Mamina olembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine, - mndandanda wamitundu 68 yazinyama zosowa komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zili pangozi zomwe zidaphatikizidwa m'buku laposachedwa la Red Book of Ukraine (2009).

Poyerekeza ndi kope loyambirira (1994), mitundu yatsopano 29 idaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa 2009. Mitundu iwiri siyidaphatikizidwe ndi Red Book (badger ndi Sherman water vole), popeza anthu ake adabwezeretsedwa bwino. Tebulo likuwonetseranso momwe angasungire mitundu ya nyama malinga ndi Red Book of Ukraine.

Mu mtundu wina amatsindikidwa: Mitundu yatsopano yophatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa 2009.

Chimbalangondo cha brown

Zotsatira zowerengera zaposachedwa ndizochepera 500 kuchokera ku zimbalangondo kupita ku Ukraine yonse. Ambiri amakalamba okhalamo amakhala ku Transcarpathia. Pafupifupi anthu zana limodzi adalembedwa m'zigawo za Lviv ndi Chernivtsi. Zimbalangondo zotsalazo zimakhala ku Sumy ndi Kiev.

Clubfoot Lowani zinyama za Red Book of Ukrainemonga mndandanda wazinthu zadziko zomwe zili pangozi. Pali anthu 200,000 omwe atsala padzikoli. Padziko lonse lapansi - mwayi. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo cha bulauni chimalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia komanso kufalitsa kwapadziko lonse.

Pachithunzichi pali chimbalangondo chofiirira

Zoyeserera za Red Book of Ukraine

Njati

p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->

Lynx

p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->

Korsak

p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 ->

Mphaka wamtchire

p, blockquote 13,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->

Steppe

p, blockquote 15,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 16,0,0,0,0 ->

Hare

p, blockquote 17,0,0,0,0 - ->

p, blockquote 18,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->

Ermine

p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->

Big jerboa

p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->

Kuvala

p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->

Munda wapanja

p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->

European mink

p, blockquote 35,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

Muskrat

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->

Alpine shrew

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

Shrew-White-Shrew

p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

Gopher

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

Mbalame za Red Book of Ukraine

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

Dokowe wakuda

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

Chiwombankhanga chagolide

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->

Chikopa cha toni ziwiri

p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

Zamoyo, njoka ndi tizilombo

Nsomba zamkuwa

p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->

Steppe viper

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->

Njoka imafanizidwa

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

Buluzi wobiriwira

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->

Chida chamaso achikasu

p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

Madzi okhala mu Buku Lofiira la Ukraine

Bottlenose dolphin

p, blockquote 67,0,1,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

Gulu la Dolphin

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->

Trout

p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 76,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 79,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 80,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 81,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 82,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 83,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 84,0,0,0,0 ->

Ma nsapato

p, blockquote 85,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 86,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 87,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 88,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 89,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 90,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 91,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 92,0,0,0,0 ->

Zomera

Udzu wamaloto

p, blockquote 93,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 94,0,0,0,0 ->

Chipale chofewa

p, blockquote 95,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 96,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Astra Alpine

p, blockquote 97,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 98,0,0,0,0 ->

Alpine Bialotka

p, blockquote 99,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 100,0,0,0,0 ->

White pearl

p, blockquote 101,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 102,0,0,0,0 ->

Yarrow

p, blockquote 103,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 104,0,0,0,0 ->

Narcissus wopapatiza

p, blockquote 105,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 106,0,0,0,0 ->

Tulip Shrenka

p, blockquote 107,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 108,0,0,0,0 ->

Orchis wokhala ndi mutu

p, blockquote 109,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 110,0,0,0,0 ->

Ndalama kakombo

p, blockquote 111,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 112,0,0,0,0 ->

Saffron geyfeliv

p, blockquote 113,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 114,0,0,0,0 ->

Masamba awiri

p, blockquote 115,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 116,0,0,0,0 ->

Pe pe

p, blockquote 117,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 118,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Lunaria amakhala wamoyo

p, blockquote 119,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 120,0,0,0,0 ->

Shiverekia Podolsk

p, blockquote 121,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 122,0,0,0,0 ->

Red clover

p, blockquote 123,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 124,0,0,0,0 ->

Adiantum Venus Tsitsi

p, blockquote 125,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 126,0,0,0,0 ->

Aspleniy wakuda

p, blockquote 127,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 128,0,0,0,0 ->

Phulusa loyera

p, blockquote 129,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 130,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Colchicum yophukira

p, blockquote 131,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 132,0,0,0,0 ->

Sage Kremenets

p, blockquote 133,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 134,0,0,0,0 ->

Gulu lanyengo yamapiri

p, blockquote 135,1,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 136,0,0,0,0 ->

Lunar ali moyo

p, blockquote 137,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 138,0,0,0,0 ->

Munda wamaluwa wamaluwa

p, blockquote 139,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 140,0,0,0,0 ->

Bonadonna vulgaris

p, blockquote 141,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 142,0,0,0,0 ->

Madzi oyera oyera

p, blockquote 143,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 144,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Phatikizani chimanga

p, blockquote 145,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 146,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Rhodiola rosea

p, blockquote 147,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 148,0,0,0,0 ->

Juniper Cossack

p, blockquote 149,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 150,0,0,0,0,0 ->

An-tsamba loyambirira

p, blockquote 151,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 152,0,0,0,0 ->

Marsilia masamba anayi

p, blockquote 153,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 154,0,0,0,0 ->

Rhododendron Oriental

p, blockquote 155,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 156,0,0,0,0 ->

Amuna achimayi

p, blockquote 157,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 158,0,0,0,0 ->

Saffron ndi wokongola

p, blockquote 159,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 160,0,0,0,0 ->

Violet yoyera

p, blockquote 161,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 162,0,0,0,0 ->

Palip Donetsk

p, blockquote 163,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 164,0,0,0,0 ->

Bieberstein Stalk

p, blockquote 165,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 166,0,0,0,0 ->

Astragalus Dnieper

p, blockquote 167,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 168,0,0,0,0 ->

Mtundu wamitundu yambiri

p, blockquote 169,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 170,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Daphne Borovina

p, blockquote 171,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 172,0,0,0,0 ->

Adonis masika

p, blockquote 173,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 174,0,0,0,0 ->

Lupanga la udzu

p, blockquote 175,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 176,0,0,0,0 ->

Zaubweya wa aconite

p, blockquote 177,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 178,0,0,0,0 ->

Dwarfish euonymus

p, blockquote 179,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 180,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Ramson

p, blockquote 181,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 182,0,0,0,0 ->

Bell Carpathian

p, blockquote 183,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 184,0,0,0,0 ->

Mbiri yachinyengo

p, blockquote 185,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 186,0,0,0,0 ->

Biringanya yaying'ono

p, blockquote 187,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 188,0,0,0,0 ->

Mtambo

p, blockquote 189,0,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 190,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Cranberry yaying'ono

p, blockquote 191,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 192,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Bifolia

p, blockquote 193,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 194,0,0,0,0 ->

Difaziastrum yosanja

p, blockquote 195,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 196,0,0,0,0 ->

Orchis Monkey

p, blockquote 197,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 198,0,0,0,0,0 ->

White pearl

p, blockquote 199,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 200,0,0,0,0 ->

Mafuta

p, blockquote 201,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 202,0,0,0,0 ->

Dryad Eightfold

p, blockquote 203,0,0,1,0 ->

p, blockquote 204,0,0,0,0 ->

Ofesi ya Beehive

p, blockquote 205,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 206,0,0,0,0 ->

Phiri la Arnica

p, blockquote 207,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 208,0,0,0,0 ->

Anacamptis piramidi

p, blockquote 209,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 210,0,0,0,0 ->

Salvinia akuyandama

p, blockquote 211,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 212,0,0,0,0 ->

Astrantia ndi wamkulu

p, blockquote 213,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 214,0,0,0,0 ->

Linnaeus kumpoto

p, blockquote 215,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 216,0,0,0,0 ->

Pachesi yolimba

p, blockquote 217,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 218,0,0,0,0 ->

Hemophilus officinalis

p, blockquote 219,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 220,0,0,0,0 ->

Mabelu a Liliac

p, blockquote 221,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 222,0,0,0,0 ->

Checkered grouse

p, blockquote 223,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 224,0,0,0,0 ->

Palmtree

p, blockquote 225,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 226,0,0,0,0 ->

Mwana wamphongo wamba

p, blockquote 227,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 228,0,0,0,0 ->

Penny

p, blockquote 229,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 230,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Chithaphwi marsh

p, blockquote 231,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 232,0,0,0,0 ->

Erythronium Galu Mano

p, blockquote 233,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 234,0,0,0,0 ->

Aronnik woyera-mapiko

p, blockquote 235,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 236,0,0,0,0 ->

Asphodelin chikasu

p, blockquote 237,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 238,0,0,0,0 ->

Rowan Glogovin

p, blockquote 239,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 240,0,0,0,0 ->

Kozelec Austrian

p, blockquote 241,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 242,0,0,0,0 ->

Kokushnik

p, blockquote 243,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 244,0,0,0,0 ->

Cirsium

p, blockquote 245,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 246,0,0,0,0 ->

Asplenium

p, blockquote 247,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 248,0,0,0,0 ->

Maykaragan Volga

p, blockquote 249,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 250,0,0,0,0 ->

Kukhala wamtendere kwambiri

p, blockquote 251,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 252,0,0,0,0 ->

Katran Chitata

p, blockquote 253,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 254,0,0,0,0 ->

Siberia iris

p, blockquote 255,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 256,0,0,0,0 ->

Doronicum ChiHungary

p, blockquote 257,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 258,0,0,0,0 ->

Kugwira nkhuku

p, blockquote 259,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 260,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Eremurus

p, blockquote 261,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 262,0,0,0,0 ->

Chitsamba

p, blockquote 263,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 264,0,0,0,0 ->

Njoka

p, blockquote 265,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 266,0,0,0,0 ->

Pomaliza

Nawa ma taxa adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Amakumana ndi kuwonongedwa pang'ono kapena kotheratu. Mitunduyi imatetezedwa, ndipo kusaka ndikulangidwa ndi chindapusa.

p, blockquote 267,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Ukraine ndi amodzi mwa mayiko olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi malinga ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndi malo abwino okhala mitundu yambiri. Komabe, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kukupitirirabe, chuma chatha, ndipo malo oyenera amtundu wina akuchepetsedwa.

p, blockquote 268,0,0,0,0,0 ->

Pamenepa, njira zikuchitidwa kusunga ndikubwezeretsa zachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe kuti aletse kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha taxa m'chilengedwe. Buku Lofiyira ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chomwe chimaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

p, blockquote 269,0,0,0,0 ->

Kuteteza zachilengedwe masiku ano kumapangitsa chitetezo cha oimira maluwa ndi zinyama. Ngati palibe chomwe chikuchitika, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kumatsika mofulumira.

p, blockquote 270,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 271,0,0,0,0,1 ->

Taxa zosowa kwambiri zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wapadera ndipo zikuwunikira. Zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Imasaka nthumwi za anthu omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book, ndizoletsedwa ndi malamulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosaloledwa za mitundu iyi ndikulangidwa malinga ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa.

Lynx

Mu "Buku Lofiyira" la Ukraine lidachitika chifukwa cha kuwombera kwakukulu ku Europe. Adapha chifukwa cha ubweya. Tsopano kusaka kwa lynx ndikusaka. Ukraine ikhoza "kudzitama" amphaka amtchire mazana anayi okha.

Onse a iwo ali nyama za "Buku Lofiyira" la Ukraine ku Polesie. Omalizirawa akutanthauza zigawo za Kiev ndi Sumy. Kunja, lynx sizimachitika.

Kutha kwa lynx sikungangotaya chilombo chodziimira pawokha, champhamvu komanso chokomera, komanso kugwedeza chilengedwe.Mphaka wamtchire amayambira, makamaka nyama zodwala. Kuwadya, ma lynxes amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa matenda, kuchiritsa kuchuluka kwa omwe akuwatsata.

Pali lingaliro lomwe lynxes imagwira anthu, kudumpha kuchokera pamitengo. Izi ndi nthano. Amphaka a Red-book amayesa kupewa anthu. Palibe mbiri yojambulidwa yopindulitsa anthu, makamaka kuchokera pamtengo.

Lynx

Chimbalangondo cha brown

Chimodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino komanso zowopsa padziko lapansi ndi bere la bulauni. Ndiye mtsogoleri wa nthano ndi nthano zamayiko ambiri. Chimbalangondo chofiirachi chimakhala m'nkhalango zazikulu, kubisala m'nkhalango nthawi yachisanu.

Kunja, chimbalangondo chofiirira ndi nyama yamphamvu yokhala ndi mutu waukulu, pomwe amayikapo maso ndi makutu ang'ono. Mphamvu yayikulu yamikwapulo ya bearish imaperekedwa ndi hump yomwe imapezeka m'deralo kufota, ndi kudziunjikira kwa minofu yolimba bwino. Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi mchira wa kutalika kwa 20 cm, koma sichimaoneka pakati pa chikhoto cholimba. Mtundu wa chovalacho umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi subs subsies kuchokera ku bulauni pang'ono mpaka wakuda, mtundu wamba ndi bulauni. Chimbalangondochi chili ndi miyendo inayi, chilichonse chokhala ndi zala zisanu. Chala chilichonse chimatha ndi chovala chowoneka ngati chikwakwa mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm. Amuna amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 2.5 m ndikulemera 500-750 kg. Nyamayi imawoneka yosasangalatsa, koma kwenikweni chimbalangondo ndichopepuka kwambiri komanso chatha, chimatha kudumpha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, kusambira ndi kukwera mitengo. Ikafika pamalo ake, kutalika kwake kumafika 3 m.

Chimbalangondo chofiirira ndi chopanda pake. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zimbalangondo zimadya mizu, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mababu a chomera. Pambuyo pake, ma acorn, bowa, mtedza ndi zipatso zimakhala chakudya chake. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyama zimapita kuminda ndi chimanga kapena oats. Mukugwa, chimbalangondo chimayamba kunenepa, chikukonzekera nthawi ya hibernation, michere imadzunjikira m'thupi lake. Munthawi imeneyi, nyamayo imakhazikitsa mwala pamwala, pang'onopang'ono pansi pa chitsa kapena chaphokoso, malo osungiramo khola amayenera kusankhidwa kukhala youma. Amuna amabisala mosiyana ndi akazi. Ngati m'chilimwe munalibe chakudya chokwanira, chimbalangondo chimayendayenda nthawi yachisanu kukafuna chakudya. Chimbalangondo chotere chimatchedwa "cholumikiza", chimakhala chowopsa kwa herbivores ndipo nthawi zina chimatha kugwiranso munthu.

Makhalidwe a mtunduwu mu Red Book ali pangozi: kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zofiirira ku Ukraine sikupitilira 300 anthu. Pafupifupi ma 200lubfoot amakhala kumadera a Transcarpathian ndi Ivano-Frankivsk, ena pafupifupi 50 ku Lviv ndi 20 ku Chernivtsi.

Zifukwa zakuchepa: Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhalango mopitilira muyeso, kuwononga zachilengedwe zambiri, kuwononga nyama.

Steppe mbewa

Mbewa ya steppe ili ndi mayina ambiri: mbewa yakumwera, mbewa zopingasa zitatu, mbewa yoluka kapena yoluka. Imapezeka mu steppe ndi nkhalango zopondera m'nkhokwe kuchokera ku Southern Bug kupita ku Seversky Donets, kuphatikizanso kudera la Crimea. Amaganiziridwa kuti posakanikirana pa Chipu ndi Dniester nyamayi idasowa kwathunthu.

Mbewa yakum'mwera sapitirira 65-70 mm kutalika, pomwe kutalika kwa mchira mkati mwake ndi 100-120% kutalika kwa thupi. Kutengera ndi momwe moyo umakhalira, zaka komanso umunthu, mtundu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi yopepuka ndikufalikira mpaka imvi yakuda ndi buffy hue. Mimba imakhala yoyera.

Makoswe a Steppe amakhala moyo wachizungu, koma nthawi zina amakhala otakataka masana. Mukugwa, atapeza mafuta okwanira, nyama izi zimabisala, zomwe zimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amuna amadzuka mu Epulo masiku 10 mpaka kale kuposa akazi.

Makoswe a Steppe amayenda kwambiri akuthamanga, kukwera mosamala nthambi ndi ziminde, pomwe mchira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ukhale bwino. Amadyera makamaka tizilombo, kuphatikizapo ma invertebrates, omwe samakonda zakudya zam'mera (mizu, mababu, mbewu).

Masiku ano mtunduwu umadziwika kuti uli pangozi, chifukwa chachikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa malo osungirako anamwali, kulima, kuphulika kwa mvula nthawi yachilimwe komanso chilimwe m'malo a msipu, kudyetsa ng'ombe kwambiri.

Hedgehog

Hedgehog ya eyred imasiyana ndi hedgehog wamba kukula kwakukulu kwa auricle, komwe adalandira dzina lolingana. Kutalika kwa makutu ake kumafikira masentimita 5, kutalika kwa singano sikupitirira masentimita 3. Chipolopolo cha singano ndiching'ono kuposa cha hedgehog wamba, kotero kuti zigawo zam'mbali zimaphimbidwanso ndi ubweya wofewa. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayi ndi 12-27 masentimita, unyinji wamphongo ndi magalamu 430, zazikazi ndi magalamu 200 mpaka 500, omwe ali pafupifupi 3 kuchulukitsa kuposa hedgehog wamba.

Ma hedgehogs amtundu wautali amadyetsa tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo tating'ono, kachilomboka (kafadala, kafadala wakuda, othamanga, mpanda, zina), mbozi, akangaude, nyerere, mazira a mbalame ndi chakudya chomera (mbewu, mphukira, maluwa, zipatso zamasamba, zipatso, masamba ndi moss). Zakudya zimatengera nyengo. Pofunafuna chakudya amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali mpaka 10 km, amatha kupirira mpaka milungu 10 popanda chakudya ndi chakumwa. Amakhala moyo wachisangalalo, ndipo nthawi yozizira amagwera m'chubu.

Pothawirako, ma hedgehogs amakumba tating'onoting'ono totalika pafupifupi masentimita 45 ndi kutuluka kumodzi, kapena gwiritsani ntchito maboti opanda kanthu. Nthawi zambiri, monga malo okhalamo, amagwiritsa ntchito masheya osiyanasiyana pakati pa miyala. Amathamanga mwachangu kwambiri kuposa ma hedgehogs wamba, ndipo mongodzigudumpha pampira, nthawi zambiri amangowerama mitu, mgwede ndi beru, kuyesera kuti apange jakisoni ndi singano zawo, ndipo posakhalitsa atha kuthawa. Adani akuluakulu a mikango yojambulira ndi zimbalangondo, mimbulu, agalu osokera, agalu, nkhandwe, chiwombankhanga, buluzi wa mphungu ndi kites.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu iyi ku Ukraine sichidutsa anthu angapo. Kwazaka 20 zapitazi, mlandu umodzi wokha wolumikizana ndi munthu ndi hedgehog uyu ndiwodziwika: zaka zingapo zapitazo adawonedwa pafupi ndi Lugansk.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero ndikuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha steppe, kubzala kwa steppe ndi ma monocultures a pine, ndikugawa kwa hedgehog yoyera-yoyera. Nyamayi idasungidwa kumalo osungirako a Lugansk ndi Ukraine steppe, koma sizinathandize kuteteza anthu amtunduwu. Kubwezeretsa nambala yam'mbuyomu ya hedgehogs ndikotheka kokha ngati kubereka mu ukapolo.

Ermine

Mtoto ndi nyama yocheperako komanso yothamanga yokhala ndi ubweya wokongola womwe umasanduka chikasu pachilimwe komanso loyera nthawi yachisanu. Ermines adayamba kuzunzidwa ndi mafashoni - amapangabe zovala za ubweya kuchokera ku ubweya wawo wowonda komanso wofewa.

Ku Ukraine, nyama zokongola izi zili pansi pa chitetezo cha boma, zimaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book of Ukraine, ndipo kuzisaka ndizoletsedwa ngakhale pazakafukufuku.

Ermines ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi wowonda thupi. Nyama ndizofanana kwambiri ndi chikondi, koma zokulirapo: kulemera kwa zazimuna si zoposa magalamu 250, kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 32, zazikazi ndizochepa kwambiri. Thupi limakhala lokwera kwambiri, loonda, pafupifupi makulidwe ofanana, khosi lalitali kwambiri. Mutu wokhala ndi chisonyezero chowongoka ndi chokulirapo pang'ono kuposa khosi, ndipo makutu aafupi okhala ndi mbali zambiri. Mawamba ndi afupikitsa, pakati pa zala pali kakulidwe kosambira koyambira bwino. Mchira, mosiyana ndi mchira wa weasel, ndiwotalikirapo, osachepera gawo limodzi mwa kutalika kwa thupi, koma, mutapatsidwa tsitsi, umakhala wocheperako ndi ngayaye yayifupi kwambiri kumapeto. Ubweya wozizira umakhala wolimba, wokuyimira komanso wowonda. Mapazi pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda.

Ma Ermines samasaka osati pamtunda pokha, komanso ndimaulendo amakulu akulu, ndipo atawononga ambuye enieni, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizere yawo. Zinyalala mu chisa zimayikidwa kunja kwa moss ndi ubweya. Dera lokasaka la munthu m'modzi ndi mahekitala 20 - 25, ndipo posaka chakudya mdani amathamangira ku 9 km. tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kukwera, kusambira ndi kudumpha. Nyama izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Amasambira mokongola komanso mosasamala kukwera mitengo. Mu chipale chofewa iwo amasunthira ngakhale kudumphadumpha, ndipo nthawi zina amasunthira ngakhale mu kukula kwa chivundikilo.

Mtsinje watunda

Mtambo wa otter ndi mtundu wa nyama zoyamwitsa za banja lanyumba, kumakhala moyo wam'madzi, umodzi mwa mitundu itatu yamtundu wa otter. M'mabuku, mawu akuti "otter" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mitundu iyi.

Nyama yotchedwa otter ndi chirombo chachikulu chokhala ndi thupi lotha kusinthasintha. Kutalika kwa thupi - 55-95 masentimita, mchira - 26-55 masentimita, kulemera - 6-10 makilogalamu. Matenda afupiafupi, okhala ndi malo osambira. Mchira wake ndi wopanda minyewa, osati fluffy.

Mtundu wa Fur: bulawuni wakuda pamtunda, wopepuka pansi, siliva. Tsitsi lotsalira limakhala lozungulira, koma pansi pa nthaka ndiwowonda kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwa chovala kumatha kufikira 51,000 pa 1 cm 2. Kuchuluka kwamkati mwa undercoat kumapangitsa ubweya kuti ukhale wopanda madzi ndipo umalimbitsa thupi la nyamayo, kuutchinjiriza ku hypothermia. Kapangidwe ka thupi la otter ndi koyenera kusambira pansi pamadzi: mutu wathyathyathya, miyendo yayifupi, mchira wautali.

Imakhala makamaka m'mitsinje ya m'nkhalango yokhala ndi nsomba zambiri, nthawi zambiri mumnyanja ndi m'madziwe. Zimachitika pagombe. Imakonda mitsinje yopanda phokoso, yokhala ndi zigwa zopanda chisanu nthawi yozizira, madzi osambitsidwa, okhala ndi mabanki amphepo zamphepo, komwe kumakhala malo achitetezo komanso malo odalirika. Nthawi zina imakonza malo ake m'mapanga kapena, ngati chisa, m'matayala pafupi ndi madzi. Makomo ake a dzenje amatseguka pansi pamadzi.

Malo osaka a otter m'modzi chilimwe amapanga gawo la mtsinjewo kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 18 km kutalika ndi pafupifupi 100 mita kulowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchepa kwa nsomba ndi kuzimiririka ndi chowawa, zimakakamizidwa kuyendayenda, nthawi zina kudutsa molunjika kudutsa mitsinje yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, ovuta amatuluka pamalo otsetsereka, ndikugwera pamimba pake, kusiya mawonekedwe omwe ali ngati m'matumbo. Pa ayezi ndi chipale chofewa chimayenda tsiku lililonse mpaka 1520 km.

Nyakwawa imadyedwa makamaka ndi nsomba (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies), ndi zina, ndimakonda kudya mitsinje yam'madzi ndi mphutsi za caddis. M'chilimwe, kuphatikiza nsomba, chimagwira ma bulu amadzi ndi makoswe ena, achule ndi abuluzi, ndipo m'malo ena mumakonda kusaka nyama ndi abakha.

Bottlenose dolphin

Bottlenose dolphin, kapena dolphin wamkulu - mtundu wa ma dolphin, amodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya dolphin limodzi ndi dolphin waku India ndi botolo la ku Australia.

Bottlenose dolphin kutalika ndi 2.33 m, kawirikawiri mpaka mamita 3.6. Kunenepa, monga lamulo, ndi makilogalamu 150-300. Amuna ndi akulu masentimita 10 mpaka 20 kuposa akazi. "Mlomo" wopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri umakhala wopanda tanthauzo kuchokera pilo. Chigoba chimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 58. M'kamwa mwake ndi lathyathyathya, popanda zopindika. Mapeto a dorsal ndi okwera, okhala ndi maziko ambiri, ndipo mwezi wozungulira utapangidwa kumbuyo. Zipsepse zamaso ndizotakata m'munsi, zakuthwa mpaka kumapeto, zimafalikira mbali yina, ndikuwolokera mbali yotsalira ya kumbuyo. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wakuda pamtunda, wowoneka bwino pansipa (imvi mpaka yoyera), mawonekedwe mbali ya thupi sagwirizana, nthawi zambiri samatchulidwa konse. M'madimba a dolphose okhala mu Nyanja Yakuda, magulu awiri azithunzi ndi omwe amadziwika. Mtundu A umadziwika ndi malire kapena omveka pang'ono pakati pa mtundu wakuda kumbuyo ndi mtundu woyera wam'mimba komanso kuti m'munda wamdima wamkati mwa thupi pali gawo lowala ndi mawonekedwe ake oyang'anizana ndi dorsal fin. Mtundu B, wotambalala kumtunda ulibe malire komanso ndi m'munsi, umaimiridwa ndi chingwe cholunjika, chakumaso kapena mzere wosweka womwe ulibe mawonekedwe owonekera bwino kumapeto kwa dorsal.

Mano ndi olimba, onyezimira, 6mm mamilimita, awiri 19-27 kumtunda ndi awiriawiri ochepa pansi. Zimapezeka kotero kuti pali mwayi waulere pakati pawo. Atatsekedwa, mano a mzere wapamwamba amagwera pakati pazikhala pakati pa mano a mzere wapansi. Akuluakulu, nduwira zimatha ndipo ndimakhala "wopanda pake". Nsagwada yapansi ndiyitali pang'ono kuposa kumtunda.

Ma dolphin alibe tiziwalo thukuta, ndipo mafutawo amakhala ngati mafuta obwera oteteza thupi. Chifukwa chake, kusinthana ndi kutentha kumachitika ndi zipsepse - pectoral, dorsal ndi caudal. Ma dolphin omwe amaponyedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa chotentha kwambiri, zipsepse zomwe zimasefukira popanda madzi zimatha kugwira ntchito mpaka kalekale, chifukwa chake, ponyamula ma dolphin, amazipaka mwapadera komanso kuzirala.

Barn owl

Barn Owl - mbalame ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ikufika masentimita 40 mulifupi, mapiko ake ndi ochepera pang'ono mita. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo ndi 200 - 700 magalamu, makamaka 500 g.

Utoto wa kadzidzi ndi wofiyira-koyera, wokhala ndi madontho komanso mikwaso yakuda kwambiri. Zowonjezera za mbalameyi ndizosauka kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kukhala kumpoto koma kozizira. Chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimasiyanitsa kadzidzi pakati pa mbalame zina ndikuti zikuwoneka kuti zimayika "chigoba" choyera kumaso kwake. Mawu akuti "chigoba" ichi ndiwakuti ambiri ofufuza adatcha khungubwi "kadzidzi wokhala ndi nkhope ya nyani '.

Amakhala ndi moyo wapayekha, wogwira ntchito usiku. Monga zikho zonse, khwawa wamba limadya. Pazakudya zake zimapangidwa ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono - mbewa, ma voles, makoswe, majeremusi, etc. Kudera linalake mitundu ya nyama zodziwika bwino. Ngati ndi kotheka, khola ladzidzi limagwira achule, mileme, abuluzi ndi ma invertebrates.

Masomphenya a mbalameyi alinso olimba, chifukwa choti amawona bwino. Khola lankhondo limagwira nyama yake pa ntchentche ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa ndikupita nalo kwina kumalo osavuta komwe mungadyeko bwino.

Malo a "chisa cha banja" nthawi zambiri amafunidwa ndi amphongo. Nthawi zambiri ichi ndi chitsa, chitsa chowola kapena mbalame zakale za chisa. Kupeza imodzi, iye amayitana mkaziyo mokweza. Pambuyo pakupanga banja, amadziikira mazira 4-6, ndikuwakhwimitsa pang'ono kupitirira mwezi. Nthawi yonseyi yamphongo imabweretsa chakudya.

Mphaka wamtchire

Kummwera komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ukraine, mphaka wamtchire ndi wosowa kwambiri. Mawonekedwe ake ndi zikhalidwe zimafanana ndi chiweto, chomwe chimasiyana ndi chakuti mphaka wamtchire ndi wamkulu. Wamphongo amafika 90 cm, ndipo wamkazi amakhala 70 cm. Mchirawu umasiyananso ndi mchira wa mphaka wapakhomo. Imakhala yocheperako komanso yofupikitsa. Makutu owonekera bwino, ngati kuli kotheka, amasinthasintha mwachangu, ndikumagwira mawu osamveka. Nyamayi ndizovuta kupulumuka chisanu chisanu chifukwa cha kulephera kupeza nyama.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira imatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Mphaka uyu amatha kusambira ngati kuli kofunikira, koma samakonda madzi. Nyama siopa munthu, imalola kukhala pafupi, koma zimavuta kuigwira. Chakudya chachikulu cha mphaka wamtchire, komanso chanyumba, ndimakolo ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Koma mosiyana ndi chiweto, nyama zodyerazi zimatha kulimbana ndi ana agwape, komanso nyama zazikulu ndi mbalame.

Korsak

Fox corsac ndi nyama zoyamwitsa za banja la canine, mtundu wa nkhandwe. Khungu lake la dzinja ndilofunika kwambiri pa malonda a ubweya. Kuchulukana kwa nkhandwe kumachita nawo ntchito yochotsa makoswe, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pagulu.

Kukula kwake, nyama yolusa imeneyi ndi yaying'ono. 45-65 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa thupi lake. Nkhandwe imakhala ndi mchira wautali, kuyambira 20 mpaka 35 cm.C kulemera kwa chinyama chachikulu ndi pafupifupi 3.5-7 kg. Kutalika kwa masamba kufota kumafika mpaka masentimita 30. Kapangidwe kamakutu kamakhala kokhazikika. Chizindikiro ndichofupikitsa, chokhala ndi mano ang'ono. Nkhandwe imakhala ndi imvi. Pali ubweya wopepuka pakhosi, pachifuwa, m'mimba. Mtundu wakuda kumapeto kwa mchira. Ubweya umasinthika.

Chakudya chachikulu cha Korsak ndi makoswe (kudya ma voles, mbewa, hamsters, agologolo pansi, jerboas). Zimatha kusaka mbalame, kuwononga zisa zawo ndi kudya mazira. Nkhandwe yanjala imatha kudya pang'onopang'ono. Ngati zakudya za nyama sizikwanira, ndiye kuti zimadya zamasamba (masamba ndi zipatso, zitsamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana). Izi zimathandizira kukhala ndi vitamini wabwino mthupi. Ankhandwe amakhala pafupi ndi anthu, m'maderamo, amadya zinyalala m'malo amtunda, amaba nkhuku.

Steppe nkhandwe imakhala ndipo imadyetsa m'malo ovuta. Imalandira madzi osati ngati gwero lachindunji, koma kuchokera ku chakudya. Miyoyo m'maenje omwe adaponyedwa ndi akatumbu, marmoti, agologolo pansi ndi nkhandwe zina. Ankhandwe amatha kuphatikiza m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, ngati kuli chipale chofewa, amatumizidwa kuti asamukire kumakilomita mazana kumwera. Nthawi yosaka ndimadzulo kapena usiku.

Ankhandwe a steppe amakhala awiriawiri moyo wawo wonse. Kulimbana kwakukulu pakati pawo kwa akazi ndi mkangano waukulu wopanga awiriawiri.Nthawi yakukhwima ndiy pakati pa Januware ndi Marichi. M'badwo wachisangalalo ndi miyezi iwiri. Ana obadwa m'mabowo. Chiwerengero cha akhanda kuyambira pa 2 mpaka 6. Pobadwa, nkhandwe zimakhala khungu ndipo zidakutidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira wowoneka bwino. Maso amayamba kutseguka pakatha milungu iwiri. Amadyetsa mkaka pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, koma pakatha milungu isanu amapatsa nyama zakudya zamwana wakhanda. Kuchera kubowola mpaka pa mwezi wachiwiri.

Hare

Khola kapena hare ndi chinyama chazanyama za mtundu wa Kalulu. Nyama wamba kumpoto kwa Eurasia. Khola lalikulupo: kutalika kwa ziweto za munthu wamkulu kumayambira 44 mpaka 65 masentimita, nthawi zina kufika masentimita 74, kulemera kwa thupi 1.6-,5,5 kg.

Ponseponse, kalulu amagawidwa mosasiyanasiyana, kukokera kumadera akumupatsa chakudya ndi chitetezo chodalirika. Chimakhala chokhazikika bwino nthawi ya chilimwe, pakakhala chakudya chambiri komanso chosavuta kuyendayenda; nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira imasamuka nthawi zina. Mu zaka zochuluka kwambiri, malo ake amakhala osiyanasiyana.

Pafupifupi kulikonse ndizofala m'zigwa za mitsinje ikuluikulu, pomwe sipangopezeka chakudya chokha, komanso kuthawa majeremusi, "kusambira" mumchenga wamtsinje. Mu tundra zone gravitates to shrubby tundra, wamba pagombe. M'nkhalangozi, sapezeka konse m'nkhalango zopitilira (makamaka taiga) zokhala ndi mayimidwe ambiri, chokongola kwambiri chifukwa ndi nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi madera, zigwa zamtsinje, komanso malo amoto wakale, malo owotera. Madera apakati a Russia, komwe malo okhala nkhalango zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala moyandikana ndi malo komanso malo olima, ndi abwino kwambiri ndi oyera. Pewani malo ambiri otseguka.

Kholalo ndi nyama yachilengedwe yopatsa thanzi komanso yopatsa thanzi. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, imadyera pazomera zobiriwira zamasamba, m'malo osiyanasiyana kusiyanasiyana ndi clover, dandelion, nandolo za mbewa, yarrow, goldenrod, bedstraw, sedge, ndi mbewu. Modzipereka amadya oats ndi clovers m'minda.

Mu nthawi yophukira, udzu ukamera, matendawa amayamba kudya nthambi zazing'ono zamtchire. Pomwe chophimba cha chipale chofewa chimakhazikitsidwa, zakudya zopanda mafuta zimayamba kufunika. M'nyengo yozizira, kalulu amadya mphukira ndi khungwa la mitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi kulikonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya msondodzi ndi aspen amaphatikizidwa muzakudya zake. Birch ndi larch samadyedwa ndi iwo mwakufuna kwawo, koma chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo amagwira ntchito ngati chakudya chofunikira, makamaka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa. Kummwera, khwangwala nthawi zambiri amadya mphukira zamitundu yotambalala - thundu, mapulo, hazel.

European mink

Pakuwoneka, mbewayo imafanana ndi buluzi, m'mimba yaying'ono komanso yolimba, koma mutu wake umakutidwa, thupi lake limakhala lambiri, makutu ake ndi ang'ono, pafupi kubisidwa ndi ubweya, tsitsilo limakhala louma komanso lalitali. Kutalika kwa nyama ndi 30-55 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 550-800, ndi kutalika kwa mchira kutalika kwa 12-20. Mapapu ndi afupiafupi okhala ndi zimimba zamkati, zomwe ndizofalikira pamiyendo yakumbuyo,

Kupezeka kwa minks ku Europe kumayenderana kwambiri ndi malo am'madzi, koma osafanana ndi otter. Kudera lakutchire, mtunduwu ndiwokhala anthu okhala m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono ogontha omwe amaphimba malo a nkhalango komanso malo otsika. Nyama zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yambiri, yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi magombe abwino, odzala ndi udzu ndi mitengo yokulirapo. Kumeneko amapeza chakudya chawo, komanso malo okhalamo odalirika. Mainki amalowa m'malo otsetsereka omwe ali m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yayikulu. Amakhala m'matangadza amtunda ndi madzi osefukira.

Nyama zokhala m'mimba zimakhazikika pafupi ndi madzi. Bowo lomwe nyama yaying'ono iyi "imabwereka" kuchokera kumakungwa amadzi kapena kutulutsa lokha ndi yosazama komanso yosavuta kupanga. Ili ndi malo awiri otuluka, chipinda chachikulu ndi chimbudzi. Imodzi mwanyumba yotuluka imatsogolera ku malo osungira, ndi enawo (malo osungirako) - kulowa mumtunda wamphepete mwa nyanja. Nyama zimakonda kusuntha koyamba pafupipafupi. Chipinda chocheperacho chimakhala ndi masamba oma, udzu, nthenga za mbalame ndi mbewa.

Pafupifupi anthu 200-300 a European mink amakhala ku Ukraine. Kudera la Zhytomyr, kuchuluka kwa mitundu pazaka 50 zapitazi kwatsika kanayi. Ngati mu 1987 60 minks adakhala m'munsi mwa Dniester, ndiye pofika 2000 okha 10 adatsala.

Zifukwa zakuchera kwa anthu: Kusintha kwakanthawi konyowa m'nthawi yaulimi ndi kosangulutsa. Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ku Danube ndi Carpathian Biosphere Reservation, mu Lower Dniester National Natural Park komanso mu Kanev State Nature Reserve.

Zomvera m'makutu

Makutu amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wammitundu yokhala ndimakutu akuluakulu. Ku Ukraine, nyama zosowa izi zimatetezedwa m'malo osungirako Carpathian, Rastochya, Podolia ndi Crimea.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndizofanana ndi mtundu: makutu ndi akulu (oposa 30 mm), amawonjezeka m'munsi, ubweya wamsana umakhala wonyezimira. Zizindikiro zamtundu: ma tubercles ang'onoting'ono pamwamba pa maso (ochepa kuposa maso), malekezero a mphuno kumbuyo kwa mphuno samatupa, chala cham'mapiko chaulere ndichoperewera (5-5.7 mm), nsonga zamayendedwe zimakhala zakuda, mimba ndi yopepuka, mbolo ndi cholumikizira-ndimba, kutsogolo ndi 38-43 mm.

Ngati tsiku lina mukaona gulu la anthu akulu likuwuluka, musawope, chifukwa nyamayi ndiyopanda mantha ndipo imayenera kusamalidwa.

Mtundu umodzi wa biotopu ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso mapanga a Carpathians, Podolia, ndi Crimea. Timakonda kulumikizana, timitanda ta nyumba zoyikika za anthu, mapaki ndi minda. Kuperekera. Imakhala m'mabowo a mitengo ndi ming'alu m'miyala; m'malo ozizira kwambiri nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mapanga ndi m'makola. Ndegeyo imatha kuuluka, imayendetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, makamaka kumapeto, m'malire, m'minda. Imakhala ndimikhalidwe yodzipatula kwambiri; nthawi yotentha, akazi amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a ana. Imafika zaka ziwiri zakutha. Zipatso kamodzi pachaka 1 mwana. Widd-pawiri wa ushana wachilendo.

Dokowe wakuda

Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wotsogolera komanso banja ku Belarus, wotsika pang'ono kukula kwa dokowe woyera. Chachikulu (mpaka 100cm kutalika, kulemera mpaka 3 kg) mbalame yokhala ndi khosi lalitali ndi miyendo. Pothawa, khosi limakulitsidwa. Mtundu wa mankhwalawo ndi wakuda ndi sheen wachitsulo; yoyera imangokhala m'mimba ndi mchira wokha. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndizofiyira, maolivi ndi achichepere.

Mtundu wong'ambika umafalikira ku Eurasia, kum'mwera kwa Africa. Ku Belarus, zisa za wakuda zakuda m'dera lonselo kupatula madera opanda chuma komanso otukuka kwambiri. Malo achisanu amakhala ku Africa.

Amakonda madera otetezeka - nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango za mitengo ya oak, komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'nkhalango zakale zamakedzana. Posachedwa, pakhala pali ziwopsezo zambiri zakudya malo okhala pafupi ndi anthu (mpaka 500m kuchokera kumudzi), m'mphepete mwa malo ogulapo mitengo, misewu, komanso milandu yazomeramo minda, malo osungirako zinthu zakale (madamu a nsomba, malo osungirako), omwe amasinthidwa pambuyo poti ngalande zitha kugwira ntchito, pomwe magulu a anthu angapo amapezeka.

Nesting mitundu yosamukira komanso yoyenda. Kufika kumapeto kwa Marichi - Epulo. Amamanga zisa m'makona amitengo yakale kutalika kwa 3.5 mpaka 26 m) Kusiyanitsa kofunikira kunawululidwa ponena za kusankha kwa mitundu ya mitengo yopanga nesting pakati pa chigawo chakumpoto (m'chigawo cha Vitebsk. Pine imagwira) ndi kumwera (oak kufala) kwa Belarus, komwe mwina chifukwa chosiyana pakupezeka kwa nkhalango m'maderawa. Milandu yotsekera pa hayala, pansi, pansi paming'oma yomwe ili pamitengo akufotokozedwa. Komanso imapanga nsanja zapadera. Chisa cha nthambi, thireyi yokhala ndi udzu wouma, zidutswa zamafuta, nthawi zina Moss wophatikizidwa ndi masamba ndi ubweya. Chidacho chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, nthawi zina, nthawi zonse, kumamalizidwa ndipo chimatha kukula.

Zowopsa zazikuluzikulu: kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwononga zisa nthawi yomata, kusokonezeka kwa nthawi ya chisa, kupha mbalame.Milandu yakugwa kwakanthawi kwam'deralo chifukwa cha kukoka kwa madzi, kapena, mapangidwe amadzi am'deralo amadziwika.

Big jerboa

Mbira yayikulu, kapena ndulu ya dothi, ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri pabanja lankhondo. Ali ndi thupi laling'ono, lalitali 20-25 masentimita ndi mchira wokulirapo ndi wina ndi theka. Jerboa imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mphuno yayitali ndi mphuno yaying'ono yolowa ngati nkhumba. Kulemera kwa "chimphona" ichi sichimaposa 300 g.

Mtundu wovala jerboa wamkulu umasiyana kuchokera ku brownish-buffy kupita kumchenga wotumbululuka, muzzle ndiyopepuka, ndipo tummy yonse ndi yoyera. Mchira wa nyamayo ndi wakuda ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe a nthenga, ndipo nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yoyera.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti kutalikirana kwa jerboa wamkulu, kumakhala makutu ake ndikuwonjezera ubweya.

Pa gawo la Ukraine, nyamayo imapezeka ku Poltava, Sumy, Cherkasy ndi madera ena opondera. Jerboa amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka, madambo, magombe owuma a matupi amadzi. Nyama imangokhala yokhayokha, ndipo imakhala yolumikizana ndi abale nthawi yakukhwima, kuukapolo imawakwiya. Imasaka usiku.

Pofuna kuti usakhale nyama yolusa, jerboa imawonetsa zozizwitsa zamtopola:

• imakweza liwiro mpaka 40-50 km / h pasanathe mphindi 1,
• kudumpha kutalika kwa mtunda wa 80-125 cm,
• imayenda mosadukiza, ikukankha mosinthana ndi phazi limodzi kapena phazi, osapanga mbali zakuthwa ndi kutembenuka, osalala, machitidwe osakhudza pansi.

Jerboa wamkulu amadya pazomera zonse ziwiri (mbewu, mababu, amadyera, mizu) ndi chakudya cha nyama (tizilombo, ma invertebrates ena). Amasintha zakudya zanu mosavuta kutengera nyengo ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Nyama nthawi zambiri "imadyera" m'minda yokhala ndi tirigu ndi mavwende, kusankha mbewu ndi mbewu, koma zowonongeka sizofunika.

Jerboa yayikulu ndi mtundu wachilendo womwe uli pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Masiku ano, pali nyama masauzande angapo, gawo lalikulu limakhala pachilumba cha Crimea komanso kumalo osungira anthu a Black Sea. Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zakuchepa kwa ziwerengerozi ndizodzipatula kwayokha pamadera omwe amakhala. Kuphatikiza apo, ma jerboas nawonso amavutika ndi adani achilengedwe - zandalama ndi kadzidzi.

Nsomba zamkuwa

Nsomba zamkuwaKukhala wa banja la Awo kale, ndi amtundu wa mkuwa wamkuwa. Njoka yomwe imakhala ku Europe yalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine. Itha kupezeka ku Asia, Caucasus, ndi Northern Iran. Njokayo imakhala kumadzulo kwa Western Kazakhstan ndi gawo la ku Europe la Russia, ndilo gawo, kuyambira kumpoto mpaka kummawa mpaka Nyanja ya Onega mpaka ku Siberia Yakumadzulo.

Munthu wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu amakhala ndi kukula kwaku thupi, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 75. Mutu wosalala wa mkuwa wamba umasakanikirana ndi khosi mwamphamvu, ndipo mchirawo umakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu aliwonse kutalika kwa thupi. Miyezo ya njoka ndiyabwino komanso yosalala. Pamutu pali mzere wakuda, thupi lakumwambalo ndi labulawuni. Mimba yapakati ya njokayo imakongoletsedwa ndi chingwe cha imvi, ndipo pansi pake mchira wake umakhala wowala.

Utoto wachikazi umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwodetsedwa kwa ubweya wofiirira, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi utoto wofiiratu. Kupyola m'mphuno ya utoto wofiyira mpaka kumaso kwa njokayo kudutsa mzere wopindika wokhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Thupi la mkuwa wam'madzi m'mbali mwa utoto utapangidwa ndi madontho aang'ono, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumakhala zofiira, zofiirira, zapinki, imvi, zofiira njerwa kapena zakuda. Zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa dongosolo lachilendo, lomwe limakhala ndi mawanga ndi madontho aang'ono.

Mkuwa umatha kukwera mitengo. Njoka ikakhala pachiwopsezo, ndiye kuti imagwera m'madzi kapena kudutsa m'malo awa, makamaka ngati ili yonyowa. Njoka imatha kusambira bwino, imakhala yamphamvu kuzungulira nthawi, yotentha kutentha. Nsomba zamkuwa zimadzuka pamene mwezi wowonekera ukuwala kumwamba.

M'malo momwe nsomba zamkuwa zimakonda nkhalango. Njoka imakhala m'nkhalango zamtundu wa coniferous, osakanikirana kapena wophatikizika. Kugona kwa nyama yam'madzi yam'madzi yotereyi kumachitika m'makola, m'ngalande, m'ng'alu kapena m'matumba.Njoka sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'matanthwe, kumapeto kwa mtunda kapena m'matanthwe, sikukwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 2,5, koma imakhazikika m'magawo otsetsereka.

Buluzi wobiriwira

Buluzi wamkulu, wowonda kwambiri, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 15,5 cm ndi mchira wautali pafupifupi kawiri. Chikopa cholumikizira chimagwira mphuno kapena chimalekanitsidwa ndi mlatho wopapatiza. Zingwe zolepera 2-3. Chishango cha Mandibular 5awiri. Milozo ya thupi yokhala ndi nthiti zakufotokozedwa bwino, mzere 40-58. Pores ya akazi 11-21, iwo pafupifupi amafikira bondo. Buluzi wamkulu ndi wobiriwira pamwamba ndi madontho ambiri akuda kapena achikaso. Makosi a amuna ndi makosi awo ndi owoneka bwino amtambo wamtambo komanso wabuluu wakuda kapena lilac nthawi yachilimwe ndi yophukira. Akazi amakhala ndi zilonda zoyera kapena zamtambo. Achichepere pamwamba amakhala amtambo kapena otuwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima m'mbali mwa chokweracho. Mutu pamwamba ndi wobiriwira wakuda. Pansi pa amuna pali chikasu chowoneka bwino, chachikazi - choyera kapena chobiriwira, popanda mawanga.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamtunda wamtchire komanso pamtunda. Timatumba takuya, mpaka 1 m, mabowo, nthawi zina timakhala ndi kutuluka kambiri. Imathamanga kwambiri. Kuthawa kuthamangitsa, nthawi zina kumakwera zitsamba ndi mitengo ndikulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Yogwira ntchito kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Amadyanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, akangaude, mollusks, mphutsi ndi mphutsi. Zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso zimadyanso. Kuyika mazira 5 - 13 mpaka 1.5 - 1.8 cm kutalika kumachitika mu Meyi - Julayi. Achinyamata amawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kugwa koyambirira.

Gopher

Gophers ndi abale a agologolo. Pali mitundu 20 ya anyani. Nyamazi ndizofala ku Asia, Europe, North America.

Kutalika kwa thupi la akatswiri ndi 22-25 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira ndi 7-8 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 0,5 kg. Ubweya wawo ndi wolimba komanso wowonda, kumbuyo ndikutuwa kaso kofiyira, pamimba pamakhala zachikasu, ndipo kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi pachifuwa kuli koyera. Diso lamkati lammbuyo limakhala lamaso, khungu lamkati kumimba ndi laimvi. Phokoso ndi masharubu ndi zakuda.

Gophers amakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana, koma aliyense amakhala mgulu lomwelo. Malo okhala mabowowo ndi owumbika ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 30-35 masentimita ndipo amamangidwa ndi udzu wouma wofewa. Ili pamtunda wa mamita 1-1.5 pansi pamtunda ndipo ili ndi malo ena otuluka. Akazi amakumba okha mabowo akuya pang'ono kuposa amuna.

Gophers amatha nthawi yawo yambiri pamtunda. Izi ndi nyama zoyendera komanso zodala, zimakhala ndi abale awo, zimagwira ntchito masana. Nthawi zambiri akatswiri azitsamba amakumana miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti awone bwino gawo. Amanyamula chakudya m'mibulu yawo yanthambi ndikumadyako.

Pokhala ndi thanzi labwino, mafuta okwanira akaphatikizidwa, amuna amuna akuluakulu amapita kukabisala ngakhale zaka khumi zoyambirira za June, pomwe akazi akuluakulu amagona, ndipo achichepere amakhalanso chiphokoso kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Pakati pa Seputembala mpaka Okutobala, gopher amayamba kubisala, komwe nthawi zina kumapitilira kumapeto kwa Marichi. Patatha masiku 2-4 mutadzuka, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba. Mimba mwa akazi imatenga masiku 25-30. Ana awo ndi ambiri - mpaka 16-17 makanda.

Chikumbu cha mbawala

Chikumbu cha mbawala, adalembedwa kalekale mu Red Book ngati woimira nyama yaying'ono, yomwe imafunikira chitetezo chachikulu. Kuthanso kumeneku kumatchedwa "kachilomboka." Panalibe ambiri a iwo kale, koma tsopano ochulukira. Komanso, choopsa chachikulu cha nsikidzi sizikhala anthu ngakhale (posachedwa kafadala tsopano ndi njira yosangalatsa kwa ana kapena akulu), koma mbalame. Tizilombo ta mbedza timagwidwa ndi akhwangwala, abuluzi, mitengo yamatabwa, kadzidzi.

"Nyanga" zowopsa sizimathandizira kusaka tizilombo tina, koma "masewera olimbitsa" mwamtundu wawo. Nthawi yomweyo, kafadala omenyera nkhondo nthawi zonse amatsatira ulemu wina: amafunafuna duel yokhawo ndi otsutsa ofanana, kupewa ana osatayidwa. Koma anawo samapatsana ulemu.

Dueling nthawi zambiri pamakhala pamtengo. Wopambana ndi kachilomboka yemwe amakwanitsa kuthana ndi mdani ku khungwa ndikugugudutsa. Ndi kulimba kwambiri, kafadala amathanso kuthyola mutu wa mdani. Komabe, izi sizowopsa konse pamoyo wake: pansi pa mphumi pakanalibe ziwalo zofunika, ndiye kuti bowo limangokhala umboni wopewa nawo nkhondoyi.

Zachikazi ndizochepa kwambiri kukula kuposa amuna komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mwakuwona kwawo, mtundu wakofya wa chipolopolo wasinthidwa ndi mtundu wakuda. Alibe "nyanga", ndipo nsagwada zawo ndi zazifupi, zolimba, zakuthwa, ngati kafadala. Zowona, kuluma kwa nsagwada zoterezi kumatha kupweteketsa mtima kwambiri, koma akazi amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chogwira ntchito. Kupatula apo, samaikira mazira osasunthika, koma m'maenje ozama mwanjira imeneyi. Nthawi yomweyo, mitengo yathanzi, monga lamulo, musavutike, chifukwa zazikazi zimakonda zokonda zakale.

Chiwombankhanga chagolide

Mitunduyi imakhala komanso yogawa ku Ukraine: S. America, Eurasia. Ku Ukraine, imangokhala m'malo okwera a Carpathians (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, zigawo za Transcarpathian). Pa kusamuka ndi kuzizira kumachitika kulikonse.

Mbalame yayikulu komanso yamphamvu yotalika masentimita 76 mpaka 93, mapiko a masentimita 180-240. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, kulemera kwawo kumayambira 3,8 mpaka 6.7 kg, mwaimuna ndi 2.8-4 , 6 kg. Mlomo ndi wofanana ndi chiwombankhanga: chokwera, chosyankhidwa kuchokera kumbali, pansi, ngati mbedza. Nthenga m'khosi ndizitali. Mapikowo ndiotalika, kutalika kwake, akumata m'munsi kuti akathawira kumbali yakumbuyo kwa mapiko awo monga chilembo cha Chilatini S.. Khalidwe limadziwika kwambiri mu mbalame zazing'ono. Mchira wake ndi wozungulira, wautali.

Zambiri za mbalame zachikulire, zazimuna ndi zazikazi, kuyambira zofiirira mpaka zofiirira zakuda ndi nthenga za golide wagoli m'khosi ndi m'khosi. Anapiye obadwa kumene amaphimbidwa ndi zoyera komanso imvi.

Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimasaka masewera osiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu ndi nthawi ya chaka. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizira pansi, gologolo wa pansi, hare, thovu, skunk, ufulu, agologolo, hedgehogs. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mbalame (nkhunda, capercaillie, grouse wakuda, phala, zinziri, abakha, heron, atsekwe owetedwa, kadzidzi, akambuku). Golden Eagles, omwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa mitunduyi, amadya njoka, achule ndi zina zapamadzi ndi ma amphibians.

Pofunafuna nyama tsiku lowala bwino, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimatha kuwuluka m'mwamba kwa nthawi yayitali, osagwira ntchito. Njira yachiwiri yosakira ndikuwoneka pang'ono. Patsiku logwa mvula, ziwombankhanga zagolide zimawombera kuchokera komwe zimabisalira ndipo zimatha kuyang'ana nyama kuchokera pamtengo kapena kumalo abata kwanthawi yayitali. Pambuyo poona nyama yake, chiwombankhanga chagolide chagona pambuyo pake, pomwe mbalameyo imayamba kuthamanga 240 mpaka 320 km / h.

Kwa moyo, chiwombankhanga chagolide chimasankha malo otseguka komanso otseguka omwe anthu samakonda kupitako, awa ndi tundra, nkhalango-tundra, nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zosakanikirana, ndi steppe. Kuti apange chisa ndikupuma, mbalameyi imasankha molowera mizere yamiyala kapena mitengo yayitali.

Steppe viper

Mitundu imakhala ndikugawidwa kwake ku Ukraine: Kuchokera ku Ukraine kupita kumadzulo. kupita ku Altai (Russia) chakum'mawa. komanso ku Azerbaijan ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China kumwera. mkati mwa stepp, theka -chipululu ndi gawo lofunikira la nkhalango-steppe. Ku Ukraine, imakhala ku Yu. gawo la Forest-Steppe ndi Steppe, komanso. kutalika kwa mapiri a Crimea mpaka kukwera 1100 m. at. m

Thupi la njoka limafika masentimita 55-57, kutalika kwa mchira ndi 8-10 8-10 M'madera ena a dera la Volga, zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mpaka 61 cm zimadza.

Mutu wotsogola, kumtunda kumakhala mapangidwe oumbika mosiyanasiyana, kupendekera kumawonedwa m'mbali mwa phokoso. Mitundu imayambira kuchokera kwa bulauni mpaka imvi. Poyatsa kumbuyo kuli Mzere wazida.

Njoka zimakhala m'magulu, nthawi zina mpaka anthu 160 pa sq. M akhoza kuwerengeredwa pakatikati pa chiphukacho. km Malo achilengedwe omwe mapiriwo amapezekapo amaphatikizapo mapiri, nkhalango zopondera, mapiri ndi mapiri. Itha kupezeka paliponse komanso pamalo okwera kumapiri (mpaka 2700 m pamwamba pa nyanja). Nthawi zambiri, njoka zamtunduwu zimakhala m'malo otsetsereka, m'mphepete mwa malo osungira, ma meadows, ndi malo osambira mchere.

Njoka izi zimabisala nthawi iliyonse yozizira.Kuti achite izi, amayang'ana ma sapoti, makoko aminki, zokutira pansi, mabowo pamalo otsetsereka. Kuyenda mpaka mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, njoka imayamba kufunafuna bwenzi. Izi zimachitika makamaka ndi amuna.

Pakadali pano, amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo amatha kuukira munthu. Kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti pamiyala mumakonda kuwona akazi oyembekezera atagona padzuwa. Atakumana ndi munthu, sadzaukira, koma ayesa kubisala msipu msanga.

Izi zokwawa amakonda zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Njoka zimadyera: dzombe, ziwala, ndere, akangaude, agologolo pansi, hamsters, zimbalangondo, anapiye, mazira mbalame, achule, abuluzi.

Steppe polecat

Mitundu yamitundu ndi magawidwe ake ku Ukraine: Central Asia, Siberia, Far East ndi South-East Europe Kugawidwa ku Ukraine konse, koma osowa m'malo ambiri.

Khola lodyera pabwalo ndi nyama yolusa yochokera kubanja la marten, lomwe limakhala lolemetsa komanso lopanda mphamvu. Iye ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi mitengo yakuda yamtchire, wowonda panyumba, ndipo ali ndi ufulu kuwoloka nawo.

Steppe ferrets ndi oyimira wamkulu amtundu wawo. Kutalika kwa matupi awo kumafika masentimita 52-56, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 18. Kuchulukitsa kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu awiri, akazi - 1,2-1,5 kg. Miyendo imafupikitsidwa, yosagwirizana ndi thupi. Tsitsi la steppe polecat limakhala ndi tsitsi lakunja ndi malaya akunja. Tsitsi latsalalo ndi lalitali koma loonda. Kupyola ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, opepuka. Nthawi zingapo, ubweya wokhazikika udawonedwa kuti ndi wamtengo wapatali, umasakidwa kwambiri. Tsopano usodzi watsika, ngakhale nyama nthawi zambiri zimalimidwa pamafamu a ubweya.

Mbawala yotchedwa strepretret, mosiyana ndi nkhalango ina, imakonda malo otseguka. Amakhala kumapiri, m'malo opezekako ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, malo okhala komanso m'mbali mwa nkhalango. Pewani nkhalango zowirira ndi malo okhazikika. Ku nyumba zanyumba ndizosowa kwambiri. Imakhala m'mapiri, ndi m'malo okwera komanso kumapiri. Malo omwe amakhala ndi omwe amafika mpaka kumapiri a mapiri (kumtunda kwa 3000 m pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja).

Khola lanyanja limakhala m'makola, koma nthawi zambiri samakumba, limagwiritsa ntchito nyumba za anzeru, ma badger ndi nyama zina. Itha kukulitsa khomo lopapatiza, koma imasiya kamera yayikulu. Iyo siimakwera mitengo, koma imayandama bwino m'madzi.

Njoka imafanizidwa

Mitundu yamitundu ndi kugawa kwake ku Ukraine: Imodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri za Palearctic. Mtundu umachokera kummawa. Ukraine kudzera Yu. zigawo za USSR wakale ku Far East ndi Korea. Ku Ukraine, zimachitika pang'onopang'ono kummawa kokha. steppe zone (zopeza zodziwika zimadziwika kuchokera ku Donetsk ndi Lugansk zigawo).

Njoka yoyesedwa imafika kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Mbali ina yamtunduwu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali anthu a monochromatic (osungunuka) omwe m'mbuyomu adadziwika m'magulu osiyana. Koma chifukwa chofufuza, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndikungosintha kwa mitundu ya anthu mkati mwa malire amtundu umodzi.

Mwachilengedwe mawonekedwe apulasitiki. Mapiri a strpes, okhathamira komanso ochititsa chidwi, malo obiriwira, mapiri mpaka kumapiri a mapiri a subpp ndi subalpine, amakwera mpaka 3600 m kumtunda kwa nyanja, mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje, mapiri am'mphepete, madamu amchere, malo otetezeka a mchenga, miyala ndi dothi. ndi mbewu, kunja kwa matawuni ndi mizinda, m'mapaki ndi m'minda, m'minda ndi m'minda yamphesa. Kukwera mitengo ndi zitsamba bwino, koma umakonda njira yokhazikika pamtunda. Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. M'mawola otentha komanso usiku, ngati malo osungira, amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamiyala, m'maenje, mitengo yakugwa, milu yamiyala. Amasambira bwino, kuphatikiza ndi madzi am'nyanja.

Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula kwake komanso mtundu wa zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Mwa amuna, mchirawo ndi wautali wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akukhazikika m'munsi, umakhala cylindrical kuchokera ku anus, kenako umadutsa chopondera. Mwa akazi, mchirawo ndi waufupi, popanda kuthira pansi, kotayirira. Akazi amakhala ndi zotupa zambiri zam'mimba.

Dokowe wakuda

Chimawoneka mopambanitsa. Nthenga zakuda zimaphimba thupi ndi khosi, komanso nthenga zoyera pamimba. Pamutu pa mbalame pali "chipewa" chofiyira.Miyendo ilinso "m'masokisi" ofiira. Ku Ukraine konse kuli pafupifupi 400 zokongola zotere. Anthu ambiri amakhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo.

Anapiyeti akuda amapentedwa, okhulupilika kwa abwenzi mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku. Mbidzi zakuda zimawulukira zisa m'mabanja, osagwa pansi 20 mita pansi. Pafupi, kupezeka kwa nyanja kapena dambo ndikofunikira.

Mbawala zakuda - nyama zolembedwa mu Red Book of UkraineKunena zoona, munthawi yake. Mbalamezi zimawulukira ku Nezalezhnaya mu Epulo ndipo zimawulukira mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Chilimwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana. Mbalame zimabisala ku India ndi ku Africa.

M'chithunzichi pali chinzake chakuda

European mink

Anakhala wosauka chifukwa cholanda ubweya ndi kutulutsa kwa mink ku America kupita ku Europe. Izi zidatha kukhala zopulumuka, zamphamvu kwambiri. Maonekedwe aku Europe sakanakhoza kuyimitsa mpikisano. Kuwerengera komaliza kwa nyama zanyama ku Ukraine kunapereka chidziwitso kwa anthu 200 okha.

Kunja kwa dzikolo, mink ya ku Europe sinathenso "kuteteza malo ake", ikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa World Conservation Union. Kugulitsa malaya a mink awa, mwachidziwikire, sikunenedwe.

Kulemera kwa munthu m'modzi ku Europe sikuyenda kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira kuli pafupifupi masentimita 50. Kusinkhira sikumasiyana m'mitundu yozungulira. Chifukwa chake tilingalira za nyama zingati zomwe zidzafunikire kupanga chovala cha ubweya.

Ngati kutalika kwa bondo ndipo malonda ake ndi 46, zikopa 30 ndizofunikira. Mwakulankhula mophiphiritsa, zovala zaubweya za 6-7 zimayenda kudera la Ukraine. Popeza akuletsa kugwira mtundu wa ku Europe, tsopano asoka kuchokera zikopa za mink ku America.

European mink

Muskrat

Nyama yosavutikayi imakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Seim. Amayenda m'chigawo cha Sumy ku Ukraine. Palibe anthu opitilira 500. Mitunduyi imakhala kumapiri a kumapeto kwa Europe, ndipo imapezeka kunja kwake.

Kunja, nyamayo imawoneka ngati yosakaniza ndi mole ndi hedgehog, yolemera pafupifupi 0,5 kilogalamu. Nyama yomweyo inali mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo. Chifukwa cha mbiri yakale komanso kusintha kwakung'ono, momwe amakhalira, moyo wa desman umadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yazomera.

M'masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anthu akumwa kukupitirirabe, makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, osatetezedwa adathetsedwa chifukwa cha ubweya. Amamuona kuti ndi wofunika kuposa mtengo wokomera.

Cholinga chake ndi mawonekedwe apadera a tsitsi la desman. Amakhala ochepa m'munsi, koma kumtunda. Kunja, kumapangitsa ubweya kuti ukhale wonenepa, ngati kuti ndi velvet. Mitsempha yamkati imasunga kutentha. Kuzizira kumavala mkanjo.

Kuphatikiza pa zikopa za desman, adasakidwa chinsinsi cha zofunikira za minofu. M'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi 100 zoyambirira za m'ma 1900, mafuta amenewa anali okhawo omwe anali okonza mafuta onunkhira.

Wojambulidwa

Gologolo wamabala

Mpaka 2000s, Ukraine inali yodziwika bwino. Tsopano kuli magulu pagulu la Kharkiv. Kuthandizira kuminda ndi mankhwala kwasokoneza anthu. Zinakhudza kuchuluka kwa mitundu komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo ake.

Wokhala m'minda yomwe kuli malo olimapo, gologoloyo wadyera m'minda, amawakumbira. Kwakukulukulu, kuchokera pakuwonera alimi, makoswe ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, iwo sanasunge ma gopher. Zina mwa izo zidakhala gwero la ubweya wotsika mtengo. Iye ndi wamaanga. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu.

Kope laposachedwa la Red Book of Ukraine limanenanso za anthu pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi. Sanasiyanitsidwe monga mtundu wokhala pangozi, koma mitunduyo ili pangozi.

Gologolo wamabala

Mphaka wamtchire

Woberekera amphaka am'nyumba - mphaka wamtchire amakhalabe m'nkhalango zowuma. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayo kumachokera theka la mita ndi kupitirira, kukula kuli pafupifupi 35 cm, ndipo amalemera kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 kg. Mphaka wamtchire amaoneka wofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wamtundu wakuda wamtundu wakuda, ali ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe mikwingwirima yakuda imadziwika.

Chithunzi choyerekeza tchire

Shatsky eel

Amakhala mu Madzi a Shatsky. Pali 30 a iwo, onse omwe amapezeka m'chigawo cha Volyn. Zowonekera mu Nyanja ya Sargasso. Kuchokera apa mpaka ku Atlantic, mwachangu amathamangira ku mitsinje ya ku Europe, kukafika ku Lake Scyaz. M'malo ena otsalira a Shatsk network, eel ndiosowa.

Popeza Shatsky eel ndiye gwero lalikulu la ndalama za anthu akumaloko, kuwedza kumaloledwa, koma malire ake amakhazikitsidwa. Kupeza kwakachilendo komwe kumabwera kumalesitilanti. Ma Shatsky nsomba sushi mipiringidzo ndiyofunika kwambiri. Komanso, cholengedwa cha njoka chimalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine.

Dziwani kuti ma eel wamba adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zili pangozi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sushi ku Japan. Makhalidwe amakoma a nsomba ndi abwino kwambiri kwakuti matani 70,000-80,000 amagwidwa pachaka. Poyang'aniridwa, nyamazo zidatengedwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural mchaka cha 2008.

Shatsky eel ojambulidwa

Nthawi ina, adakhala kumadera a Lviv, Chernihiv, Volyn ndi Kiev Ukraine. Zinyama ziti za Buku Lofiyira? Kukula kwakukulu, pang'ono pang'ono, ndi ziboda zophatikizika, matupi amphamvu ndi makulidwe amtsitsi.

M'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, mutha kuwona malo osungira nyama okhaokha komanso malo oteteza nkhalango. Mwachidule, nyamazo zinazimiririka zakutchire ku Ukraine, koma zimakhalabe pansi pazomangamanga

Njati zokhudzana ndi njati. Izi ndizoweta kwambiri ku United States. Ku Europe, mutuwo ndi wa njati. Munthu m'modzi - 700-800 kilogalamu za misa.

Zowonera sizimalepheretsa kusewera kwa njati. Amalumphira zopinga za 1.5-2 mita kutalika. Nyama ndizokonzekera zinthu zotere, kuthawa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kwa osaka. Popeza nyamazo zimaphatikizidwanso, kugwidwa kwake chifukwa cha khungu ndi nyama kunali kuchitikabe ndi anthu akale.

Chithunzicho njati

Munda wapanja

Makoswe omwe ali pangozi amapezeka ku Cherkasy, Rivne ndi Kiev zigawo za Ukraine. Nyama imadzaza nkhalango zachilengedwe. Kuchepetsa kwawo kunapangitsa kutsika kwa mitundu. Kugwa kwaukhondo tsopano.

Mitambo yakufa, yowola ndi yopanda kanthu imayeretsedwa, ndikupanga malo oti mphukira zazing'ono. Anthu ogona m'munda akutaya nyumba nthawi yozizira. Mosiyana ndi makoswe ambiri, nyama za Red Book sizimakonda kukumba mabowo pansi.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe okongola, mchipinda chodyeramo nyama ndi adani. Zakudya za makoswewo mulinso zipatso, zipatso, ndi mbewu. Koma, cholowa chawo pachakudya sichidutsa 40%. Zina ndi tizilombo, nyongolotsi ndi ma invertebrates ena.

Sabata lopanda iwo imatsogolera Sonya mu stupor, Komanso, munjira yeniyeni. Nyama imasiya kusuntha, imayang'ana nthawi imodzi. Panthawi ngati izi, Sonya amakhala pachiwopsezo, koma alibe mphamvu zomenyera nkhondo.

Munda wapanja

Trout

Trout amalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine. Chifukwa chake, mdziko loti lisanathe, pafupifupi nsomba zonse. Trout ndi dzina lokhazikika la 19 awo subspecies. Ku Ukraine, madzi abwino amayamikiridwa. Oimira mitunduyi amakula mpaka theka la mita kutalika. Poyerekeza, anthu oyenda panyanja ndi okulirapo kawiri.

Ngakhale kuletsa kusodza, ma trout ku Ukraine akupitilabe kukolola. Chosiyana ndi usiku wopanda mwezi. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, trout imakana kusaka ndikusambira pamwamba pa matupi amadzi usiku, pomwe satellite ya Dziko lapansi imawoneka bwino.

Masana, komanso m'mafambo opanda nsomba mwezi, ndikupanga liwiro la makilomita 30 pa ola limodzi. Izi ndizokhudzana ndi madzi, mafunde. Zolembedwazi zili m'gulu la nsomba zamtsinje.

Nsomba za Trout

Chida chamaso achikasu

Amphibian amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosatetezeka, amakhala ku Carpathians komanso pafupi ndi mapiri. Pali achule osakwana 1,000. Misana yawo ndi yobiriwira, yokhala ndi maolivi. M'mimba mwa chala ndichachikasu, monga dzinalo limanenera.

Pamalo owala pali mawanga akuda. Mtundu wosiyanitsa umaonetsa kuwopsa kwa mitunduyo. Koma izi sizimayimitsa njoka, zonyansa ndi mimbulu. Chikhalalicho chimadyetsedwa ndi ma finya, ma dipterans, nsikidzi zing'onozing'ono.

Chingwe chokhala ndi chikasu chimameza mphamvu yake. Palibe chizolowezi chokhazikika cha lilime losinjidwa. Minofu yomwe ili mkamwa mwa chule-chule imapangidwa mosiyana ndi ya engengener. Tiyenera kuti titsegule pakamwa pathu ndi kudziponya kwa omwe akutizunza.

M'nyengo yozizira, maphokoso amabisala. Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu sabwerera m'mbuyo. Chifukwa chake, achule amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi akasupe otentha. Mwamwayi, akupezeka ku Transcarpathia. Madzi otentha amapereka ma batchi kuti azitha kukhala maso chaka chonse.

Chida chamaso achikasu

Chikopa cha toni ziwiri

Amakhala ku Ukraine ndi mileme.Anthu onse amadzitcha popanga. M'malo mwake, sikuti mileme yonse ndi mbewa, koma onse ndi anyama.

Chikopa cha mitundu iwiri ndichoperetsetsa, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika m'makunyumba, nyumba zosiyidwa, pansi pa denga la nyumba zamizinda. Anthu sakonda nyumba yoyandikana iyi, ndipo akufafaniza mawonedwe, kuwathamangitsa m'nyumba zawo.

Mapiko aku Ukraine okhala ndi mitundu iwiri amatchedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Pansi pa tsitsi la nyamayo ndi lakuda, ndipo pamwambapa pafupifupi loyera. Zomwe tsitsi lonse limapanga ndi siliva. Khosi la nyama limakongoletsedwa ndi kolala yoyera.

Ku Ukraine, zikopa zimapezeka kulikonse. Nyama idagwa mu Buku Lofiira chifukwa cha anthu ochepa. Zigawo za mbewa ndizosowa, ngakhale zabalalika m'dziko lonselo.

Chikopa cha toni ziwiri

Chupacabra

Timamaliza mndandanda wa nyama kuchokera ku Red Book losavomerezeka la Ukraine. Pomwe asayansi amati palibe chupacabra, chidziwitso chokhudza kuwombera kwake mbuzi chimachokera kudera la Kiev komanso dera la Rivne.

Owona m'maso amalankhula za zolengedwa zopanda tsitsi zomwe zili ndi mbewa lakuthwa komanso mawonekedwe ake ngati chifanizo. Chilombocho chimatchedwa chupacabra pophatikiza mawu achi Spain aku chupar ndi cábra.

Omalizirawo amatanthauzira kuti "mbuzi," ndipo wakale ngati "woyamwa." Zolemba zonse zokhudzana ndi chilombochi zikugwirizana ndi kuukira kwa mbuzi. Nyamayi imamwa magazi awo, koma osadya nyama. Chifukwa chake ngati chupacabra ilipo, ndiye vampire pakati pa nyama.

Mwina izi ndi zomwe chithunzi cha chupacabra chikuwoneka

Kuperewera kwa kutchulidwa kwa chupacabra ndi umboni wa mitundu yocheperako ya nyama ndi chifukwa chakulembedwera mu Red Book. Komabe, asayansi aphunzira matupi angapo a chupacabras. Pakadali pano, adasanduka ankhandwe zaduka ndi nkhandwe.

Amakonda kuchita zipsera. Matendawa amayambitsa timabowo taubweya, timayendetsa misala, amasintha mawonekedwe a nyama. Chifukwa chiyani, posazindikira, amukira mbuzi zokhazokha? Asayansi, pakadali pano, sanapeze yankho la funso ili la alimi omwe ziweto zawo zidawonongedwa ndi chupacabras.