Asayansi ochokera kumaiko asanu ndi anayi otsogozedwa ndi Klaus Reinhardt wa ku Dresden University of Technology adasanthula DNA ya mitundu 34 ya nsikidzi zakugona ndipo, potengera nkhanizo, adalemba mtengo wabanja la gulu la tizilombo. Chimodzi mwazomaliza za ntchitoyi chinali chakuti nsikidzi zidawonekera kale kwambiri kuposa momwe amaganizira.

Banja la nsikidzi (Cimicidae) zimaphatikizapo mitundu makumi asanu ndi anayi yomwe imafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Onsewa ndi majeremusi oyamwa magazi. Woimira wawo wodziwika kwambiri, cholowera, ndi cholakwika ndi bedi (Cimex lectularius) Koma ambiri aiwo sakhala parasitic mwa anthu, koma mwa nyama zamtchire ndi mbalame. Amakhulupirira kuti makolo a gulu lonse la nsikidzi anali mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mapanga ndi kumwa magazi a mileme. Koma mu 2008, nthumwi za banja lidapezedwa ku amber ku Burmese Cimicidaeamene amakhala zaka mamiliyoni makumi atatu kale kuposa momwe milendu yoyambirira idawonekera.

Tsopano mbiri yakusinthika kwa banja Cimicidae adaganiza zomveka mwa njira zamtundu. Mwa kusinthasintha kwa masinthidwe, zidapezeka kuti nsikidzi zakugona ndizakale kwambiri, zidawoneka zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo (zotsalira zakale kwambiri za mileme zangokhala zaka 64 miliyoni). Nthawi yomweyo, kholo lanthu lonse la nsikidzi linali kale loyamwa magazi, ngakhale m'mbuyomu asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwawo kwamtundu wamtunduwu kunachitika pambuyo pake.

Asayansi apezanso kuti mizere ya chisinthiko, yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo awiri akuluakulu aanthu omwe ali pakati pa nsikidzi (Cimex lectularius komanso kotentha kotentha C. hemipterus), omwazika zaka 47 miliyoni zapitazo. Izi zikutsutsa malingaliro omwe adanenedwa kale kuti mitundu iwiriyi ya nsikidzi idalekanitsa zaka miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, pomwe makolo amtunduwu Homo sapiens Olekanitsidwa ndi anthu akale - Homo ethous. Tsopano tikuvomera kuti nsikidzi zonse ziwiri zimasinthana ndimagazi a anthu.

Malinga ndi a Klaus Reinhardt, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mitundu iwiri ya nsikidzi yasintha. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi Leptocimex boueti, monga mitundu iwiri yapitayo, m'mbuyomu adadya magazi a mileme.

Nkhani yosangalatsa ya mtundu wachinayi. Klaus Reinhardt adapeza zopeka za nthano za anthu aku India aku Hopi, zomwe zidapangidwa ngakhale asadalumikizane ndi azungu, nkhani ziwiri: "Usiku wa Bedbug Dance" ndi "Woman-Bedbug and Woman-Louse". Adawatsata kuti amwenyewa amadziwika kuti ndi majeremusi opanda ndege omwe amamwa magazi ndipo salinso nsabwe nthawi yomweyo. Ponena za tizilombo, panali mawu apadera akuti pesets'ola. Komabe nsikidzi Cimex lectularius adadziwitsidwa ku Hopi kokha atangofika kumene azungu. Reinhardt adatsimikiza kuti m'nthawi ya Columbian isanachitike kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa USA, mitundu ya North America ya bug idamwa magazi a anthu Haematosiphon inodorus. Tsopano nsikidzi zimadya magazi a nkhuku zapakhomo, komanso kadzidzi, chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, nthawi zina zimaluma anthu, koma izi zimawonedwa mwangozi. Mwambiri, Reinhardt amakhulupirira kuti mtundu watsopano wa nsikidzi umasinthira m'magazi a anthu pafupifupi theka la miliyoni.

Kufotokozera

Thupi la ma thrips limakhala lalitali - kutalika kuchokera pa 0.5 mpaka 14 mm (nthawi zambiri 1-2 mm). Chida cham'kamwa ndi mtundu woboola. Miyendo ya mitundu yambiri ndi yochepa, kuthamanga. Ma paws ali ndi dzino komanso chida chovutikira.

Pachitukuko chake, magawo otsatirawa amadutsa: dzira, mphutsi, expressionimfa, nymph, imago. Nthawi zina amachulukitsa. Mphutsi ndi nymphs ali ndi mibadwo ingapo. Kukula mwachangu. Amatha kupereka mpaka mibadwo 15 pachaka.

Ma thrips ali ndi awiriawiri a mapiko opapatiza okhala ndi mphonje m'mphepete (motero dzina lachitatu) ndi malo ofooka. Zimawuluka bwino, mumtundu wina mapiko amafupikitsidwa kapena kulibe. Pobwerera, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osawoneka bwino, ma pops ndi ma flaps, pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osasunthika okhala ndi ma vortices osunthika pafupi ndi mapiko. Dzinalo la Dongosolo la Thysanoptera lili ndi mawu achi Greek akale θύσανος (tisanos, "Tassel kapena fringe"), ndi (pteron, "Mapiko").

Mtengo

Ma thrips amadziwika ndi chakudya chapadera. Maluwa ambiri amakhala pamaluwa azomera ndipo amadya zipatso zake, zomwe sizimakonda kwambiri ma buluku kapena bowa. Tizilombo ta mbewu zamkati ndi maluwa zamaluwa. Mu agronomy, mitundu yambiri ya kupindika imawonedwa ngati tizirombo ta mbewu. Kuponyera kwina ndi zinthu zoopsa zokhazokha. Mitundu ingapo imakhala ndi ma virus oposa 20 omwe amayambitsa matenda a chomera, makamaka tropoviruses. Ma thrips amatha kulowa m'nyumba ndikuwononga zinthu monga mipando, zofunda ndi oyang'anira makompyuta - pamapeto pake, ndikupita pakati pa LCD ndi galasi lake.

Palinso zoponya zodyera. Mitundu ya genus Ma Aelotrips kudyetsa mazira ndi mphutsi za herbivorous thrips. Mitundu ya genus Scolotrips kudya chakudya cha kangaude. Mitunduyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulogalamu yoteteza zachilengedwe kwa mbewu zobzalidwa. Mitundu ina ya kupindika imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakusindikiza kwa maluwa.

Gulu

Ma thrips adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1744 ngati mtundu Thupi Karl de Geer, ndipo adasinthidwa Zopatsa Wachilengedwe waku Sweden wachilengedwe Carl Linnaeus mu 1758. Mu 1836, katswiri wazamaphunziro ku Chingerezi Alexander Holiday adakweza msonkho wawo mpaka kufika pachimake, ndipo adasinthanso dzina Thysanoptera. Chithunzi chojambula choyamba pa ma thrips chinafalitsidwa mu 1895 ndi Heinrich Uzel, amene amadziwika kuti ndiye tate wa kafukufukuyu.

Malinga ndi deta ya 2013, mitundu 6091 imafotokozedwa, kuphatikizapo mitundu 153 ya zolengedwa, kuphatikiza mitundu yoposa zana imodzi. M'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR, mitundu yopitilira 300 imadziwika, ku Russia mitundu 200.

Nsikidzi zapa prehistoric

Nsikidzi zakugona ndizoyala zazitali za dziko lathuli. Ku China, asayansi adapeza mabwinja a magazi omwe amakhala zaka zoposa 120 miliyoni zapitazo. Zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'miyaluzi zimafotokoza kuti chakudya chawo chachikulu m'masiku a prehistoric analinso magazi. Tizilombo touluka timadya bwino kwambiri ma dinosaurs mpaka iwo atangofa ndipo magulu a mileme amabwera.

Mapanga amtundu wabwino wokhala ndi kutentha kosakhazikika komanso chakudya chochuluka adasangalatsa tizilombo. Kunali komweko, malinga ndi asayansi, mileme "adagawana" majeremusi oyamwa magazi ndi makolo athu. Anthu onga mbewa anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito m'mapanga ngati pothaŵirapo kwa adani ndi nyengo yoopsa. Ma nsikidzi anasangalala kwambiri ndi "anyamatawa" kotero kuti mpaka pano ndiopatukana ndi anthu. Zimbudzi zakale sizimasiyana ndi zamakono, kusiyana kumangokhala pakukhazikika komwe kulipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziphe zomwe munthu adagwiritsa ntchito kuthana nazo.

Nsikidzi Zakale

Mikhalidwe yonse yamavuto yakale yopanda ukhondo inathandizira kupanga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kusamba panthawiyi kunali kwamanyazi komanso zovulaza: anthu amakhulupirira kuti matenda amatsamira khungu loyera. Anatha kuthana ndi zosowa kulikonse komwe kunalifunika, ndipo ziguduli ndi ndowe zinatsanulidwa mumsewu kudzera pazenera, pazifukwa izi zipewa zazing'onoting'ono zinayamba. Bedbug inali imodzi mwazilombo zomwe zinali zofala kwambiri panthawiyi, zinali paliponse: m'nyumba, nyumba zachifumu, nyumba zachifumu, osasamala momwe mwiniwake alili. Ngakhale mfumu yachiFrance, Louis XIV, idwala matenda osowa tulo chifukwa cha nsikidzi.

Nsikidzi zinakhudzanso chikhalidwe cha ku Europe. Anthu adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma canopies omwe amateteza munthu ogona ku tizilombo tochepa kuchokera padenga. Mipando ya Mahogany idatchuka, pomwe ma bugi opondaponda sanawonekere.

Pogwira ntchito ya Sun King Louis XIV, mizimu yomwe ili ndi cholinga ziwiri ikuwonekera ku Europe - kuti ichotsere kununkhira kochokera kwa ena, komanso kuwopseza owononga magazi. Polemekeza nsikidzi, zonunkhira zidatchedwa dzina - coriander, chifukwa cha fungo lomweli.

Ankavutika ndi nsikidzi mosasamala, popeza mu Europe wakale kuti adyetse okha nsabwe ndi nsikidzi amadziwika kuti ndi "Mkristu". Ndipo iwo omwe anali osiyana lingaliro, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa maluwa owuma a chamomile omwe ali ndi poyizoni wakufa wazilombo zilizonse - pyrethrin.

Ogwira bwino ntchito polimbana ndi majeremusi adziwonetsa zida zoyaka - nsikidzi. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi samovar yoyaka nkhuni yokhala ndi mtunda wautali komanso wowonda kumtunda, chifukwa cha zomwe zidatheka kukonza malo ovuta ndi ndege yanthivu. Chipangizochi chinali chithunzi cha chitsulo chamakono. Iwo omwe sanafune kusokonezeka ndi wophika anangotenga madzi otentha ndikuwadzaza ndi matumba a tizilombo. Ku Russia, limodzi ndi njirazi, chiwembu cha nsikidzi chinali chotchuka.

Nsikidzi zamakono

Pokhudzana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo kwa zaka zoyambirira za zana la 20 komanso kutuluka kwa mankhwala atsopano a poizoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo, kufalikira kwa nsikidzi m'maiko otukuka kwatsika kwambiri. Kupepuka kwa mipangidwe ya mipando, kupangidwa kwa kotsuka komanso kutengera mphamvu zachilengedwe zimathandizanso. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timangopezeka pakati pa anthu osawuka ndi mayiko otukuka.

Chilichonse chidasintha pambuyo pa 1980, pomwe adayamba kujambula kufalikira kwamatenda akulu ndi nsikidzi m'mizinda yayikulu ku United States ndi England. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera kumayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene, komanso kusakhazikika kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mpaka pano, vuto la nsikidzi zakunyumba ndilofunika kwambiri kuposa kale!

Kuwoneka kwa zoponya

Kutupa ndi kuthana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timayamwa pang'onopang'ono zida zam'kamwa ndi maso akulu. Mtundu wa kupindika ndi bulauni, tinyanga ta chikasu. Akuluakulu kutalika kwake amafikira mamilimita 6, koma, monga lamulo, nthumwi zoyimira sizidutsa 1 millimeter.

Mutu wa mikwingwirima umakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: mphumi ikuwonekeranso kumbuyo, ndipo chifukwa chakuti milomo yotsika imakhala yopunthikana, mutu umakhala mawonekedwe a chulu. Mitundu yambiri yoponya alibe mapiko.

Ma thrips amadziwika kuti ndi makolo a nsikidzi zonse.

Tizilombo timeneti tikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha kugonana - zazimayi zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Komanso, amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala osiyana mitundu. Ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala zochitika zomwe m'modzi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi mapiko amakhala atakhazikika mapiko kapena palibe.

Tizilomboti timatchedwa "bubbly," chifukwa pamakhala ma thonje omwe amakhala ndi nthabwala pamiyendo yawo pakati pa zopondera. Minofu yapadera yolumikizidwa ndi kapu yotsekera, ndikuidzaza ndimadzimadzi ndikupanga thumba. Chifukwa cha zikho izi zoyamwa, zopindika zimayenda mosavuta kudzera muzomera.

Kupindika kumakhala ndi mapiko opendekera ndi mphonje.

Mu mitundu yamapiko ya kupindika, mapikowo ndiotalika komanso opapatiza. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala malire ndi ubweya wonyezimira, motero kupindika kumatchedwanso "mapiko ogwedera." Palibe mapiko m'mapiko.

Moyo wopambana

Mitundu ina ya michere imangoyenda mwachangu pa mbewu, koma imatha kudumpha ndikuwuluka, pomwe, monga mabulosi, imakhala yonyansa pamimba yawo. Koma mitundu ya mapiko imawuluka moyipa, ngati iuluka, ndiye kuti imera. Mapiko awo osakhazikika samawalola kupanga maulendo akutali.

Mapiko oponya bwino samapangika bwino.

Koma pali chosiyana - kuponyera mkate, kuwuluka kuchokera kumunda wina kupita kwina mumitambo yonse.

Ma thrips amadziwika ndi kusintha kosakwanira, koma mosiyanasiyana - ali ndi gawo lopumulirako, monga pupa, ndipo pali gawo limodzi monga lotere.

Mphutsi ndi mbozi zimapindika.

Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo timene timapezeka pamaluwa. Amadyera mungu ndipo amadya masamba. Mitundu ina yoyamwitsa, ndipo mitundu ina imakonda kudya: imagwira nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, monga nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi mitundu ina ya kuponyera.

Mtanda umakhala padziko lonse lapansi, umapeza nyumba kulikonse komwe kuli masamba.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kutetemera: Maonekedwe a Tizilombo

Kuti muthane ndi ma thrips, muyenera kuyang'anira maonekedwe awo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, motero nkovuta kuwasokoneza ndi tizirombo tina. Kudziwa momwe mungakhalire kumathandizira kuwunika bwino vutoli ndikusankha njira zoyenera zowonongera kuponyera.

Kupitilira kufalikira

Chifukwa chakupulumuka kwake, tizilombo timakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mikhalidwe ya Habitat imangotengera kukula kwa tizilombo komanso kuthekera kwake polekerera nyengo zoyipa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yopambanayi yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha imatha kufika 14 mm. M'madera ena, tizilombo siziposa 2 mm. Komanso, mosasamala kanthu za malo okhala, zopunthwitsa zonse zimakonda chinyezi chambiri.

Pa gawo lakale la Soviet Union pali mitundu yopitilira 300 yoponya.

Mitundu yowopsa kwambiri imaponya

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu ya 2000 yamtundu wa mitundu yopitilira 100. Si onse omwe amatha kuyambitsa zowonongeka zazikulu. Komabe, mitundu ina imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kumabizinesi azilimo, minda yazipatso ndi minda yamasamba.

Ganizirani za mitundu yoopsa kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo kuphatikizidwa kwapadera.

Fodya woponyera (Thrips tabaci)

Fodya woponyera (Thrips tabaci), chithunzi

Utoto umakhala wosiyanasiyana, koma mawonekedwe owala ali ponseponse. Kutalika kwa thupi osapitirira 1.3 mm. Picky, imaberekanso mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhazikika pa maambulera ndi nightshade mbewu, amawononga mbewu zamasamba ndi fodya. Imapezeka zachilengedwe kumwera kwa Russia, Ukraine, ndi Central Asia.Chimakonda kutentha, motero sichipezeka kawirikawiri kunja kwa greenhouse ndi greenhouse.

Omni-nkhonya (Frankliniella intonsa)

Zosiyanasiyana (Chithunzi cha Frankliniella intonsa), chithunzi

Imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka 1.2 mm. Imawononga pafupifupi chomera chilichonse. Akazi amtunduwu amabisa mazira mkati mwa zimayambira, kotero kupeza ndi kuwawononga ndikovuta. Tizilombo timawononga ma inflorescence ndikupanga thumba losunga mazira. Amavulaza masamba, zipatso, mabulosi ndi mbewu zokongoletsera.

Kukongoletsa kosangalatsa (Hercinotrips femoralis)

Zoponya zokongoletsera (Hercinotrips femoralis), chithunzi

Ndiwotentha kwambiri, osasinthidwa ndi kutentha kochepa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pazomera zamkati kapena wowonjezera kutentha: orchid, dracaena, bustani, cactus, chrysanthemum, croton, coleus, begonia, calla ndi kanjedza. Ili ndi thupi lofiirira, lomwe kutalika kwake ndi 1.7 mm. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, sizikhala ndi moyo wobisika. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yabwino komanso yozizira pang'ono, mtunduwu umapezeka m'malo otsekedwa.

Wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici)

Wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici), chithunzi

Itha kudya pafupifupi chomera chilichonse, koma chimakonda tirigu: barele, rye, oats, buckwheat, fodya, thonje ndi chimanga. Nthawi zina nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatha kuwonekera pa udzu wobzala. Kutalika kwa chikazi ndi 2,5 mm. Utoto kuchokera pakubowola mpaka kukhala wakuda. Mapiko amakhala owala nthawi zonse. Amaponya tirigu nthawi yayitali kuposa abale awo, koma amakhala otsika. Amakhala ku Europe, Siberia, Kazakhstan, North Africa, Asia Minor ndi Central Asia.

Dracene kuponya (Parthenothrips dracaenae)

Dracene thrips (Parthenothrips dracaenae), chithunzi

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1.2 mm. Mtundu wachikazi ndi wachikasu, abambo ndi opepuka. Amakhala makamaka pazomera zokongoletsera: hibiscus, aralia, ficus, aroid komanso mbewu zanyanja. Simalola kutentha kochepa, komwe limapezeka m'malo achilengedwe m'malo otentha komanso otentha. M'malo ozizira, amakhala m'malo otsekedwa.

Maluwa aku Western kapena masamba aku California (Frankliniella occidentallis)

Maluwa aku Western kapena masamba aku California (Frankliniella occidentallis), chithunzi

Imagawidwa kwambiri ndikudya zakudya zambiri: tsabola, anyezi, phwetekere, mphesa, nkhaka, sitiroberi wamtchire, pichesi, duwa, chamomile, gerbera, cyclamen, chrysanthemum, senpolia, cineraria, etc. Kutalika kwa thupi - 1 mm. Masipuni sapita nthawi yozizira, kuti nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonedwa mu greenj m'nyumba ndi greenh m'nyumba. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wofiyira, wowirikiza, wopanda chizindikiro. Ndionyamula kachilombo ka phwetekere, kamene kamapereka masamba a tomato mtundu wamkuwa.

Rosy thrips (Kutaya fuscipennis)

Chithunzi cha Rosy (Thrips fuscipennis), chithunzi

Kutalika kwa kachiromboka ndi 1 mm. Utoto wake ndi wonyezimira, nthawi zambiri wamdima. Amadyera pamadzi ambiri, koma amakonda rosaceae. Imalekerera nthawi yachisanu bwino, motero, imapezeka ponse paliponse komanso yotseka.

Mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Amatha kulowa m'nyumba ya anthu pogula mbewu zatsopano. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imakonda kuthengo, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotetezedwa ndi mbewu zamunda.

Chifukwa chiyani kuponyera kowopsa?

Izi tizilombo amatha kuwononga mbewu zambiri. Amadya msuzi, ndikuwononga kwambiri mawotchi: m'malo akumwa, owoneka achikasu mawanga, mikwingwirima ndi mabowo amawoneka. Popita nthawi, masamba amayamba kuzimiririka ndikugwa.

Kutupa kumavulaza masamba ndi maluwa (mitundu yambiri imatha kudya mungu), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa otayirira okongoletsa azikhala osilira. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kupindika, mbewuyo imachepera kwambiri mu kukula ndipo singathe kubereka.

Zotulutsa kuchokera ku arthropod iyi zitha kukhalanso pachiopsezo chobzala. Pakapita kanthawi, dothi limasandulika kukhala chiphokoso, ma siliva a siliva akuwonekera. Izi zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa photosynthesis. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timanyamula mndandanda wonse wamatenda owopsa kuzomera zomwe zingayambitse kufa kwa chomera.

Kodi kuthana ndi kupindika?

Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchotsa zopondera, chifukwa zimachulukana mwachangu komanso zimabisala. Njira zambiri ndizopanda ntchito pa mazira ndi ma nymph, chifukwa zimakhala ndi zophimba zoteteza, motero chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitika mwanjira yowononga anthu akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zokha zomwe zimakondwera mazira. Zithandizo zina zimatha kukulitsa vuto la mbewuyo ngati zitagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.

Ngati mbewu zapezeka pamtengo, ndikofunika kupenda mosamala malo obzala oyandikana nawo, chifukwa tizirombo timatha kusunthidwa kuchoka pamtengo wina kupita kwina.

Ngati ndi kotheka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa kutali ndi zathanzi kuti tipewe matenda.

Malo omwe mbewuzo zinali zikutsukidwa. Ngati tikulankhula za malo otseguka, ndiye kuti dothi lakumwamba liyenera kuchotsedwa.

Pamaso chithandizo ndi mankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsuka chomera mu shawa kuti muchotse tizirombo. Pambuyo muyenera kupita ku matenda a kachilombo matenda.

Mankhwala oletsa kuponyera

Mwambiri, osamalira mundawo amakakamizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndi mankhwala okha omwe amatha kulimbana ndi magulu akuluakulu. Komabe, zinthu ngati izi zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa anthu, ziweto, zomera ndi njuchi, chifukwa chake, mukazigwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kutsatira malangizowo.

Pansipa tiwona mankhwala ena omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi nsabwe.

Fitoverm

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aversectin C. Zowonjezera pamtunduwu zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Fitoverm ndiyosiyana chifukwa samayambitsa chiwopsezo ku njuchi (gulu lowopsa 3). Kwa anthu, malonda ake ndi oopsa (gulu lowopsa 3). Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanakolole - kudikira nthawi 1-3 masiku. Zoyipa zamankhwala ndizokwera mtengo.

Zithandizo za anthu zimatha kupindika

Mwambiri, njira iyi siyothandiza. Koma ngati chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa, njira za wowerengeka zimatha kuthana ndi tizilombo toopsa popanda kuvulaza mbewu, njuchi ndi anthu.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kupindika, ma tulo osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu za kachilombo. Maphikidwe a ena mwa iwo aperekedwa pansipa.

Chamomile kulowetsedwa

Pokonzekera kulowetsedwa, chamomile wamba wachipatala ndi woyenera. Muyenera kuwonjezera 100 ga chamomile mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kukakamira kwa maola osachepera 12.

Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa, mutha kuwonjezera 5 g ya sopo yosalala.

Fodya kulowetsedwa

Sakanizani makapu 0,5 a fodya wowuma kapena fumbi la fodya ndi 1 lita imodzi yamadzi. Chokani tsiku limodzi. Onjezerani 1 lita imodzi yamadzi, sakanizani.

Anyezi ndi / kapena kulowetsedwa kwa adyo

Kukonzekera tincture muyenera kutenga 1 tsp. anyezi osankhidwa ndi / kapena adyo, sakanizani ndi kapu yamadzi. Chokani tsiku limodzi. Zovuta.

Zomera zothandizirana zitha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya utsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapira a thonje. Ndikofunika kulabadira kulanda: chotsani pamwamba komanso kutsanulira tincture wosankhidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, sibwino kubisa nthaka ndi zojambulazo, chifukwa izi zitha kuvulaza mizu ya mbewu.

Kuteteza kwa Thrips

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupewa tizirombo tina ndikuyang'ana mbewu tsiku lililonse. Izi zili choncho makamaka kwa mbewu zofooka komanso zazing'ono. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa malo obzala omwe amakhala pamtunda wotentha (m'malo obiriwira, malo obiriwira kapena nyumba zotentha).

Ma thrips amakonda chinyezi chotsika, motero muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe owuma mopitirira muyeso m'malo obiriwira. Zomera zamkati zimatha kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndikukhazikitsa chinyontho mu chipindacho.

Kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera mfuti yolumikizira kumathandizanso kuteteza masitepe kuti asapatsidwe. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsuka zobzala zamkati kamodzi pamwezi pakusamba kuti muchotse fumbi, komanso tizirombo tina tonse.

Pakati pazomera, mutha kupachika misampha ya guluu, nthonje za ntchentche ndizoyenera. Mutha kudulanso mapepala achikasu kapena abuluu ndikuwaphimba ndi zomatira. Misampha imathandizira kuchepetsa tizirombo ndikuwona ngati ilipo.

Mkati mwanyumbayo, ma thrips amapeza njira imodzi yokha - kudzera muzomera zatsopano. Chifukwa chake, pogula, muyenera kupenda mosamala kunsi kwa pepalalo. Zomera zonse zimayenera kukhala kwaokha (1 mpaka 2 milungu). Izi zikuthandizirani kuzindikira tizilombo komanso kuteteza mbewu zomwe zabzala zina zonse.