Wowonekera modabwitsa (lat. Somateria fischeri) - mitundu yachilendo ya mbalame yochokera kubanja la abakha. Amadziwikanso kuti Fisher Gaga polemekeza wasayansi wachilengedwe cha Russia a Grigory Ivanovich Fisher von Waldheim (1771-1853).

Mbalamezi zimakhala m'mphepete mwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi Alaska, komanso pachilumba cha St. Lawrence. M'nyengo yozizira, madziwo akaphimbidwa ndi ayezi, anthu owoneka okongola ku Russia amawuluka kumwera, kumene kuli magawo a nyanja ya Bering.

Ichi ndi bakha wamkulu wamkulu wokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso thupi lalikulu. Ngakhale ali wocheperako kuposa abale ake apamtima a eider eider ndi comb eider: kutalika kwa thupi lake kuchokera pa 51 mpaka 58 masentimita ndi kulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 1.63.

Kukula kwa chiwonetsero chazomwe zili mumapulamu ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya abakha akumpoto malinga ndi dongosolo lopangidwa bwino pamutu: pali malo akulu otupa kuzungulira maso, omwe amatchedwa "Magalasi", omwe awiriwo amafika masentimita atatu. Mtundu wake umafanana ndi zovala zaukwati za munthu wamba wamba - zimakhala ndi kirimu loyera chimodzimodzi. Komabe, chifuwa cha wowonera wowonekera samakhala wapinki, koma wakuda, komanso m'mimba ndi Hype.

M'chilimwe, chimatha kukhala chokongola kwambiri: mutu umakutidwa ndi nthenga za imvi zazikulu, chifuwa chimakhala chofiirira, ndipo m'mimba ndimayera imvi. Ngakhale magalasi pafupifupi amaphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wambiri wamapaula.

Wamkazi wa mtundu uwu wa abakha sakonda kusintha zovala. Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira komanso wopanda masamba chaka chonse. Sichosiyana ndi chisa, ndipo mutha kuchizindikira ndi magalasi amtambo wonyezimira ndi maula m'munsi mwa mulomo, womwe m'magulu onse awiriwa umawoneka ngati wopitilira mbali zam'mphuno, ukukwera pamlomo.

Makina owoneka bwino amawuluka kupita ku malo odyera m'mwezi wa Meyi-June ali awiriawiri. Abakha aku Russia amasankha malowa m'mbali mwa tundra pakati pa mitsinje ya Kolyma ndi Indigirka. Anthu aku America amakonda gombe la Alaska kumwera kwa Gulf of Bristol kuchokera ku Cape Barrow. Chachikulu ndichakuti pakhale madambo ang'onoang'ono ambiri, njira zamtsinje kapena mapepala abwino pano.

Yaikazi imamanga chisa pa tubercle youma udzu, ikasankha malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Nyumba yabakha ndi dzenje losaya ndi mitolo ingapo yamasamba. Pakadutsa maola 24, mbalameyi imayikira mazira 4 kapena 6, ndikuwaphimba ndi nthenga zake zomwe.

Amayi amasamalira anapiye okha, popeza tateyo amawulukira kumanzere atatsala pang'ono kubereka. Amphaka amtundu wonyezimira amabadwa patatha masiku 24 ndipo nthawi yomweyo atanyamula amatsatira mkaziyo kumadzi. Asanaphunzire kuuluka, banja lonse limakhala kutali ndi nyanja yopanda dziwe laling'ono lamadzi abwino.

Apa amadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, nthangala za udzu, zipatso ndi mphukira zamera. Ana atakula, amapita kunyanja limodzi ndi amayi awo, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wawo kukadyetsa maboliboli ndi ma crustaceans, omwe amayenera kulowera pansi.

Ming'alu imakhala ndi mapiko ikakwanitsa masiku 50-54, ndipo mu Seputembala imawulukira nthawi yachisanu. Apa owonerera amawonetsedwa m'magulu akulu, ndikupanga magulu akuluakulu m'malo opezeka nyanja. Mwinanso, amabisala kutali ndi gombe lotseguka kunyanja.

Macaw parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Gaga ndi bakha wamkulu wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi khosi lalifupi, mutu waukulu komanso mulomo wapampopi, wokumbukira za tsekwe. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumayambira 50 mpaka 70 cm, mapiko ndi 80-110 cm, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 1,8 mpaka 3 kg.

Zowonjezera zamphongo zazimuna wamba kumbuyo ndizoyera kwambiri, kupatula chophimba chakuda chakuda chomwe chili pachikongolero cha mutu, nape wobiriwira ndi muzzle wakuda. M'chifuwa mumakhala zonunkhira bwino zapinki. M'mimba ndi m'mbali mwake ndi zakuda, zokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera pamkatikati. Mtundu wa mulomo umasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wake: chikasu cha lalanje, chobiliwira chimapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, mulomo mutha kukongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Utoto wamtundu wamba wamtundu wakuda ndi wamtundu wakuda m'misempha yakuda, makamaka wotchulidwa kumbuyo. Mlomo wake ndi wa maolivi wobiriwira kapena wa maolivi, wobiriwira kuposa wamphongo.

Kukula kwachichepere nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi mkazi m'madzi ambiri, koma kumakhala kosiyanasiyana mumtambo wamtundu umodzi, wokongoletsedwa ndi mozungulira wopendekera. Tummy ndi utoto.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Maziko a zakudya za gaga ndizopatsa chidwi (chokonda cha mbalame - mussels), zomwe amapeza munyanja. Pazakudya zawo gaga amaphatikiza ma invertebrates am'madzi: crustaceans, echinoderms ndi ena. Gaga amadya nsomba kawirikawiri. Nthawi yakudyaku, zazikazi zimatha kudya zakudya zomwe zimapeza pagombe (algae, zipatso, mbewu ndi masamba a udzu).

Ma eider amatulutsa chakudya chawo masana, kutsamira pansi pa nyanja, nthawi zambiri mpaka akuya mamita 2 mpaka 4. Koma mbalamezi zimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mpaka 20 m ndipo zimakhala pansi pa madzi kwa nthawi yopitilira mphindi imodzi. Mtsogoleri wa gululi amayamba woyamba kulowa m'madzi, ndipo aliyense amamutsatira.

Gaga amametsa chakudya chonsecho. "Kusaka" kumatenga mphindi 15 mpaka theka la ola, kenako mbalamezo zimapuma ndikupuma pagombe. Nthawi yozizira, chiwombankhanga chimapulumutsa mphamvu, zimayesetsa kugwira nyama zazikulu, kapena zimatha kukana chakudya nthawi yonse yozizira.

Dera

Malo omwe amagawika ma eider owoneka bwino ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zochepa kwambiri. Malo ofikira kwambiri a mbalamezi amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic ku Russia pamilambo ya mitsinje ya Kolyma ndi Indigirka, mumalire mwa tundra pakati pa mitsinje iyi, komanso m'chigawo cha Yukon ku Alaska. Dera lakumadzulo kwambiri ku Eastern Siberia, komwe kumapezeka z mbalame, liyenera kuganiziridwa kuti Yana Delta, kum'mawa kwambiri - Kolyuchinskaya Bay. Ku America, anthu obwera kukhala m'mphepete mwa Alaska kuchokera ku Cape Barrow kumwera kwa Gulf of Bristol, komanso chilumba cha St. Lawrence.

M'nyengo yozizira, madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja onsewa amakhala ndi ayezi wokulirapo, ndipo mbalame, mwakuthekera, zimasunthira kumwera kuzigawo za Nyanja ya Bering. Ndege zopatula za mbalamezi zinajambulidwa ku California (1893), ku Norway (1933, 1970), mdera la Murmansk (1938), pachilumba cha Vancouver (1962).

Kuswana

Chiyambireni nyengo ya kuswana mu Meyi-Juni. Abakha amawulukira kumalo osungirako zinyama ndi awiriawiri opangidwa kale. Sakhala m'magulu ndipo, monga lamulo, amangokhala mosiyana ndi ena owonda, akukhala m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono okhala m'mphepete mwamchenga. Nthawi zina, m'madzi akulu akulu okhala ndi gombe lolimba, awiriawiri amatha kukhala nthawi imodzi kuyandikana. Malo a chisa, nthawi zambiri pamatumbu owuma a udzu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino pafupi ndi madzi, amasankhidwa ndi achikazi, nthawi zambiri amatsatira ndi chachimuna. Amakumba dzenje losaya munthaka kapena pansi, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera maudzu angapo namsongole ndikudziikira mazira 4-5 ndi dzira limodzi patsiku. Mukamachulukitsa, bakha amakuphimba mazirawo ndi fluff, ndikukuwachotsa pachifuwa pake. Nthawi zina ngakhale mbadwa zisanachitike, chimbudzi cha pafupi chimawuma, ndipo madzi oyandikana nawo amakhala patali kwambiri ndi chisa.

Chiyambireni cha makulidwe ngakhale isanayike dzira lotsiriza, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masiku 24. Pakumanga kwathunthu, bakayo amakhala mwamphamvu - monga munthu wamba, mutha kuyandikira pafupi ndi kukhudza. Nkhupakupa zimabadwa patangopita maola ochepa. Amakutidwa ndi imvi bulauni pamwamba ndikuyera pansi kuchokera pansi, ndipo atangotsala pang'ono kunyamuka amasiya chisa ndikutsatira chachikazi kupita kumadzi. Pamene anapiyewo sangathe kuuluka, banjali limasungidwa kutali ndi nyanja mu thupi lamadzi abwino pafupi ndi chisa. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali pakuyamba kubala ndi chibwenzi cha ana, ndikusiya chachikazi atangoika dzira lotsiriza, nanyamuka. Ming'alu imakhala ndi mapiko pomwe imakwanitsa masiku 50-53, kenako imawulukira kupita kunyanja ndikumafalikira.

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe owoneka bwino

Fisher's eider ndi wamkulu kwambiri, amodzi mwamabanja akulu kwambiri. Ali ndi mutu waukulu, khosi lalifupi komanso mkamwa wautali, woluka. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 55-60 cm, kulemera kwa abambo wamba kumakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Utoto wamaso owoneka bwino kwambiri ukhoza kufananizidwa ndi wamphongo wamunthu wamba - uli ndi mutu wofewa wowoneka ngati zonona, malo onenepa kwambiri pamwamba pa mchira ndi kuzungulira pamimba. Koma m'malo owiririka, bere limakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki, koma mawonekedwe ake amakhala ndi nthenga zakuda. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mbalame zamtunduwu ndi mawanga akuluakulu owazungulira, omwe anapatsa dzinaalo. Ma drake ali ndi mawanga oyera okhala ndi malire akuda, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi magalasi ofiira kapena otuwa. Chinanso ndi mulomo wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo, womwe umadziwika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi onse. Kumbuyo kwa mutu, wowonetsa zowonekerayo ali ndi nthenga zabwino zazitali zomwe amapanga mane kapena gulu. Utoto wamphongo ndi wowala bwino - pamphumi ndi masaya, komanso kumtunda kwa mutu, ndi kobiriwira, mulomo ndiwotuwa-lalanje. Mtundu wofananawo ndi wofanana ndi nyengo yakukhwima, koma m'chilimwe kukongola kwa chovalacho kutayika, wamphongo amapezanso imvi. Chowala chowoneka chachikazi sichosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe chimayimira mitunduyi; nthawi iliyonse pachaka imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga ang'ono owala. Kuchokera ku mitundu ina, yaikazi yowonerera imasiyanasiyana kokha m'malo ake owoneka ndi maso.

Kudyetsa nkhuku ndi kumata chisa

Woyang'ana kutsogolo si mbalame yodya nyama, imadyanso makamaka ma bulo, komwe ndikofunikira kuthawira pansi mwakuya. Kuphatikiza apo, wovundayo amatha kusangalala ndi crustaceans ndi nsomba zazing'ono, koma ichi sindiwo chakudya chake chachikulu. Nthawi yakudyaku, pamene wovutayo amatha nthawi yayitali pagombe, mbalame zazimbalangondo zimakonda kudya zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono, ndi nthangala za udzu. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mphutsi zake zimapezekanso muzakudya.

Wodumphayo amawuluka kupita ku malo osungira zokhazokha omwe ali kale, pomwe mkaziyo amapeza malo oti amange chisa. Monga lamulo, awa ndi malo omwe malo omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja omwe ali ndi malo otsetsereka amawoneka bwino. Zideru zowoneka bwino zimasiyana padera ndi mbalame zina komanso abale. Nthawi zambiri, magulu awiri owoneka bwino amatha kukhala m'malo omwe ali pagombe. Pobisalira udzu, njuchi zimatsuka moss kapena dothi, ndikukhomera bedi la chisa ndi namsongole. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira pafupifupi 5, omwe amayikidwa mu mzere kwa masiku angapo. Yaikazi amasungitsa ana ake mosamala ndi fumbi lotenthetsera la mafuta ake. Mayi wamtsogolo amakhala pamazira mwamphamvu, amateteza anapiye, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali pafupi ndi mnzakeyo. Ng'ombezo zimagona kwa pafupifupi milungu 3-4, anapiyewo amabwadamuka palimodzi, pakapita maola angapo. Amuna samatenga nawo gawo kuwaswa ndi kudyetsa anapiye, atangoika dzira lomaliza amachoka. Akadzangomera, amodzi amawatenga kupita nawo kumadzi. Monga lamulo, miyezi itatu yoyambirira anapiye amakhala m'madzi opanda madzi ndipo pokhapokha atatha, amayi awo amadzatsogolera ana kupita kunyanja, kumene achinyamata pang'onopang'ono amabalalika.

Zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi zowonera eider

Tikamaphunzira zambiri za mbalame zamitundumitundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo wawo imawonekera mosiyanasiyana.

1. Ambiri mwa anapiye a woonerera sakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha zilombo zomwe sizikufuna kudya phwando la ana. Mbalame zodya nyama zimapeza chakudya chazochitidwa ndi anapiye, omwe amagawidwa m'nkhokwe zowirira.
2. Kutolere kwa chiwonetsero cha eider fluff sikuchitika mosiyana ndi mbalame wamba zamtunduwu. Zovala zofewa komanso zosavomerezeka zosapangidwa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku fluff ya eider wamba, yomwe imatha kuteteza ku kuzizira ngakhale ozizira kwambiri. Pooh amasonkhanitsidwa mu zisa zomwe anapiye adaberekera - kuchuluka kwa anthu samakumana ndi zotere. Ndiwonso chinthu chofunikira popanga zovala zokwerera.

Spideracled eider imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, omwe nthawi zina amawoneka oseketsa komanso osasangalatsa. Komabe, mbalameyo ndi yanzeru komanso yachilendo, yomwe idalola kuti itenge malo ake oyenera pakati pa okonda m'mitima ya akatswiri ambiri a zamankhwala.

Mandrill

Mandrill ndi nyani wamkulu kwambiri, yemwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wake wowala. Mtundu wa mandrils ndi umodzi mwamawonekedwe abwino kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri pakati pa anyani ndi anyani ambiri. Ma bango okhala ndi mphuno amapaka utoto wamtambo kapena wabuluu. Mphuno ndi yofiira kwambiri, ndipo kumbali za nkhope ndi ndevu zimakhala ndi zoyera, zachikaso, nthawi zina lalanje, tsitsi. Mtundu wa pakhungu m'mabotolo umachokera ku ubuluu-buluu mpaka buluu, nthawi zina utoto. Akazi amakhala akuda kwambiri kuposa amuna.

Axolotl

Axolotl ndi cholengedwa chapamwamba, chomwe dzina lake - Axolotl - limatanthauzira kuti "galu wamadzi" kapena "chilombo chamadzi", chomwe chimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ake: axolotl imawoneka ngati newt yayikulu, yokhala ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi zigawo zitatu za gill zakunja zomatira kumphepete.

Zithaphwi Zazikulu

Marmoset wam'madzi ndi amodzi mwa oimira ang'ono kwambiri gulu lonse lamalonda. Kukula kwa anyaniwa kumangoyambira masentimita 11 mpaka 15, osawerengetsa mchira kutalika kuyambira 17 mpaka 22. Kulemera kwa marmosets amamera kumayambira 100 mpaka 150. Tsitsi lalitali pamutu ndi pachifuwa limapereka chithunzi cha mane.

Kufalikira kwa mbalame

Eider ali ponseponse pafupi ndi Arctic, subarctic komanso kumpoto kotentha kwa Canada, Europe ndi Eastern Siberia. Mbalame zimapezeka kum'mawa kwa North America, ku Hudson's Bay, James Bay, ku Labrador Peninsula, zilumba za Newfoundland, Cornwallis, Southampton, Somerset. Matalala amapezekanso ku Alaska, zilumba za Aleutian komanso zilumba za St. Lawrence ndi St. Matthew.

Kwa okhala pachisa, amasankha zilumba zazing'ono zomwe sizimakhala, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe za ku Arctic.

Ngakhale kuti nyengo yakumpoto ndi yakuuma, iwo samayenda mwanjira zambiri osachoka m'malo mwake mpaka nyanja itakutidwa ndi ayezi, ndipo mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya chawochokha. Nthawi yomweyo, kwa omwe akukhala nthawi yachisanu amatha kupitilira kumpoto, osati kumwera. Anthu ambiri ku Europe amakhala.

Wowonerera kapena Fisher Gaga (Somateria fischeri)

Mbalame yayikulu mokwanira thupi lalikulu, yokhala ndi mutu waukulu pakhosi lalifupi komanso mulomo wamtali wopindika. Kutalika kwa thupi kumachokera pa 51 mpaka 58 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.5 kg.

Wamphongo wokhala ndi maonekedwe ofanana ndi amphongo amunthu wamba. Ali ndi kirimu-yoyera yomweyo, nuhvoste wamdima komanso tummy. Komabe, bere la mtunduwu ndi lakuda, ndipo mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga akulu. Malo omwewo, amakumbukira magalasi, amapezeka mozungulira maso a mbalameyo. Mphumi, korona ndi masaya amphongo ndizobiriwira, mulomo ndi lalanje. M'chilimwe, mutu ndi m'mimba mwaimuna zimayamba imvi, ndipo chifuwa chimakhala chofiirira.

Zowonjezera zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira pamtundu wawung'ono chaka chonse. Ndizofanana kwambiri ndi wamba komanso wothandizirana, mutha kusiyanitsa ndi "mfundo" zodziwika.

Kukula kwachinyamata kwa ma opaleshoni ndi ofanana ndi akazi, koma kumakhala kosalala komanso kochepa tamba.

Mitunduyi imakhala m'malo opapatiza - m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic ku Russia, mumalire pang'ono tundra pakati pa mabondo a Kolyma ndi Indigirka, komanso ku Yukon Delta ku Alaska.

Gaga-comb (Somateria spectabilis)

Kukula kwa mitunduyo ndi kocheperako komanso kochepera kuposa wamba wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumachokera pa 55 mpaka 65 cm, mapiko ndi 85 cm5 cm, unyinji wa amuna umachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2.5 kg, unyinji wa akazi umayambira 1 mpaka 2 kg.

Mankhwala achimuna ndi owala. Pamwamba pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli penti utoto wamtambo wonyezimira wokhala ndi mutu wofiirira, masaya ali obiriwira, mulomo ndi ofiira owoneka bwino, pamphumi limakongoletsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa lalanje mumawonekedwe a crest (chifukwa chomwe lingaliro lidatenga dzina lake), lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi mikwaso yakuda.Gawo lakumunsi kwa khosi ndi bere ndi la pinki-lalanje, utoto wakutsogolo kutsogolo umakhala wakuda ndi masamba oyera m'mbali za thupi. M'nyengo yotentha, yamphongo imakhala yofiirira komanso nthenga zoyera kumbuyo ndi goiter. Mapapu ndi achikasu chikasu kapena mtundu wa lalanje.

Mwa chachikazi, mankhwalawa amachitidwanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma amakhala abulauni; nthawi yamasika komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe. Mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka pamutu ndi kumbuyo. Mbali yam'munsi yamapikoyo ndi yopepuka komanso yopyapyala malire ofiira. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, wamfupi.

Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi mkazi wamkulu, zimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'mbali zonse za Arctic Circle, kupatula gombe la Iceland ndi Norway. Zoyesa zamkati zazilumba zazisumbu za zisumbu za Canada.

Mitunduyi imasamukira, nthawi yozizira pama nyanja osapanga ayezi mpaka pagombe lakumwera kwa Greenland, Kamchatka, Zilumba za Aleutian ndi Newfoundland.

Amuna ndi akazi omwe amabadwa: kusiyana kwakukulu

Gaga imadziwika ndi gawo logonana. Amuna a mitundu yonse ndi owoneka bwino kuposa akazi. Mu kuchuluka kwawo, mitundu yoyera imapambana: yakuda, yoyera, yobiriwira. Akazi ali ngati abakha wamba. Amapakidwa bulauni ndi makoko. Amasiyanitsidwanso ndi mulomo wakuda kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna. Kukula achinyamata nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati akazi.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame

• Mkati mwa sabata loyamba la moyo (pakati pa kuwonekera kwa ma eider amkuwala ndikuwala kwawo m'madzi), anapiye ambiri amakhala olusa. M'madera a polar, kadzidzi zoyera ndi nkhandwe za arctic zimasaka kwambiri. M'malo akumwera, amagwidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mbewa yoyera, nkhandwe zofiira ndi kadzidzi wa mphungu.
• Kuteteza eider wamba, malo opangira mbalame, a Sant Hubert, adakonzedwa koyamba.
• Kuwala kwamtunda ndi kotentha kumakhala kodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mapilo ndi zofunda, komanso zovala zotentha za kumpoto, okwera ndi okalamba. Eiderdown amadziwika ndi otsika matenthedwe mayendedwe, elasticity ndi otsika thupi, chifukwa chomwe fluff imeneyi imaposa fluff ya mbalame zina. Mayiko ambiri akumpoto akutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yosonkhanitsa ndi fluff, koma ku Iceland ndi omwe amatsogolera posodza. Pazaka za XV ndi XVI, ogula aku Iceland adagulitsa ku England komweko. Kututa fodya uyu ku Russia. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za zana la 16, pomor adagula pachilumba cha Spitsbergen, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 17, ogulitsa aku Russia, pakati pazinthu zina, adatumiza ku Holland zomwe zimadziwika kuti "bird fluff". Nesting fluff yomwe imamera pamimba yazimayi imasiyana pakapangidwe ka thupi lawo pakhungu. Izi fluff ndi yayitali, imakhala ndi zochulukirapo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimangamira wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chomwe kupendekera kwodziwika bwino kwa eider pansi kumawonekera. Chifukwa chaichi kuti fluff amatenga zisa ndipo osatulutsidwa mbalame zakufa. Masiku ano ku Iceland kuli magulu a mizinda yodziwika bwino, omwe amapangidwira mbalamezi, zomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kunja.
• Ziwombankhanga zimangokhalira kulira pakubzala, nthawi yonseyo mbalame zikangokhala chete. Yaimuna imangokhala khutu ndipo imafalitsa “aguu-aguu” nthawi yakukhwima. Mawu ake akumveka ngati kulira kwa chiwombankhanga. Mawu a akazi ali ngati kakhwawa ndipo akumveka ngati "cr-crr".

Zizindikiro zakunja za mawonekedwe owoneka bwino

Spiderition eider ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 58 cm, kulemera: kuchokera 1400 mpaka 1800 magalamu.

Ndi yaying'ono kuposa mitundu ina ya eyider, koma kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi chimodzimodzi. Spideracled eider imadziwika mosavuta ndi utoto wa mutu. Zowonjezera kuchokera pakamwa mpaka mphuno ndi magalasi amawonekera nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Zowonjezera zazimuna ndi zazikazi ndizosiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu la nthenga limasinthanso nyengo.

Zowonjezera zazikazi ndi zazimuna ndizosiyana

Mu nyengo yakukhwima ya mwanalume wachikulire, pakati pa chisoti chamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndiwobiriwira maolivi, nthenga zimasungunuka pang'ono. Diski yoyera yayikulu yokhala ndi zokutira zakuda kuzungulira maso imakhala nthenga zazing'ono zolimba zotchedwa 'magalasi'. Khosi, chifuwa chapamwamba komanso dera lapamwamba lakutidwa ndi nthenga zokuluka, zazitali. Nthenga za mchira, kumtunda ndi m'munsi kumbuyo ndi zakuda. Nthenga zopindika za mapikowo ndi zoyera, kusiyana ndi nthenga zazikulu zophatikizika ndi zina zowala za mtundu wakuda. Underwings imvi - yosuta, yoyipa ya axillary.

Zowoneka zazikazi ndi zofiirira - zofiira pakhungu ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu ikulu ndipo mbali zake ndi zakuda.

Mutu ndi kutsogolo kwa khosi ndizodumphira kuposa zamphongo. Magalasiwo ndi a bulauni, osatchulika, koma amawoneka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe amapanga ndi mphumi wakuda ndi iris yakuda. Pamwamba pa mapikowo ndi zofiirira, kuyambira pansi penipeni pamtambo wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira.

Zamoyo zazimuna zachikulire

Ana onse ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mitundu yowoneka ngati mbalame. Komabe, mikwingwirima yopapatiza pamwamba komanso magalasiwo sawoneka bwino, komabe, akuwoneka.

Malo owoneka mozungulira

Zomera zowoneka bwino za tundra m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kwanuko mkati mwa nyanja, mpaka 120 km kuchokera pagombe. M'chilimwe chimapezeka m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja, nyanja zazing'ono, madambo, mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya tundra. M'nyengo yozizira imawonekera munyanja, kumalire akumwera a mzere.

Zomera zowoneka bwino za tundra m'mbali mwa nyanja

Kufalikira kwa mawonekedwe owonekera

Chowoneka modabwitsa chimafikira kugombe la Eastern Siberia; chitha kuwonekera kuyambira pakamwa pa Lena kupita ku Kamchatka. Ku North America, komwe kumapezeka m'mphepete mwa Alaska kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Colville. Kupumula kwake kwapezeka posachedwa, mu pepala losungika lamadzi pakati pa St. Lawrence ndi chilumba cha Matthew ku Bering Sea.

Wowoneka moyang'ana m'mayendedwe

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe owonekera modabwitsa

Zizolowezi zamunthu wowoneka bwino samaphunziridwa pang'ono, ndizoposa mbalame yobisalira komanso yokhala chete. Amacheza kwambiri ndi abale ake, koma mapangidwe amasukulu siwofunikira kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. M'malo oswana, wowonetsa mawonekedwe amakhala ngati bakha pamtunda. Komabe, akuwoneka wosasangalatsa. Nthawi yakukhwima, munthu wowoneka ngati wamwamuna amapanga mawu amkokomo.

Wowoneka bwino wa Gaga wobisalira komanso mbalame yokhala chete

Kudya zowoneka bwino

Chowoneka modabwitsa ndi mbalame yopatsa chidwi. Nthawi yakuswana, chakudya chamagulu owoneka bwino ndi awa:

• tizilombo
• osoweka
• otchera
• madzi amadzi.

M'chilimwe, chimadyanso mbewu zapadziko lapansi, zipatso, nthangala, ndikuthiranso chakudya cha arachnids. Wowoneka bwino wovundikira sakonda kuyenda m'madzi, makamaka amapeza chakudya pamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, imaponya zisa munyanja, momwe imafunira kuzama kwakukulu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimadya mphutsi za ntchentche za caddis.

Zoyerekeza zazing'ono zamawonekedwe okongola

Chiwerengero cha owoneka owoneka bwino

Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chodabwitsachi chikuyembekezeka pafupifupi anthu 330,000-390000. Ngakhale anayesa kuletsa kuchulukitsa kwa mbalame poberekera muukapolo, kuyesako sikunabweretse zotsatira zapadera. Kuchepa komweko kwa chiwerengero cha owonera zowonera kudadziwika ku Russia. Pa kampu yozizira yozizira mu 1995, 155,000 adawerengedwa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu obwera kudzaona malo ku Russia chaposachedwa chikuyerekeza pafupifupi 100,000 mpaka 10,000 magulu awiri ozizira komanso anthu ozizira 100,000 mpaka 10,000, ngakhale izi zikuyerekeza. Kuwerengetsa komwe kudachitika ku Northern Alaska nthawi ya 1993-1995 kunawonetsa kukhalapo kwa mbalame 7000-10000, zopanda chizindikiro.

Mbalame yowoneka modabwitsa

Kafukufuku waposachedwa apeza chidwi chachikulu cha chidwi kwambiri mu nyanja ya Bering kumwera kwa chilumba cha St. Lawrence. Osachepera pafupifupi 333,000 mbalame nthawi yozizira m'malo awa mu magulu amtundu umodzi pamadzi oundana a Nyanja ya Bering.

Kusunga mawonekedwe owoneka mochititsa chidwi

Spideracled eider ndi mbalame yosowa, makamaka chifukwa cha malo ake ochepa ogawa. M'mbuyomu, zolengedwa zamtunduwu zidalemba kuchepa kwa ziwerengero. M'mbuyomu, Eskimos adasakira nyama yowonera, poganiza kuti nyama yake ndi yokoma. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu lolimba ndi mazira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera. Ubwino wina wa chiwonetserochi, chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha anthu ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a utoto wa mbalame.

Kukhathamira kwa Eider

Popewa kuchepa, anayesesa kubereka agalu ogwidwa, koma izi zidawoneka zovuta mu nyengo yachilimwe komanso yovuta kwambiri ya Arctic. Makungu owoneka okondweretsedwa adagwidwa mu 1976. Vuto lalikulu pakupulumuka kwa mbalame zachilengedwe ndi malo enieni a malo osungirako nyama. Ndikofunikira kudziwa ndi kuzikonza, chifukwa malo omwe mbalameyi imakhala ingawonongeke mwangozi, makamaka ngati chowonera chimakhala chochepa m'malo ochepa.

Kuti asunge nkhokwe yosowa chonchi mu 2000, United States idagawa malo okhala 62.386 km2 omwe anali owoneka modabwitsa.

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