Bumblebee - Woimira anthu amtendere kwambiri, pafupifupi wopanda vuto lililonse. Ndizilombo zazikulu kwambiri komanso zokongola kwambiri. Nyama idatenga dzina lake lachilendo pachifukwa. Amachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Russia "chmel", lotanthauza "buzz, Wheeze." Umu ndi momwe mungadziwire mawu omwe opangidwa ndi tizilombo.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Nyama iyi ndi ya tizilombo ta arthropod, ku banja la njuchi zenizeni, ku gulu lomwelo - bumblebees. Mu Chilatini, dzina la mtundu limamveka ngati "Bombus". Amalemba m'gulu la tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko. Bumblebees ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo. Mpaka pano, mitundu yoposa mazana atatu ya bumblebees amadziwika kuti ndi amtundu wa makumi asanu.
Mwa mitundu, yotchuka kwambiri ndi iwiri:
- Bombus lapidarius,
- Bombus terrestris.
Ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi zazikulu, Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zambiri za mabanja awo. Ali ndi mtundu wachikaso chakuda. Mutha kusokoneza izi ndi ena kuchokera kutali okha. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma bumblebees ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri. Amapangidwira zolinga zamtendere zokha. Kuti mudziteteze, nyama zotere, monga njuchi zina, zimagwiritsa ntchito mbola.
Chochititsa chidwi: Chidutswa cha bumblebe sichimva kupweteka pang'ono kuposa njuchi kapena kuluma kwa mavu. Vutoli ndi lamtendere, sililuma popanda chifukwa. Mbola, nyamayo imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zamphamvu pokhapokha ngati ikuwopseza moyo wake.
Tizilombo timadziwika kuti ndi magazi ofunda. Ndi kuyenda kwambiri, thupi la bumblebe limatulutsa kutentha. Kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatha kufika madigiri makumi anayi. Oimira onse amtundu wa bumblebees ali ndi thupi la pubescent. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azitha kusintha nyengo ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Bumblebees ndizothandiza, zosunthika tizilombo. Zimasokoneza maluwa ambiri, mwachangu kuchoka kumalo ena kupita kwina.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Bumblebee
Oimira amtunduwu ndi ena mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osazizira kwambiri. Amalekerera chisanu chaching'ono. Izi zidapangidwa chifukwa cha mfuti yofunda komanso minofu yolimba ya chifuwa. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kutenthetsa thupi, kumatulutsa minofu mwachangu. Ndibuluzi zomwe zimakhala zoyamba kuwuluka kuti zitenge timadzi tokoma. Amachita izi m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe mpweya ulibe nthawi yoti uchitiretu kutentha kwa banja lonse la njuchi.
Bumblebe ndi tizilombo zazikulu. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumatha kufika mamilimita makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Akazi amatha kudzitamandira pamitundu yayikulu yotere. Amuna amakula mpaka mamilimita makumi awiri ndi anayi. Ndipo ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imatha kutalika mamilimita makumi atatu ndi asanu. Mwachitsanzo, bumblebee steppe. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mkazi ndi 0.85 g, ndipo kwamphongo mpaka 0,6 g.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za bumblebees
Kunja, bumblebee ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi njuchi wamba, yokha imakhala yayikulu, mpaka 2,5 masentimita kapena kupitilira, thupi lake lamadzimadzi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mikwaso yachikasu, koma nthawi zina mikwingwirima imakhala ya lalanje kapena yofiyira, anthu wamba akuda opanda mikwaso ndi osowa. Thupi la kachilombo limatha ndi mbola yosalala popanda nthata, yomwe sikuwoneka ngati yabwinobwino. Kumbuyo kuli mapiko awiri owonekera.
Pazonse, asayansi amawerengera mitundu yoposa 300 ya bumblebees. Anawonekera pa Earth zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo! Amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Africa, ku North America. Osati kale kwambiri, tizilombo ta shaggy timene tidabwera ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Amamva bwino m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, komanso m'minda.
Kodi njuchi zimakhala bwanji?
Amamanga zisa m'nthaka, zinyalala zamasamba, mabowo, zisa zamtchire, mbewa, mbewa, manyenje agologolo.
M'banja lililonse, muli anthu 200-300:
chiberekero, chomwe chimayikira mazira, ndi chachikulu kwambiri - pafupifupi 26 mm,
ogwira ntchito omwe amaliza chisa, kupeza chakudya, ndi ochepa kwambiri - mpaka 19 mm,
Amuna omwe amaphatikiza chiberekero amakhala ndi kukula pafupifupi 22 mm.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi lipenga. M'mawa uliwonse, amafulumira kutuluka mu chisa ndikuzutsa enawo ndi buluzi wapadera.
Banja lodziwika bwino limakhala chilimwe. Mukugwa, tizilombo tonse timafa, kupatula mfumukazi zazing'ono zochepa zomwe zimayamwa nyengo yozizirayo ndipo mu Epulo amayamba kupanga chisa, kuyikira mazira ndikuyambitsa banja latsopano.
Pali magawo anayi okha a nthanthi yophukira: dzira - mphutsi (amakula masiku 10-14) - pupa (amakula masiku 14) - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pazonse, kuyambira dzira mpaka mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi umadutsa.
Bumblebee bumblebees
Cuckoo bumblebees (paracic bumblebees, whispes, Latin Psithyrus) - chapansipansi cha majeremusi achikhalidwe kuchokera ku mtundu wa bumblebees (Bombus), osamanga zisa komanso osatenga mungu ndi timadzi tokoma. Mpaka posachedwa, amawerengedwa ngati mtundu wosiyana. Kuperewera kwa kusowa kwa zakudya kumabweretsa kusiyana kwa maumboni ena: tsitsi lophimba chitin ndilocheperako komanso lalifupi, mapikiselo ndi ofupikirapo, mafupa a chitinous ndi ochepa kwambiri, palibenso madengu oti angatenge mungu pamiyendo yakumbuyo. Ogwira ntchito palibe. Pofuna kubereketsa nyama, bumblebee yemwe amalumikizana ndi kulowa mu chisa cha olumikizana nawo, atawapatsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuti atukuke. Pofufuza chisa, majeremusi amayang'ana fungo lomwe limachokera pansi zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pansi pa chisa. Phokoso lathawali limakhala phee kuti lisakope chidwi cha eni. Tizilomboti timalowa mwachinsinsi, poyamba imabisala kwa eni nyiniyo mpaka itanunkhira, kenako imatuluka ndipo imayenda kutsogolo kwawo kuti iwone momwe imachitira. Samakhudza anthu osalankhula osamvetsera iye, ndikupha omwe akuyesera kuti amugwere. Mafupa ake oyenda bwino amakhala olimba kwambiri kuposa bumblebee, mbola imakhala yayitali, ndipo nsagwada ndi yofupika, yokhala ndi mano amphamvu, komanso imavulaza kuposa ma bumblebe. Koma nthawi zina ma bumblebe amawukiridwa ndi gulu lalikulu, ndipo mlendo wosadziwika samwalira, popeza pali zovuta zina pazankhondo zake: kutha kwam'mimba ndi khosi.
Nthawi zambiri bumblebee-cuckoo amapha chiberekero, kenako amaponya mphutsi ndi mazira m'mapaketi a ana (koma osati pupae - amatulutsa kutentha ndipo samatha kudya). Koma mitundu ina sigwira omwe akukhudzawo, ndipo onse awiri (majeremusi ndi ochititsa) amaswana. Koma ngati njati ziwiri zolumikizira zilowe mu chisa chimodzi, ndiye kuti ayambanso ndewu, ndipo mmodzi wawo akafa.
Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wa bumblebee-parasite umamera zisa za gulu limodzi kapena awiri a bumblebee, ndipo mndandanda wawo umafikira mpaka kumalire a kumpoto kwa magawo a ma bumblebees. Mitundu yambiri imatengera kunja mitundu yomwe imasankha kuti ikule (mtundu umodzi, amuna okha).
Mphutsi za tiziromboti zimakula mwachangu kuposa wolandirayo, ndipo chiberekero sichikulakalaka nthawi yachisanu.
Kodi bumblebee amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tizilombo Bumblebee
Bumblebe ndi amodzi mwa tizilombo tofala kwambiri. Amakhala pamakondomu onse. Chosiyana ndi ichi ndi Antarctica. Komabe, anthu okhala m'magawo osiyanasiyana siofanana. Chifukwa chake, ku Northern Hemisphere, ma bumblebe ochulukirapo amatha kupezeka m'malo otentha. Mitundu ina yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka kupyola Arctic Circle. Ku Chukotka, ku Greenland, Alaska, akumpoto ndi polar amakhala. Kwa moyo, amasankha mapiri, mapiri a mapiri, amakhala pafupi ndi malire a chipale chofewa.
M'malo otentha, ma bumblebe ndi osowa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa thupi la nyama. Sangokhala omasuka pa kutentha kwambiri. Bumblebees amakonda nyengo yozizira. Ku Amonia kuli mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imakhala ku Amazonia: Mitundu ingapo imatha kuwoneka kudera lotentha la Asia. Tizilomboti timabalalika ku South America, kupatula komwe kumatentha. Komanso nyamazo zimakhala ku Africa, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, ndi mayiko ena ambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mbuluzi sizilombo zoyipa. Pazifukwa izi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda, nyumba zam'nyumba za chilimwe poyatsira mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zitha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso.
Ma bumblebe a m'munda amabweretsedwa makamaka ku Australia. Pamenepo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukutira kwa clover, kumangokhala m'chigawo cha Tasmania. Mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo timene timakhala ku New Zealand.
Kodi bumblebe amadya chiyani?
Nyama izi ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a njuchi. Koma, ngakhale izi, zakudya zawo ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mavu ali ndi mndandanda wofalikira wa "zakudya" zomwe ndizoyenera kudya. Amadya zipatso, mitengo yamkaka, shuga, msuzi wa zipatso, amatha kusangalala ndi uchi ndi uchi, wothira madzi. Zakudya zoterezi sizoyenera kuwerengetsa.
Oimira amtunduwu amadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Amazisonkhanitsa kuchokera kumitundu yambiri yazomera. Mndandanda wazomera ndi waukulu, motero bumblebees amatchedwa pollinators universal. Zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu pa ntchito zaulimi za anthu, zomwe zimachulukitsa zipatso zambiri.
Mbidzi zazikulu ndimathanso kudyetsa mphutsi zawo. Kuti achite izi, amabweretsa timadzi tokoma tachisa. Nthawi zina m'malo mwa timadzi tokoma, mphutsi zimapatsidwa uchi wawo. Bumblebe amapanganso uchi, koma ndiwosiyana ndi njuchi wamba. Uchi wa Bumblebee ndi wowonda kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala, opepuka. Sizimakoma ayi ndipo siitulutsa kafungo kabwino. Uchi wotere umasungidwa bwino.
Chosangalatsa: M'mawa kutacha, bumblebee nthawi zonse amawonekera chisa cha bumblebee, chomwe chimayamba kulira. Poyamba, asayansi adakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amalimbikitsa ena onse kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti bumblebee anali akunjenjemera kuchokera kuzizira ndikuyesera kuti adziwiritse moto, chifukwa mmawa kutenthera kwambiri.
Ma bumblebe a pollination amakonda kusankha maluwa owala kwambiri. Nthawi zina, nyama zimatha kusangalala ndi msuzi wa mtengo. Pakudya zawo, nyama izi zimasunthira mbewu, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa zipatso. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi tizilombo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Bumblebee pamwamba pa duwa
Bumblebee amatanthauza tizilombo tambiri. Amakhala moyo wawo ndi mabanja. Banja lililonse limakhala ndi mfumukazi zazikulu, zazimuna ndi zazing'ono zomwe zikugwira ntchito. Mabanja amakhala zisa zazikulu. Nyama izi zimamanga zisa za mitundu itatu:
- Pansi. Nyumba zamtunduwu zimasankhidwa ndi mamembala ambiri amtunduwu. Chisa chimakhala m'malo otayidwa tinthu tating'ono, tating'ono. Fungo la nyama zotere limakopeka makamaka ndi njuchi zazikazi. Pofuna kufinya chisa chapansi panthaka, kachilomboka amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zatsalira ndi ndodo: udzu wouma, ubweya,
- Padziko lapansi. Zisa zotere zimakhazikika mu udzu wandiweyani, zisa za mbalame zosiyidwa, m'maenje,
- Pamwamba pansi. Mitundu ina ya njuchi imakhala m'maenje a mitengo, m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana ngakhale m'nyumba zopangidwa ndi mbalame.
Banja lodziwika bwino silambiri. Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero chawo chimakwana anthu zana limodzi. Amakhala limodzi chaka chimodzi chokha. Mbali ina ya akazi ipeza mabanja atsopano, gawo linalo limapita nthawi yachisanu. Khalidwe la ma bumblebe ndi lambiri. Aliyense m'banjamo ali ndi ntchito zake. Akuluakulu ogwira nawo ntchito amagwira ntchito yonse "yakuda". Amadyetsa mphutsi, kupeza chakudya, kusamalira nyumba. Chiberekero chikuchita mazira, amuna - umuna wa akazi. Atamaliza ntchito yayikulu, amuna amuna okhala zisa sanatalikirane.
Mtundu wa mabumbowa ndi wodekha, osati wankhanza. Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri am'banja lawo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimazunza anthu popanda chifukwa. Pokhapokha ngati pali zoopsa zingagwire bumblebee. Komabe, kwa munthu zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Bumblebee
Kapangidwe ka ma bumblebe ndi zofanana ndi kakhalidwe kazomwe zimayimira njuchi zenizeni. Mu nyama izi, chiberekero ndiye chachikulu. Ndiye amene amapanga banja, m'mayambiriro ake omwe akuchita ntchito yopanga nyumba, amayikira mazira. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi abambo ndi agwape ogwirira ntchito, omwe kenako amadyetsa ana, kusaka chakudya.
Mbidzi yachikazi imazunzidwa mchilimwe. Ukadzala umuna, umayamba kudya mwachangu kwa milungu ingapo. Izi ndizofunikira kubereka ana athanzi. Kenako, wamkazi amayamba kufunafuna malo abwino oti adzaikire mazira. Nthawi imeneyi, mazira m'mimba mwa mkazi amayamba kucha. Atapeza malo, mzimayiyu amayamba ntchito yosamalira zisa.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Si mitundu yonse ya mabumbwi omwe amavutika ndi kupangira chisa. Oimira ena amtundu wamtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo wamasamba. Amayika ana awo ming'oma ya mabanja ena.
Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 16. Onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofikira, ofikira mamilimita anayi kutalika. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi limodzi, mphutsi zimatuluka m'm mazira. Mphutsi zamkati mwa masiku makumi awiri. Coco amakula pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ndiye kuti, pafupifupi, achikulire amawonekera atayika mazira m'masiku makumi atatu.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati chiberekero chidzafa modzidzimutsa, banja la bumblebe siliwonongeka. Ntchito zake zimayamba kugwira ntchito zolankhula. Amathanso kuikira mazira.
Adani achilengedwe a bumblebees
Chithunzi: Bumblebee kuthawa
Ziphuphu ndizofulumira, zachangu, komanso zopanda tizilombo. Komabe, ali ndi adani achilengedwe okwanira. Mdani wamkulu wa mabumboni amatha kutchedwa nyerere. Chinyama chaching'ono choterechi chimayipitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono: chimaba uchi, mazira, mphutsi. Mitundu yonse yomwe imakonda kumanga zisa pansi imavutika ndi nyerere. Pachifukwachi, mitundu yambiri imakana nyumba ngati imeneyi, ikonda kukhazikika pamwamba panthaka kapena pansi pa nthaka, momwe zimavuta kuti nyerere zisalowemo.
Adani a bumblebee amatchulidwanso ena oimira mavu. Chifukwa chake, ena a iwo amangobweretsa zovuta pang'ono, akumaba uchi wokonzedwa kumene, ena amapha ana. Mavu akunyumba amatenga nawo mbali pakuba uchi, ndipo mavu aku Germany amatha kusangalala ndi ana.
Kuopsa kwa bumblebee palokha kumawuluka ntchentche. Amagunda kachilombo mumlengalenga. Ntchentche yotere imatha kuthamangitsa munthu wake kwa maola ambiri. Atakwaniritsa cholinga chake, mbalameyi ikamagona imayika dzira mwachindunji. Pambuyo pake, mphutsi zimaswa dzira. Amayamba kudya womunyamula, yemwe pang'onopang'ono amamwalira.
Kuvulala kochulukira kwa kuchuluka kwa bumblebee kumachitika chifukwa cha mbalame ndi zilombo zolusa. Mwa mbalame, wakudya njuchi wagolide amadziwika kuti ndiye mdani wamkulu. Mwaluso amapanga tizirombo mazana ambiri, ndikuwononga zochulukitsa zingapo chaka chimodzi. Agalu, ankhandwe, nkhandwe zilibe nazo ntchito chakudya chotere. Amakumana ndi zisa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta Bumblebee
Bumblebee ndiye pollinator wofunikira kwambiri. Zimabweretsa zabwino mu ntchito zaulimi za anthu komanso zachilengedwe chonse, kupukutira nkhalango, kulimidwa, mitengo yokhomera. Ndizachilengedwe, "zimagwira ntchito" mwachangu kwambiri kuposa njuchi. Makamaka kutenga nawo mbali ndikofunikira pakugawa miyendo, nyemba, clover. Mutha kunena mosabisa kuti mbewu izi zimakula motere chifukwa cha bumblebees. Mwachitsanzo, ma bumblebe amabweretsedwa ku Australia ndendende ndi cholinga chofuna kubereketsa, kupukusa mungu wa clover.
Mitundu ya bumblebees ndiyambiri. Masiku ano pali mitundu yoposa mazana atatu. Nyama izi zimakhala zochulukirapo pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kusiyana kwake ndi ku Antarctica. Ziphuphu zazing'anga zimabala msanga mokwanira, modzitchinjiriza mwaluso, nthawi zina zopatsa anthu ntchito zaulimi. Pazifukwa izi, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi ndizokhazikika.
Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mabumbwe masiku ano sikuli pachiwopsezo. Malingaliro amapatsidwa mwayi wokhala "wopanda nkhawa". Komabe, zitha kudziwika kuti ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa molondola kwambiri pazifukwa zomveka. Ndi ochepa kwambiri, nthawi zina amakhala m'malo osafikirika.Ndikosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nyama.
Mlonda wa Bumblebee
Chithunzi: Buku Lofiira la Bumblebee
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwazibulu zambiri, oimira ena amtunduwu amadziwika kuti pang'onopang'ono ndikutha tizilombo. Mitundu ina ya bumblebe imafa pang'onopang'ono, motero adalembedwa m'mabuku a Red of mayiko komanso m'mizinda ina. Ndikosavuta kutchula zomwe zimayambitsa kutha kwa nyama izi.
Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu osauka: kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe m'maiko, kuwonekera kwa adani achilengedwe ndi tizilombo, kuwononga zisa, komanso kusowa kwa chakudya.
Mtundu wachilendo ndi mtundu wa ku Armenia bumblebee. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine, Russia. Nyama imachita kupukutidwa kwa mbewu zovuta, nyemba. Amafuna kukhazikika kumapiri a nkhalango, mapiri, kumapiri kwa nkhalango komwe mitengo ya paini imamera. Komanso mu Red Book of Russia wamba bumblebee adalembedwa. Pang'ono, amakhalabe kumadera ena a ku Europe kwa Russia.
Ngakhale kuti Mitundu ina ya mabumbidwe adalembedwa mu Red Book. Njira zowatetezera sizikuchitikabe. Izi ndichifukwa choti pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo mitundu yonseyi ndiyotetezeka. Komabe, pofuna kusunga zotsalira za mitundu yachilendo, ndikofunikira munjira yochepetsera zochitika zachuma m'malo mwawo, kuletsa kulima kwamoto, ndikuchepetsa msipu wa ng'ombe.
Bumblebee - Zowoneka bwino. Ndi pollinator wachilengedwe chonse, sikuvulaza munthu, sikuwonetsa kukwiya. Ziphuphu zili ponseponse padziko lapansi. Amalekerera nyengo yozizira, kupewa malo otentha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi awo. Uwu ndi mtundu wapadera wa banja la njuchi, lomwe liyenera kuyang'aniridwa komanso kusamalidwa ndi anthu, chifukwa mitundu ina ya mabubu masiku ano yalembedwa kale m'Mabuku Ofunika a mayiko amodzi.
Kodi ma bumblebe amakhala kuti?
Ziphuphu zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, m'ma kontinenti onse, kupatula ku Antarctica ozizira. Ndizachilengedwe makamaka pakupezeka kotentha, koma pali mitundu ina ya bumblebe yomwe imakhala kunja kwa Arctic Circle, mu tundra. Mlendo wolowera nthawi zambiri amakhala malo obisika m'mapiri, koma pafupi ndi equator, m'malo otentha, mulibe maumboni ambiri, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango za Amazon pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya mabubu. Komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, mitundu ina ya masamba ochokera ku Europe idapita ku Australia ndi New Zealand, komwe ikukhalabe lero.
Mwambiri, abubu ndi oimira ovuta kwambiri a banja la njuchi. Ngakhale kuti sakonda madera otentha kwambiri, zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe awo, chowonadi chake ndichakuti kutentha kwachilengedwe kwa thupi la bumblebee kumatha kufika mpaka 40 digiri Celsius, kupitilira kutentha kozungulira ndi madigiri 20-30. Kukula kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kupendekeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ya chifuwa cha bumblebee, kutsitsa komweku ndikomwe kumayambira chizindikiro chake.
Zilonda za Bumblebee Pamwamba Pansi
Mitundu ina ya njuchi amakonda kukonza zisa zawo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi: m'maenje a mitengo, m'nyumba za mbalame.
Kapangidwe ka zisa za pansi panthaka ndi nthaka zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndipo zimatengera mzere womwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi ma bumblebees. Ming'oma imatulutsidwa ndi udzu wouma, mbewa yolimba, yolimbikitsidwa ndi sera yomwe imasungidwa ndi bumblebees mothandizidwa ndi tiziwalo tating'ono ta m'mimba. Kuchokera pa sera uyu, ma bumblebe amapanga ndulu ya sera yomwe imalepheretsa kulowetsa chinyezi, imabisanso khomo lolowera chisa kuti iteteze osazungulira.
Moyo wama bulube mwachilengedwe
Ng'ombe, monga zolengedwa zina za banja la njuchi, ndizolengedwa ndipo zimakhala m'mabanja okhala:
- mfumukazi zazikulu.
- zing'ono zing'ono zazikazi zogwira ntchito.
- zolankhula zazimuna.
Chiberekero ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kubereka kubereka, ngakhale kulibe, akazi ogwirira ntchito amathanso kuyikira mazira. Banja la bumblebee silingafanane ndi banja la njuchi, koma limakhalabe 100-200, ndipo nthawi zina anthu 500 onse. Nthawi ya moyo wabanja la banja lodziwika bwino limakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pambuyo pake banjali limasokonekera, gawo lina la akazi limapita nthawi yachisanu kuti liyambe kuyambitsa moyo watsopano kumapeto kwa nyengo.
M'banja la bumblebee, aliyense ali ndi ntchito yakeyake: wogwira ntchito popeza chakudya amapeza chakudya, kudyetsa mphutsi, kusamalira komanso kuteteza chisa. Nthawi yomweyo, palinso magawano pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito, popeza nthumwi zazikulu zimawulukira chakudya, pomwe zing'onozing'ono zimadyetsa mphutsi.
Ntchito ya amuna ndi yosavuta komanso yomveka - umuna wa akazi. Chiberekero cha bumblebee, ndiye woyamba wamkazi wabanja, amaikira mazira, kudyetsa mphutsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasamalira ana.
Kodi njuchi zimaswana bwanji?
Kuswana kwa Bumblebee kuli magawo anayi:
- Dzira.
- Larva.
- Dolly.
- Imago (ndi wamkulu).
Ndi chiyambi cha masika, chiberekero chimasindikizidwanso ndikuthira manyowa posachedwa ndipo mkati mwa masabata angapo akukonzekera mwakhama chisacho. Tapeza malo oyenera chisa, chiberekero chimayamba kumanga. Mu chisa chomwe changomangidwa kumene, chiberekero chimayika mazira 8-16 okhala ndi mawonekedwe.
Pambuyo pa masiku 3-6, mphutsi za bumblebee zimatuluka, zimakula mwachangu, ndikudya chakudya chomwe chimabwera ndi mkazi.
Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 19, mphutsi za bumblebee zimayamba kuluka coco ndikusewera. Pakatha masiku ena 10-18, ana am'mimbamo amayamba kutuluka ku cocoon, ndikukukutula. Mwa njira, pambuyo pake ma cocoon opanda kanthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga uchi kapena mungu. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa ana oyamba, patatha masiku 20-30 kuchokera pomwe anaikira mazira, chiberekero sichimatuluka mu chisa. Ntchito zopanga chakudya zimatengedwa ndi ana ake oyamba - ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito zina zonse zofunika.
Za abambo obadwa, patatha masiku 3-5 atapangidwa munthu wamkulu, amasiya zisa zawo kuti azisaka zisa zina ndi mfumukazi zina zomwe angadzakwatirane nazo nyengo yakukhwima kumapeto.
Kodi bumblebee amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Moyo wa bumblebee ndi waufupi ndipo zimatengera malo omwe munthu amakhala bumblebee, komwe wopanga bumblebee amakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ophulika, amphongo amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo amafa atangokwatirana, wopeza wamkazi amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa wina aliyense, zazikazi zobadwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, ndipo iwo obadwa nthawi yophukira amatha kukhala chaka chathunthu - kufikira kugwa kwotsatira.
Earth Bumblebee
Bumblebee uyu amasiyanitsidwa ndi msana wokhala ndi gulu lakuda bii komanso pamwamba chakuda pachifuwa. Akazi amafikira 19-23 mm kutalika, ogwira ntchito 11-17 mm. Amakhala ku Europe, kutsogolo Asia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Chochititsa chidwi, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, njira idapangidwa yopanga mafakitale amtunduwu wa bumblebee. Chowonadi ndi chakuti bumblebee woumbayo amabweretsa zabwino zambiri, kuthandiza kupukutika kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo tomato, biringanya, nkhaka, tsabola ndi sitiroberi).
ChiArmanian bumblebee
Woimira osowa wa ufumu wa bumblebee, m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikizanso ku Ukraine, adalembedwa mu Red Book. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Asia Minor. Kutalika kwa thupi la bumblebee ndi 21-32 mm. Ili ndi mapiko a bulauni komanso masaya otambalala.
Munda bumblebee
Komanso malo obisika pansi panthawiyi, a Britain adachidziwitsira ku New Zealand, komwe akukhalabe mpaka pano. Kupatula izi, mutha kukumana ndi masamba osiyanapo ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku England kupita ku Siberia. Chiberekero ndi 18-24 mm kutalika, anthu ogwira ntchito 11-16 mm. Chifuwa cha bumblebee uyu ndi wachikaso ndi chingwe chakuda pakati pamapiko. Iyenso ndi mwini buluzi wautali kwambiri komanso zisa pansi pamaboti akale osiyidwa ndi makoswe.
Kuluma kwa Bumblebee ndi zotsatira zake
Mwambiri, bumblebee ndi tizilombo tosangalatsa pamtendere, iyemwini samamenya nkhondo, ndipo amangoluma yekha podziteteza. Ngakhale zili choncho, kuluma kwa bumblebe ndi kofooka komanso kopanda vuto, izi si nkhokwe kwa inu. Kuluma m'thupi sikungokhala, khungubwe limabweza lokha, koma poyizoni yemwe amatulutsa pakuluma kumatha kubweretsa zosasangalatsa: kuyabwa, kupweteka, kufupika, kutupa, nthawi yayitali, amatha masiku angapo. Koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa kwa anthu ambiri athanzi, poyizoni wa bumblebee siowopsa.
Zoyenera kuchita kunyumba ngati bumblebee pang'ono
Zachidziwikire, chinthu chabwino ndikungopewa kuluma, chifukwa zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita sikoyesa kutenga bumblebee m'manja mwanu, koma muziwonetsetsa mwachilengedwe kuti musakhale pamtunda pompopompo ndi "malo anu ofewa". Koma ngati kuluma kwangozi kudachitika, ndiye kuti chithandizo choyamba chizikhala motere:
- Malo olumidwawo amayenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi antiseptic, mowa kapena madzi ndi sopo.
- Ikani compress yozizira pamalo owuma.
- Osamamwa mowa nthawi zonse kuluma.
- Kulimitsa, ngati kulipo, kumatha kuchotsedwa ndi antihistamine: suprastin, claritin, zirtek, etc.
Adani a Bumblebees
Adani akuluakulu a bumblebees ndi nyerere, kuba uchi kuchokera kwa wamkazi, kuba mazira ndi mphutsi za bumblebee. Kuti azidziteteza ku nyerere, mbewa zimamanga zisa zawo pansi, kutali ndi anthill.
Mdani wina wa bumblebees ndi mavu ndi ntchentche za canopid, zomwe zimabanso uchi wa bumblebee ndikudya ana. Mbalame zina, monga zodya njuchi zagolidi, zimadya njuchi, kuzikhomera.