Banja lomwe lili ndi nyenyezi ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 32 ndipo ochepa okha ndiomwe ali ndi milomo ya chikasu pamlingo wina kapena wina.

Njati yokhala ndi chikasu
Dzinalo limadziyimira lokha: mulomo wake wolimba umakhala wachikuda nthawi zonse, ndipo gawo lakumwambalo limapukusidwa pang'ono pang'ono. Monga lamulo, mbalame yotere imakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 21, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera magalamu 55-69. Zosefukira zonse zagawika m'magawo achikuda: mutu ndi wakuda bii, pamwamba pamimba ndi woderapo, gawo la mchira ndilopepuka, kumtunda kwa chifuwa ndi kuwala bulauni, ndipo mbali yam'mimba imayimiriridwa mumitundu yosakanikirana ndi golide wachikaso ndi mtundu wachikasu. Kudera la Russia, nyenyezi zokhala ndi chikasu sizikupezeka, m'malo mwake ndi nzika za Africa ndi Sinegal.

Gray nyenyezi
Mitundu yotsatira - yokhala ndi imvi - imakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi dzina lake pamimba ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba, koma pamutu, kuwonjezera pa nthenga zakuda, zoyera zimapezekanso. Ali ndi mlomo wachikasu wa lalanje wokhala ndi malekezero amdima. Akazi achikulire ndi opepuka kuposa amuna amtunduwu.

Wamba nyenyezi
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndiyomwe ili ndi nyenyezi wamba, imadziwika bwino ngati spar, yomwe ndiyochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi 18-16 sentimita, koma kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 75. Nyenyezi wamba ili ndi mlomo wautali wopindika, koma wopanda mphamvu kwambiri. Pankhani ya mulomo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mulomo wofiyira wakuda umakhala wachikasu pokhapokha pakubala.

Njira yoyera
Nyenyezi zokhala ndi nyenyezi zokhala ku Sri Lanka, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa India, Himalaya. Maonekedwe ake ndi owala bwino: utoto wake ndi wakuda kwathunthu, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu pali zikwangwani zachikaso zowoneka bwino zachikopa, miyendo ndi mulomo komanso wamtundu wa mandimu. Kukula kwa njirazo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Amadya zipatso ndi tizilombo tonse tonse.

Zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa nyengo

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumawonekeranso mu mtundu wa mulomo wa nyenyezi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yamasika, mulomo wamphongo wamphongo umakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, pomwe ukazi umakhala wonyezimira. M'nyengo yotentha yonse, mtundu wachikasu wowala bwino wamphongo umasungidwa, koma pofika nthawi yophukira imakhala yofiirira. Ndi nyengo yachisanu ikamayamba, imayamba kuwala pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira imabwerera ku utoto wachikasu wachikasu. Kusintha kwa nyengo kumaonekera osati mu mtundu wa mulomo, komanso mtundu wa pulamu palokha. Chifukwa chakuti Starlings molt ndi nthenga zatsopano zimamera ndi mawanga oyera m'mphepete, m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira zimawoneka zoyera chifukwa cha utoto wa nthenga, koma pofika masika amabwerera kale mtundu wawo wakuda.

Ndizodziwika bwino kwa onse okhala m'midzi ndi m'midzi, makamaka m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango, komanso nthawi zonse amakhala anthu otawuni. Monga lamulo, amuna anzeru, abambo akuda-akuda, amakopa chidwi chathu, ndipo akazi owoneka bwino nthawi zambiri sawayang'ana.
Habitat. Kugawidwa ku Europe, Asia ndi North Africa.

Habitat.
Mtundu wakuda umasinthidwa bwino ndi moyo m'malo osiyanasiyana. M'mbuyomu, anali wokhalamo m'nkhalango zowirira, koma kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwamukakamiza kuti ayang'anenso momwe amaonera moyo, ndipo tsopano amawopa mopanda mantha m'mapaki ndi m'minda mdziko lonse la Europe, akumakhutira ndi malo owerengeka obiriwira mitengo mkati mwa mizinda yayikulu. Komanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame zakuda pano zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu ndizochuluka kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zinkakhala m'nkhalango kale.

Mitundu: Blackbird - Turdus merula.
Banja: Tsitsi.
Dongosolo: Mpheta.
Kalasi: Mbalame.
Subtype: Vertebrates.

• Ndikosatheka kusokoneza akuda m'malo awo obisalamo nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kusokonekera kwa mphamvu zawo zosalimba. Mbalame zamantha zimawuluka kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano, ndipo, kuwononga mphamvu yamtengo wapatali pa izi, nthawi zambiri zimapereka moyo wawo chifukwa chonyalanyaza.
• Ngati pakati pa Okutobala thupi la akuda ndi 93 g, ndiye kuti mu Novembala ndi 103 g, ndipo mu February amatsika mpaka 88 g.
• Blackbird ndi katswiri wodziwa kutsanzira mawu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa nyimbo yake yolira ndi azungu omwe eni ake amawaitanira kuti agalu, kake kakapangidwe ka mabuleki agalimoto, likhweru la ketulo kapena mafoni.
• Mwa mitundu yakuda, maalubino amapezeka, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizinda. M'mizinda yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, pomwe gawo la nyama zomwe zimadya mwachilengedwe zimachepetsedwa, mbalame zokhala ndi zowala zambiri zimatha kubereka ndikupatsirana mitundu yosinthidwa kwa iyo.
• Munthawi yakuda yakuda, pamakhala kuyanjana kwamphamvu pakati pamagulu amtengwi ndi mbalame zokhazikika. Mikwingwirima yokhazikika imafa nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira, koma omwe adapulumuka amaweta anapiye ambiri. Mosakhalitsa, zisanu zosamukasamuka zimapulumuka nyengo yozizira osataya kwambiri, koma osabala ana ambiri.

Kubalana.
Mtundu wakuda, monga lamulo, umayika chisa chake chokhala ndi chikho chachikulu ngati mafoloko a mitengo, zokutira zokhala ndi mipanda, ming'alu m'mipanda yakale kapena mitengo yamatabwa, ndipo m'mizinda amakhala mokhazikika pamakhonde ndi m'mphepete mwa nyumba, m'mabwalo ndi m'mitengo yazomera. Mwiniyo amadula chisa kuchokera ku udzu wouma ndi mizu kuchokera mkati ndi dongo losakanizika ndi zidutswa za moss, ndipo pansi pake pali laza louma. Amayi okongola a nkhalango amapanga koyamba kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, komanso okhala m'mizinda - kumapeto kwa Marichi. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimachokera ku 4 mpaka 7, mtunduwo ndi wowoneka buluu wokhala ndi madontho a bulauni. Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi ndi yekhayo amene amasuntha kwa masiku 14. Anapiana oswedwa amakhalabe mu chisa kwa milungu iwiri osamalira makolo awo, omwe samawachotsa ndi nyama zazing'ono zopanda kanthu. Pokhala mutaphunzira pang'ono kuuluka, achinyamata amatuluka chisa, koma ndikusamalidwa ndi makolo kwa milungu inanso itatu ndikukhala pafupi ndi nyumba yawo, ngakhale mbalame zachikulire zitakhala kale ndi nkhawa za ana ena.

Moyo.
Mbidzi zakuda zakudula m'nkhalango ndi zina mwa mbalame zosamukira ndipo m'dzinja zimapita nthawi yozizira nyengo zotentha. Malamulo akumatawuni, mwachizolowezi, amakhala moyo wongokhala, ngakhale ambiri aiwo amawona kukhala dala kukhala nthawi yachisanu nyengo yotentha yakumwera. Kubwerera kumalo osungirako zogona mu kasupe, amphaka amalengeza zozungulira ndi nyimbo za meloric melodic. Madzulo madzulo, timasangalatsa makutu athu ndi mawu ofunikira omwe amawoneka ngati mawu achisoni a chitoliro, ndipo nthawi zina amawasungunula ndi mawu akuthwa, akumva phokoso la mzinda waukulu. Zakudya za nsapato zakuda ndizabwino komanso zosiyanasiyana. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, amasaka nyama zazing'ono zopanda chilala, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira kuti azidzala zakudya, kudya sitiroberi, othandizira, yamatcheri, phulusa lamapiri, mapulosi akuluakulu, blackthorn ndi privet ndi chidwi chapadera. M'dzinja, mbalame zimadya kwambiri kuti zizipeza mafuta okwanira nthawi yachisanu. Pamasiku achisanu, kumakhala chisanu m'malo otetezedwa amayesa kupulumutsa mphamvu, pokhala ndi ming'alu yambiri, kukhala mumakona otetezedwa ndi mphepo: kamphepo kamtunda kamtunda pakati pa nthenga zimawapulumutsa kuzizira.

Blackbird - Turdus merula
Kutalika kwa thupi: 24-25 cm.
Wingspan: 34-38.5 cm.
Kulemera: 88-100 g.
Kubalanso: ovipositing.
Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch: 4-7.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe: masiku 14.
Chiwerengero cha ana nthawi imodzi: 2-3.
Chakudya: ma invertebrates ochepa, zipatso, zipatso.

Chachikazi
Misozi yamaso. Maso ali ndi malire ndi mphete zachikasu za lalanje.
Mlomo. Pansi pa nsagwada ya m'munsi, mulomo wamkazi umakhala wachikasu.
Mapaundi. Kumbuyo, maula ndi a bulauni, mbali yamkatiyo ndiyotupa.
Mitundu. Pakhosi lopepuka, banga lakuda ndikuwonekera.

Amuna.
Mlomo. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mlomo wofiirira wofiirira wonse.
Mapaundi. Zowola zazimuna ndi zakuda, zonyezimira.
Miyendo. Miyendo ndi yofiirira, miyendo yokutidwa ndi nthenga zazifupi.
Zala. Zala zake ndizitali komanso zoonda. Atatu aiwo alunjikitsidwa kutsogolo, m'modzi - kumbuyo.

Mitundu yofananira.
Mtundu wakuda ndi wa banja lakuda, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ndi zida zodziwika bwino za mbalame monga nightingale ndi birdbird. Mitundu ina ya banja ili imasamukira nyengo zina, ina imangokhala. Mbalame zokhazikika nthawi zambiri zimakhala magulu awiriawiri.

Ndinayamba kuwombera zovala zakuda ndikudaikira kwambiri, ngakhale ndinali nditakhala zaka zambiri ndikujambula zithunzi za mbalame zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zakuda, ngakhale mitundu ina. Ndimaganiza kuti chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wakuda, vuto lalikulu lowunikira lingabuke komanso kuti kuwombera mbalame zochenjera komanso zamanyazi chifukwa cha zizolowezi zawo zitha kukhala zopanda chidwi komanso zopanda phindu. Ndidayenera kuyesa kuyatsa, ndipo kukayikira kwina konse kunathetsedwa: kuwonera akuda atawombera nthawi yayitali, ndinawapeza kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri komanso ngakhale kudabwitsa katswiri wazachipembedzo wazambiri.

Malo okhala

Nyimbo siwopusa kwenikweni potengera malo omwe mungakhazikikeko, ndipo mtundu wa nkhalango sizimamukhudza kwenikweni. Koma malo okhala nesting amapezeka pafupi ndi tchire la juniper, kapena pafupi ndi mitengo yaying'ono yamipanda.

Gawo la Russia, nyimbo zimasangalatsa chisa kulikonse komwe kuli nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matanthwe. Pa East European Plain komanso mu sub-taiga, pali anthu 3,000, ndipo taiga - pafupifupi 7,000.

Chachisanu mwa mbalame zonse izi zimakhazikika m'nkhalango zowola - pafupifupi 2,000 anthu. Mpaka posachedwa, mbalame za nyimbo zimakonda kukhala m'malo omwe kulibe anthu.

Koma tsopano amatha kuwoneka ngakhale m'mapaki amizinda. Pomwe izi zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri ku Western Europe. Mchigawo cha Moscow, gawo la ku Europe la Russia ndi Urals, zovala za nyimbo zimapezeka kumayambiriro kwamasika.

Kuuluka kwake ndi kowopsa komanso molunjika. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona nthenga zokhala ndi ma-ocher - mapiko oterowo kuchokera mkati mwa thrush. Mutha kufotokozera kuti mbalameyo ndi yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi mawanga owoneka bwino pamapiko ndi pamimba.

Mtundu wakuda kudziwika chifukwa cha kusamala kwake. Izi zimakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, Asia, kumwera kwa China komanso nkhalango zaku Europe. Ngakhale kuti amachita zinsinsi, lero akupezeka m'mizinda.

Blackbird ndi mbalame yosamala kwambiri komanso yamanyazi

Nthawi zambiri awa ndi manda, mapaki, misewu yochepera. Koma zimachitikanso kuti akuda amamanga zisa ngakhale m'miphika ya maluwa ndi makonde. Amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyana kwambiri. Akazi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtundu, pomwe amwewa ndi akuda ndi mbewa wowala wachikasu.

Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi nyama yofiyira makamaka ku Asia ndi kumpoto kwa Europe. Nyengo yachisanu imawulukira kumwera. M'mbuyomu ku Russia, zinali zosowa, ndipo zikachulukana, nthawi zambiri zinali zazikulu komanso zosayembekezeka.

Mu chithunzi, wakuda

Mu 1901, mu paki pafupi ndi St. Petersburg, kunachitika mwadzidzidzi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ofiira. Popita nthawi, adazika mizu komweko nayamba kugona chaka chilichonse. Tsopano mtunduwu umapezeka kulikonse ku Russia, popanda khama pangani chithunzi.

Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti sizimawopa konse kuzizira. Amakhala chisa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi. Mbalamezi zimakonda malo owala, makamaka nkhalango zachilengedwe za birch. Amadutsa m'nkhalango zowongoka. Ku Karelia, amakonza zisa pakati pa zitsamba za m'miyala. Belobrovik ndi wopanda ulemu ndipo amadziwa bwino magawo atsopano.

Fieldbird thrush imapezeka ku Europe konse ndi Siberia. Kusamukira kumachitika pokhapokha nthawi yozizira yopita ku North Africa, Caucasus, Kashmir, Southern Europe ndi Central Asia. Mutu wammunda wopaka utoto utoto wakuda. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, kopepuka pang'ono kuposa mchira ndi mapiko. Chifuwa ndi chofiyira, chili ndi mawanga amdima.

Pukusani Fieldberry

Zochita ndi moyo

Kutengera ndi malongosoledwe, mbalame monga mbalame zakuda ndizobiriwira komanso mbalame zosakhazikika ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Mulimonsemo, mbalameyo imayamba kupsinjika, ndipo kambukuyo imayamba kufuula nthawi zambiri. Pamalo abata, phokoso limakhala phee komanso bata, anthu nthawi zambiri sawadziwa.

Ngakhale kuti kupulumuka ndi mbalame zosamukira, sikuti nthawi zambiri amathamangira kuthawa, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhalanso nthawi yozizira chaka chokolola komanso nyengo yozizira. Komanso, mbalame zakuda zina zimauluka nthawi yozizira zokha, zikumenyera pake.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi kubala ana zisa, zomwe zimamangidwa munthambi za mitengo ndi stumps, nthawi zina ngakhale pansi, ngati palibe adani mdera loyandikira.

Tcherani khutu!

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Makina akuda ndi mbalame zabwino, zakudya zawo zimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo komanso malo okhala. Munthawi yotentha, mitunduyi imayandikira pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, minda ndi minda yakhitchini, yomwe nthawi zina imakhala mutu waukulu kwa eni, omwe ataya gawo lalikulu la mbewu.

Mankhwala amadyera nthangala, zipatso za rose, nyumbu, mapiri, zipatso za mtondo, mphutsi, tizilombo tina ndi mphutsi zake, nkhono, ndi zipatso, monga ma cherries, sitiroberi, yamatcheri, honeysuckles, amathanso kudyedwa.

Mitundu ya zokondweretsa

Ku Russia, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makulidwe awo ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'onozi zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Ndipo kuti mudziwe mbalameyi pamisonkhano, ndikokwanira kudziwa tanthauzo ndi zithunzi zokongola.

Belobrovik

Izi zimatchedwa kuti beaver thrush kapena mtedza. Mtunduwu udatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha nthenga zachikasu zapamwamba pamaso, zomwe zimapanga "nsidze". Mbalamezi zimakhala zowala bwino ndi nthenga zofiira komanso zachikaso.

Mtunduwu umakhala kumpoto kwa Europe ndi Asia; nthawi yozizira imazungulira kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Africa.

Mtundu wakuda

Dzinalo la mtunduwu limadzilankhulira lokha. Zambiri mwa mbalame zimakhala zakuda kwathunthu, zokhala ndi magawo ofiira komanso mulomo wowala. Koma motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa amuna amphala amphaka, zazikazi zimawoneka motley mosadukiza.

Akamaoda akuda ndi mbalame zosamala kwambiri, amakonda kukhala okha ndipo amakonda kukhazikika patali ndi mitundu yawo. Mtunduwu umakhala ku Europe komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Imakunda chisa chambiri pamakona a mitengo, kapena pafupi ndi nthaka yomwe.

Blackbird amadziwikanso ngati woyimba woopsa.

Sack

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi mchira wake wautali komanso kusapezeka kwa mitundu ya akazi ndi amuna. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi pamimba yoyera ndipo mapiko mkati mwake, nthenga zazikulu zimakhala zofiirira, nthenga zimasokedwa ndi timabuku tating'ono.

Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Central Europe, komanso kumadera akumwera nthawi yachisanu.

Zimauma chisa m'mfoloko zazitali kwambiri ndi nthambi zamphamvu.

Thupi loukedwa ndi khosi

Mbalamezi zimatchedwanso kuti miyala ikuluikulu. Thrush yokhala ndi khosi loyera imasiyanitsidwa ndi kakang'ono kake. Ali ndi msana wabuluu wokhala ndi mimba yofiirira, komanso malo oyera oyera pakhomalo.

Mtunduwu umapezeka kum'mawa kwa Russia, osati kumwera kwa Transbaikalia. Mbalame zimakhalira patali ndi abale awo.

Mtunduwu umadziwikanso chifukwa cha talente yake yoimba.

Redbird

Mtunduwu umatha kutchedwa woperewera chifukwa cha mtundu wofiirira, ngati si wa bulauni kapena wa imvi, womwe umapezeka bwino pamimba yonse.

Malo okhala ndi ku Siberia Yapakati ndi Kum'mawa.

Mbidzi za Redbird pamiyala yotsika kapena tchire.

Menyani gawo

Nthawi zambiri, ana akuda amayenera kuteteza zisa zawo ndi anapiye awo kuti akhwangwala azayesa kuwononga chisa kapena kuba mazira. Agologolo, kadzidzi ndi akambuku ndiopsezanso mbalame.

Maluwa akuda ndi oteteza bwino osati ana awo okha, komanso mitundu ina ya mbalame, monga mitengo, yomwe imakhala pafupi kwambiri.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame thrush

Pali mbalame imodzi yokhala ndi mbewa modabwitsa mu gulu la mpheta, yomwe timadziwa kuyambira ubwana - mbalame yotupa. Ponseponse, banja la passerines ili ndi mitundu 62, mwa mitundu 20 ya anthuwa amakhala ku Russia. Amaganizira zotchuka kwambiri nyimbo thrush ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 25 cm ndi kulemera mpaka 100 g.

Woimba wokondedwayo komanso wokonda zipatso amene amati ndi mbalame ya kuthengo. Koma adazolowera kwambiri pamaso pa munthu pafupi naye kotero kuti mutha kumva anthu akuimba osati m'nkhalango, komanso m'gawo lamabwalo amatauni.

Pukusani Fieldberry

Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuyimba kwake m'mawa komanso madzulo. Pali nthawi zina pomwe mbalame zakuda zimayimba ngakhale usiku. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ambiri okonda nyimbo adazindikira za mawondo pafupifupi 20 pakuyimba kwake, ndipo izi ndizochulukirapo kuposa zomwe tonsefe timasangalatsidwa nazo usiku.

Anapiye amene angobadwa kumenewo amapangitsa kuti mbalamezo zizisangalala kwambiri. Pali zojambula 85 zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musangalatse, zomwe mumatha kumvetsera mosalekeza komanso mosangalatsa.

Mtundu wakuda

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulidwa pamitunduyi popumula komanso kusinkhasinkha. Drozdov ndizovuta kunena kuti mbalame zokhazokha kapena zoweta. Amakhala omasuka pazochitika zonse.

Chovala chanyimbo chimatha kusiyanitsidwa osati ndi nyimbo zake zodabwitsa, komanso mtundu. Kumbuyo ndi mchira wa nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi siliva. Pa chifuwa, mithunzi yachikasu ndi mawanga a bulauni amawoneka.

Nyimbo

Malo omwe ali pansi pa mapiko a utoto wopakidwa utoto wofiira. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zazimuna ndi zazikazi za mbalame zamtunduwu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wawo wosatchulidwa.

Pali chifuwa chakuda chomwe chimadziwika ndi dzina loti belobrovik. Koma ndikofunika kumuyang'anitsitsa ndipo zimamveka bwino chifukwa chake adatchedwa choncho. Nthenga zili ndi malo pamwamba pamaso omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi nsidze zoyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyo ikhale yokongola komanso yowonekera mosavuta.

Chithunzicho ndi chovala chakuda

Msana wake ndi maolivi wokhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, malo pansi pa mapiko ndi mbali za mbalame ndi zofiirira. Mtundu wakuda utoto kwathunthu. Mlomo umodzi pazithunzi zakuda za lalanje zowala. Mbalameyi mwina ndiyomwe imasamala kwambiri kuposa abale ake onse.

Mtundu wa phulusa laphiri lakumapeto kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Mimba yake ndi pansi pa mapikowo ndi zoyera, ndipo mchira ndi mapiko a bulauni lakuda, nthawi zina matupi akuda. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imawoneka m'mbali ndi chifuwa.

Kutentha kwammawa kumakhala ndi mutu wamtambo wamtambo. Nthenga ndi mchira wake wamaso amtundu wa lalanje. Ndipo kumbuyo kwa chingwe chokhala ndi mbewa kumawoneka bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, matani a lalanje a motley amachoka mu utoto wa mbalameyo, mbalameyo imayamba imvi.

Mtundu wa chiguduli pamimba ndi zoyera ndi madontho. Awo ndi mapiko ake pansi. Izi zimakhala ndi mchira wautali pang'ono kuposa abale ena onse. Akazi ndiosatheka kusiyanitsa amuna.

Mu mtundu wa abuluu amphongo omwe amalamulidwa ndi matani amtundu wamtambo. Mchira wawo ndi mapiko ake ndi zakuda. Mtundu wachikazi ndi wofiirira. Mbalame zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, zimayenda mwachindunji kwa iwo. Kuuluka kwa mbalame kumakhala kwachindunji komanso mwachangu.

Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe akuda amayenda pansi. Amangoyamba kugwa, kenako amapumira. Pakati kulumpha, mutu wa mbalameyo imatsamira mbali yake. Potere, mbalameyi ikuyesayesa kuti ikhudze kulira kwa adani omwe ikubwera kapena kulingalira zodyera yokha, chifukwa maso a mbalame amaikidwa kuchokera kumbali.

Thupi loukedwa ndi khosi

Kuyatsa chithunzi thrush nchosatheka kuganizira kukongola konse kwa chani. Chilichonse ndicachilengedwe komanso chokongola pakuwala kwenikweni. Ndipo ngati kuyimba kwake kosazolowereka komanso kosayerekezeka kumalumikizana ndi kukongola kwa munthu wokhala ndi tsitsi, mumayamba kumukonda mukangoyamba kuwona. Fotokozerani kukondera kwa mbalame m'mawu ochepa - kuyimba, osati kokongola kwambiri, koma mbalame yokongola modabwitsa.

Zophuka komanso kuchuluka

Zithunzi zakuda zakuda zamtundu wamtundu zomwe zimangokhala kwa nyengo imodzi yokha. Amuna amabweretsa kukongola kopambana kukopa zazikazi. Awiriwo atapezeka, amayamba ntchito yopanga chisa chaching'ono cha timitengo ndi mitengo.

Nest imakonzedwa m'maenje, mafoloko a nthambi, zithunthu, ndipo nthawi zina pansi. Kunja, chisa chimalimbitsidwa ndi dongo, ndipo mkati mwake ndimakutidwa ndi moss, fluff ndi nthenga zazing'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, kupunthwa kumakhala ndimodzi kapena ziwiri mumnyengo; clutch iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi mazira asanu ndi limodzi. Wamkazi amatenga dzira kwa masabata awiri.

Anapiyewo amakhala ndi kagayidwe kabwino kwambiri ndipo amakula mwachangu kwambiri, koma ngakhale kuyesayesa konse kwa makolo awo, sikuti aliyense amapulumuka mpaka atachoka chisa. Izi zimachitika sabata yachiwiri ya moyo wa akuda akuda. Makolo amasamalira anapiyewo mpaka atakhala odziimira pawokha.

Mitundu ya thrush ndi yochulukirapo, mitundu yambiri imapita m'magulu akulu, koma alipo omwe amakonda kukhala payekha. MaBlackbird akhala zaka zoposa 15.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mwachilengedwe, nsapato zakuda zimapangidwa kwa nyengo imodzi yokha. Malo okhala ndi mbalame amatha kuwonedwa mu Epulo. Amakonda nyengo yokhazikitsidwa kale. Pofuna kukopa chachikazi, yamphongo imayamba kaphikidwe kokongola kwambiri.

Mazira akumunda

Banja lopangidwira limodzi likuchita zakukonzanso kwawo ndikuwasungira ana mtsogolo. Nthawi zambiri, chisa chawo, mbalame zimasankha dzenje la mtengo, hummock, hemp kapena nthambi ya shrubbery. Nthawi zina mutha kupeza zisa zawo mkati mwa dziko lapansi.

Zisa za Thrush ndizochepa. Popanga, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito nthambi. Mbali yolakwika nthawi zonse imalimbikitsidwa ndi dongo. Malo ake onse amkati amakutidwa ndi udzu wofewa, fluff, moss kapena nthenga.

Mayi amatupa ndi anapiye ake

Nthawi zina amapangitsa kuti mazira awiri agonedwe pa nyengo. Chifukwa chake zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mazira. Chifukwa cha kulakalaka kwabwino, makanda obadwa kumene amalandila chakudya chokwanira, motero amakula msanga.

Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi amaikira mazira 6. Koma si ana onse omwe amakwanitsa kupulumuka. Mwamuna ndi mkazi amazimatula m'masiku 15. Anapiye atabereka, chisamaliro cha kudyetsa kwawo chimagonekanso pamapewa a makolo onse awiri.

Kutupa kwa mtengo

Kale sabata yachiwiri ya miyoyo yawo, anapiye amayamba kutuluka chisa chawo pang'onopang'ono. Sanadziwebe kuuluka, koma akuwonetsa ntchito zokwanira ndipo ali ndi mwayi wodzipezera chakudya.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, anapiyewo amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo mpaka atasintha kwathunthu kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ma Blackbird amakhala pafupifupi zaka 17.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zakusangalatsa

Makanda akuda ndi ma Passeriformes. Zoyambira zimayitana mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mbalame. Onsewa ndi osiyana wina ndi mnzake mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake komanso malo okhala. Ma Blackbird ndi oimba otchuka ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango. Pakadali pano, mbalame zamtunduwu zikhala zosavuta kucheza, chifukwa chake zimakhazikika kumadera obiriwira akumatauni. Madzulo ndi m'mawa, anthu a m'matawuni amakhala ndi mwayi wosangalala ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame zoimba. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa chilimwe kapena masika, mbalame zimayimba ngakhale usiku.

Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi phokoso locheperako komanso mlomo wolimba woonda. Zili ndi zikhadabo zolimba, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 17 cm mpaka 28. Kulemera kwa mbalameyo kumatha kukhala kosiyana, misa kutengera mitundu, ikhoza kukhala kuyambira 85 mpaka 110 magalamu. Maonekedwe ndi mtundu wake amathanso kutengera kutengera mitundu. Mu kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri pamakhala mawanga ndi ma bulauni. Nthenga zochepetsetsa kwambiri ndizakuda, ndipo mwala womwe umaponyedwa ndi miyala imasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe ake owoneka bwino. Ali ndi mchira wam'manja kwambiri, ngati mchira wake ungang'ambike, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwopsa komanso ngozi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zovala zakuda zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba mu khola:

• kuyimba
• zakuda.

Ku Russia kuli mitundu pafupifupi 12, koma Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

Mokwanira pali mitundu 62 ya zovala zakuda padziko lapansi, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ku Asia, America ndi Europe. Mbalame zimayenda mosangalatsa kwambiri, kudumpha ndi kugundana nthawi yomweyo. Oimba awa ndi amantha, akhama komanso anzeru. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wawo wafika zaka 17.

Kodi mbalame zakuda bii nthawi yozizira kapena mbalame zoyendayenda?

Mbalamezi zimawerengedwa ngati zosamuka, koma kunyamuka kwawo kukazizira kumawonjezeranso nthawi. Izi zimachitika mosazindikira. Mu nthawi yamasika, amabwerera ali ochepa kapena ali okha. Pofika mwezi wa Seputembara, mapokoso amayamba kuwuluka kupita kumadera otentha. Pakubala zipatso, mbalamezo zimatha kuuluka pambuyo pake. Mitundu yonga phulusa lamapiri imatha kukhalabe yozizira ngati pali zipatso zambiri m'malo omwe amakhala. Zimapatsa nthawi yozizira ku Africakumwera kwa Asia ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Ikadzaza nyengo yachisanu, amabwerera m'mwezi wa Epulo.

Amatha kupanga zisa pansi, amatha kukhazikika pamtengo ndi mitengo. Nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mabowo, pamulu wa burashi ndi mizu yamitengo yakugwa. Mbalame nthawi zonse zimayesetsa kupanga chisa m'malo omwe sichitha kufikako.

Anapiye otupa amatha kubereka kawiri pachaka. Yaikazi imagwira mazira 3-7. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, chachikazi sichioneka chisa. Pomwe mayi wamtsogolo akukhala pamasoni, nthawi zina wamwamuna amatha kumuchotsa, kwa nthawi yochepa. Chingwe chikuwoneka ngati chovuta pambuyo pa masabata awiri, amafunikira chisamaliro cha makolo. Amayi ndi abambo adyetseni ndi zipatso ndi tizilombo. Chakudya cha tsiku lililonse cha anapiye chimadalira momwe mamuna aliri mwayi. Itha kukhala:

• zipatso
• osoweka
• nyongolotsi
• nyerere
• aulesi
• achule
• abuluzi.

Ndege zopita kumadera ofunda pafupi ndi ziphuphu zimachitika usiku kawiri pachaka - kasupe ndi yophukira. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi chimbale m'chimbudzi, mbalame nthawi imeneyi zimakhazikika usiku mosakhazikika. Zili pafupipafupi kudumpha kuchokera ku nthungokomanso kudumphira pansi. Ndi nkhawa zawo, amapanga phokoso.

Mbalame zikalengedwa bwino komanso zimakhala bwino, zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. MaBlackbird amadya kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni, kusamba mwakufuna osaseka. Nthenga zawo sizipindika, mlomo ndi maso awo ndi oyera.

Maonekedwe a ofiira

Mbalame yotuwa ndi nthumwi ya banja lamtundu wakuda wa gulu la Passeriformes. Wodziwika mwa iyeyeye ali wamantha, machitidwe ake ndi opanda mpumulo, mofuula komanso phokoso.

Kukula kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 28 kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira. Mlomowo ndi wolimba, chifukwa chomwe mbalameyo imaluma mwakachetechete kudzera mu chakudya chambiri komanso chokhazikika. Thupi limakhala lochepera, lokhala ndi zingwe zazing'ono zolimba komanso mchira wotalikilapo, kulola kupukusika kuuluka mtunda wautali. Kulemera kwa mbalame kumasiyana magalamu 50 mpaka 90, kutengera zaka komanso magulu.

Mitundu yamawonekedwe okhala ndi manja abwino

Akatswiri a Ornithologists ali ndi mitundu yoposa 60 ya zovala zakuda, tifotokozanso otchuka.

Kupukusira kosunthika - mapiko, mutu, kumbuyo ndi mchira ndi imvi, pafupi ndi mdima, koma bere ndi m'mimba zili zofiira ndi malingaliro a lalanje. Khosi limakhala loyera, lokhala ndi mawanga amdima, maso ali okongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zoyera.

Kutupa kofiyira-kokhazikika - kuphatikiza pamimba yadzimbiri ndi khosi loyera, mbalameyo imakhala yotuwa kwambiri, ndipo mulomo wake ndi wachikasu.

White-lumbar sham-thrushes amakhala ndi thupi laling'ono - 30 magalamu. Zowoneka ndi zakuda bii, mbali yakunja ya mchirayo ndi yoyera. Mu nyama zazing'ono, mawanga owala amawoneka pachifuwa.

Woyimira (woyimba) woimira banja wokhala ndi mutu wamutu wa chokoleti ndi kumbuyo. Mmbali zake ndi zachikasu, chifuwa chake ndichopepuka ndi madontho akuda.

Osachepera a birdbird amatha kupezeka akuda. Nthenga zachikazi zimakhala zonenepa ndipo zimayenda mwachikoka, koma zamphongo zimawoneka ngati mbawala - nthenga zakuda.

Mitundu ina

Utoto wopindika umakhala wowala pakukula: mutu ndi wabuluu, m'mimba ndi mchira wake ndi lalanje, kumbuyo kumakongoletsedwa ndi Mzere Woyera. Nthawi zina pachaka, manambala amakhala amtambo.

Imvi imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga za imvi m'maso, mapiko ndi mchira wa mbalameyo ndi zakuda. Mkazi wachikuda wokhala ndi mawanga amdima sawoneka kwathunthu kwa adani.

Kulima m'munda - maula ndi osiyanasiyana, kupatula mchira wakuda bii komanso chifuwa choyera.

Plain thrush ndi ofiira-ofanana ali ofanana wina ndi mnzake. Mtundu ndi imvi ndi utoto wabuluu, pamimba ndiwopepuka, miyendo ndi yakuda bii. Mwa nyama zazimuna ndi zazikazi, nthenga zimayandikira pafupi ndi mthunzi wa azitona, miyendo ndi mapiko ndi lalanje-lalanje.

Woyimira (Nottinghamshire) woimira wakuda amakhala m'munda wokhala ndi dzina lomweli. Mbalameyi yataya utoto wakuda, chifukwa chake ndiyoyera koyera.

Zizolowezi zachilendo zakuda

Kusunthika pamagulu, kukondoweza kumatha kuthamangitsa mdani (mwachitsanzo, khungubwi), kumazungulira nyama yomwe imadyera ndi kuikonza ndi zitosi zawo. Nthenga zimamatirana, ndipo mdani amagwa. Palinso zina zachilendo zokhudza mbalamezi:

· The thrush amasuntha okha kudumpha, pang'ono pogona.

· Deryaba ndi ofanana ndi songbird kuti nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa.

· Banja lotukuka ndilolimba mtima, koma anzeru komanso osamala.

· Wosangalatsa wakuda ndi nyimbo adatchedwa "Nightingale." Ndikosatheka kutanthauzira "mawu" mu nyimbo, monga mbalame zambiri nyimbo. Kuyimba kumamvekedwa kwambiri mbandakucha, ndikumayimba pang'ono, ndikumapumira.

Mbalame yosamukira: nthawi ndi komwe imawuluka

M'nyengo yotentha, zinthu zopweteka zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a Russia, Europe, Siberia. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imachoka mnyumbayo ndikupita ku North Africa ndi Asia. Nthawi imeneyi imayamba ndi nyengo yozizira yoyamba, makamaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kumadera ena komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Amabwereranso kwawo kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, nyengo yotentha komanso yopanda mvula.

Mutha kumakumana ndi aku Australia ku Australia. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, anthu asanayambe kuwoneka pa kontilakitoli, mbalameyo sinakhaleko. Inabweretsedwa ndi amalinyero kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ndipo munthawi yathu ino zosangalatsa zimapezeka m'malo aliwonse atsopano ngakhale ku New Zealand.

Kodi ndingakumane kuti ndi thrush ndi moyo wake

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala m'nkhalango zowola kapena zophatikizika, koma mutha kuzipezanso m'malo obiriwira okhala kumatauni. Kwa zaka zambiri amazolowera gulu ndipo samawopa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mzindawu uli ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Mchira wautali ndi mapiko olimba amawalola kuti ayende mtunda wautali. Ngakhale mbalame imakonda kutentha, ndizovuta kulekerera kutentha kwambiri, motero imamanga zisa m'malo amdima, zotetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Achibwenzi ang'onoang'ono amakhala kumapiri, komwe masana amakumbatirana m'matumba padzuwa. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka m'minda yamitengo ya birch, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino.

Kodi akuda amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?

Menyu ya thrush imasiyana, koma zimatengera nyengo ya chaka. M'nyengo yozizira, amapeza zipatso, zipatso zakale ndi mbewu zawo. Ngati pali chakudya chochuluka kuzungulira malo omwe amakhala, chakudya sichimawulukira ngakhale nthawi yozizira.

M'chilimwe, thrush ndiye mdani woipa kwambiri kwa onse okhala nthawi yachilimwe. M'minda ya anthu, amadya sitiroberi, ma currants, rasipiberi, honeysuckle, yamatcheri ngakhalenso ma apricots. Mbalame imatha kuwoneka pa kabichi, mbatata ndi mbewu zina. Choyamwa chachikulu ndi nyongolotsi, mphutsi ndi zakudya zina zama protein.

Mbalame zokhomera ndi kuswana

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, mkaziyo akumanga chisa pamitengo pafupi ndi nthaka, zitsamba, udzu wamtali, mitengo ikuluikulu ngakhale pansi. Zomangira - nthambi zouma zakale, masamba, fluff, moss, lichen ndi dongo lodalirika.

Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Panthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imakumana ndi mkazi mpaka kawiri. Pomaliza, mazira asanu ndi limodzi amtundu wabuluu kapena wobiriwira amayikidwa. Wamphongo amabweretsa chakudya kwa wokondedwa kwa milungu iwiri, pomwe iye amasaka ana.

Pambuyo pa kuwonkhetsa ana, makolo onse amawabweretsera zakudya zosiyanasiyana mpaka 200 pa tsiku. Pambuyo pa masiku 14, mbadwo wachinyamata umasankhidwa ndikuyamba kuphunzira kudziyimira pawokha. Munthawi imeneyi, zachisoni, theka la ana amwalira, olimba kwambiri amakhalapo.

Zithunzi zakuda kunyumba: kukonza khola ndi menyu

Ngakhale mbalameyi ndiyodabwitsa komanso yamanyazi, imagwera mumakokedwe a anthu.

Kuti musangalare bwino, konzekerani nyumba. Chingwe chokhala ndi voliyumu yosachepera mita, chopangidwa ndi msungwi woonda kapena ndodo zamatanda. Pezani pansi ndi poto yakuya, mudzaze ndi madzi oyera tsiku ndi tsiku kuti musambe komanso kumwa. Masana, khola liyenera kutengedwa kupita kumlengalenga, kumalo komwe kuli dzuwa ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mbalame sikuyenera kuloledwa.

Kumbukirani kuti mbalame zimakonda chilengedwe. Osataya ufulu wanu, pitani kunkhalango kapena kumalo osaka nyama kuti mukasangalale ndi cholengedwacho chokongola.

Kupereka chakudya ku masikono kuli bwino mothandizidwa ndi odyetsa.Zakudya, zipatso, zipatso zam'munda, komanso mapuloteni amtundu wa tizilombo: mphutsi, mbozi, ndi mphutsi ndizoyenera.

Utithandiza kwambiri ngati mumagawana nkhani pagulu locheza komanso ngati. Zikomo chifukwa cha izo.

Tumizani ku njira yathu.

Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.