudo
Tiyeni tilingalire za cholengedwa chimodzi choseketsa, chomwe chimafanananso kwambiri ndi njoka, koma sichoncho ayi. M'malo mwake, ndiye penguin wachikasu. Pakusintha, miyendo idalephera.
Samalani ndi kapangidwe ka mutu. Diso lamaso achikasu limakhala ndi ma eyeloni achikopa osenda. Otsatira amatenga buluziyu kukhala njoka ndipo osakhudza.
Palinso antipode ya yellowfang - skink, yomwe imatchedwa njoka yokhala ndi miyendo. Koma ndiye kuti mphamvu sizinathandize, kununkha si njoka, komanso buluzi.
Zomwe zili mndandanda wa njoka ndi ziti?
Tiyeni tiwone zina zachilendo zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la njoka.
- Njoka zonse ndi zolusa.
- Ambiri a iwo sangathe kutafuna komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mano awo kuti angomanga ndi kuphwanya chakudya.
- Chimbudzi chitha kupitilira milungu ingapo. Mwachitsanzo, python imangodya kawiri pamwezi (izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi omwe adaganiza zokhala ndi chiweto chosowa).
- Njoka zina sizimatha kumva bwino, motero zimatha kufa chifukwa chodya kwambiri.
Gahena ndi paradiso kwa iwo amene amawopa njoka
Australia ndi New Zealand ... Dreamland kumapeto kwa dziko lapansi. Pokonzekera ulendo wopita kumadera akutali, musaiwale za njoka. Ku Australia kuli mitundu 21 mwa mitundu 25 ya njoka zapoizoni. Koma ku New Zealand yoyandikana kulibe njoka! Chosiyana ndi mitundu iwiri ya nyama zam'madzi zomwe sizabwino m'madzi.
Kapena mwina inu, M'malo mwake, mumakonda izi zapamwamba ndipo mukufuna kuti muziwayang'ana mwachilengedwe? Kapena mukufuna kuuza ana zinthu zosangalatsa za njoka? Inde, ku Australia kulinso zotsalira zopanda ngozi. Koma muyenera kupita kuulendo woyenda ndi wotsogolera waluso.
Monga chiweto
Aliyense amene akufuna kupangira malo ogulitsira kunyumba ayenera kudziwa bwino zinthu zosangalatsa pasadakhale. Njoka zili ndi mawonekedwe angapo, zomwe zili mkati ndizosavuta, koma woweta novice ayenera kuphunzira zambiri.
Phunzirani zambiri za kutentha ndi zakumwa, werengani malamulo azakudya. Osasunga pazinyumba za njoka. Onetsetsani kuti mwadziwa pasadakhale ngati pali veterinarian m'dera lanu yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi zirombo. Ndi makonzedwe oyenera a nyumba ndi kusunga mitundu yonse yofunikira, njokayo imatha kukhala mu ukapolo motalikirapo kuposa mwachilengedwe. Cholengedwa chokongola ichi sichingakhale chothekera ndi maso, komanso bwenzi lenileni. Zachidziwikire, ngati mwininyumbayo amasamala, akukoma mtima komanso amakonda kwambiri njoka.
M'mibadwo yonse, anthu akhala akuchita mantha ndi njoka. Komabe, pazikhalidwe zambiri amalemekezedwa kwambiri. Nayi mfundo zosangalatsa pankhani zokweza izi. - Pakati njoka
M'mibadwo yonse, anthu akhala akuchita mantha ndi njoka. Komabe, pazikhalidwe zambiri amalemekezedwa kwambiri. Nayi mfundo zosangalatsa pankhani zokweza izi.
Mwa njoka za pamtunda, zambiri zimakhala ndi sensor kutentha pamutu pawo. Izi zikuphatikiza njoka monga ankhandwe, njoka ndi boas. Chiwalochi chimaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a fossa. Ma dimples awa ndiotentha, komanso amakhudzika kwambiri pakusintha kwa kutentha ndi madigiri 0,002 okha. Chifukwa cha izi, njoka imayang'ana mumdima, komanso mumdima ndikosavuta kupeza chakudya chake.
Mumtundu wosiyanasiyana wa njoka, tiziwopsezo tambiri timapanga tinthu tosiyanasiyana. Zoyipa zonse zomwe njoka zachinsinsi zimawonedwa ndi zinthu zovuta kuzimva. Mulinso mitundu yambiri ya poizoni. Zinthu izi zimapweteketsa mtima, DNA ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Kuphatikiza apo, ululu wa njoka umakhala ndi ma enzyme omwe amatha kuwononga zachilengedwe zotchinga komanso zimakhala. Izi zimathandizira kufalikira kwa poizoni m'thupi lonse.
Kulavulira cobra koteroko sikungangokhala kokha ndi kuluma, komanso ndi malovu a poyizoni. Kuthira uku kumatha kugunda chandamale kuchokera kumtunda wa mita 3. Pamene cobra ikuyang'ana, imakweza kutsogolo kwa thupi lake (nthawi zambiri 1/3 ya thupi) ndipo imayang'ana ndendende ndi maso kugunda membrane wa diso.
Woimira njoka zapoizoni, ngati Black Mamba, ali ndi maolivi, bulauni kapena imvi. Mtundu wake sunakhale wakuda konse. Kuluma kwa njokayo ndi kowopsa. Imfa ya ozunzidwa - kuchokera 95% mpaka 100%. Kuphatikiza pa zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni, njoka iyi imapatsidwa liwiro lowoneka bwino - kuchokera pa 16 mpaka 20 kilomita pa ola limodzi. Chochititsa chidwi: 7 mwa njoka khumi zoopsa kwambiri amakhala ku Australia.
Kapangidwe ka kuyamwa kwa njoka kumakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Ali ndi mizere iwiri ya mano pachiwono chachikulu. Nsagwada ya m'munsi imakhala ndi mzere umodzi. Monga mano, monga ma fangs, amakonda kukhala ndi ena m'malo amoyo wonse wam'madzi.
Kodi mukudziwa kuti thupi ngati mtima wa njoka limatha kuchoka pamalo ena kupita kwina? Chirengedwe chaganizapo za chisankho chotere kuti chakudya chikadutsa chimbudzi chambiri mosavuta.
Mtundu wa njoka ya ku Africa ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi njoka yaululu, ngakhale siowopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha izi, olusa amaganiza mopitilira kamodzi asanaukire. Wachiafrika amadya kale mazira a mbalame. Kukula kwa mutu wamtunduwu ndi masentimita 1, koma izi sizilepheretsa kumeza mazira, omwe achulukitsa nthawi 5-6 kuposa mutu. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha mapangidwe a nsagwada yam'munsi ya njoka ya ku Africa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsagwada si monolithic. Amakhala ndi mafupa awiri omwe amasunthika ndipo izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kudya chakudya chomwe chimakulirapo nthawi yayitali kuposa kukula kwa mutu. Pakadali pomwe dzira limeza kale, ma vertebrae awiri amayamba kugwira ntchito, omwe amagwira ntchito yokankha chipolopolo.
Oyimira ena a njoka ali ndi nthiti zopitilira 300.
Njoka ikaonetsa lilime lake, izi sizitanthauza kuwopseza. Njokayo imatulutsa lilime lake kuti izidziwitse chilengedwe, komanso zinthu. Pambuyo posinthira angapo, chilankhulo chimanyamula zidziwitso kumka kumwamba. Malowa amatha kuzindikira zidziwitso.
Khwangwalayu amakhala ndi “mbewa” yophatikizira zigwe mchira wake. Amatha kukhala kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 10. Chiwerengero cha zigawo zimapangidwa pambuyo pazochita kusungunuka. Nthawi iliyonse, gawo limodzi limawonjezeredwa ku "rattle".
Ziwalo zamkati mwa thupi la njokayo zimapezeka imodzi motsatizana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti njoka zonse zimapatsidwa mapapu akulu kumanzere. Ndipo mwa ena oimira, mapapu olondola kulibe.
Consabor de calabar ili ndi mchira wosalimba womwe umakhala ngati mutu. Nyama ikayamba kuopsezedwa, imagundana ndi mpira, mchira umawoneka pamaso pa adani, osati mutu.
Pafupifupi aliyense amaopa kapena kusakonda njoka. Pali mitundu itatu ya anthu: 1% njoka za ma adores (amatenga zolembera, kusewera, kuyambitsa nyumba), 94% amakonda kukhala kutali nawo. Ndipo pali 5% omwe amaopa njoka kuposa china chilichonse. Aliyense ali ndi mnzake: gwedeza zingwe zilizonse - o, njoka! Ndipo ndizo zonse, ali kale kufuula ndikuthawa mwamantha. Ndiosavuta kufa kuposa kukhala m'chipinda chokhala ndi njoka. Koma kodi tikudziwa zochuluka motani za njoka? Ambiri sadziwa chilichonse - tiyeni tikonze.
Ma taipan ndiwomwe amapha poizoni
Dziko la Australia lotchedwa Taipan, lotchedwanso "njoka yoyipa." Ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana a Taipan, amakhala pakati pa Australia. Ili ndiye njoka yakupha kwambiri padziko lonse, njoka imodzi ikwana kupha anthu zana. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusakumana nawo, ali othamanga kwambiri: pakuwona zoopsa amakweza mitu yawo ndikugwedezeka pa liwiro la mphezi kangapo mzere. Asanafike pa antidote antidote mu 1955, 90% mwa omwe adawagwidwa ndi kufa kwa kuluma kwa Taipans.
Poizoni wakupha kapena wowopsa pang'ono - ndibwino kuti musayesere
Zodabwitsa kwambiri, zowopsa, kulusa, kupatsa masiseche, kaso - ma epithets amaperekedwa ku gulu losazolowereka kwambiri - njoka. Zodabwitsa komanso mfundo zosangalatsa za njoka kuwulula dziko lawo lodabwitsa komanso chikhalidwe.
- "Wotengeka" njoka amakonda kukhala mdziko la miphika yamaluwa . Ngati tsiku lina, mutayang'ana mumphika wamaluwa womwe umachokera ku India, Sri Lanka, mukawona kanyama kakang'ono, kowonda komanso kouma, kutalika ndi masentimita 12, mukudziwa - iyi ndi njoka yokongola kwambiri - wakhungu wa Brahmin kapena njoka "yowuma".
- Mpikisano chifukwa cha chakupha cha njoka zodziwika bwino ndi njoka amakhala ku Australia. Thupi lakuda lokhala ndi mphete zachikasu komanso pamimba yakuda limamupangitsa kuti awoneke ngati nthenga. Anthu akumderalo amati njokayo ndi "yamantha", siyimadziyambitsa yokha, imagona pansi, ndipo nthawi zina imayitenga ndodo yayitali ... kusuntha kwadzidzidzi, ndipo mano awo amaluma mwa wozunzidwayo.
- Emerald kapena boya wololedwa ndi agalu amakhala m'nkhalango za South America pamitengo yodziwika bwino, mchira wake ukugwira nthambi yomwe imagona mwamtendere. Koma nyama ikangowoneka, thupi la boa limaponyedwera kutsogolo, kuti ligwire wozunzidwayo.
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Njoka zanjuchi zimapezeka mwachilengedwe . Zikuwoneka kuti njoka zina zimayamba kumeza mchira wawo, kenako nkufa. Njoka zimakhulupirira kuti kununkhira - ngati mchira ununkhira nyama, mchira yomweyo imagwera mkamwa.
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Njoka ya paradiso youluka yomwe ikukhala m'nkhalango za South ndi Southeast Asia imatha kukonza kudzera mumlengalenga . Kukankhira mchira wake ndikugundana, njokayo imawulukira mtunda wamamita 100.
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Lipenga la njoka litabisala m'chipululumo . Cholengedwa chokongola chokhala ndi nyanga, maso okongola amphaka, dzino loopsa komanso mayendedwe achilendo.
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Njoka wamba yokhala ndi lamba ndi yopyapyala, yosalimba, yokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso maso okongola. . Amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'mitengo, amakonda nkhono ndi ulesi.
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Kukwapulidwa kobiriwira - wokhala m'nkhalango zotentha kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia . Maso akulu owoneka ndi ana opindika pa phokoso lalitali ndi chizindikiro cha kuwona kwam'manja, kuthekera kudziwa mtunda womwe wakumana nawo.Thupi lalitali la nthiti limalimba bwino ndi njokayo m'mitengo ya emarodi, kupangitsa kuti izioneka ngati mpesa.
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Pakakhala zoopsa, njoka yakanthawi pang'ono imakhotetsa mchira wake ndikuwonetsa pamimba pake, ndikuwonetsa kufunikira kwake. Koma nkhono ndi ma salamanders okha ndi omwe amawopa oyimira awa. Mwana uyu amakhala ku United States, kumwera kwa Canada, amapezeka ku Mexico.
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3. Mawonekedwe a mafupa
Ndiwo mbiri yopanda tanthauzo ya kuchuluka kwa nthiti. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri pakati pa 250 ndi 300. Pakusintha, lamba wam'mphepete mulibe, koma mafupa a m'chiuno amasungidwa, koma sagwira ntchito.
Tizilombo tating'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi miyendo yosalala ya miyendo. Kapangidwe kapadera ka chigaza kumalola mitundu yonse kumeza ozunzidwa, makulidwe ake omwe ndi okulirapo kuposa iwo.
4. Zokhudza ziwalo
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi ziwalo zamagetsi zomwe zimawalola kusaka. Ali ndi fungo labwino. Amatha kusiyanitsa fungo labwino kwambiri lazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Koma fungo siligwidwa ndi mphuno.
Njoka sizimawona bwino, koma zimatenga kutulutsa kosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, lilime lokhazikika limawathandiza kununkhiza. Asayansi apezanso kuti njoka sizimva kwenikweni. Alibe khutu lakunja ndi lapakati. Alibe ma eardrums nawonso.
8. Lembani zophwanya mokulira
Njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mesth python, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi 10 m, ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 100 kg. Anaconda nawonso ndi akulu. Akuluakulu amatha kukula mpaka 7 m kutalika. Mu Russian Federation, wamkulu kwambiri amamuona ngati gyurza, akukula mpaka 2 m.
Koma ang'ono kwambiri ndi Carla wamalingaliro opapatiza, yemwe kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 10. "Ana" awa amakhala pachilumba cha Barbados, obisala pansi pa masamba ndi miyala. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za webusayiti yathu ya TopCafe.su munkhani yokhudza njoka yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mamba yakuda ndiwopseza
Njokayo imayala mndandanda wa zolengedwa zothamanga kwambiri, zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zapoizoni. Pali anthu abulauni, azitona, amtundu wamlomo wakuda. Mamba akuwukira nthawi yomweyo, amaluma kangapo motsatizana. Pafupifupi 350 mg wa poizoni mutha kulumidwa kamodzi. Imfa imachitika 15 mg.
13. Dzina losadziwika
Njoka yamphaka idadziwika ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha kudula kwa diso. Izi zikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi tiana tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timafanana kwambiri ndi ana onyenga.
Amakhala ku Middle East, Transcaucasia, kudera la Mediterranean komanso kuzilumba za Aegean. Ku Russia amalembedwa mu Red Book.
14. King cobra
Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndi poizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poizoni wake ndi wokwanira kupha anthu 23. Nthawi zina palibe nthawi yokwanira yoyambitsa mankhwalawa, poyizoni wake amachita mwachangu kwambiri.
Cobra wamtunduwu amathanso kupha njovu mosavuta, ndipo imamenya pokhapokha muteteza ana. Monga zokwawa zonse, ma cobras ndi amayi osamalira.
Njoka zimapha ana awo
Zakudya zankhondo amadya ana amanda. Amachita "pambuyo pang'onopang'ono wa cannibalism." Izi zimapangidwanso kuti zitheke mphamvu, chifukwa pambuyo pobadwa, njoka zimatha ndipo sizitha, monga kale, kusaka.
15. Zankhondo
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa mitundu iyi ndi ena ndi mtundu wa "rattle" kumapeto kwa mchira. Awa ndi matupi achikhungu omwe amakula ndi gawo limodzi pambuyo pa mult. Ndi chipangizochi, chimawopseza adani.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti panthawi yowopsa, mantha. Nthawi ngati izi, amaluma chilichonse, ndipo amatha kudziluma yekha. Koma poizoni wake yemwe siziwononga njoka.
Kumaliza
Zowonjezera 15 zodabwitsa za zokwawa m'miyala yam'madzi zidatha. Kwa anthu ambiri, njoka zimayambitsa mantha enieni. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu yambiri imakhala yapoizoni ndipo imakhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo ndi thanzi la munthu. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndizothandiza, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya poizoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankhwala omwe amapulumutsa moyo wa munthu. TopCafe ikuyembekezerani kuti muyankhe pamutu wankhani. Mwina mukudziwa zina zosangalatsa za njoka zomwe mukufuna kugawana ndi owerenga athu?
Kumenyedwa kwa nthawi yayitali si cholepheretsa kukula
Mu labotale ya American Institute muli ma python angapo ndi "nthata." Asayansi samadyetsa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuti apulumuke, obwezeretsa aphunzira kuti achepetse kagayidwe. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, panthawi yanjala idagwa, njoka zidatha kukula motalika.
Zinthu Zosaka
Njoka zopanda poizoni sizingavulaze kwambiri, chifukwa zimasowa poyizoni owopsa komanso njira zopweteka. Njira zosira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha akufuna kudya wozunzidwayo. Njoka ikaluma, ndiye kuti imachita ngati chitetezo. Ndizachilendo kuti kulemera kwa omwe akuimbidwa ndikofunika kwambiri. Mtengo wamagetsi wogwiritsa ntchito uyenera kukhala wochepera kuposa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amalandila pakudya ndi kugaya chakudya.