Mbalame za mbalame Ndi gawo lanyimbo zazing'ono zakudutsa kwa banja lachiwopsezo, lomwe lero ladziwika ndi dzina la Zaryanka.
Mawu okoma komanso osangalatsa a mbalamezi nthawi ina ankatamandidwa ndi ndakatulo zambiri zazikulu zochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake mawu ake apamwamba adagwidwa mobwerezabwereza m'mavesi.
Achibale awo apamtima kwambiri ndi usiku, pomwe asayansi akudziwa mitundu iwiri yokha ya mbalamezi: loboti waku Japan komanso wamba.
Zojambula ndi malo a Robin
Kufotokozera kwa phwiti mbalame Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbalameyi imakhala ndi kukula pang'ono komanso kukula kwake imakhala yotsika poyerekeza ndi mpheta wamba. Kutalika kwake, mbalamezi zimafika masentimita 12, ndipo mapiko ake amakhala osiyanasiyana kuyambira 19 mpaka 22 sentimita.
Kulemera kwa oyimilira ang'ono awa a banja lakuda nthawi zambiri kumakhala magalamu 16 mpaka 24. Mlomo, ngati maso - wakuda bii. Amuna ndi akazi ndiomwe ali ndi zambiri zofanana, koma mtundu wa amuna ndiowala kwambiri. Kuyang'ana chithunzi mbalame lobin mutha kuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri amtunduwu ndi bulauni-bulauni ndi maolivi azitona.
Mbali yam'mimba mwa mbalamezo ndi yoyera, ndipo khungu la kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi chifuwa nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiira kwambiri. Matako a mbalamezo ndi a bulauni, ndipo anapiye nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo amaluwa.
Zaryanok wamba zimapezeka kudera lonse lalikulu ku Europe, komanso ku North-West Africa, Siberia chakumadzulo ndi Caucasus. Zaryanki yaku Japan imakhala ku Japan komanso kumadera ena ndi zigawo za China.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera chakum'mwera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njira yokhazikika, ndipo zomwe zimakhala kumpoto ndizosamuka. Zaryanka, wokhala kumadera aku North-Eastern Europe, amasamukira kumadzulo kwa Europe, Asia Little kapena madera akumpoto a Africa nthawi yachisanu.
Kuyambira nthawi yachisanu, mbalamezi zimabweranso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu. Choyamba, abambo amafika, omwe ali ndi chidwi chokhala ndi zisa zaulere, ndipo akazi amalowa nawo. Nthawi zambiri, zaryanok zimatha kupezeka pakati pa nkhalango zambiri, tchire, komanso m'mapaki ndi m'minda.
Mbalame siziwopa konse munthu, chifukwa chake imakonda kupangira malo mzindawo nyengo yachisanu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, adafuna kukhazikitsa makeke ku New Zealand ndi Australia, koma kuyesa uku kudatha.
Ngakhale kuti achibale awa ausiku sachita mantha konse ndi anthu, gulani loboti ya mbalame Lero ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa atenga mizu mu ukapolo. Malinga ndi nthano zaku Europe, zinali zaryanka zomwe zimayimba nyimbo kwa Yesu, yemwe anali kufa pamtanda, kuyesera kuti asavutike ndi nyimbo yake yabwino.
Fanizo lakale la Britain likutiuza kuti mbalame yaying'ono iyi idayesetsa kuthandiza Khristu kuchotsa korona waminga, ndiye kuti chifuwa chake chili ndi mawanga ofiira ngati chizindikiro cha magazi a Yesu. A Briteni amakhulupirira kuti ndichifukwa chake zaryanki mu Misty Albion yayikulu ayamba kuyimba nyimbo zawo Khrisimasi lisanachitike.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa phwiti
Robin - mbalame yosamukira, chomwe mwachilengedwe chake ndiwokhazikika komanso wosasinthasintha. Amakonda kukhala yekha, komanso maulendo apaulendo ena.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuwukira anansi awo omwe amayesetsa kukhala pagawo lawo. Zochita za mbalame zimachitika makamaka masana, komabe, zimatha kupezeka usiku wopendekeka kapena m'malo owala kwambiri mumayendedwe a usiku.
Tamverani mbalamezo Zimakhala madzulo kapena usiku. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, amuna amayimba, akukongoletsa zazikazi ndi maluso awo amawu. Zaryanki amakonda kupangira zisa pansi kapena pafupi ndi pomwe pali.
Iwo makamaka amakonda malo monga maenje, stumps yoola, mphanga pakati pa mizu ya mtengo, kapena kamakumba una kuthawidwa anatsala zosiyanasiyana nyama. Popanga makoma akunja a chisa, mbalame ya zaryanka imagwiritsa ntchito masamba, komanso masamba owuma ndi nthambi.
Danga lamkati la chisa nthawi zambiri limakutidwa ndi nthenga, ubweya, ubweya, maudzu ndi mizu yopyapyala. Robin nthawi amanga pa chitetezo chake okhala ku mvula kapena populates ndi recess limene chinyezi sangalowerere.
Zakudya za Robin
Zakudya za Zaryanka zimakhala ndi milozo, kangaude, kafadala, nyongolotsi ndi mitundu yonse ya ma mollusks. Kufunafuna chakudya mbalame izi anaikira makamaka pamodzi ndi padziko lapansi.
Komanso maloboti safuna kudya zipatso zamtundu uliwonse ndi nthangala, zomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amazidyetsa m'mapaki ndi m'mabwalo. Kwambiri, Zaryanka amakonda zipatso monga mabulosi akuda, ma currants, maulosi okalamba ndi phulusa lamapiri.
Kubereka ndi moyo amayembekezeka phwiti
Kuberekera mwa mbalamezi kumachitika kawiri pachaka, ndipo kumalumikizana kamodzi kumabweretsa mazira asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, omwe masabata awiri pambuyo pake amabadwa ana ang'ono.
Zojambulidwa ndi chisa cha mbalame ya loboti
"Newborn" anapiye mulibe nthenga, koma pambuyo pa miyezi theka, iwo atayamba kale kusiya chisa. M'masiku oyamba amoyo, anapiye ndi owala kwambiri ndikuwononga mphutsi zambiri ndi mbozi za tizilombo zoipa, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri m'minda ya zipatso ndi minda.
Ngakhale kuti kudula mitengo mwachangu komwe zaryanki imakhalamo, mbalamezo zidatha kusintha malo omwe zidakhalako ndikusintha mikhalidwe yatsopano. Choncho, nkhalango si kusokoneza deta mbalame anthu.
Imfa pakati pa achichepere ndiwokwera kwambiri, popeza anapiyewa amakhala otakataka, ndipo ambiri sakhala ndi moyo chaka chimodzi. Ngati zaryanka ikhoza kukhala ndi chaka chovuta pamoyo, ndiye kuti titha kunena zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
N'chifukwa chiyani dzina
Wokondedwa uyu ali ndi mayina ambiri. Amadziwika kuti phwiti wa malo owoneka ofiira pachifuwa pake. Ndipo pali lomwe osati ndi moto malo mlandu. Mbalameyo imakonda kupotoza chisa m'nkhalango za rasipiberi, motero phwiti.
Mwasayansi, mayi wokongola wotsekemera yemwe amatchedwa zaryanka. Chifukwa iye anaimba m'mawa ndi madzulo m'bandakucha. Woimba wosasinthika nthawi zina amapereka makonsati pafupifupi usiku wonse, asanayambike, m'mawa watsopano, kulengeza za tsiku latsopano. Mbalameyi imatha kuwona bwino kwambiri, ndipo imakhala yabwino usiku.
Kufotokozera phwiti
M'masiku akale, omwe amayang'anira miyambo amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zimabweretsa chisangalalo. Malinga ndi nthano, adateteza nyumbayo kuti isayake moto, kuwombedwa ndi mphezi ndi zovuta zina. Kuwonongedwa kwa zisa za phwiti, pakufunika kutero, chilango mogwirizana ndi rigor akutali a lamulo.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimakumana ndi anthu am'mudzi ndi kopach, kwinaku kukumba pansi. Mbalame zomwe sizimawopa anthu zimadikira kuti dziko lapansi lidzakumbidwe. Munthu akayenda kuchokamo, phwiti mofulumira kudya mwatsopano kwambiri anakumba mphutsi ndi mphutsi.
Kwa omwe robin akuimbira
Izi si za ife anthu konse. Phwiti trill - mauthenga ukwati iwo kusinthana wina ndi mzake, ndi mtundu pempho nthetemya kulenga banja. Amuna amavota mosangalala, amaliza mluzu, kuyitana achikazi ndi kutchula malo awo. Ndipo ngati awona omwe akuchita mpikisano akulowerera gawo lawoli, amadziponya ndewu ndikuyambitsa chipongwe.
Zotsatira za maubwenzi ankhanzawa, mpaka mbalame 10% zimafa. Chifukwa zikuoneka wamwamuna phwiti poyamba anali yokulirapo kuposa zazikazi. olusa awo sadziwa malire! Amakondwera kuukira ngakhale kuwunikira kwawo komwe.
Akazi - wachikondi amayi
Zazikazi kuikira mazira ndi kugwa nthawi 2 pa chilimwe. Amangokhala amayi otopetsa - amawuluka 300 tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya chawo kuti adyetse ana awo. Koma abambo mu ndondomeko imeneyi samenya nawo. Kids okha akazi chakudya.
Ndipo maloboti amaloŵa m'malo mwa amayi ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, tomwe timaponyedwa m'chisa ndi amayi osasamala a cuckoo. Ndipo udindo mayi phwiti awiri kuimba zambiri kuposa mbalame zina. Icho ndi chomwe iwo ali ogwira ntchito molimbika!
Amphamvu
Phwiti, zabwino zogwirizana ndi mwamphamvu sewn! Birdie, ngakhale ang'ono, koma amphamvu kwambiri, ndi kuwuluka kwa wautali. Nyengo zoyipa zokha ndizo zingachepetse mphamvu zawo. Ndi kutentha kusintha akhoza kutayika. Ndipo iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yodabwitsa. Ngakhale amakhala okha, nthawi zonse amakhala ofunitsitsa kuthandiza osati abale awo, komanso mitundu yofooka ..
Robin mbalame: phwiti amatchedwa anthu, ali lalanje m'mawere ndi mbalame amakhala yaikulu ya dziko
mbalame Izi phwiti ofanana. Mbalame yaying'ono imatha kupezeka m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale malo a malo zikuluzikulu - nkhalango, izo Tingaone m'mapaki ndi minda.
Robin losiyana liwilo. Ndiwokhazikika ndipo pafupifupi samakhala malo amodzi, ndikuwuluka masamba owonda mukuyang'ana tizilombo. Robin ndi chidwi kwambiri mbalame. Kumbuyo inu mukhoza kuona kwa maola popanda kutopa, ndi kuphunzira zinthu zambiri zokhudza moyo wa mbalame ndi chifuwa wokongola.
Mgodi wa mbalame ukhoza kupezeka m'malo onse a Russia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa dzikolo. Phwiti angapezeke mu Africa ndi Asia. Mu America ndi Australia, iwo satero moyo, ngakhale pa nthawi ina anali kuthetsa.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anayesanso kufalitsa loboti padziko lonse lapansi. nthawi iyi malo panali polowera ku Oregon. Koma nthawi imeneyi pofuna sanali kuyembekezera ornithologists.
Kukula koloni za mbalame zodabwitsazi kumafuna nkhalango deciduous ndi nthambi wandiweyani. Ngakhale ngati phwiti kusankha malo a kunyumba kwake paki kapena munda, ndiye idzathere yekha m'madera ambiri tchire. Zili m'nthambi zowirira zomwe zaryanka imapanga chisa chokha ndikutchingira ana.
A njira yamoyo kwa zigawo munthu wa malo osiyana. Robin, kukhala mbali ya kum'mwera ya dziko, kumabweretsa chithunzi changokhala, chopanda maulendo munthawi yachisanu. phwiti Northern, Mosiyana, mutu ndi njira woyendayendawu wa moyo. Amauluka ngati namzeze, kuti climes otentha kwa dzinja ndi kasupe kubwerera kwawo.
Robin sadzabereka ana kudziko lachilendo. Ngakhale pa ndege yaitali pamalo ofunda, iwo adzabwerera ndi kokha kuswa.
Feature
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake phwiti ang'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikudutsa masentimita 16. Mbali yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya zaryanka ndikuti ili nawo pachifuwa malo lalanjeKubisa m'madera onse a bere.
Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi kutalika kwa 7 cm. Kulemera kwa mbalame yaying'ono iyi kumakhalanso kochepa, magalamu 22 okha. Kuwonjezera ndege, mbalame zambiri amasuntha kudumpha ang'onoang'ono.
Malo omwe amakhala kwambiri nthambi wandiweyani. Chifukwa ntchito zake phwiti zonse paulendowu, akuyendayenda zachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo akufunafuna chakudya chawo ndi ana awo.
Zaryanka sachita mantha ndi anthu, kapena, samangodziwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene chirimwe wokhala pa munda khitchini kukumba, ndi kulumpha momuzungulira pied mbalame pokonzekera mbozi lotsatira.
ntchito zake phwiti kusonyeza masana, koma kuimba akuyamba m'mawa mpaka otentha.Pa loboti mawu wokongola kwambiri, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamawu abwino kwambiri pamtchire.
Monga mbalame zambiri, woimba wabwino imatengedwa wamwamuna. Koma akazi sakhala otsika kwa iye m'mawu ake, ngakhale mawu awo ndi ocheperako.
Amuna okhala ndi mawere a lalanje amadziwika ndi kukwiya kowonjezereka. Iwo amene ali ndi mphamvu osati kuteteza mkazi wake, komanso gawo limene iye amakhala. Nthawi zambiri pakati pa abambo pamakhala zolimba zomwe zimatha kupha mmodzi wa iwo. Chifukwa chake mbalame mabanja amakonda kukhalam'malo molumikizana ndi gulu.
Maloboti amakhala pang'onopang'ono, omwe amatha kuwasokoneza. Nthawi zambiri pali losonyeza nyali kapena kuwala pawindo ndingakhoze kuwatengera iwo kuti nyimbo pambuyo isanayambike usiku nthawi.
Ingoyang'anani pa robin kamodzi ndikuikumbukira kwa moyo wanu wonse. Mbalame yaying'ono, pachifuwa chake pomwe pali banga la lalanje, lokhala ndi miyendo yayitali yofiirira komanso mulomo wakuda, imasiya zomwe zimakumbukiridwa kwa munthu aliyense kwamuyaya. Mbalame ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti ndi ongokwana m'manja awiri a mwanayo.
Nthenga zakumtunda kwa mutu, kumbuyo ndi mapiko nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira. Kupaka utoto kumathandizira kuphatikiza phwiti ndi masamba komanso kuti adani awone. Kutsogolo kwa mbalame khalidwe mtundu wa lalanje. Imafalikira kuyambira pamphumi mpaka pachifuwa.
Ngati mbalame zambiri, phwiti wamwamuna ali zambiri zimalimbikitsa mtundu kuposa wamkazi. Koma anthu onsewa amakhala ndi ma tulo ataliitali omwe amawalola kusewera mwachisangalalo pa udzu wakuda.
Mlomo ndi wocheperako. lakuthwa kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti mugwire tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili m'gulu la zakudya za mbalame zokongola izi.
Ma paws amakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, mothandizidwa ndi komwe phwiti limamatirira kunthambi ndikuyimilira. Mchira ang'ono ndi lathyathyathya. Mosasamala kanthu za jenda, mtundu nthawi zonse umakhala wofanana, kupatulapo kukodzedwa. Chachikazi kuchokera kwa wamwamuna chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Yochezera zipatso:
- phulusa laphiri
- currant
- zakuda.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbalame sizimadana ndi chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwa anthu. Adzachita izi mosangalala komanso mopanda mantha. Monga akudziŵa bwino kuti pa nthawi ino ya chaka n'kovuta kupeza chakudya mumaikonda.
Chimodzi mwazakudya zosangalatsa komanso zokondeka ndikuphatikiza mazira a nyerere. Banja limodzi lokha nthawi yachilimwe ndi lomwe limatha kuwononga nyerere zonse zomwe zili m'derali. Kuyambira tiganizira zimenezi, wamaluwa odziwa kuyesera kuti akope kuti chiwembu cha mbalame.
Mbalame ya Robin. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, moyo ndi malo okhala loboti
Kanyimbo kakang'ono kameneka kamene kali ndi kanthu ka mpheta, koma kukula kwake ndi kocheperako (pafupifupi 15 cm). Pichuga izi pamodzi ndi akhwangwala, kumeza, akawelewele, starlings ndi mbalame zina zambiri, sizachilendo m'gawo la dziko, lili pa nambala pakati ornithologists kwa passerines - kwambiri detachment kwambiri onse ammudzi nthenga.
Robin Ili ndi mtundu wosangalatsa, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino, womwe umampatsa ulemu komanso wosiyana ndi ena. Pamwamba pa cholembera ake chivundikiro pa mutu mchira, ndi azitona bulauni kapena imvi ndi kum'chitira Kamaoneka, mbali kwa mutu, chifuwa, pakhosi ndi mphumi ofiira-wofiira, pafupifupi woyera mimba.
Komatu izi ndizongolongosolera chabe, chifukwa chilichonse cha mbalamezi chimawoneka chapadera. Kusiyanaku kwamitundu ya maula sikumangotengera jenda, komanso msinkhu wa munthu winawake, komanso malo omwe amakhala.
Phwiti pachifuwa imakongoletsa yowala malo, koma ndi osiyana kwambiri mu maphunziro ndi mitundu. Amuna, ali ndi utoto wambiri. "Chovala cha malaya" chotere, chokongoletsa chimphona, chimakhala gawo lalikulu, chofalikira kuyambira pachifuwa mpaka khosi ndikupitilira mpaka kumutu.
mbalame kum'mwera ndi owala zikuuluka.Ndi kuti, mosasamala kanthu za malo, anasonyeza Krasnogruda anapanga okha mbalame wamkulu. "Dickey" achinyamata, komanso pakhosi, mbali ndi mapiko amalembedwa osati wofiira kwambiri, ndi zambiri utoto ocher hue.
Pamsana pa mbalame achinyamata variegated ndi zofiirira mawanga, ndi pansi ndi yochitidwa. Iwo osokonekera, osati kuima motsutsana ozungulira chikhalidwe kupenta, cholinga khungu achinyamata wosadziwa ku zoopsa.
Komabe, pamodzi akazi achikulire kungakhale pafupifupi lowala monga kuti amuna okhwima. Ndipo izi Tingaone chinsinsi kutanthauza chikhalidwe mwachibadwa. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti kale banga, kasinthidwe ake ndi kuwala, phwiti kudziwa zaka za munthu, fuko lake, maonekedwe, kufunitsitsa amamuchitira ndi kupeza wina, zothandiza kwambiri mfundo mbalame kulankhulana.
Anapiye pa ena, kuoneka bwino lomwe kwa iwo mithunzi mtundu kuzindikira mayi ake, kudziŵa zinthu pamene tipemphela chisa cha chinthu chilichonse chouluka: kufuula ndi kuulula milomoyo awo pokonzekera wa kormozhki yaitali kapena pansi, chifukwa cha kuwopa kukopa chidwi cha munthu Muzisamala nthenga mlendo.
The mbali ya mtundu mabodza chomwecho malongosoledwe: n'chifukwa chiyani dzina la phwiti ndi? The yowala malo nthenga za mitundu yosiyanasiyana chofiira noticeable kutali, kuchokera zakuti-n n'zimene m'mutu ndi zotsalira za kulankhula kwa anthu.
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu "chilemba cha Khristu" - dontho la magazi ake, Amatero nthano zakale. Mwina chifukwa British ndikuganiza Krasnogruda Pichugov mtundu wa munthu wa tchuthi cha Khirisimasi ndi mwachindunji kusindikiza zithunzi za mbalame pa makadi moni.
Pachifukwa chomwechi anafotokoza mbalame zambiri amatchedwa phwiti. M'maiko ena amaonedwa chizindikiro cha m'mawa. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga dzina lina Pichugov: Olshanka.
Ndi mbalame izi ndi luso chidwi. Iwo ndi zodabwitsa songbird kuti akhoza zimatulutsa phokoso mosangalatsa kwambiri. Pa nkhani kuimba nawo mwayi uliwonse osati kupikisana ndi nightingales, ndipo ngakhale kuwapatsa mutu chiyambi.
kuimba phwiti komanso mtundu wa nthenga za, amanyamula mbalame zina deta zambiri. zizindikiro ukunenedwa potanthauza malire a dera azikhala ndi kukopa akazi mu nyengo mating, iwo encrypted ndi zina zambiri, zolengedwa Inde kokha awa wapadera.
Kumvetsera nyimbo ya phwiti
Nyimbo zoterezi zikhoza kumveka mu nyengo iliyonse. Only Mwachitsanzo, kugwa mu phokoso kumva chisoni ndi kusungulumwa kwa masiku zodabwitsa ofunda. Koma m'chaka cha nyimbo kukhala mokweza kukuwalira zambiri kosangalatsa.
phokoso Awa kalikiliki ali ponseponse mu m'bandakucha m'mawa, ndipo iwo anamva pa dzuwa litalowa madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Ichi ndi chifukwa china kuitana phwiti mbalame kapena zina monga m'bandakucha.
Iwo anaganiza deta khalidwe la oimira ufumu nthenga za mtundu wa thrush banja la mbalame waung'ono wotchedwa "Old World flycatcher." Komabe, maonekedwe awo ndi ofanana ndi nightingales phwiti, mwamsanga pamene thupi si monga ankafika choimirira.
Pakuti izi ndi zifukwa zina, ambiri a akatswiri Udindo mtundu uwu ndi osiyana mtundu phwiti. Mosiyana ndi achibale awo lakutali mpheta iwo kudzitama wamphamvu, ndinapirira, miyendo lalitali, yoteroyo modabwitsa olimbikira.
Mlomo mbalame yaing'ono, zaukhondo, pang'ono ngati lakuthwa, wakuda kumapeto, maso wakuda, yaing'ono, zobiriwira nthenga, mbalame olambira chokwanira zithunzi ndi chithumwa kunja. Mwa chibadwa, akulimbikira, cha khalidwe la yogwira ndiponso amphamvu. Tsatanetsatane wa nkhope Tingaone pa chithunzi phwiti.
mbalame zimenezo ogwirizana view, amene anapatsidwa dzina lakuti uli ndi dzina mtundu: phwiti (dzina "phwiti" zambiri zimachitika osati ndi mawu sayansi, koma mawu wamba). Koma mitundu lagawidwa angapo subspecies.
Si onse owayimilira pa mitundu ndi zinthu kunja ikugwirizana bwanji anapatsidwa kale. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira mawonekedwe apadera. Koma kukula pafupifupi chimodzimodzi kukakumana ndi pamwamba. Ndi kulemera ndi pafupi avareji magalamu 17.
- Zaryanyka yaku Japan ndi wokhalamo kuzilumba zachi Japan, kumwera kwa China, zilumba za Kuril ndi Sakhalin. The nthenga zovala amuna a subspecies izi akuwonjezeka, kuwonjezera pa anthu tanenera kale, mitundu zina: buluu pa pamimba ndi kumbuyo, ndi wakuda pa nsonga ya phiko. Koma mbalame "madona" wa subspecies izi mitundu sizichitika. Nyimbo zamtundu wakuda zimakonda kuvala zovala zawo.
- Chernogorlaya phwiti chekeni wa nthenga si makamaka ofanana ndi anzake ndaitchula. mmero wake ndi mmunsi mwa nkhope pang'ono kuzungulira maso ndi mphuno - wakuda. Nthenga zofiira zimaphimba kumbuyo kwa mutu, kumbuyo, ndi mapiko, ndipo pamimba ndi wopepuka. Mbalame kuimba zokongola, ndi kumanga zisa mu nkhalango ya kum'mwera China, Taiwan ndi Japan, makamaka pachilumba cha Ryukyu, choncho tayitanidwa yemweyo nightingales ryukyuyskimi.
- Phiri la zoyera tailed phwiti ngati subspecies yapita yekha kukula, koma kufanana thupi ngati njiwa a. Utoto uli ndi chidwi, chowala. The phale mtundu chimakhala chogwidwa ndi cholembera buluu. Flight nthenga pang'ono mdima. Pali mikwi yoyera pakhungu. Mbalame padziko Caucasus ndi Siberia.
- Mountain Blue phwiti ndi ofanana kwambiri mtundu ku subspecies yapita zikuuluka. Chovala chake chimayendetsedwa ndi mithunzi yamtambo ndi yamtambo. Mu maonekedwe izo zikuwoneka ngati pang'ono Chingolopiyo, mwina chifukwa cha kuwala kwa mitundu chovala. Pali mbalame Indonesia, Asia ndi Africa.
- Javanese zaryanka ili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi magulu am'mbuyomu, kupatula Africa yokhayo. Nthawi zambiri pachilumba cha Java. Monga wokhala ofunda m'mbali, chifukwa palibe kupanga ndege yozizira, pali advantageously kuthetsedwa. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, womwe umafanana ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame zakumwera.
Robin (Erithacus rubecula): mitundu, chachimuna ndi chachikazi, photos, mawu, video,
Phwiti (iwo phwiti, Zorka ndi Olshanka) - weniweni Thumbelina :. kulemera 16-18 magalamu, ndi kutalika thupi - 15-16 masentimita pansi maonekedwe odzichepetsa a mbalame chikopa ndalama weniweni wa imba - wamkulu anthu ndi mawu zokongola kuti akhoza kupikisana ngakhale usiku.
The nthenga ndi azitona imvi mtundu - izo nkhawa mapiko, mchira ndi mmbuyo. Uthengawo, mutu ndi pamimba utoto mtundu wofiira. Maso ndi iris ndi zakuda. Miyendo ya mbalame ndi woonda kwambiri, koma amazipanga olimbikira. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, phwiti imatengedwa kukhala oleza miyendo mbalame.
Mlomo wake ndi wakuda komanso wowonda, wocheperako.
N'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa zazikulu phwiti nthenga ngati Little chachilengulengu, zonse kwambiri, koma ziri chabe kapangidwe ka nthenga ndi.
Khalidwe ndi zakudya
Loboti amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, akangaude, tinthu ting'onoting'ono, nsikidzi. Osachepera - phwiti chikuphatikizapo chakudya tsiku la zipatso kapena mbewu.
Robin - chidwi kwambiri mbalame kuti ndi iye yekha, osati wina aliyense ayi mosiyana moyo wake. Mbalame imasaka yokha, ndipo imakondanso kuyimba popanda kucheza.
Koma phwiti ndi asatambira kwambiri ndi mbalame mtendere - ndi popanda njira mantha munthu akhoza ngakhale kudya dzanja. Koma mbalame zina chifukwa ena amaona adani ake. Nthawi zambiri zaryanka amatha kulowa ndewu, kuti ateteze gawo lawo.
Big Bully - mwamuna ndi mkazi, m'malo mwake, wofatsa kwambiri ndi wachikondi. Pali milandu pamene phwiti wamkazi mbamphedza wa aang'ono, cuckoo.
Kugawa ndi malo
Zaryanka wamba amakhala ku Europe, Western Siberia, Caucasus, Asia Minor ndi North-West Africa. M'madera otentha mbalame wakonda kukhala m'nyengo yozizira ndi amangokhala kwathunthu.
Robin amakonda kuthetsa pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madamu - zingakhale m'mapaki, nkhalango wosanganiza, zitsamba, minda masamba.
Chifukwa chaubwenzi, Zaryanka nthawi zambiri amapeza othandizira pakati pa anthu.Ana amakonda kudyetsa mbalame, chifukwa iye si mantha kudya dzanja.
Japanese phwiti
Iwo amakhala pa zilumba za Japan, ndi Izu zilumba. Iwo umakhala mu Russia pa Sakhalin Island ndi kum'mwera Kuril Islands. Mwa njira, mbalame zalembedwa mu Red Book of Sakhalin ndipo amatetezedwa wa malo "Kuril".
Kutalika thupi la mbalame 14 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 16. Mitundu iyi, dimorphism kugonana bwino. Male - wopambana wa woderapo, buluu mimba ndi chachikazi - wotumbululuka-bulauni kamvekedwe, palibe mitundu wakuda ndi buluu mtundu chiwembu.
Mu Japanese Robin, pali subspecies awiri. kusiyana kwawo ndi okha mayikidwe a.
- The subspecies choyamba amakhala pa chilumba cha Sakhalin, kumpoto kwa Japan, kum'mwera China, komanso chilumba cha Rishiri Island.
- The subspecies wachiwiri amakhala zilumba za Yakushima, Tanegashima, Izu zilumba. kusiyana mtundu pakati subspecies si anati.
Chachimuna ndi chachikazi
Robin - ndi zachilendo kwambiri mbalame - iye wakonda payekha. Nthawi zambiri inu simungakhoze kuwona nsapato mbalame izi, mwamuna wina kapena mkazi atakhala pa nthambi. Phwiti sakondwela kundivutitsa wina ndi mzake, ngakhale mochuluka chotero - iwo sangakhoze kulekerera gulu la mbalame zina. Amuna, kutentha kwa chitetezo cha m'gawo lake, zakutha kulimbana mwaukali.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti oposa 10% ya mtundu wa kufa chifukwa cha nkhondo kapena mwa okha kapena ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame.
About phwiti wamkazi anganene zonse zabwino: wachikondi, wofatsa, wokoma. mbalame akhoza akatenge anapiye anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, ana cuckoo. Komanso, mkazi yekha chisamaliro kwa pomanga banja chisa, aamuna - amakonda pa nthawi ino kuimba nyimbo.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kugonana mphamvu amayimba ngakhale madzulo, pamene mbalame zonse simusamala kuti kugona.
Amuna kukonda kuima mu zonse, mwachitsanzo: akadza kale kwambiri kuposa akazi - mu March, ndi chachikazi - kumayambiriro May.
Phwiti kukaikira mazira
Phwiti chisa patsinde pa mitengo kapena ming'alu. Nkosafuna chisa ndi yonseyo mawonekedwe. Phwiti amakonda otetezeka, kotero kutsatira lamulo limeneli, ndipo pomanga nyumba zokhalamo - pamwamba ayenera chinachake kuti mwala kapena muzu wa mtengo chisa kukhala pakusalabadira kunja.
Kunyumba
Amene sadziwa phwiti? Za mbalame kuimba nthano, izo limafotokoza mabuku ndi kukumbukira nyimbo. Robin - ndiwotani la anthu ambiri, chifukwa amapereka nyimbo yapadera.
Ngati mukupita kuti izi wokongola, nthenga cholengedwa, inu mukudziwa - phwiti ndi wochezeka kwambiri, sikutanthauza kusamalidwa ndi zinthu.
Phwiti mwamsanga atengere ukapolo. Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira, koma kwa mbalame, zinthu mulingo woyenera moyo, adzakhala selo.
mfundo ndi yakuti zambiri, phwiti amadwala chakuti ndi lasoy nyama zolusa ambiri zikuluzikulu. Nkhandwe, weasels, amphaka zakutchire, weasels, martens, weasels - nyama zonse agwire phwiti Komanso iwo zichoke mchikuta ndi.
Mu ukapolo - phwiti sakudziwa izo zonse ndi kukhala wotetezeka.
Lamulo khola
Kukhala bwino kusankha khola pakati pa zitsulo kapena matabwa. Ikani mbalame nyumba malo dzuwa - amalimbikitsa mbalame kuimba.
kubereka bwino kunyumba. Kuika kumatenga masiku 14. Bakha zikhalire.
N'zochititsa chidwi anapiye amabadwa popanda nthenga. Pafupi masabata awiri fledglings ndi kuyang'aniridwa pafupi ya makolo.
Zoyesayesa choyamba kuuluka kudzachitika tsiku la makumi awiri atabadwa, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi fledglings ofanana ndi mbalame wamkulu mwina chisa.
Zosangalatsa
- Robin - mbalame paradoxical: iye sakonda kampani ya mbalame, koma kumverera womasuka kwambiri padziko munthu.
- Mbalame sakonda malo lotseguka, iye akonda kukhazikika mu m'nkhalango ndi zitsamba.
- Mu UK phwiti - ndi wolemekezeka kwambiri mbalame.
Kawiri kawiri pa masitampu British kuwona chithunzi cha mbalame, chifukwa - chizindikiro cha Great Britain.
Nthano imazungulira pakati pa anthu, ngati kuti zaryanka adalambiridwa ndi Namwaliwe Mariya pakubadwa kwa Yesu - adatola zida zopangira moto, ndikuchirikiza lawi lake ndi mapiko - chifukwa chake brisket yake ili ndi malo ofiira.
Robin mbalame: Njira yake ya moyo ndi malo
Mbalame ya Robin idatchedwa dzina lachiwonetsero cha utoto. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalameyi idanyamulidwanso ndi ma rasipiberi, chifukwa, mbali ina ya mutu wozungulira mlomo ndi chifuwa zidali zodzaza ndi msuzi wa rasipiberi.
Ndipo zimenezi zimatchedwa Krasnogruda mbalame phwiti, osati chifukwa chakuti iwo kuyimba zokongola m'bandakucha.
Kuyang'ana pichu ya m'mawa, zikuwoneka kuti adayimba kwa nthawi yayitali, amasilira dzuwa likutuluka, kuti adasanduka mitundu ya mbandakucha.
Mbalame ya Robin idatchedwa dzina lachiwonetsero cha utoto
Mitundu yayikulu ya phwiti
Robin zaryanka taxonomic ndi wa mtundu wa chordata, dongosolo la Passeriformes, banja la flycatcher, mtundu wa Zaryanka.
Mbali za thupi za mbalameyi ndi izi:
- The nthenga yabwino, zofewa ndipo friable. Pa mapiko, nthenga zoyamba zanyamula; koma ndi theka kutalika kwake komwe kumatalikira kupitirira burashi yophimba.
- Kutalika thupi amuna ranges kuchokera masentimita 12.2 16 ndi akazi -. Masentimita 14 16 pafupifupi mbalame amenewa amakula 15 cm, pokhapokha, ndithudi, tikambirana molumikizana ndi mchira.
- Mapiko a amuna ali m'mtunda kuyambira 21 mpaka 25 cm, zazikazi - kuchokera 22 mpaka 25 cm, pafupifupi, mtunda kuchokera m'mphepete mwa phiko limodzi kupita m'mphepete mwa linalo m'chigawo chokulirapo ndi pafupifupi 23 cm.
- Kutalika kwa mapiko amodzi mwa amuna kumayambira 6 mpaka 7 cm, mwa mapiko achikazi amakhala ofanana, koma nthawi zambiri mamilimita angapo.
- Mchira kutalika pa ambiri amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi 7 cm. Mlomo pa aliyense ali miyeso pafupifupi 1.5 cm.
- Kulemera kwa mbalamezi kumawerengedwa pang'ono. Kusiyana kwake pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kulibe. Uthunthu wonse zimasiyanasiyana 17 '19
Mbalame yosazindikira: Kufotokozera, zikhalidwe
Mbalame ya Zaryanka ili ndi thupi lowala kwambiri
Mbalame phwiti ali ndi kumanga pang'ono kwambiri. Small woonda mulomo zotuluka izo chilombo kuti zokhudza arthropods ang'onoang'ono, makamaka tizilombo.
Chiyanjano chake ndi ntchentche chimadzilankhulira chokha. Mbalame yokongola iyi ndi mdani woopsa wa ntchentche, udzudzu, agulugufe, mbozi ndi mbuzi zina, zomwe zimakhala m'minda.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndi phwiti wokongola mbalame kotero kawirikawiri zimathera munthu akutsogolera njira ulimi.
Mchira wotalikirana ndi loboti watali kwambiri wosonyeza kuti kuli kofunikira kuthawa kwakanthawi kochepa. Kuuluka koteroko kumakhala kofanana ndi mbalame zosavutikira, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kuti zizipeza chakudya m'malo ovuta mitengo.
Komabe, chowonekera kwambiri mwa mbalamezi ndi mtundu wawo wowala pachifuwa ndi kutsogolo kwa mutu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi izindikirika m'malo omwe amadyera, mikanda ndi mikaka imasakanikirana. Chifukwa chiani akuyenera kuyika chiopsezo pagululo?
Udindo wa mtundu mu kuswana
Kupaka utoto wa mbalame iliyonse, makamaka yocheperako, kumayenderana ndi kugonana. Mu dziko osiyanasiyanawo ndi lankhanza la mbalame ayenera kusiyanitsa bwenzi kwa mdani. Mwa zolengedwa, ntchito iyi imaperekedwa kuti ikhale ndi fungo. Mu mbalame, chinthu chachikulu ndi masomphenya, kotero nthenga zimapatsidwa chofunikira kwambiri.
Krasnogruda mbalame chionekera a mitundu ina kuti akawaone kaye za anapiye onse. Pali chinthu choterocho - kudindidwa, komwe kumatanthauza njira yojambula chithunzi cha kholo.Achichepere amayang'ana mbalame yokhala ndi bere la lalanje, lomwe limawadyetsa, ndikukumbukira kuti izi ndi zomwe anzawo amtsogolo kuti aberekenso.
Pikoko yaikazi ndi yaimuna: Ndani wa iwo ali wokongola
Inde, loboti wokhala ndi mtundu wake wowala ali pachiwopsezo. Komabe, chinyengo apa ndikuti kuchokera kumwamba chimawoneka ngati cholengedwa chomwe chimalumikizana bwino ndi maziko onse.
Ndipo kwa mbalame zazing'ono, ngozi imangowoneka kuchokera kumtunda - kuchokera kwa mbalame zina zodya. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zapamtunda monga feline kapena marten, zomwe zimatha kuwona bwino kwambiri pachifuwa.
Pankhaniyi, Zaryanka ayenera kungodalira momwe amvera komanso kuthamanga.
Anapiye omwe angotuluka kumene mu chisa alibe chizindikiro, koma posachedwa mabere awo amapeza mtundu wa lalanje, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadziwika kuti wawo ndi ndani ndipo ndi mlendo.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamafotokozedwe amtundu ndi malo, ngakhale malingaliro awa ali ofanana.
Derali ndi gawo lomwe nyanjazo zimakhala. Izi sizitanthauza kuti malowa omwe ali pamapuwo amapangidwa ndi anthu amtunduwu. Monga lamulo, dera lirilonse, kupatula laling'ono kwambiri, limawoneka ngati tchizi wokhala ndi mabowo.
Zowonadi, mkati mwa gawo ili pakhoza kukhala malo omwe anthu amtundu winawake amapeza chilichonse chofunikira kuti akwaniritse mapulogalamu olowa nawo kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Komabe, m'magawo omwewo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala masamba omwe mitunduyi imatha kukhala ndi kubereka bwino.
Robin amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowola kapena zosakanikirana, momwe mitengo yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri yazipangidwe imayenera kukhalapo.
Komabe, madera okhala ndi mitengo yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya zithunzi komanso mitundu yambiri ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mbalamezi. Amafunikira mawindo ndi nkhwangwa zamatchire, komwe kuli malo ambiri komanso zitsamba zambiri.
Mbalamezi zimamva bwino m'nkhalango yopepuka yokhala ndi mitengo yoyambira komanso yotsika mtengo, zitsamba zobiriwira, komanso masamba osiyanasiyana azitsamba.
Mbalame yanjoka: malongosoledwe, moyo, kuswana zachilengedwe
Izi ndizowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lobotiyo azikhala m'malo omwe asinthidwa ndi munthu, chifukwa minda ndi minda yomwe yazunguliridwa ndi malamba amtchire yakhala malo abwino kwa mbalame yokhala ndi bere la lalanje.
Zowona, pankhani iyi panali kusintha kwa adani. Zisa za a Robin sizinawonongeke ndi ma caara, ma fisi, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu, koma zinayamba kuwonongedwa ndi amphaka, agalu ndipo, modzifunira kapena mosadzipereka, ndi anthu.
Mbalameyi idapeza malo okhalamo pafupifupi ku Europe konse kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Caucasus komanso gombe la Mediterranean. Kuphatikiza apo, robin amakhala ku Africa (koma kumpoto kwa kontinenti).
Ku Russia, dera la ma robins limagwira gawo lonse la Europe, limadutsa mu Urals ndikufika ku Western Siberia kupita kumtsinje wa Ob ndi Tom.
Mbalameyi imasamukira. Mbalame zonse zopanda chitetezo, nthawi zambiri zimawuluka komaliza - kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapenanso mu Okutobala. M'madera ofunda, mwachitsanzo, ku Africa ndi kumwera kwa Europe, siziwuluka kulikonse, chifukwa madera amenewa amapereka chakudya chake chaka chonse.
Nest ndi masonry ngati chisonyezo
Maloboti amapanga chisa chawo kuchokera masamba ndi masamba a udzu m'miyeso pansi. Malo okhala chisa awa ndi amodzi owopsa. Koma ngati mukuwona kuti mbalame zake zikubisalira mumtambo, momwe nyama zazikulu sizingalowere ndipo mbalame za nyama sizikuyang'ana, ndiye kuti njira imeneyi, mwina, ingatchedwe yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha izi, Zaryanka amafunikira bere lowala kuti anapiye ake amvetsetse. Ngati palinso malalanje, muyenera kutsegula milomo yanu ndi kufuula. Ngati kulibe malo, ndiye kuti muyenera kugona pansi osasunthika: mwina kutada kwa nthawi yoyamba kumene ankhandowo amapita kuti asaone.
Nzeru Zakuti Zinthu Zinachita Kusanduka: Kubereka mbalame
Nthawi zambiri, zisa zimamangidwa nthawi imodzi, ndipo ndulu zake zimawonekera kawiri pa nyengo. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 5-8 amtundu wobiriwira nthawi 1. Amayenera kukhala pamazira pafupifupi milungu iwiri.Ming'alu ya mazira imatuluka yamaliseche, yopanda thandizo komanso yakuda.
Choncho kusamalira makolo awo akhala akugwira ntchito kwambiri. Kusatetezeka kwa anapiyewo kumathetsedwa ndi kukula kwawo mwachangu.
Ngati chakudyacho ndi chabwino, ndiye kuti patatha milungu iwiri, anapiyewo amatuluka chisa cha kholo, koma khalani nthawi yayitali m'gawo la kholo.
Mbalame zimenezi si mantha anthu. Zisa zawo zitha kupezeka pakati pa tchire la currants, raspberries, m'nkhalango zamayendedwe osiyidwa. Mutha kuwona chisa ndi mazira ndi kukhalapo kwa mbalame yokhala ndi bere lowala. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti Musiyeni iwo.
Zingapo zochulukirapo m'munda kapena m'khola lanyengo yachilimwe zimaswana anapiye, ndibwino mbewuzo. Kupatula apo, mbalamezi zimadya tizilombo. Komanso, Pichugov ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri makolo. Pachifukwa ichi, ma cockoos amakonda kuyikira dzira lawo lalikulu m'mizere ya loboti.
Mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi (kanema)
Choncho, phwiti kwambiri pa dzinja eni kanyumba katundu nyimbo zokoma, m'pamenenso ndi cuckoo. Ndipo aliyense asaiwale kuti ma cockoos amadya mbozi zazikulu za shaggy zomwe mbalame zina sizingadye.
Chifukwa chake maloboti pamunda wamaluwa amagwira ntchito zambiri. Kuyambira munthu yemweyo akufuna chinthu chimodzi chokha: kuti adzakhala ndi zachinsinsi kumamuyamwitsa ana awo, kapena kukushat.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mbalame Robin
Robin ndi mbalame, yomwe imayimira mtundu wa chordate, gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la Passeriformes, banja la flycatcher, mtundu ndi mitundu ya robin. Mu 20s, ndi phwiti anali wotchuka kwambiri. Ku Egypt kale, nthumwi za banja lolemekezeka adaganiza zokhala ndi zovala zazing'onozi m'nyumba zawo. Amasinthasintha zokhala muukapolo, amakhala ndi mawu okoma, osangalatsa. Phwiti amasiyana wochezeka, wokoma mtima ndi mokondwera mtima wathu.
Kanema: Mbalame Robin
Mafuko a Celts akale ndi Achijeremani akale amati azimayi a dzuŵa nawonso ndi amodzi. Kenako, mbalame ankawaona chizindikiro ndi red-bearded mtumiki wa mulungu Norse a bingu Thor ndi mafunde. Anthu a nthawi imeneyo ankakhulupirira kuti mbalamezi zikapanga chisa pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu, zidzatetezera ku ngozi zachilengedwe - mphezi, moto, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi zovuta zina. Anthu adawona kuwonongedwa kwa chisa kosavomerezeka ndipo ngakhale nthawi zina adalanga kwambiri wowononga.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mbalame akhala wotchuka kuti mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19 anali sizachilendo makadi moni ndi masitampa ndi zithunzi za mbalame. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe zimakhulupirira kuti ndi zolengedwa zazing'onozi zomwe zinayesetsa kupulumutsa Yesu Kristu wopachikidwa pamtanda ndikuchotsa minga m'thupi lake. Anthu ankanena kuti zitachitika izi ndi pomwe amakhala ndi malo ofiira pachifuwa pawo omwe akuimira madontho a magazi a Khristu. Pa nthawi imeneyi mbalame anali kuthetsa chongopeka m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, ku New Zealand ndi Australia, mbalame sizinazike mizu. Ku Britain, loboti amadziwika kuti ndi dzina losayimira dzikolo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Photos: Kodi mbalame phwiti
Kunja, mbalame imafanana kwambiri ndi mpheta. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndizochulukirapo kukula komanso otsika kwambiri kuposa mpheta kukula kwake. Pafupifupi kutalika thunthu mbalame 11-13 masentimita. Mapiko ndi 18-18 cm. Kulemera kwa munthu m'modzi wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa magalamu 18-25 okha. Mu mbalame ang'ono, maso pozinga ndi bwino wakuda mulomo. Kuyerekeza kugonana sikungafotokozedwe. Akazi ndi amuna ali ndi kukula komanso mitundu yofanana ya maula. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi kuti mtundu mwamuna kutchulidwa kuposa akazi.
Mitundu yotsatirayi imakhala yayikulu pamtundu wa mbalame:
Thupi lotsika limapakidwa utoto wowongoleka - imvi zopepuka, zofiirira zosasinthika, ma uchi amtali. Upper torso gawo ali ndi mdima mtundu.Malo a chifuwa ndi lalanje. Malo owala a lalanje amawonekera kuchokera pachifuwa mpaka khosi, ndipo pamwamba, mpaka kumtunda kwa mutu.
Mu mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera, maula amawongoleredwa ndi mitundu yowala komanso yowala kwambiri. Palinso lingaliro loti, malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kutalika kwake, mbalame zimazindikira zaka, kugonana kwa anthu pawokha, komanso kufunitsitsa kwawo kukwatirana. Amphaka amasiyanitsa utoto wa makoko a makolo awo pakati pa mbalame zomwe zikuthamanga kuzungulira chisa ndipo, zikafika, zimatsegula milomo kuti zizipeza chakudya. Matako a mbalame ndi zofiirira.
Kodi mbalame ya loboti imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Robin ku Russia
Chojambula chaching'ono chimakhala chofala kwambiri kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Eurasia, komanso pamitundu yaying'ono pamayiko ena.
Malo okhala mbalame
- pafupifupi gawo lonse la Europe,
- Asia Wamng'ono
- gawo chakumadzulo kwa Siberia,
- anthu okhala ku Algeria,
- Tunisia
- Japan
- Madera osankhidwa a China,
- Zilumba za Canary
- Turkey
- madera akumwera kwa chilumba cha Crimea,
- zigawo kumpoto kwa Iran,
- Caucasus
- Madera akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Azerbaijan.
Monga madera okhala, mbalame zimakonda mitengo yowuma, yopatsa chidwi, kapena yosakanikirana. Nkhalango zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana - onse otsika komanso malo okwezeka. Mitundu yamtundu wabwino wa mbalameyi imamvanso malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, osati masamba owuma kwambiri komanso maluwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zimatha kukhazikika pamtchire, pachipata, pansi pamtunda, m'malo opaka. Mwa mitengo yonse yosiyanasiyana, loboti amakonda kwambiri komanso zophukira kuposa zina zonse. Posankha dera lokhalamo, amayesa kupewa nkhalango zachinyamata komanso zowala.
Zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa dera lokhalamo. Sizachilendo kwa iwo kusamukira kumadera ena. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto, nthawi yachisanu ikayamba komanso kufika nyengo yozizira, zimapita kumadera otentha - kumadzulo kwa Europe, mayiko ena a Asia Little, zigawo zakumpoto kwa Africa. Kuyambira masiku oyamba kwambiri a masika, loboti amabwerera kumalo awo.
Chochititsa chidwi: Oyamba kubwerera kuchokera nthawi yozizira ndi amuna. Amakhala ndi zisa zopanda kanthu, ndipo pambuyo pake akaziwo amawalowa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe phwiti la mbalame limapezeka. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi mbalame za mbalamezi zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame Robin Mu Ndege
Kudya kwa mbalame kumakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. Kusiyanasiyana kwa chakudya kumadalira dera lomwe mbalame zimakhala.
Zomwe zimagwira ngati chakudya cha mbalame:
Mbalame zimasaka chakudya chofanana ndi padziko lapansi. Sawopa konse kuyandikana ndi anthu ndipo amasangalala kudya zomwe anthu amabweretsa m'mabwalo ndi m'mapaki amizinda. Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo, loboti timadya mbewu zamitundu mitundu, zipatso zakupsa, zipatso. Pakati pa zipatso zonse, maloboti amakonda amakonda mabulosi akuda, ma currants, maulosi akuluakulu, currants. M'dzinja - nthawi yachilimwe, chakudya chomera chimakhala pafupifupi theka la chakudya cha oimira awa a Passeriformes.
Vuto pakupeza chakudya limatuluka ndikamayamba nyengo yozizira. Mbalame zimayamba kufunafuna chakudya chomwe zidachokera kuzomera, zomwe zithandizira kupulumuka kuzizira. Zimawulukira mosamala kwa odyetsa mbalame. Nthawi zambiri maloboti amatha kuwonekera pagombe la maiwe opanda ma ayezi. Sawopa madzi ndipo amatha kulowa m'malo otetezedwa ngati ali ndi phindu pamadzi osaya. Maloboti nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyama zazikulu zopanda nyama: nkhumba zakuthengo, zimbalangondo. Izi makamaka ndi nyama zomwe zimakumba lapansi. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbalame zizitha kuthana ndi tizirombo popanda kuyesetsa komwe nyama zazikulu zimakolola dothi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mbalame zamphongo zazimuna
Maloboti samadziwika ndi zochitika panthawi inayake ya tsiku. Amakhala otakataka masana komanso kutada.Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imawonedwa nthawi yamadzulo, mbalame zikauluka zimafuna chakudya ola limodzi ndi theka dzuwa lisanalowe. Ma Robins amabwerera chisa limodzi mpaka maola awiri dzuwa litalowa. Mbalame zimakhala usiku nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazokha zitsamba kapena m'makona a mitengo. Moti nyengo yozizira ikayamba, mbalame zomwe zimangokhala. Atha kukhala nkhuku za nkhuku, madenga a nyumba zokhalamo, mabowo a mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu zimatha kuyang'ana pakuwunika kwa misewu ndi kuwala kwa pamsewu.
Ma Robins amakonda kukonda njira zamadzi. Nthawi zambiri pagulu lalikulu la anthu, m'mawa umayamba ndikusambira m'madziwe. Kutacha, nthenga zoyera zimakhala m'mamawa kapena mame amvula. Modabwitsa, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona momwe mbalame zazing'onozi zimasambira mu anthill. Njira ngati izi zimathandizira mbalame kuyeretsa matupi awo. Pambuyo pake, zovala za nyimbo zimakonda kuyambitsa kutentha. Ma Robins amatenga dzuwa, atagona mwachindunji pamchenga kapena atakhala panthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba zomangidwa ndi mulomo wotseguka. Tsiku la mbalame zazing'onozi limatha pomwe limayamba ndi njira zamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasambira usiku.
Maloboti ndi gulu la nkhosa. M'magulu, monga lamulo, amuna amakhala makamaka achikazi. Amuna amene sanathe kupeza ndi kupanga awiriwa sakhala kudera linalake ndipo samateteza malire ake. Masana, amakhala nthawi yosiyana ndikusaka, ndipo ndikadzayamba kuda amasonkhana m'magulu achisangalalo ndipo amakhala usiku wonse limodzi. Chiwerengero cha anthu m'magulu oterewa chitha kufikira 10-25. Munthu aliyense ali ndi malo ake osakira nyama ndi malo osakira nyama. Nthawi zambiri, dera lake ndi mabwalo a 250-750.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi mawu ometa. Zojambula zawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi matoni osiyanasiyana, nyimbo, komanso voliyumu. Nthawi zina zimakhala ngati zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zolinga zawo. Makamaka melodic amadzaza mu April. Mbalame zimakhala nthawi yayitali yambiri padziko lapansi. Amalumphira pansi ndi mapiko awo pansi. Nthawi zambiri nawonso amagwedeza mchira wawo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Robin pa nthambi
Nyengo imodzi, loboti imaswana kawiri. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, komanso nthawi yachiwiri mu Julayi. Ngati pazifukwa zina mbalame zataya ana awo, zimathanso kubereka mu Ogasiti. Akazi omwe ali okonzekera kukhwima mwadala amawuluka gawo la amuna. Zikatero, amunawo amayamba kuchita mantha komanso kukwiya. Amatukula pachifuwa pawo kutsogolo, ndikukweza mitu yawo ndi michira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyendetsa mbali ndi mbali. Nthawi yomweyo, akuimba mokweza, mosangalatsa, kuyesa kuwopseza mlendo wawo.
Amuna okhaokha ndi okonzeka kuchita zachimuna. Amayamba kupemphapempha, kunjenjemera, ndikukankha mchira wawo pansi, kuyesera kuti amumvere chisoni mwiniwakeyo. Pamapeto pa chiwonetsero choti alibe thandizo, mkaziyo amawerama mutu ndikupita pachitsamba chapafupi. Izi zimabwerezedwa masiku angapo motsatizana. Mapeto ake, chibadwa chachilengedwe chimapambana, ndipo champhongo chimayamba kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kupamwamba. Ndi nthawi ino kuti, mopupuluma, amapezeka ali muukwati ndi mlendo wake.
Asanayike mazira ,ikazi imadzipangira chisa. Nthawi zambiri, amachita izi m'malo osatheka padziko lapansi kapena korona wa mitengo. Zitha kukhala m'maenje amitengo kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mamitala awiri, m'miyala yamtengo waukulu. M'mawonekedwe, chisa chili ngati mbale yeniyeni. Ili ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 10-15, ndi kuya kwa masentimita 5-7. Malo amkati mwa chisa amakhala ndi amayi osamalira amtsogolo okhala ndi nthenga, nthenga ndi masamba.Kunja kumakutidwa ndi mbewa, nthambi ndi mizu kuti chikhazikike. Pa kaseti kamodzi, yaikazi imayikira mazira 4-6 a mtundu woyera ndi madontho obiriwira kapena amtundu wa buluu. Munthawi yakugona kwachiwiri, mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi woyamba. Patatha milungu iwiri, anapiye amaswa kuchokera ku mazira. Nthawi imeneyi, mkazi samasiya chisa chake, ndipo mwamunayo amadyetsa banja lake lonse.
Ana omwe amawoneka alibe thandizo. Chichewa chimasowa. Kwa milungu iwiri, makolo amasinthanitsa anapiye awo ndikuyesetsa kuwapatsa chakudya chochuluka. Kenako anapiyewo amachoka chisa chawo ndipo kwa milungu iwiri ingapo amakhala m'mazomera okhala padziko lapansi mosamala makolo. Ziwonetsero zimayamba kuuluka mwezi umodzi kuchokera nthawi yobadwa. Pambuyo pake, amapatukana ndi makolo awo ndikukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Phukusi limayamba kutha pachaka, pomwepo limabala ana awo.
Adani Achilengedwe Achi Robins
Chithunzi: Kodi mbalame ya robin imawoneka bwanji
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, loboti ili ndi adani angapo. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo komanso kusatetezeka kwawo, mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakonda kugwidwa ndi adani olimba komanso akulu. Anapiana osawerengeka omwe amafa chifukwa chamadwala osiyanasiyana.
Zinyama zodya nyama zachilengedwe:
Chifukwa choti mbalame zimatha nthawi yayitali padziko lapansi, zimakhala ndi adani ambiri omwe amawadikirira pamenepo. Ziwopsezo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anapiye. Nthawi zambiri maloboti amapanga zisa pansi. Pa izi, amapezeka kwa adani ambiri. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimazipeza ndikumwa mazira, zimawononga zisa.
Munthu ndi zochitika zake, nthawi zina, ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbalame ndi zisa zawo. Nthochi za m'mapaki nthawi zambiri zimafa ndikudulira. Kukula kwa madera akuluakulu ndi anthu kumathandizira kuti mbalame zizikhalamo. Ngakhale izi, saopa konse anthu.
Kodi zaryanka amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Chifukwa chachikulu chaimfa mchaka choyamba atabadwa, avareji ya moyo wa zaka zambiri imakhala zaka 1.1. Komabe, anthu omwe adutsa nthawi imeneyi amatha kudalira moyo wautali. Zaryanka wautali wokhala kutchire adalembedwa ali ndi zaka 12.
Maloboti okhala m'malo abwino owerengera kapena nyumba amatha kumakhala nthawi yayitali. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Nyengo zosavomerezeka zimachititsanso kuti anthu ambiri afe. Mwachidule, mbalame zina zimafa, sizitha kupirira kuzizira ndi kusowa kwa chakudya komwe kumayatsidwa ndi kutentha pang'ono.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Chinsinsi cha loboti kuchokera kwa owerenga athu Marina Khaleeva:
Ndikupita nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha.
Za malo anga okondedwa - ndili ndi kukumbukira:
Kuyaka, tsamba lanyundo pachifuwa,
Amakhala ndi ine nthawi zonse ... Ndine ndani? Tchulani dzina!
Kanyimbo kakang'ono kameneka kamene kali ndi kanthu ka mpheta, koma kukula kwake ndi kakang'ono kwambiri (pafupifupi 15 cm). Chithunzithunzi choterechi, limodzi ndi akhwangwala, kumeza, titmouse, nyenyezi ndi mbalame zina zambiri, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri pamtunda wa dziko lapansi, amawonedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti ndi ochepa - gulu lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera pagulu lonselo.
Robin Ili ndi mtundu wosangalatsa, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino, womwe umampatsa ulemu komanso wosiyana ndi ena. Pamwamba pa chikuto chake cha nthenga kuyambira pachimake kupita kumchira ndi chofiirira cha maolivi kapena imvi chokhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira, mbali za mutu, chifuwa, pakhosi ndi pamphumi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, pamimba chimakhala choyera.
Komatu izi ndizongolongosolako chabe, chifukwa chilichonse cha mbalamezi chimawoneka chapadera. Kusiyanaku kwamitundu ya maula sikumangotengera jenda, komanso msinkhu wa munthu winawake, komanso malo omwe amakhala.
Bokosi la maloboti limakongoletsedwa ndi malo owala, koma limasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Amuna, ali ndi utoto wambiri."Chovala cha malaya" chotere, chokongoletsa amuna, chimakhala malo ambiri, chofalikira kuyambira pachifuwa mpaka khosi ndikupitilira mpaka kumutu.
Mbalame zam'mwera zili ndi maonekedwe owala. Nthawi yomweyo, mosasamala kanthu za malo okhala, mbalame zachikulire zokha ndizomwe zimawonetsedwa zokhala ndi bere lofiira. "Mnyamata" wachinyamatayo, ngati pakhosi, mbali ndi mapiko sizikhala zofiira kwenikweni, koma mawonekedwe owoneka ofiira.
M'mbuyo mwa mbalame zazing'ono mumayenda matumba a bulauni, ndipo pansi kumakhala koyera. Uwu ndi utoto woteteza thupi womwe suonekera patali ndi chilengedwe chomwe chapangidwira, chopangira kubisala achinyamata osadziwa ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Komabe, zovala za akazi okalamba zimatha kukhala zowala ngati za amuna okhwima. Ndipo izi zikuwulula tanthauzo lachinsinsi m'chilengedwe. Pali lingaliro kuti malinga ndi malo omwe atchulidwa kale, mawonekedwe ake ndikuwoneka bwino, maloboti amawona msinkhu wa mnzakeyo, jenda, mawonekedwe, kufunitsitsa kukwatirana, komanso kulandira chidziwitso china chomwe chiri chofunikira kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa mbalame.
Amphaka amazindikira amayi awo ndi mitundu ina yowoneka bwino, kuwamvetsetsa momwe amakhalira poyandikira chisa cha chinthu chouluka: kufuula ndikutsegula milomo yawo akuyembekezera kudya kwakudikirira, kapena kukhala mwakachetechete, kuwopa kukopa chidwi cha mlendo wokhala ndi nsapato.
Zowoneka ndi utoto zili ndi kufotokoza: chifukwa chiyani robin amatchedwa? Nthenga zowala zazithunzi zingapo za utoto wofiirira zimawoneka patali kwambiri, pomwe zimadukiratu ndikukumbukira ndipo zimatsalira pakulankhula kwa anthu.
Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti uwu ndi mtundu wa "chizindikiro cha Kristu" - dontho la magazi ake, monga momwe nthano yakale imanenera. Mwina chifukwa achi Briteni amawona zithunzi zokhala ngati zokhala ngati za Khrisimasi, ndipo patchuthiyi amasindikiza zithunzi za mbalame zoterezi pamakhadi a moni.
Pa chifukwa chomwechi, mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa zambiri zimatchedwa zaryankami. M'mayiko ena, amaonedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha dzuwa lam'mawa. Dzina lina lodziwika bwino la zithunzi zodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino: galu wambiri.
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi talente yabwino kwambiri. Ndi oimba opambana, amatha kupanga nyimbo za melodic kwambiri. Pazinthu zamawu, pali mwayi uliwonse osati kungopikisana ndi ma nightingales, komanso kuwapatsa poyambira.
Kuyimba loboti komanso mtundu wa maula, amanyamula zambiri za mbalamezi. Zizindikiro izi zimapangidwa kuti zisonyeze malire a gawo lomwe anthu amakhala, kuti akope othandizana nawo nyengo yakukhwima, adasinthanso zochulukirapo, zomveka kwa zolengedwa zapaderazi.
Mverani kuimba kwa loboti
Kuyimba kotereku kumamveka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mwachitsanzo, mwachidule, mu kugwa kumene mumamvetseka mumakhala achisoni komanso opanda chiyembekezo chifukwa cha masiku abwino otentha. Koma nthawi yamasika, nyimbo zimakhala mokweza, zowala komanso zosangalatsa.
Phokoso lotere limagwira ntchito kwambiri m'chigawo cha m'bandakucha kutuluka kwa dzuwa, ndipo limamvekanso m'mawa kutacha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso choti mbalame zoterezi zaryanka kapena, nthawi zina, mbandakucha.
Ndichizolowezi kunena kuti oyimilira aaufalme amtunduwu ndimtundu wa chisangalalo chochokera ku banja la mbalame zazing'ono zotchedwa "flycatchers". Komabe, mawonekedwe, loboti ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi ma nightingales, kungotengera thupi sikokhazikika.
Pazifukwa izi ndi zina, akatswiri angapo a sayansi amati mtundu wamtunduwu wa zaryanok. Mosiyana ndi abale awo akutali a mpheta, amatha kudzitama ndi miyendo yolimba, yolimba komanso miyendo yosakhazikika.
Mlomo wa mbalame zotere ndi wocheperako, waudongo, wowonda, wakuda kumapeto, maso ndi wakuda, wocheperako, maula ndiwowoneka bwino, wopatsa chidwi cha mawonekedwe ndi chidwi chakunja kwa mbalameyo. Ndi olimbikira m'chilengedwe, akhama komanso anzeru pamakhalidwe. Zambiri zitha kuwonedwa pa zithunzi loboti.
Mbalame zoterezi ndizogwirizana mu mtundu womwe udalandira dzina lofanana: zaryanka (dzina loti "robin" liyenera kutchulidwa osati ndi mawu asayansi, koma ndi mawu otchuka). Koma mitundu yokhayo imagawidwa m'magulu angapo.
Si onse oimira ake pamtundu ndi maonekedwe omwe amagwirizana ndi kufotokozedwa koyambirira. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira mawonekedwe apadera. Koma kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndipo kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Ndipo kulemera kukuyandikira pafupifupi magalamu 17.
- Zaryanyka yaku Japan ndi wokhalamo kuzilumba zachi Japan, kumwera kwa China, zilumba za Kuril ndi Sakhalin. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tanena kale, mitundu yowonjezera imawonjezeredwa kumavalidwe a nthenga a abambo a subspecies iyi: buluu pamimba ndi kumbuyo, komanso lakuda pamiyala yamapiko. Koma "madona" omwe ali ndi tsambalo kuchokera ku mabungwewa alibe mitundu yotere. Nyimbo zamtundu wakuda zimakonda kuvala zovala zawo.
- Zaryanka yakuda yakuda mumtundu wa manambala ake siyofanana kwenikweni ndi abale omwe adatchulidwa kale. Khosi lake ndi mbali yakumaso kwa nkhope ndi mphuno zakuda. Nthenga zofiira zimaphimba kumbuyo kwa mutu, kumbuyo, ndi mapiko, ndipo pamimba ndi wopepuka. Mbalame zotere zimayimba ndikumanga zisa m'nkhalango zakumwera kwa China, Taiwan, komanso Japan, nthawi zambiri pachilumba cha Ryukyu, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso Ryukyu Nightingales.
- Phiri loyera-loyera la zaryanka ndilofanana ndi ma subspecies am'mbuyomu kukula kokha, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi lambiri monga nkhunda. Utoto uli ndi chidwi, chowala. Mtundu wa cholembera umawongoleredwa ndi buluu. Nthenga zanthete zimakhala zakuda pang'ono. Pali mikwi yoyera pakhungu. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ku Caucasus ndi Siberia.
- Phiri lamtambo wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo m'mitundu yambiri ndilofanana ndi mitundu ya mitundu yambiri yam'mbuyomu. Chovala chake chimayendetsedwa ndi mithunzi yamtambo ndi yamtambo. Kunja, amawoneka pang'ono ngati parrot, mwina chifukwa chowala mitundu ya mkanjowo. Pali mbalame yotere ku Indonesia, Asia, Africa.
- Javanese zaryanka ili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi magulu am'mbuyomu, kupatula Africa yokhayo. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pachilumba cha Java. Popeza ndi okhalamo madera ofunda, chifukwa chosowa kufunika kopanga ndege nthawi yozizira, imakhazikika. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, womwe umafanana ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame zakumwera.
Habitat, malo okhala
Robin amapezeka ku Eurasia chakum'mawa kupita ku Western Siberia, kumwera kupita ku Algeria. Zitha kupezekanso kuzilumba za Atlantic Ocean, kumadzulo kwa Azores ndi Madeira. Sanakumana nawo kupatula ku Iceland. Kummwera chakum'mawa, kugawa kwawo kumafika ku Caucasus Range. Loboti waku Britain kwa anthu ambiri amakhalabe nthawi yozizira m'malo omwe amakhala.
Koma ochepa ochepa, nthawi zambiri akazi, amasamukira ku Southern Europe ndi Spain m'nyengo yozizira. Zanyanki zaku Scandinavia ndi Russia zisamukira ku UK ndi Western Europe, kuthawa nyengo yozizira yomwe imakhala kumadera kwawo. Zaryanka malo omangira chisa amakonda nkhalango zokongola ku North Europe, mosiyana ndi zomwe amakonda m'mapaki ndi minda ku British Isles.
Mbalame zachikhalidwe
Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zotuluka. Amakondwera ndi anthu, osawopa. Ndipo ndi abwenzi ndi okhalamo a chilimwe! Akuzungulira mbali ndi mbali, pomwepo kuti agwire mchere mu mawonekedwe a nyongolotsi kapena kangaude kuchokera pansi pa zokutira. Ndipo mbalame zokhazikika kwambiri zimasangalala ndi manja awo.
Mofananamo, amayenda ndi nyama zakutchire zomwe zikung'amba nthaka. Nguluwe zakuthengo ndi abwenzi apamtima a loboti.
Pokhala ambiri Russia, loboti ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. Ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhalabe yozizira. Kuchokera ku maloboti okhala ku Ireland, gawo laling'ono limawulukira kumoto. Akazi ambiri, ndipo amuna monga ankhondo olimba mtima amakhalabe oyang'anira gawo lonselo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuyimba kwa mbalame zolekanitsidwa kumakhala kwachisoni.
Mawere ofiira amatha kukhala muukapolo ngakhale kuyimba ngati atapanga malo omasuka ndipo tsiku lililonse amapereka chakudya patebulo lawo monga mawonekedwe a maphemwe kapena mphutsi za ufa.
Anthu okonda maloboti
Pamakhala zodziwika bwino kuti ngati loboti amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, ndiye kuti kutukuka ndi kutonthozedwa zidzalamulira. Ndipo nyimbo yodziwika bwino ya phwiti ndi mawu ake odabwitsa idapangitsa atsikana ang'ono awa kutchuka komanso kukondedwa nafe. Ndipo achi Briteni adasankhanso mbalameyi ngati chizindikiro cha dziko lawo.
Amanenanso kuti bere la loboti silinali nthawi zonse lofiira. Koma iyi ndi nkhani yosiyana kotheratu.
Mutithandiza kwambiri, ngati mumagawana nkhani pagawo lapaintaneti komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.
Tumizani ku njira yathu.
Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.
Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe a Robin
Mbalameyi ndi yosangalatsa kuyang'ana. Akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana. Korona, nape ndi thupi lakumwamba, kuphatikiza mapiko ndi mchira wake, limakhala lofiirira. Pa mapiko, nthawi zina mtambo wakuda suwoneka.
Mutu, mmero ndi chifuwa ndi lalanje ofiira owala, opingidwa ndi nthenga za imvi, kupatulapo mphumi. Thupi lotsika limakhala loyera, mbali zake ndi zofiirira.
Mlomo wake ndi wakuda. Maso ndi amtundu wakuda. Miyendo yanu ndi yofiirira.
Mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira. Thupi lotsika limakhala lodetsedwa, lokhala ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali yamtundu wa beige kapena malo otuwa. Nthenga za lalanje zofiira zimawonekera kokha pambuyo pa molt woyamba, pakatha miyezi iwiri.
Phwiti ndiosavuta kuwumba. Mbalame zodziwikirazi siziopa anthu kotero kuti zimatha kuyandikira mtunda woyandikira. Nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungira ziweto.
Robin amangozolowera moyo wotere, komabe, amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Popeza mbalame zimakonda kusambira, zimasinthanso madziwo kawiri pa tsiku. Ndizosangalatsa kusamba, kenako phwitiyo ikusintha nthenga zake mokoma. Kunyumba, mbalame imayimba mokongola kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Kuti nyimbo zizitha kumveka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera maphemphepete kapena mphutsi za ufa patsiku.
Robin amabweretsa phindu lalikulu, monga mbalame zambiri, ndikuwononga tambiri tambiri panyengo. M'pofunika kutchera khutu ku zaryanka, kukonzera chakudya ndi zipatso, zipatso. Chithandizo chachikulu kwa mbalamezi ndi mazira a nyerere.
Momwe zaryanka zimayimbira
Kuyimba komweko ndi "nkhupakupa" womveka, wobwerezabwereza komanso kutchulidwa mwachidule "Mafunso Chongani" mwa mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Zaryanka amalankhulanso mwachidule, mwakachetechete kapena kubooleza ndikumvera chisoni kwa "awa" akakhala ndi nkhawa kapena pangozi.
Nyimbo ya Zaryanka ndi mndandanda wamawu omveka bwino, zofewa, zomveka bwino komanso zolemba zazifupi.
Zaryanka amayimba makamaka kukopa achikazi ndikulemba gawo m'mawa, atakhala pamtengo. Nthawi zina amaimba usiku, ngati ali pafupi ndi nyale yamsewu. Zaryanka amayimba chaka chonse, kupatula kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ikasungunuka. Mukugwa, kuyimba kumakhala kosalala, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono.
Nyimbo ya Robin yojambula mawu kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi.
Kodi zaryanki amakhala kuti?
Mbalame imakhala:
Nthawi zambiri amawona zaryanka m'mitengo yosiyanasiyana.
Zaryanka amakhala ku Europe ndi UK. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa mapiri zimasamukira kumwera nthawi yozizira kupita ku North Africa, kum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi Iran. Mtunduwu umapezekanso kuzilumba za Atlantic, monga Madeira, Canary ndi Azores. Kuyesera kusamutsa zaryanyka kumayiko ena sikulephera.
Robin chakudya
Maziko a zakudya zosiyanasiyana ma invertebrates, tizilombo. Robin amakonda kudya ndi kufota ndi zipatso ndi zipatso.
Ngakhale zinthuzi zimalowa menyu pokhapokha nthawi ya chilimwe-yophukira. Zinyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa pansi. Amathanso kudya nkhono, ngakhale ali ochepa. Zaryanka amangowoneka ngati mbalame zozungulira, zolengedwa zokhala ndi mphika. M'malo mwake, nthenga zawo sizigwirizana ndi thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa khungu kuphimba kwake.
M'dzinja-nthawi yozizira, pofika nyengo yozizira, zaryanki zimapita kukafunafuna gwero la chakudya.Amadyetsa njere zamitundu yonse, amawulukira kwa odyetsa mbalame kuti adye chimanga ndi mkate. Mutha kukumana nawo m'madziwe osatentha.
M'madzi osaya, mbalame zimatha kudya nyama, chifukwa chake zimayenda pamadzi popanda mantha. Kusowa kwa loboti kuopa munthu kumampatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yake nthawi iliyonse.
Nthawi zambiri monga akumba, mbalameyi imayenda ndi zimbalangondo ndi nkhumba zamtchire kuthengo, zomwe zimakonda kukumba dothi. Nthawi zambiri maulendo oterowo amakonzedwa limodzi ndi anapiyewo kuti awawonetse okha momwe angapezere chakudya.
Habitat
Ming'oma ndiofala ku Russia kulikonse. Amatha kuwoneka kumadera akumpoto, komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo mbalame zaku Moscow, komanso ngakhale ku Siberia.
Ma Robins amapezeka ku Africa, Asia, koma, mwachitsanzo, sakhala ku Australia ndi America. Nthawi ina anayesapo kuwabweretsa iwo, koma mbalamezo sizinazizire.
M'zaka za zana la 20, kuyesera kufalitsa mbalame mobwerezabwereza. Panthawiyi, Oregon ndi British Columbia adasankhidwa kukhala kwawo kwa maloboti, koma ngakhale pamenepo kuyesaku sikunaphule kanthu.
Kuti gulu la mbalame lisale ndikukula, pamafunika nkhalango yosakanizika kapena yokhazikika komanso yolimba kwambiri. Ngati loboti amakhazikika m'minda kapena m'mapaki, ndiye kuti amasankha okhawo omwe ali ndi tchire zambiri. Mu nthambi zawo, mbalame ndikuwonetsa ana.
Zosangalatsa! Pali lingaliro lakuti "robin" adadzipangira dzina osati chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a bere, komanso chifukwa cha kukonda kwake kupotoza zisa m'matumba a rasipiberi (mosadabwitsa, grouse wakuda, ngati buledi, amapanganso mwadala zisa pafupi ndi tchire la mabulosi). Ndi komwe kuti nthawi zambiri okhala pachilimwe amakhala ndi mazira. Adatcha Zaryanka chifukwa, kuyambira kuyimba mamawa, akupitilizabe mpaka kucha. Ndipo, kupumula pang'ono, limodzi ndi akuda amalandila tsiku latsopano.
M'madera osiyanasiyana, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo wina. Kummwera - kukhazikika, chifukwa maulendo ataliatali yozizira sapangidwa. Kumpoto - kuyendayenda, monga kumezakoma mu kasupe akubwerera imodzi yoyamba.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuti ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zimawulukira kumwera chakumapeto, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi
Zosangalatsa! Ma Robins, omwe kwawo ndi kumpoto, ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa anzawo akumwera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwawo ndi kowala.
Palibe mbalame sizikhala malo achilendo kwa iwo. Ngakhale kuyenda maulendo ataliatali mokwanira kumadera otentha, kumayambiriro koyambira nthawi zonse amabwerera komwe anabadwira kukalera anapiye.
Zosangalatsa! Kuyambira 60s m'zaka za m'ma 1900, mbalamezi zakhala zikudziwika kuti ndi mbalame yakuthengo ya Great Britain. M'dzikoli, mbalame imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kubadwa kwa Khrisimasi. Mpaka lero, pamakalata achikhalidwe mumatha kuwona m'bandakucha.
Akuluakulu zaryanka akukonzekera kuthawa
Kubala ndi kubereka
Mbalame za Robin zimabereka ana kawiri pachaka. Izi zimachitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, nthawi yoyamba - kumapeto kwa Meyi, chachiwiri - Julayi. Amakhala ndi chibadwa chabwino cha makolo. Ndipo ngati umodzi wa ana adatayika pazifukwa zilizonse, amatha kuyamba kubereka mu Ogasiti.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi msonkhano wa makolo amtsogolo. Mosiyana ndi zinyama zina zambiri, zazikazi zimayambira. Amawulukira m'dera lamphongo ndikuyamba kumuyimbira, ndikutambasula mapiko ake. Wamphongo amakhala mwamwano, kuteteza malire a gawo.
Amayamba kupanga maphokoso abwinobwino, phokoso lowopsa, kenako kugwada mopanda mantha, pambuyo pake mkaziyo, ngati kuti mwamantha ndi kukakamiza, agwedeza mchira wake, kuthawira kumtengo kapena chitsamba choyandikana. Chibwenzichi chimatha pafupifupi masiku 3-4.
Tsiku ndi tsiku, mkwatibwi wanzeru amayesa kuwonetsa kusowa kwake pogwira mutu wake patsogolo pa amene wasankhidwa. Zitachitika izi, kupemphelera ndi kubereka ana nthawi zambiri kumabala zipatso.
Poika mazira, wamkazi amayamba kupanga chisa.Amapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi, mizu, udzu ndi pepala, ndipo pansi pake amapangika ndi dothi. Ndipo ili m'malo otsika mitengo, tchire, pamtunda kapena pamakona omanga, m'malo otetezedwa bwino.
Izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono koma osati zamtendere.
Zaryanka ndi wankhanza poteteza gawo lake. Mikangano ndi mbalame zina zimayamba kusinthika, kumakhala nkhondo yayitali, zanyanki peck ndikukhota. Amuna onsewo amayang'anani wina ndi mnzake, amadzaza chifuwa chake, nthenga zofiirira zofiira. Cholinga ndikuwakanikiza otsutsayo pansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kugonja kwake. Nkhondo zina nthawi zina zimatha ndikumwalira kwa mmodzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
Zaryanka imatha kuyendetsa mbalame yayikulu kuchokera kumadera ake. Amathanso kulimbana ndi mawonekedwe ake ngati awona nthenga zofiira. Mbalameyo imakula nthenga ndipo zimatsitsa mapiko ake zikafuna nkhondo.
Zofunikira
Zaryanka ndizosavuta kuwona mu chithunzi kuposa m'moyo. Zowonjezera sizakuti iye amakhala moyo wobisalira (ngakhale, pali chowonadi china kwa izi), koma kuti ndiwosavuta kwambiri.
Kulongosola koyamba kwamtunduwu ndi kwa Linnaeus. Kalelo mpaka m'zaka za zana la 17, mu buku lake "The System of Natural", lomwe limadziwika pakati pa akatswiri asayansi yofufuza zinthu, asayansi adalemba zaryanka, atasanthula zonse zomwe zidachitika.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Dzinalo la sayansi - Motacilla rubecula, limaphatikizira dzinalo ndi generic epithet (rubecula), lomwe limamasuliridwa ku Russia kukhala "ofiira".
Mbalame zimakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 5, ngakhale zimakhala zaka 12. Koma pakati pa nyama zazing'ono, anthu amafa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa chomenyana wina ndi mnzake. Mwambiri, pali malingaliro pakati pa akatswiri opanga ma ornithologists kuti ngati mwana wankhuku loboti adakhala chaka choyamba, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi wakufa kale atakwanitsa zaka 10 (ndi zaka).
Palibe kufotokoza komwe kumakwaniritsidwa popanda nkhani yokhudza momwe mbalameyi imalira. Ndizosangalatsa kumvera loboti, sizotengera pachabe kuti zimatengedwa kuti ndi woimba waluso kwambiri! Mbalame imayamba kujoka ndikutuluka kwa m'bandakucha, masana itakhala chete, ndipo dzuwa litalowa, limalowanso kwaya yonse.
Nyimboyo imadziwikiratu kuti inali yaphokoso kwambiri, mkati mwake munkalimba mluzu komanso mokokomeza.
Kumayambiriro koyambira, phokoso lanyimbo limatha kumveka pafupifupi tsiku lonse, koma pafupi ndi chilimwe, maloboti amasangalatsa okonda zojambula zawo madzulo okha ndi m'mawa.
Zaryanka wamwamuna amayimba nyimbo
Momwe ma robins amakonzera nthawi yakukhwima
Zaryanka awiriawiri fomu mu Januware. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala m'dera lomwelo mpaka mwezi wa Marichi, atetezeni ku chiwopsezo cha opikisana nawo. Wamphongo amayimba mofuula kwa wosankhidwa, amene akumanga chisa. Panthawi imeneyi, nthawi zonse amabweretsera mnzakeyo chakudya chamankhwala. Koma amathamangitsa woperekera zakudyacho. Zachidziwikire, zazikazi zimakhala ndi mantha akamanga chisa, ndipo kupezeka kwa wamwamuna woyimba pafupi naye nthawi zina kumapangitsa zaryanka kusintha malo ake.
Akazi achimuna ndi achimuna
Ubwenzi ndi anthu
Anthu saopa kugundika konse. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kuuluka mosavuta ndikudya chakudya m'manja. Nthawi zonse amakhala ndi anthu okhala nthawi yachilimwe nthawi yomwe amalima nthaka kuti agwire nyongolotsi zomwe zakumbidwa nthawi. Muukapolo, kusunga mbalame ndikothekanso.
Mbalameyi imayimba ngakhale ikasungidwa bwino. Kusamalira ndikosavuta, koma kuli ndi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, maloboti amakonda kusambira, akusambira mosambira, kotero amalimbikitsidwa kusintha madziwo kawiri patsiku.
Mbalameyi siziisambira mwachisangalalo zokha, komanso imakokomeza, ndikuyeretsa nthenga zake zonse. Njirayi ndi yosangalatsa kuwona.
Nesting ndi ana a zaryanok
Zachikazi zimamanga chisa mamita angapo pamwamba pamtunda, zimabisala pakati pamasamba, komanso zimatha kukhala chisa mumphepete mwa khoma lamiyala ndi m'malo osadziwika bwino, monga bokosi la makalata kapena mphika womwe unaikidwa pansi!
Yaikazi imayamba kumanga kumapeto kwa Marichi. Pansi pa chisa amapangidwa ndi masamba owuma ndi moss.Mkati mwake mumayalidwa ndi zitsamba zowuma ndi mizu, ubweya ndi nthenga.
Zaryanka nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira 5 oyera. Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku 13, chachikazi chimadzitchinjiriza. Nthawi imeneyi, mayi amakhala nthawi zonse amasowa chisa kuti adyetse, koma mnzakeyo amamupatsanso chakudya.
Zigoba za mazira osungidwa nthawi yomweyo amachotsedwa pachilatacho ndi chachikazi, chomwe nthawi zina chimadya mbali ina ya chigamba cha calcium.
Mu sabata yoyamba ya amoyo, amake amawadyetsa, amphongo amabweretsa chakudya chisa cha wothandizira. Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri, makolo onse awiri amadyetsa anapiye. Zaryanki yachichepere imachoka pachisa patatha milungu iwiri isanathe, makolo amadyetsa ana masiku enanso 15.
Yaikazi nthawi yakuswana nthawi zina imapanga lachiwiri lofananira, koma nthawi zambiri chisa chatsopano.
Zaryanka ndi wa gulu la Passeriformes, banja la ntchentche akuuluka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zaryanka yomwe mungaphunzire pansipa. Javanese phiri zaryanyka - amakhala pachilumba cha Java, Indonesia, Asia Minor. Mbalame imakhala moyo wokhalitsa, chifukwa chosowa kufunika kothawira nyengo yozizira. Pakukongoletsa mitunduyi, mitundu yowala ndiyomwe imapanga. Nthawi zambiri, kum'mwera kumakhala mbalame, zomwe zimawala kwambiri.
- ChiJavanese zaryanyka. Imakhala ndi masentimita 16 kutalika ndi 15-16 magalamu m'thupi. Zomera pafupi ndi dziwe.
- Zaryanka wamtambo wa buluu wamtambo. Ino ndi mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yowala. Kutalika kwa thupi 15-16 cm, kulemera magalamu 16-17. Ziwandazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu ya buluu ndi ya cyan, chifukwa chomwe mbalame imakhala ngati parrot. Mukukhala Africa, Asia, Indonesia.
- Phiri loyera la Zaryanka loyera. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu pakakhala mtundu woyera m'dera la mchira. Amakhala ku Siberia, ku Caucasus. Mitundu yake ndiyofanana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu.
- Zaryanka wam'manja wakuda kapena Ryukyus Nightingale. Amakhala ku Japan, Taiwan, pachilumba cha Ryukyu, m'chigawo cha South China Sea. Chizindikiro cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimapezeka pamutu wakuda ndi brisket. Ryukyu Nightingale ndi amene ali ndi mawu abwino kwambiri. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango.
- Zaryanyka waku Japan. Pamakhala zilumba za Japan ndi zisumbu za Izu. Amakhalanso ku Russia pachilumba cha Sakhalin ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Kuril. Mwa njira, mbalameyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book of Sakhalin ndipo imatetezedwa ndi nkhokwe ya Kurilsky. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi ndi 14 cm, kulemera magalamu 16. Mu mitundu iyi, zithunzi zakugonana zimatchulidwa. Wamphongo ndi mwini wa mtundu wakuda, wam'mimba ndi wabuluu, ndipo chachikazi ndi kamvekedwe ka bulauni, mumtundu wake sakhala wakuda ndi mtundu wabuluu. Zaryanyka yaku Japan ili ndi mitundu ina ingapo. Kusiyana kwawo kumangokhala malo okhala. Mabungwe oyambira kumene amakhala ku Sakhalin Island, kumpoto kwa Japan, kumwera kwa China, komanso ku Rishiri Island. Magulu achiwiri omwe amakhala kuzilumbazi: Yakushima, Tanegashima, zisumbu za Izu. Kusiyana kwamitundu pakati pa masanjidwe sikumawonedwa.
Kodi ndi maloboti amadya
Mbalameyi imadya makamaka tizilombo komanso akangaude, komanso zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso mu nyengo yozizira, imadya zanyumwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, tizilombo timapanga gawo lalikulu la chakudya, ndipo zaryanka amadya mphutsi, nkhono, akangaude, ndi ma invertebrates ena. Amadya zipatso kwambiri (amapanga pafupifupi 60% ya zakudya chaka chonse), zipatso zakuthengo. Mbalame zazing'ono zimadyera tizilombo komanso nyongolotsi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Mbalame Robin
Ma Flycatchers ndi ambiri komanso oimira banja la Passerformes. Asayansi akuyerekezera kuchuluka kwawo kuchokera pa 135 mpaka 335 miliyoni. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ku Europe. Mpaka pano, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza chiwerengero cha anthu. Ngakhale kuti mbalame zimakhala ndi adani angapo munyengo zachilengedwe ndipo zisa zawo nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera, ndipo anapiye amafa, kuchuluka kwawo sikokhazikika.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, maloboti amasungidwa ndikugawidwa ngati ziweto. Kutulutsa mawu, melodic trill ndiye mwayi waukulu komanso mwayi kwa mbalame.Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amasankha chifukwa chokhala osatsekeredwa chifukwa chokhala osungika komanso ochezeka. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbalame zimaswana anapiye kawiri pachaka, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa oimba ndi tsitsi ndikokhazikika. Kunyumba, ndizabwino kwambiri, mbalame zimaberekanso zipatso. Nthawi zina, pamakhala kuchuluka kwakuchulukirapo kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo.
Mbalame za mbalame - Uku ndi kukongola kakang'ono, kuyimba. Iye ndi mwini wa mawu okomedwa komanso wokongola ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kosintha kusinthaku ndi ukoma. Mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa zabwino kwambiri monga ziweto.