Mbidzi ndi buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukula kwake, ena a iwo siotsika ndi mamba, ngakhale sakukhudzana ndi iwo. Mwadongosolo, abuluzi ali pafupi kwambiri kuposa abuluzi ena ku njoka. Izi zokwawa zimagawidwa mu banja losiyana la abuluzi, kuphatikizapo mitundu 70.

Kodi chifuwa cha zotungira chimakhala kuti?

Pakadali pano, buluzi wa Komodo amakhala ku zilumba 5 zokha ku Indonesia: Komodo (pafupifupi anthu 1700), Gili-Motang (pafupifupi anthu 100), Rinja (pafupifupi anthu 1300), Flores (pafupifupi anthu 2000) ndi Padan (zambiri zakomwe padali pano chilumba chimasiyanasiyana). Koma, malinga ndi asayansi, malo omwe abuluwa amtunduwu ndi Australia. Zinachokera ku kontrakitoli kuti zaka 900,000 zapitazo, Komodos amayang'anira abuluzi anasamukira kuzilumba zomwe panthawiyo sanali zilumba, koma amapanga gawo limodzi ndi Australia. Kukwera kwamadzi komwe kumatsata nyanjayo kumalekanitsa zisumbu kuchokera kumtunda.

Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi amasankha malo owuma, otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa, malo okhala kapena malo otentha. M'miyezi yowuma komanso yayikulu, nyamayi imayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi mabedi a malo owuma, omwe m'mphepete mwake mumakhala zithungo zamtchire.

Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi wosambira wabwino ndipo amavomereza njira zoyambira madzi: ngati kuli kotheka, amapambana mtunda wautali posambira nsomba kapena akamba am'nyanja oponyedwa pagombe. Ena a abuluzi a Komodo amayenda modekha kupita kuzilumba zambiri zomwe zili pakati pa Komodo, Padar ndi Rinzhe.

Masiku ano kuchuluka kwa abuluzi akuluakulu ikuchepachifukwa chakuwonongeka. Ndipo chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizosadya bwino m'malo opezeka zachilengedwe komanso kupha anthu ambiri.

Chisinthiko

Chigoba cha buluzi wamakono wa Komodo komanso zotsalira za anthu akale a mtunduwu. Kukula kwa chisinthidwe cha buluzi wowunika wa Komodo kumayamba ndi kutuluka kwa mtundu wa Varanus, womwe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, udachokera ku Asia zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo adasamukira ku Australia. Pafupifupi zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo, mkangano pakati pa Australia ndi Southeast Asia walola abuluzi kuti afufuze malowa, mapiri omwe pambuyo pake adasanduka zisumbu zaku Indonesia, ndikupanga zilumba monga Timor yakutali. Buluzi wa Komodo, monga momwe amaganizira kale, adapatukana ndi kholo lawo la Australia zaka 4 miliyoni zapitazo.

Komabe, zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka posachedwa ku Queensland zikuwonetsa kuti zinakhalako nthawi yayitali ku Australia asanafike ku Indonesia. Kutsika kwamadzi munyengo yamadzi oundana kwangotsegula malo ambiri, komwe kunathandizira Komodo kuyang'anira abuluzi kuti azisungitsa malo awo amakono, koma kukwera kwakutali kwamadzi, m'malo mwake, kunawalekanitsa kuzilumba. Izi zidasunga mawonekedwe kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa megafauna aku Australia.

Maonekedwe a buluzi wowunika wa Komodo

Kukula kwa nyama zodyerazi ndizopatsa chidwi. Buluzi wamtchire Komodo atakula amalemera pafupifupi 75-90 makilogalamu okhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 2.5-2.6 Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zazikazi zokwanira kulemera kwazinthu zazikulu ndi makilogalamu 68-70, kutalika kwake ndi mamitala 2.3.Pamalo opanga nyama, nyama imatha kufika pamitundu yochititsa chidwi. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zotere ndi chiweto cha malo osungirako zinyama ku St. Louis: cholemera makilogalamu 166, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 3.14 m.

Ali ndi squat, thupi lolimba ndi miyendo yolimba. Malo omwe ali kumbali ndi zikhadabo zazitali amathandizira kusaka kosavuta ndikuyenda mwachangu. Ndiwothekanso kuthyola mabowo akuya okhala ndi ma tira otere. Amakhala ndi mchira waukulu, womwe nthawi zambiri ungafanane ndi thupi. Mosiyana ndi abuluzi, samataya pachiwopsezo, koma ayambe kumenya mbali. Mutu ndi lathyathyathya, pakhosi lalifupi lalikulu. Kuyang'ana nkhope yake yonse kapena mbiri yake, mayanjano ndi njoka amawoneka.

Khungu limakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: scaly - chachikulu, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zophukira zazing'ono. Oyimira achichepere a mtundu wowala. Kudutsa konseko, malo owoneka achikasu amawoneka, kumathera ndi mikwingwirima pakhosi ndi mchira. Akakhwima, khungu limasinthidwa, limakonzedwanso mu utoto wonyezimira wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wachikasu.

Mano ake ali ngati nsonga, lakuthwa komanso lalitali, omatira mafupa a nsagwada ndi mbali imodzi. Ichi ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chophwanya zida. Lilime ndi lalitali kwambiri, likuwombera, ndikugawana kumapeto.

Moyo

Komodo buluzi ndi nyama masana, sipasaka usiku. Usiku amagona momveka bwino m'makola awo. Ngakhale, zochitika zokhazokha zausiku za nyama izi zidadziwika.

Ngakhale kutsetsereka ndikuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pamtunda, chonde chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi chimayenda bwino mtunda wautali, ndikupanga liwiro lakufika ku 18-20 km pa ola limodzi. Ndipo kuti agwire nyama yomwe akufunayo kuchokera kumwamba, mokoma amayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, atatsamira mchira wolimba. Mbawala zazing'ono za Komodo koma zambiri zomwe sizikula kwenikweni zimakwera mitengo mwanzeru, zimatha nthawi yayitali pamtengo ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'maenje ngati malo odalirika.

Amakonda kukhala okha, abuluzi akuluakuluwa sasintha nthawi zambiri m'magulu, gulu laling'ono lamayendedwe owonera limatha kudzutsa ndi kudyetsa, koma nthawi izi zimatsatiridwa ndi zolimba zolimbana nthawi zonse, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Lilime lalitali lopatsidwa ndi buluzi wa Komodo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lopanga zinthu. Kutulutsa lilime, buluzi amatenga fungo. Kuwona kwa lilime la polojekiti sikuti kwapansi poyerekeza ndi kununkhira kwa agalu. Chilombo chanjala chimatha kutsata wozunzidwa malinga ndi msambo umodzi womwe umasiyidwa ndi wozunzidwayo maola angapo apitawa.

Ma draons a Komodo ndi osambira akuluakulu. Amatha kuwoloka mitsinje yaying'ono, kupendekera mosavuta kapena kuphimba mtunda kupita kuzilumba zoyandikana nazo. Komabe, sangathe kupitilira mphindi 15 m'madzi. Ndipo ngati alibe nthawi yoti afikire kumtunda, ndiye kuti akumira. Mwinanso chinthu ichi chinayambitsa malire achilengedwe omwe nyama zimapezeka.

Malangizo kutentha kwa thupi

Kutuluka m'mabowo awo dzuwa likutuluka, abuluzi amakonda kutenganso dzuwa, kutambasulidwa ndikutambasula miyendo yawo. Chifukwa chake, buluzi wa Komodo amathandizira kutentha kwa thupi lake. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, owongolera abulu samawonetsa zochitika ndi kuthamanga kwa kuchitapo, mawonekedwe awo amatha kugona kwambiri ngati mafoni. Popeza alandila mphamvu yodzilimbitsa ndi dzuwa, amayenda mozungulira zomwe ali nazo, akuyang'ana mwachidwi ngati pali alendo osagwirizana nawo m'gawolo.

Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumadalira kukula kwa buluzi wa Komodo - abulu akulu ndi ochulukirapo, amatha kupitilirabe kutentha, kukhalanso ndi usiku, ndipo nthawi yocheperako amakhala m'mawa kutenthetsa thupi.

Samalekerera kutentha, thupi lake silikhala ndi thukuta lotupa. Ndipo ngati kutentha kwa nyamayo kupitilira 42.7 ° C, wowunikira azifa chifukwa cha kutentha.

Mpweya wa Lizard

Zakudya za owunikira ndizosiyanasiyana. Buluzi akadali wakhanda, amathanso kudya tizilombo. Koma ndi kukula kwa munthu, kulanda kwake kumakulanso. Mpaka buluzi wafika polemera 10 makilogalamu, amadya nyama zazing'ono, nthawi zina kukwera m'mitengo yamitengo.

Zowona, "ana" otere amatha kuthana ndi masewera mosavuta, omwe amalemera pafupifupi 50 kg. Koma wowunikira atapeza zoposa 20 kg, nyama zazikulu zokha ndizomwe zimapanga chakudya. Buluzi limadikirira nguluwe ndi nkhumba zamtchire padzenje lakutsirira kapena pafupi ndi njira za m'nkhalango. Ataona nyama, wolusa amagwirira, kuyesa kukantha womenyedwayo ndi kumenya mchira.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwombera koteroko kumathyoza miyendo ya achisoni. Koma nthawi zambiri, buluzi amene amayang'anitsitsa amayesa kumabowola miyendo ya wozunzidwayo pamiyendo yake. Ndipo ngakhale pomwepo, pomwe wosagwira ntchitoyo sangathe kuthawa, amang'amba nyama yamoyo ija kukhala zidutswa zazikulu, ndikuziphwanya khosi kapena m'mimba. Chilombo chomwe sichili chachikulu kwambiri chimadyera polojekiti yonse (mwachitsanzo, mbuzi). Ngati wovutikayo sanagonjere pompopompo, buluzi wowongolera amupeza m'njira iliyonse, motsogozedwa ndi fungo la magazi.

Varan ndiwowonerera. Nthawi ina, amadya nyama pafupifupi 60 kg, ngati amalemera 80. Malinga ndi anthu omwe adaziwona, imodzi si yayikulu kwambiri buluzi wa Komodo wamkazi (wolemera makilogalamu 42) mumphindi 17, wamaliza ndi boar 30 kg.

Zikuonekeratu kuti ndikwabwino kupewewa mdani wankhanza komanso wopanda nkhawa chonchi. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera kumadera komwe abuluzi amakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, ma yenicic, omwe sangafanane ndi mawonekedwe akusaka ndi chilombochi, amazimiririka.

Kodi chinjoka chovala chimasaka bwanji?

Pali njira zambiri zopezera chakudya mmalo omwe amadyera. Nthawi zina buluzi amasaka mtundu wa obisalira - mwala, mtengo, chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri, amadikirira motere kuti akadye m'nkhalango. Nyama ina ikafika kwa iye, amenya ndi mchira wokuta. Pambuyo pakuwombera kumene, chilombo chimasweka kapena miyendo yake imasweka.

Nyama zikuluzikulu zambiri zosadyera zimadyera nyama zazikulu zosakonda. Mwachilengedwe, sangathe kupirira njati yayikulu pomenyera nkhondo mwachilungamo. Komanso, mbawala zambiri za Komodo zimafa chifukwa cha nyanga kapena ziboda zake.

Chifukwa chake, samayesetsa kuchita ndewu naye. Amasilira kwa iye ndikungoluma. Pambuyo pake, njatiyo imachotsedwa.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamasamba a nyama yomwe imadyera izi pamakhala mabakiteriya azinthu zambiri. Mabakiteriya awa akaloŵa m'magazi, amayambitsa sepsis (matenda) ndipo pakapita kanthawi pang'ono kuti munthu wolumidwa amwalira.

Nthawi yonseyi, buluzi wowunika amatsatira wolondayo pazidendene ndikudikirira kumapiko. Panthawi imeneyi, abuluzi ena amadzanunkhira bala lomwe lawola ndipo nawonso adzakwawa ndikudikirira kuti afe.

Komodo lizard poyizoni

M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti khungubwe la Komodo limangokhala ndi "tambala" wovulala wa bakiteriya, komwe buluzi wokondweretsa amateteza chitetezo. Komabe, posachedwa, asayansi atsimikiza kuti buluzi wowunika ali ndi tiziwalo ta sumu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mapuloteni apadera oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti munthu wolumidwayo achepetse magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, kufooka, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kusazindikira.

Mitsempha imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamba: alibe njira m'mano, monga njoka, koma lotseguka pansi pamano ndi mano. Chifukwa chake, kuluma kwa buluzi wa Komodo ndi woopsa.

Kuswana

Nyama zamtunduwu zimafika paunyamata pafupifupi chaka chachisanu mpaka chachisanu, pomwe gawo laling'ono chabe la abuluzi limakhalabe ndi moyo. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana ali pafupifupi 3.4: 1 m'malo mwa amuna. Mwina iyi ndi njira yowongolera kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazikhalidwe zam'zilumba.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa akazi ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa amuna, pa nthawi ya kubereka pakati pa amuna, kumenyera nkhondo zachikazi. Nthawi yomweyo, buluzi wowunika amaimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikuwombera kutsogolo kwa mdani wawo, kuyesa kumugwetsa.

Pankhondo zoterezi, nthawi zambiri munthu wamkulu amapambana, nyama zazing'ono ndi abambo okalamba obwerera. Wopambana wamwamuna amakankhira pansi mdaniyo ndikumukunira ndi zisonga zake kwakanthawi, kenako wochoka atachoka.

Amphongo amtundu wa Komodo amayang'anira buluzi ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kuposa zazikazi. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imapukusa mutu wake, ndikupukutira nsagwada yake ya m'munsi pakhosi ndi kukalipira msana wake ndi mchira wake ndi zopindika.

Matenga amachitika nthawi yachisanu, nthawi yamvula. Akakhwima, wamkazi amafufuza malo oti adzaikire mazira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zisa za udzu zomwe zimakhazikitsa milu ya manyowa - zachilengedwe zobzikirana kuchokera ku tsamba la masamba kuti zimathandizire kukulitsa mazira awo. Atapeza mulu, buluzi wamkazi amafukula dzenje mkati mwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kuti asocheretse nkhumba zamtchire ndi adani ena omwe amadya mazira.

Dzira limayikidwa mu Julayi - Ogasiti; kukula kwa buluzi wa buluzi wa Komodo ndi mazira 20. Mazira amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndi mainchezi 6cm, kulemera kwa 200 g. Akazi amateteza chisa kwa miyezi 8-8.5 asanagwedezeke ana.

Mabulu aang'ono amapezeka mu Epulo - Meyi. Pobadwa, amasiya amayi awo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakwera mitengo yoyandikana nayo. Popewa kukumana ndi zoopsa za abuluzi akuluakulu, abuluzi achinyamata amakhala zaka ziwiri zoyambirira m'miyoyo yawo, pomwe sangathe kufikira achikulire.

M'mabokosi a a Komodo apezeka chigawo. Popanda amuna, wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira osabereka, omwe amawoneka m'malo osungirako a Chester ndi London ku England. Popeza abuluzi amphongo ali ndi ma chromosome awiri ofanana, ndipo chachikazi, mosiyana, ndizophatikiza ndizofanana, makanda onse adzakhala amphongo. Dzira lirilonse lomwe limayikidwa limakhala ndi ma chromosome a W kapena Z (kwa a Komodo amayang'anira abulu, ZZ ndi wamwamuna ndipo WZ ndi wamkazi), kenako majini amawirikiza. Maselo okhala ndi ma diploid okhala ndi ma W-chromosome awiri amafa, ndipo ma Z-chromosomes awiri amapanga timabuluzi tatsopano.

Kutha kubereka mwakugonana komanso mwakugonana pamatumba awa mwina kumakhudzana ndi kudzipatula komwe amakhala - izi zimawalola kukhazikitsa magulu atsopano ngati, chifukwa cha mkuntho, akazi opanda amuna amaponyedwa kuzilumba zoyandikana.

Adani a Komodo buluzi mwachilengedwe

M'malo achilengedwe, buluzi wa Komodo yemwe wafika pakukalamba alibe adani. Kuopseza buluzi kumatha kukhala abale akulu, munthu kapena ng'ona yoluka. Ngakhale nthawi zina chimphona chaku Indonesia chomwe chimayang'anira chimatha kupweteketsa nyama yayikulu - njati ndi nkhumba zamtchire. Achichepere nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi civet, njoka, ndi mbalame zolusa.

Sowa kawirikawiri pomwe abulu akulu a Komodo amawongolera ndikusungidwa m'malo osungira nyama. Koma, modabwitsa, abuluzi azizolowera munthu, amatha kuzimiririka. M'modzi mwa oyimilira a buluzi yemwe amakhala kumalo osungirako nyama ku London, amadya mwaulere m'manja mwa wowonayo, ndipo ngakhale adamutsatira kulikonse.

Masiku ano, abuluzi a Komodo amakhala m'mapaki a Rinja ndi Komodo. Amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, chifukwa chake saloledwa kusaka abuluziwo mwa lamulo, ndipo malinga ndi lingaliro la Komiti ya Indonesia, abuluzi amangogwidwa ndi chilolezo chapadera.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Buluzi wamtundu wa Komodo ndiwankhanza kwambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwa oopsa kwambiri omwe amabwera kwa anthu. Pali zochitika zingapo zosemphana ndi abuluzi omwe amayang'anira anthu, kuphatikizapo omwe amapha. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwawo kukungokulira.

Izi mwina zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti mulibe malo ambiri okhala anthu pachilumbachi, koma alipo ena, ndipo awa ndi midzi yopanda nsomba, yomwe anthu akuchulukirachulukira (anthu 800 malinga ndi data ya 2008), zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wamisonkhano yosasangalatsa ndi anthu olusa zakuthengo. Popeza pakali pano zoletsedwa ndi lamulo kupha abuluzi a Komodo, pamapeto pake amasiya kuchita mantha ndi anthu omwe amawasaka kale.

Vutoli limakumananso ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu am'deralo adadyetsa varanas kuti asagwidwe ndi nyama yanjala, ndipo tsopano zoterezi zaletsedwa. Mu zaka za njala, makamaka chilala, abuluzi a Komodo amabwera pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala, amakopeka kwambiri ndi fungo la chimbudzi cha anthu, nyama zapakhomo, nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa, ndi zina zotere. Komabe, posachedwa, Asilamu aku Indonesia omwe amakhala kuzilumbazi adayika malirowo, ndikuwaphimba ndi miyala yomata yosagonja yomwe singafikire abuluzi. Alenje nthawi zambiri amagwira anthu oopsa ndikuwasunthira kumalo ena pachilumbachi.

Kulumidwa kwa buluzi wa Komodo ndi kowopsa - ngakhale buluzi yaying'onoyo imatha kung'amba minofu kuchokera pa ntchafu kapena humerus ndikuyambitsa magazi akulu chifukwa cha kupweteketsa mtima. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira chifukwa chopatsidwa chithandizo chanthawi yoyamba (ndipo, monga zotulukapo, kugwa) chimafika 99%. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndikulumwa ndi ng'ona, kupezeka kwa sepsis pambuyo kokuluma kwa buluzi ndizofala.

Popeza abuluzi akuluakulu amaolawa amakhala ndi fungo labwino, amatha kudziwa komwe kunachokera ngakhale fungo lotopa la magazi mtunda wopitilira 5 km.

Pali milandu yambiri yolembedwa momwe abuluzi amayang'anira zimbudzi poyesa kukopa alendo ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono kapena zikwapu. Ngozi yofananayi ikuwopseza azimayi omwe amapita kuzilumba za Komodoran amayang'anira abuluzi nthawi ya kusamba. Alendo nthawi zambiri amachenjezedwa ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana pangozi zomwe zingachitike, magulu onse azokopa alendo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi opanga zida zodzitchinjiriza kuti ateteze zosagwirizana ndi mitengo yayitali yokhala ndi malekezero. Njira zotetezerazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira, chifukwa m'malo oyendayenda abuluzi abuluzi nthawi zambiri amakhala odzaza ndipo amawongolera mokwanira kwa munthu, osawonetsa mkwiyo popanda kupangika kuti.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za buluzi wa Komodo

1. Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi ndi a banja la abuluzi. Kutalika kwa buluzi wamkulu ndi 3 mita, ndipo kulemera kumabwera 90 kilogalamu.
2. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa buluzi kutchire - pafupifupi Zaka 30.
3. Yenderani abuluzi samakonda kuukira anthu, komabe pali milandu yomwe imadziwika.
4. Lilime lalitali ndi lalitali ndilofunika kwa olusa kuti azitha kupeza fungo lililonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusaka. Kuphatikiza pa lilime, khungu lopambana limawathandizanso kusaka, chifukwa chomwe amadzibisa bwino ndikudikirira moleza mtima.
5. Kuti mupeze nsembe yang'anira buluzi ingomuluma, kenako dikirani mpaka afe ndi poizoni wamagazi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mumtondo wa buluzi woyang'anira muli zambiri Mabakiteriya owopsa 50omwe, atamwetsa, amayambitsa matenda. Fungo lakuthwa limathandizira buluzi kuti azitsatira nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kuti idyenso pambuyo pake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi ina cholengedwa ichi chimatha kudya mpaka 80% ya kulemera kwake komwe.
6. Komodo buluzi- mtsogoleri. Pamodzi ndi abale ake, abuluzi amakumana kokha pakukhwima. Tsiku lililonse, abambo amateteza gawo lawo, akuyenda ma kilomita ochepa. Nthawi zina, pofufuza nyumba yatsopano, amuna amasambira kupita kuzilumba zina. Ziphuphu zimakhala m'maenje, chifukwa ndi mabowo omwe amawongolera kutentha kwa thupi.
7. Yenderani abuluzi zolengedwa zosatetezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, zokwawa ndizosatetezeka chifukwa cha zivomezi zomwe zimachitika, kuphulika kwa mapiri, kugwidwa mosaloledwa komanso chakudya chochepa. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama zinkasakidwa, chifukwa cha zomwe lero kuwunika abuluzi olembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
8. Mu 1980 chaka Komodo National Park inatsegulidwa ku Indonesia kuti iteteze kuwunika abuluzi kuchokera pakutha.
9. At chifuwa cha zotungirakuwunika abuluzi mawonekedwe okongola. Amatha kumuwona wokondedwa wawo ali patali Mamil 300. Ndipo komabe gawo lalikulu la mphamvu kuwunika abuluzi tanthauzo la kununkhira limaganiziridwa.
10. Pambuyo kudya kuwunika abuluzi pamimba limachulukanso kukula. Komabe, ngati akufunika kuthawa kwa adani, angathe kuyikha pazokha.
11. Akasungidwa mu ukapolo (milandu iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri), zimphona zazikulu zimazolowera mwachangu kwa anthu ndikuyamba kukhala zonenepa. Mmodzi mwa otere amtunduwu amakhala ku London Zoo, adayankha dzina lanyanjali, adatenga chakudya m'manja mwa munthu ndikuthamangira zidendene zake osamalira ake.
12. Mu 2003, lipoti lalifupi linasindikizidwa mu magazini yotchedwa Nature Australia. varanih wotchedwa Kraken, yemwe amakhala ku Washington Zoo ndipo amakonda kusewera ndi zoseweretsa. Kraken idayang'aniridwa ndi Dr. Gordon Burchart ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku University of Tennessee. Asayansi adaphunzira momwe wosewera amayang'anira zaka ziwiri ndipo nthawi iyi anajambula mavidiyo 31 akuwonetsa momwe buluzi umasewera ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana - mphete ya mphira, ndowa yodzadza ndi mapepala azimbudzi, mpango ndi nsapato ya tennis.

Komodo yowunika buluzi - mafotokozedwe, kapangidwe, zithunzi

Buluzi wamkulu wa Komodo ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yamphamvu, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kochititsa chidwi. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa chifuwa cha zotungira ndi 3 mita, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kumatha kufika 150 kg. Kutalika kwa buluzi kumasiyana kuyambira pa 2.25 mpaka 2.6 metres, pomwe Komodo buluzi wamba amakhala wolemera 35 mpaka 60 kg. Amuna amakhala akulu nthawi zonse kuposa akazi. Pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi mchira. Akakhala kundende, buluzi wamkulu amatha kufikira zazikulu zake. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otetezedwa a Loh Liang National Park, kukula kwa chifuwa cha kutalika kwa kutalika kwa mamitala 3.04 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 81.5 kwalembedwa mwalamulo, ndipo chimphona chachikulu kwambiri chimakhala nzika ya St. Louis Zoo: kutalika kwa 3.13 metres, lalikulu lobster lolemera 166 kg

Tsoka ilo, pakali pano kukula kwa abuluzi a Komodo akucheperachepera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiweto cha nyama zikuluzikulu zopanda chifukwa chifukwa chazinyama. Mikango imakakamizidwa kugwira nyama yaying'ono, ndipo izi zimakhudza kukula kwawo. Poyerekeza ndi deta kuyambira zaka 10 zapitazo, kukula kwa abuluzi a Komodo kutsika ndi 25%.

Buluzi wa Komodo ali ndi thupi lathanzi, lokhala ndi mutu wokhala ndi mutu wosalala komanso miyendo yayifupi komanso yoluka kwambiri.

Matumba okhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso zakuthwa za mawonekedwe opindika ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chomwe buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi amakumba maboti akuya mpaka mamita 5.

Mutu wa buluzi umakutidwa ndi zishango zazing'ono zazing'ono. Khungu la Komodo younikira buluzi limakhala lambiri ndipo limalimbitsidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, osteoderms (yachiwiri ya khungu). Mtundu wa buluzi wachinyamata umakhala wowala, kumbuyo kwake kuli mizere ya mawanga achikasu kapena ofiira ofiira, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza kukhala mbali zopitilira khosi ndi mchira.

Buluzi wamkulu suwoneka wowoneka bwino: khungu lawo limakhala ndi ubweya wakuda ndipo nthawi zambiri limakutidwa ndi timadontho tating'ono kapena zidutswa zamtundu wachikasu.

Mano a buluzi wa Komodo amayesedwa pang'ono kuchokera kumbali ndipo amasiyana kwambiri m'mphepete lakuthwa kwambiri, ofanana ndi mano a macheka.

Kapangidwe kameneka ndi koyenera kuyambitsa kuvulaza koopsa kwa wolakwiridwayo ndikuwang'amba mosavuta zidutswa. Lilime la buluzi limayang'ana patali, lalitali kumapeto.

Mwachilengedwe, buluzi wowonera ku chilumba cha Komodo ndi nyama yobisalira yosakonda kucheza ndi achibale. M'magulu, ndipo ngakhale osakhazikika, abuluzi akuluakuluwa amaphatikizidwa pakunyamata kapena pakudya limodzi. Komabe, ngakhale pakadali pano, mikangano ndi nkhondo zimabuka pakati pa amuna, ndipo nthawi zambiri pakati pa akazi.

Nyamazo zimagwira ntchito m'mawa kapena masana, ngakhale kuli kwakuti Komodo zina zowunika kwambiri zimayang'anira abulu nawonso usiku. Ndikayamba kutentha kwamasana, buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amakonda kupeza malo okhala, ndipo amabisala m dzenje usiku. Kutalika kwa thupi kumapangitsa buluzi kuti azitha kulekerera kusintha kwa kutentha, kwinaku akukhalabe kutentha kwa thupi usiku komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yoyenda m'mawa.

Kodi buluzi wamkulu wa Komodo amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Akayang'ana abuluzi ochokera ku chilumba cha Komodo ali ku ukapolo, asayansi adakhazikitsa zaka 25, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti m'malo omwe zachilengedwe zimadziwika. Ofufuza ena amakonda kuganiza kuti mwachilengedwe "Komodo chinjoka" imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50-62.

Kodi abuluzi a Komodo amadya chiyani?

Buluzi wowunika kuchokera ku chilumba cha Komodo ndi nyama yolusa, chifukwa chake zakudya zam'mera zimatha popanda chakudya. M'moyo wonse, chakudya cha buluzi wowunika wa Komodo chimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso kukula. Achichepere komanso osadziwa kusaka abuluzi a Komodo amadya tizilombo (nsikidzi, ziwala), nsomba zingapo, nkhanu, akambuku, abuluzi ang'ono, mbalame ndi mazira, mbewa, makoswe, njoka. Buluzi zazing'ono zimatha kukwera mosavuta mumtengo posaka chakudya. Anthu achikulire amadyera tizilomboti, nyani, musangs, civet, komanso ana a ng'ona.

Buluzi wokhwima komanso wamphamvu amatha kuthana ndi msanga zochititsa chidwi: nkhumba zakutchire, agwape, njati, akavalo ndi mashonje, mbuzi. Nthawi zambiri, ziweto, amphaka ndi agalu zimagwera m'mazira a abulu achikulire abuluzi omwe abwera pama dziwe pamalo othirira kapena amakumana mwanjira ya buluzi wowopsa uyu.

Buluzi wowunika kuchokera ku Chilodo Island ndiwowopsa kwa anthu, pali zochitika zina zomwe zimawagwera anthuwa. Ngati chakudya chikuchepa, abuluzi wamkulu amatha kuwombera ang'onoang'ono. Mukamadya buluzi wa Komodo mumatha kumeza zidutswa zazikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa mafupa a nsagwada yam'munsi komanso m'mimba yayikulu, yomwe imayamba kutambasuka.

Phukusi la Lizard

Mfundo zofunikira kusaka buluzi wa Komodo ndizowopsa. Nthawi zina buluzi wamkulu yemwe amadyera nyama amagwirira mnzake nkhandwe, ndipo mwadzidzidzi amagogoda "nkhomaliro yake yamtsogolo" ndi nkhonya yamphamvu komanso lakuthwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchitoyo imakhala yayikulupo kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zambiri yomwe imagwira imayamba kuthyoka miyendo. 12 mwa agwada 17 amafera pomwepo pomenya nkhondo ndi buluzi. Komabe, nthawi zina wozunzidwayo amatha kuthawa, ngakhale atha kuvulazidwa koopsa ngati mawonekedwe a ming'alu kapena lamba m'mimba kapena khosi, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa yomwe ili pafupi. Poizoni wa lizard ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'matumba am'madzi amachepetsa wolakwayo. Pakudya lalikulu, mwachitsanzo pang'onopang'ono, kufa kumatha kupezeka milungu itatu itatha kulimbana ndi buluzi. Mabuku ena akuwonetsa kuti buluzi wamkulu wa Komodo agwira nyama yake chifukwa cha fungo komanso magazi ake. Nyama zina zimatha kuthawa ndikuchira mabala awo, zinyama zina zimagwera m'manja mwa zilombo, ndipo zina zimafa chifukwa cha mabala omwe adazunza ndi buluziyo. Kununkhira kodabwitsa kumalola Komodo kuyang'anira buluzi kuti amve fungo la chakudya komanso kununkhira kwa magazi komwe kali mtunda wamakilomita 9.5. Ndipo pomwe wovutikayo amawonongeka, abuluzi amathamangira kununkhira kwa zovunda kuti adye nyama yakufayo.

Kodi abulu a Komodo abereka bwanji?

Buluzi wamtundu wa Komodo umatha kutha ndi zaka 5, ndipo nthawi zina pofika zaka 10. Nthawi yakukhwima kwa abuluzi akuluakuluwa imagwera pa Julayi. Pakati pa amuna amuna amayamba kumenyera zachikazi, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha amuna. Otsutsa amaimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akugwirana manja ndi manja awo akutsogolo ndikuyesera kugogoda pansi mpikisano. Mwachilengedwe, pamakondwerero oterowo, amuna achikulire kwambiri komanso opambana amapambana, ndipo achinyamata kapena achikulire amakakamizidwa kuti abwerere.

Ikamadula, yamphongo ya ku Komodo imakhala ndi “mtima wachifundo” wina: imapukutira nsagwada yake ya m'munsi pakhosi la mnzake, ikakanda msana wake ndi mchala wake, ndi kupendekera mutu wake. Akamaliza matchingawo, wamkazi amayamba kufunafuna malo oti adzagonekere mazira. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimatulutsa mabowo angapo ndi kubisala mazira mu imodzi mwa izo. Zina zimasokoneza chidwi cha nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya mazira. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch ndi 20-30 zidutswa. Mazira akuluakulu kwambiri a buluzi wa Komodo amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndipo ndi mainchesi 6 masentimita amatha kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 200.

Kutengedwa ku: www.ballenatales.com

Pakakhala palibe wamwamuna pakatikati, zazikazi za Komodos zimayang'anira mazira osabereka, pomwe azimuna ochepa amapezeka. Njira yapaderayi yakuberekera imatchedwa parthenogeneis.

Pambuyo pa miyezi 8-8,5, pomwe amayi amateteza mwachangu ana amtsogolo, a Komodo abulu aang'ono. Izi zimachitika mu Epulo-Meyi. Kutalika kwa abuluzi obadwa kumene sikupitirira 27-30 cm, koma abuluzi amayang'anira msanga amakula msanga, ndipo pofika miyezi itatu kukula kwawo pafupifupi kawiri. Wamanyazi, mosiyana ndi achikulire, abuluzi achinyamata a Komodo amakonda kuthera nthawi yoyamba pamitengo, kubisala m'nthambi pachiwopsezo chilichonse. Mmenemo ndiwosatheka ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya komanso abale awo akale, chifukwa chosowa chakudya a Komodo abuluzi amachita chizolowezi.

Komodo buluzi komanso bambo

Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu zomwe zikutsogolera kuwonongeka kwa moyo wa buluzi wa Komodo, buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano akuwopsezedwa kuti atha, ndipo anthu ake akucheperachepera. Chifukwa chake buluzi wa Komodo adalembedwa pa Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN. Mu 1980, Komodo National Park idapangidwa ku Indonesia m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, makamaka kuti ipangidwe kuteteza "dragons" a Komodo. Kuyambira 1991, pakiyo yakhala malo osungira zachilengedwe ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Buluzi wa Komodo ndi nyama yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwa anthu, komabe buluzi sili pachiwopsezo cha munthu wamkulu. Komabe, zenizeni zakuwukira kwa chinjoka cha Komodo pa anthu zidalembedwa pomwe nyamayo idaganiza munthu kuti idye, idanunkhiza kununkhira kwake ndikuigwirizanitsa ndi malingaliro ake. Kuluma kwa buluzi wa Komodo sikumangokhala wowawa komanso wowopsa, komanso owopsa chifukwa cha poizoni, ma bacteria ndi poizoni omwe amapezeka m'malo mwake. Ngati mulibe chithandizo chanthawi yake, kuluma kumabweretsa poyizoni wa magazi ndipo kumatha kupha.

Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amatha kuthana ndi mwana wosakwana zaka 10, ndikumupweteketsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kupha (milandu ngati imeneyi idalembedwa kuzilumba za Indonesia. Buluzi wa Komodo amakhala olimba kwambiri m'zaka zouma komanso zamatendawa: apa ndi pomwe abulutsi akuluakulu amayimba kuti afikire pafupi ndi malo okhala munthu, pomwe amakopeka ndi fungo la zinyalala za chakudya.

Pali nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya, abuluzi a Komodo adakumba m'manda osaya anthu, ndikumachotsa mitembo ya manda. Chochitika chosasangalatsa ichi chidakakamiza ana aang'ono a Sunda Islands kuti akaike womwalirayo pamakoma a konkire. Pokhala ndi fungo labwino, Komodos yowunika abuluzi amatha kununkhira magazi kutali kwambiri. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kuwukira kwa nyama zazikuluzikulu izi zamagulu oyendera alendo kunalembedwa, mamembala omwe anali ndi zikopa zochepa kwambiri, kapena gulu linaphatikizira azimayi omwe ali ndi gawo lotha kusamba. Masiku ano, alendo onse omwe amapita kuzilumba za Indonesia, komwe abuluzi a Komodo amakhala, amakhala ndi akatswiri odziwa ntchito okhala ndi zida zapadera kuti ateteze abuluzi.Kupha abuluzi a Komodo ndizoletsedwa mwamalamulo, chifukwa chake, anthu ankhanza kwambiri amagwidwa ndikusunthidwa kumalo osakhalako a zisumbu.