Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Mbalame yaying'ono (yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mpheta) yomwe ili ndi thupi lozungulira komanso mchira wautali kwambiri wopindika. Kutalika kwa thupi 13-16 masentimita, kulemera kwa 6-10 g. Nthawi zambiri pachaka pagulu lomwe limakhala lotseguka, imawuluka nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuyenda limodzi ndi mayendedwe awo ndikumayimba kosiyilira kwa kulira. Kuuluka sikumayenderana, kukuyenda mothinana. Mbalameyi imawonekera kwambiri, tanthauzo lake silovuta.

Kufotokozera. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto womwewo. Mwa magulu awo ankhondo, magulu ankhondo amapanga mitundu yoposa 15, pomwe atatuwo akuimiridwa ku Europe Russia. Kucoka m'nkhalango za kumpoto kwa taiga kupita kumapiri a Caucasus, komwe kumakhala pafupifupi dera lonselo, A. c. caudatus. M'malo mwa mbalamezi, mutu wonse ndi thupi lotsika ndi loyera, ndi timiyala tofiirira ta pinki m'mphepete ndi underwear. Kumbuyo ndikuda, komwe ndimakhala ndi pinki wonyezimira. Mapikowo ndi akuda, okhala ndi malire oyera nthenga zachiwiri ndi zapamwamba, komanso kumapeto kwa nthenga zaphiri zachiwiri. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi nthenga zoyera kwambiri za mchira. Mlomo ndi waufupi kwambiri, wakuda. Maso akuda. Khungu la ma eyel ali maliseche, mtundu wake umatha kukhala wachikasu mpaka lalanje lowala, pafupifupi wofiyira. Zilonda zakuda.

Asilikari aku Caucasian A. c. chachikulu - Akuluakulu ndi achinyamata ali ndi "nsidze" zazitali zofiirira pamaso oyipa amisamba, omwe amayamba kuyambira pamphumi, amapita pamwamba pa diso ndi khutu ndikupita kumbuyo. Kukula kwa nsidze ndi kosiyana. Korona ndi nape wowala, owoneka ndi zofiirira pamasaya ndi makutu. Kumbuyo kwa mbalame zaku Caucasus ndi imvi, kuwala kwa pinki pamapewa akumapewa sikukuka bwino, koma m'mimba ndi m'mbali mwake ndimatalala kwambiri kuposa mbalame zaku Europe.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iyi, asitikali aku Central Europe nthawi zina amauluka m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad A. c. europaeus, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi mbalame zathu zapaziwisi, koma zimasiyana pakumasiyanitsa nsidze zakuda ndi mtundu wapinki wapamwamba kwambiri wamankhwala am'mimba. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire. Toni yamtundu wapamwamba wamtundu wakuda ndi wakuda, utoto wa pinki m'mapulogalamu pafupifupi ulibe. Pansi pa thupilo ndi loyera, ndipo lophimba kumata. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikupezeka kwa "chigoba" chofiirira chakuda kwambiri chomwe chimaphimba mbali zonse za mutu, khosi lokongola ndi korona lokha loyera.

Mawu wochepa thupi, wodekha, koma wokwera kwambiri. Kuyimba: Zitatu Zosankhidwaizi-izi-izi. "Kubowola pang'ono"owaza. CRRR "kapena"serr. serr. ". Nyimboyi ndi yovuta, ikulira, nthawi zambiri siyimva.

Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Dera lokhalamo nkhalango ku Eurasia kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Pacific Ocean ndi Southeast Asia. Ku Russia Russia, imagawidwa kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yamitengo; gawo lakutali lomwe limakwirira Caucasus. M'malo ambiri simakhala zachilendo ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri.

Moyo. M'malo mwake mumakhala nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi masamba obiriwira, okhala m'nkhalango zowirira. M'nyengo yozizira, imapezeka mu mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: m'nkhalango, malamba amtchire, mapaki, minda, ngakhale m'mabedi a mabango ndi zitsamba zotsika. Munthawi zambiri, ndi mtundu womwe umangokhala; m'nthawi yocheza ndi kuchepa, kusamuka kwakanthawi kumadziwika. Amadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso ma invertebrates ena, mazira ndi mphutsi. Amasaka chakudya m'makona a mitengo ndi zitsamba, nthawi zina chimapendekera pansi mpaka kumapeto kwa nthambi zoonda. Malo okhala mahatchi amatha kuwoneka ngati gawo la magulu oswana a mbalame.

Chidacho chimakhala pa foloko mu nthambi yayikulu kapena pakati pa nthambi ndi mtengo. Pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamitala atatu kuchokera pansi, osakwera kwambiri. Ndi mulingo wotsekemera wokhala ndi mazira wozungulira wakutalika kwa 10 × 20 cm.Makomawo amapangidwa ndi moss, ulusi wazomera, cobwebs, lichens ndi birch bark kuti pamwamba pa chisa sichitha kusiyanika bwino ndi maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ochokera kudera loyandikana nalo. Khomo lolowera chisa cham'mbali, matayala amakhala ndi nthenga zambiri. Mu clutch pali mazira oyera 6 mpaka 16 okhala ndi timadontho tating'ono tofiirira. Akazi okhawo omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu, nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 12-18. Tsitsi limakhala maliseche, milomo yamlomo ndi milomo yazikasu ndi zachikaso. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana oyamwa, mwa izi nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi "othandizira" - mbalame, pazifukwa zina zomwe zimasiyidwa popanda awiri. Anapiyewo amachoka chisa ali ndi zaka 14-18, kwa masiku ena 14, akuluakulu amawadyetsa atachoka chisa. Magulu abanja samatha nthawi yonse yachisanu.

Chotupa, kapena Long Tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus)

Mawonekedwe

Imalemera 8-9 g. Zowonjezereka zake, monga mitundu ina yazitali zazitali, ndizotayirira kwambiri komanso mwachangu, kuchokera patali mbalame zimawoneka ngati mpira ndi mchira wautali. Imafanana ndi supuni yothira, chifukwa chake dzina lodziwika bwino la titmouse iyi ndi hering'i. Mayina ena am'derali kapena achikale amtunduwu: apollard, apollonovka (wolondola - wozindikira, appolovka), pikoko, pheasant, caudate, mliri, mphesa, wakhungu wautali.

Mtundu wake umaphatikiza yoyera, yakuda ndi yoyera ndi yoyera. Mutu, khosi komanso mbali zambiri zam'munsi za thupi ndi zoyera, mbali yakumbuyo, chonyadira komanso mbali ina ndikuwuluka ndipo nthenga zawo zimakhala zakuda, mbali yakumbuyo ndi ya bulauni kapena ya pinki m'malo mwake, nthenga zotchinga za mchira ndi mbali za thupi ndi zapinki, gawo lake nthenga ndi nthenga zoyera m'mbali zakunja.

Malo okhala ndi Ta

Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwa mbalamezi nkosiyana kwambiri: amakhala pafupifupi konse ku Europe. Zimapezeka pachilumba cha Britain, komanso ku Siberia. Ngati titenga maiko a USSR yakale, ndiye kuti gawo lalikulu lazitali limapezeka pafupifupi lililonse: kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo a mgwirizano wakale mpaka ku Kamchatka. Zosakanikirana, komanso nkhalango zowola zokha zokhala ndi zitsamba zowirira ndi malo omwe anthu amakonda kutchera zipatso zazitali. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matumba a birch ndi alder. Komwe kuli nkhalango zochepa, mbalamezi zimakhala m'minda, m'mapaki, m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Jiografia yokhala

Kukhazikika kwa zipatso zazitali zokhala pafupi kumakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Europe ndi Asia. Mbalame zimatha kupezeka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Chigawo cha Scandinavia, pa Ural Range, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Kummwera, mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, pafupi ndi phazi la Armeni Taurus, Elbrus. Kudera la Asia, bara limakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Japan, Yellow and East China Seas, kum'mawa chakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Tibet, ku Himalaya. Mbalamezi zidasankhidwanso ndi zilumba zina za ku Asia ndi ku Europe, monga Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Sakhalin, Shikotan, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima ndi ena.

Kuchuluka kwa zipatso zazitali zokhala ndi matalala omasuka kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kosamukira, motero mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwambiri zimasamukira kum'mwera.

Mbalame zimasankha minda, nkhalango zosakanizika ndi zowola, tchire kuti zizikhalira, sizikhazikika m'nkhalango zowonongera, zimatha kuwuluka nthawi yozizira yokha. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka m'mapaki ndi m'minda, m'minda ya zipatso, sizachilendo kupeza mbalame mumzinda.

Malamba: mbalame ziwiri pa nthambi imodzi. Tani yayitali kwambiri kapena wokwatirana: chithunzi. Wokonda mbalame: chithunzi chochokera kumtunda wapamwamba. Ngwete yokhala ndi tinsalu taitali kapena njenjete yaing'alangayo yakhala panthambi yamtengo. Chiphuphu chanjingayo chimadzuka nthawi yozizira. Chotupa Chachikulu kapena Chitali.

Moyo Wamtali Wautali

Nthawi zambiri, zowonera zazitali zazitali zimakhala ndi magulu ochepa a anthu angapo. M'madera ozizira, mbalame zimasamukira nthawi yoyamba kutentha - zimawulukira kum'mwera, komwe kumakhala chakudya chochuluka. Kusaka zakudya pofunafuna mitengo, kuwomba makungwa.

Amapezanso chakudya m'maluwa, nthambi zouma ndi udzu. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zonse amakhala akusaka chakudya. Nthawi yakudyaku, tayi yokhala ndiutali wautali imakonza chisa chake pamitengo ina kuti izitha kuwona bwino zonse pozungulira, ndikuwopseza kupuma nthawi.

Kudyetsa Tayi Yaitali

Mwachilengedwe, chakudya chachikulu cha mbalamezi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake.

Mwambiri kuwunikira, gawo lalitali lokhala ndi mbalame yokhazikika.

Kuomba makungwa, amayang'ana zamoyo zonse zomwe zinakhala pamtengowo, ndikudya. Chifukwa choti tizilombo, zomwe nthawi zambiri timakhala ngati tizirombo ta mbewu ndi nkhalango, timapanga maziko a zakudya, mateleti ataliitali ndi nyama zamtengo wapatali. Ali ku ukapolo, amasangalala kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana zofewa, komanso amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi ndi tizilombo mwachindunji.

Kuswana Matayala Aitali

Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zambiri zamtundu wake, gawo lalitali lomwe silimakhala m'makoma, limapanga zisa zoyambirira kuchokera kumitengo yaying'ono ndi masamba. Pofuna kutenthetsa ndi kuphika, mbalame zimbewu zimagwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma ndi udzu wabwino. Chisa chotseka, chokhala ngati mazira nthawi zambiri chimakhazikika munthambi zowala kapena pa mphanda m'mayala akuluakulu. Danga lamkati la chisa limakhala ndi ma capubs, fluff, tsitsi ndi tsitsi lomwe limapezeka muzitsamba zozungulira. Chifukwa chakumanga kolimba kwa chisa, pogona chotere chimamangidwa ndi mbalame zonse ziwiri mkati mwa masiku 10-15.

Mitundu Yokhala ndi ma toni ataliitali ali ndi masamba 23 ofanana.

Yaikazi ndi yaimuna imafunafuna malo oyenera, ndikuyamba kumanga chisa. Pambuyo pake, yaikazi imayikira mazira ang'onoang'ono 12-15 ozungulira ndi 14 mm., Yoyera, yokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga a bulauni owala.

Pambuyo pa masiku 13 mpaka 14, kuwaswa, anapiye. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ana ang'ono, komanso malo ochepa chisa, amphaka nthawi zambiri amatambasula chisa nthawi. Pakatha masiku 10 mpaka 14, anapiye amachoka chisa, koma osawuluka, koma khalani m'gulu. Izi zimawathandiza kuti asazizire nyengo yozizira - akusokera m'mizere yolimba, amadzitenthetsa, atakhala panthambi. Achinyamata, ngati zichitika, nthawi zambiri amafa. Popita nthawi, patatha milungu ingapo, amayamba kudya pawokha, ndikuyamba kudzidalira pawokha.

Masewera olimbitsa matipi nthawi zambiri amayamba mu Epulo-Meyi, pamene magulu agawika awiriawiri.

M'maselo amakhala m'gulu la zoweta, sangathe kukhala osungulumwa. Pakudzutsidwa, mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo usiku zimakankhana, ndikupanga mpira ndi michira yomata mbali zosiyanasiyana. Kuwona zakudya zoyenera, ndikupatsanso mbalame ndi mphutsi ndi tizilombo, mutha kusunga oyimilira osangalatsa awa a titmouse kwa zaka zingapo.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi asitikali amadya chiyani?

Pamakhalidwe azakudya za zipatso zazitali zazitali ndi tizilombo komanso akangaude, zakudya zam'mera zimatha kupezekanso pamenyu wokhala ndi utoto, koma osowa kwambiri. Chipinda cham'mimba ndi namwino wankhalango weniweni, chifukwa m'zakudya zake tizirombo monga:

• Zida,
• Mbubu,
• Lepidoptera mbozi
• Udzudzu
• Timapepala ta Oak,
• Akangaude
• Aphid,
• Coccids
• Gulugufe awo mphutsi ndi mazira.

Tizilombo tothandizidwanso timapezeka mumenyu ya titmouse, koma kuchuluka kwawo sikuposa 1%. Chakudyacho chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka mulomo - ndichilema, chocheperako komanso chofooka, kotero mbalameyo singathe kudya chakudya chowundana ndi chakudya cholimba. Mochenjera amachotsa tizirombo touluka m'makungwa a mitengo.

Zakudya za mmera zomwe zimaperekedwa muzakudya za zipatso ndi nthangala yofewa ndi zipatso, nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi honeysuckle ndi euonymus.

Mbalamezi pafupifupi sizimakhala malo amodzi, zimayenda, kudumphira nthambi ndikuuluka. Asitikali amakwera mitengo pang'onopang'ono, koma mochenjera kwambiri, kuti adzipeze chakudya, mbalameyo mochenjera imapachika pamitengo kuchokera pansi ndikuyang'ana mphukira.

Tani yokhala ndi tayi yayitali, mosiyana ndi ma tini ena, simadyera pansi ndipo siyimanga zisa m'matenje, koma nthawi yomweyo, monga ma tini onse, imachita zanzeru zosiyanasiyana zachilendo.

Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazokha, monga lamulo, zimagwirizanitsa pagulu lotchedwa "banja" la mbalame 5 mpaka 20.

Kwambiri, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'madambo kapena m'malo otentha, ndipo msondodzi, mitengo yayitali ndi yaying'ono m'mphepete mwa mitsinje amasankhidwa ngati zisa. Timabati tosamukasamuka m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri timakhala kunja kwa midzi ndi mizinda. Amatha kuyendayenda ndi pikas ndi mafumu. Mbalamezi ndi zamtendere kwambiri, sizigwirana ndi mbalame zina.

Amakhala mobisa, nthawi zambiri sadziwonetsa kwa anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo, mbalamezi ndizodalirika komanso zopanda manyazi, kotero, zimatha kukhala m'manja amunthu mosavuta ngati zikuwona kuti zimakomera.

Liwu la tayi yayitali yayitali kwambiri, yopyapyala komanso yofinya ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono, koma mbalame sizimayimba, kotero mapangidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi osagwirizana.

Tani yokhala ndiutali wautali imadyetsedwa pa feeder mu mawonekedwe a ukonde ndi chakudya. Awiri a-t-t-tiles totalika pakudya. The malembedwe a subspecies omwe amakhala ku Western Europe. Mnzakeyo akuyang'ana mosamala.

Gulu

M'mbuyomu, gawo lalitali lomwe linali lakale linaperekedwa ku banja la nambala yolimba (Paradoxornithidae).

Onani Aegithalos caudatus ali ndi masamba 23:

• A. c. alpinus
• A. c. aremoricus
• A. c. caudatus - wamba wautali tit
• A. c. europaeus
• A. c. glaucogularis
• A. c. ibericus
• A. c. irbii - Pyrenean wamtali wautali tit
• A. c. italia
• A. c. japonicus
• A. c. kiusiuensis
• A. c. macedonicus
• A. c. zazikulu
• A. c. chachikulu
• A. c. pallidulombo
• A. c. passekii
• A. c. rosaceus - pinki yokhala ndi tayi yayitali
• A. c. sibiricus
• A. c. siculus
• A. c. taiti
• A. c. tauricus
• A. c. tephronotus - Balkan wautali-wosachedwa tit
• A. c. trivirgatus - chakumwera chakum'mwera chotentha chazitali
• A. c. vinace

M'mbuyomu, ma subspecies ena adasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yodziyimira payokha, mwachitsanzo:

• A. c. glaucogularis — Acredula glaucogularis
• A. c. irbii — Acredula irbyi
• A. c. rosaceus — Acredula rosea
• A. c. siculus — Acredula sicula
• A. c. tephronotus — Acredula tephronota
• A. c. trivirgatus — Acredula trivirgata

Mafuta OsiyanasiyanaA. c. rosaceus) amakhala kumadzulo kwambiri kwa masanjidwewo (UK, France) ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yakuda pamutu pa mbalame zazikulu. Amapereka mosavuta ma hybrids ndi ma subspecies ena ku Austria ndi Central Germany, monga momwe amathandizira South South. A. c. trivirgatus - pachilumba cha Hokkaido. Mabuku a Iberian A. c. irbii, wokhala ku Italy, mulibe nthenga zakuda kumbuyo kwake. Kum'mawa kwa masanjidwewo, mabungwe aku China ndiofala (kale anali osiyana mitundu - Acredula atronuchalis) Mabungwe a Balkan A. c. tephronotus - ochepa kwambiri, ali ndi imvi kumbuyo, kum'mawa kwa Asia amathanso mawonekedwe a gombe - A. c. glaucogularis. Kuphatikiza pa gawo lalifupi lalitali (A. c. caudatus), m'gawo la USSR yakale, yomwe ili m'nkhalango za Caucasus, pali masamba ena (A. c. ibericus), omwe adaganizapo kale mtundu wapadera wa Pyrenean wautali t (Acredula irbyi caucasica).

Macaw parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Tayi yokhala ndi tala yayitali inali yotchuka kotchedwa halftone chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi lake, yomwe imawoneka ngati mpira wosalala wokhala ndi mchira wautali ndipo imawoneka ngati supuni yothira dzina lomweli. Mtunduwu - wofala kwambiri m'mabanja okhala ndi ma t-t-ta-t-refu, amakhala ku Asia ndi Europe.

Temouse yokhala ndiutali wocheperako ndi yocheperako, kulemera kwake sikokwanira kufika pa 10. Kutalika kwa thupi kumangokhala masentimita 6 mpaka 7, ndipo mchirawo ndi wamtali - mpaka 10cm kutalika, mapiko - mpaka 20 cm. Nthenga za gawo lalitali linali losalala komanso lothina komanso maula. kukongola kosiyanasiyana.Mtundu wa mutu, khosi komanso tummyamu ndi zoyera, kumbuyo ndipo mapiko ake ndi akuda bii, okhala ndi timiyala ta pinki komanso bulauni. Mchira wake ndi mbali zake ndi zapinki zofewa. Mapikowo amakongoletsedwanso ndi nthenga zoyera ndi zapinki.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Titmouse

Mphutsi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zazitsamba, zofanana ndi ma tini, zomwe zimachokera ku banja "Zitali zazitali zazitali", kulamula "Passeriformes". Kukula kwake kulibe kupitirira 8-15 cm, mapiko 1520 cm ndi kulemera kwa 6-11 g. Banja limaphatikizapo 3 genera yokhala ndi mitundu 8. Pakati pa mitunduyo, pali mitundu ingapo 20 yomwe imasiyana pang'ono mitundu.

Zopatsa thanzi

Tizilombo ta tiana tating'onoting'ono timadyera makamaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mazira, akangaude. Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalameyi imasunthira mosadukiza panthambi za mitengo, pomwe imakweza mchira wake m'mwamba ndikutsamira pansi.

Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri. Ndipo ku nkhalango, kuwonongedwa kwa nsabwe za m'mimba ndi ana awa ndikothandiza kwambiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, munthu wamwamuna amatha kuwonjezera mbewu za mitengo ndi zakudya zina zamasamba zakudya zake.

Kanema: Titmouse

Mitundu isanu ya asitikali akukhala m'mapiri a China ndi Himalayas, omwe anali amakonda nkhalango za oak ndi birch, komanso m'nkhalango za juniper, omalizawa asankha nkhalango za paini. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Aegithalos caudatus, yomwe imapezeka pagawo lalikulu kwambiri - kuchokera ku Britain Isles kupita ku Siberia. Mtundu wina wosangalatsa ndi mtundu wa North American shrubby tit (Psaltriparus minimus), womwe umakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za oak (nkhalango za oak). Mitunduyo ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa mbalamezi zimamanga zisa zomwe zimapachikidwa.

Monga tanena kale, gawo lalitali losalala ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri yokhala ndi thupi lozungulira, lofanana ndi mpira komanso mchira wautali kwambiri, womwe umatha kutalika mpaka 10 cm .. Mtoto woyera wokhala ndi zikuni zosafunikira zakuda ndi zofiirira zimapambana mtundu wa njenjete. Mwakutero, mutu, khosi komanso thupi lakumunsi ndi loyera, ambiri kumbuyo, ntchentche ndi nthenga zimakhala zakuda, gawo lachi dorsal ndi la brownish kapena la pinki, nthenga zambiri za mchira ndi mbali zake ndi zapinki. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wandiweyani - 5-6 mm okha

Kodi nsapato yanthete yayitali imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Tambala yayitali kwambiri ku Russia

Tayi yokhala ndi tala yayitali nthawi zambiri imakhala m'minda yolima, nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanikirana, mapaki, malamba amtchire, minda, dimba lambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, iye amakonda malo m'derali pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.

Mbalame imapezeka kumadera ambiri ku Eurasia:

Malo otchuka kwambiri okonzera nesting ndi tayi yayitali ndi tinsapato tosakhazikika, tosatheka kufikako kwa birch kapena msondodzi pafupi ndi nyanja, mtsinje, dziwe kapena mtsinje.

Zisa za ankhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowoloweka ndi khomo kumtunda. Zofunikira zazikulu zisa ndi moss, zida zothandizira ndi ma capubs, zophatikizika ndi cocoon za tizilombo, komanso zida zina zoyambira (pulasitiki, polyethylene, pepala). Chifukwa cha zida zomangira izi, zisa zimakhala zotentha kwambiri komanso zolimba, sizimawopa konse mphepo yamkuntho, mvula, kapena mkuntho.

Ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, mbalamezo zimamanga zisa zawo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta makungwa a mitengo, kupindika kumaso, ndikupanga zinyalala zofewa pansi ndi nthenga mkati.

Chidwi Chosangalatsa: Mukati mwa chisa chimodzi mumatha kukhala ma fulu pafupifupi 3,000 ndi nthenga zazing'ono ngati zinyalala.

Mitundu ya mbalame

Mitundu yamitundu yokhala ndi tayi yayitali imaphatikiza mitundu ingapo 23. Mbalamezi sizinasiyanitsidwe monga mitundu yoyima payokha, popeza kusiyana pakati pawo ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri mumakhala malo omwe mumakhala mitundu ingapo.

Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, tit yayitali yayitali imasiyana ndi obadwa nayo chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yakuda pamutu pake ndipo imafalikira kumadzulo kwa chigawo, ku France ndi Great Britain.

Nyumba yokhala ndi nthenga ya Pyrenean yayitali imakhala ku Italy, ndipo kumbuyo kwa anthu akuluakulu amtunduwu wa nthenga zakuda palibe.

Subspecies akum'mawa ndi Balkan ndi South Japan wautali wa ta tit. Balkan ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu; mankhwalawo kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi.

Kodi chakhumi chokhala ndi tayala nthawi yayitali chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Titmouse

Chingwecho, ngati mbalame zazing'ono zambiri, chimakonda kudya nyama, ngakhale chikusowa chakudya, sichinanyoze masamba, chifukwa kupulumuka kumadalira.

Mitundu yazakudya zamtundu wautali wazitali zimawoneka ngati izi:

• mbozi
• tsamba limawuluka,
• nsabwe za m'masamba
• nsikidzi zazing'ono ndi mphutsi zawo,
• nyongolotsi
• nyerere ndi mazira awo,
• mbewu ndi zipatso za zomera.

Mbalame zimafunidwa ndi tizilombo, mwachinyengo zikukwawa munthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba, ngati zipatso wamba, kwinaku zikutenga zosayembekezereka, zapafupipafupi. Mu nyengo yanyengo (kasupe, nthawi yophukira), komanso nthawi yozizira, gulu lankhondo limadyera mbewu mosangalala.

Zakudya zambiri za mbalame ndizofunikira panthawi yakudyetsa anapiye. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amayerekeza kuti, pafupifupi, tinsapato zazitali zazitali zimadyetsa anapiye awo pafupifupi 350 patsiku. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimangodya zochepa zomwe sizingachitike, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ndi maluwa.

Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa nkhondo zankhondo kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu paulimi, komanso okhalamo nthawi yachilimwe komanso olima dimba, kuwononga ntchentche zazipatso zosiyanasiyana, mbozi, ndipo ngakhale kafadala, zomwe ndizowopsa pabalimi la shuga.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Amuna ndi akazi amtundu wautali wautali amaoneka chimodzimodzi ndipo sachita zogonana.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola komanso okongola, titmouse yayitali yayitali idakondana ndiokonda mbalame zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imasungidwa.

Mbalame zimazolowera kukhazikika m'malo mwake ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika modekha, koma kuswana kwawo, mwatsoka, sizikuyenda bwino.

Zofunikira za khola (aviary)

Popeza alonda samalolera kusungulumwa, ndibwino kuyang'anira gulu la mbalamezi mlengalenga, kapena angapo aiwo. Ndipo kuwona zizolowezi za ana ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, usiku, asitikali amakonda kugona, kumamatira kwambiri. Imawoneka kuchokera kumbali ngati mtanda wa mota wa mota wa mota.

Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mbalame zimakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 5-9.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame

• Tani yokhala ndi tala yayitali imatchedwanso Apollonovka. Mbalameyi idalandira dzina ili ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 18, chifukwa amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa zovala zokongola kwambiri.
• Magulu osunthika a asitikali pakugona tulo, akusochera limodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono onenepa panthambi kapena pansi pa mitengo kuti akhale otentha komanso osazizira.
• Alonda ndi mbalame zodekha komanso zochezeka. Samakangana ndi mitundu ina, ndipo samakonda kusungulumwa. Mbalame zazing'ono zoyendayenda izi zimatha kupezeka nthawi zonse m'makola kapena awiriawiri.

Kuyimba nyimbo zazitali

Kulira kwa asitikali sikumveka kawirikawiri. Mbalame zimayimba makamaka isanafike nthawi yokhazikika komanso kukhwima. Nyimbo yawo imakhala ndi nyimbo zokuluwika, zokuimbira komanso zotulutsa zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa ngati "si, si", "serrr, cherr", "tii-tii". Zithunzi zazitali zazitali zimatulutsa mawu ake ovuta mokweza kwambiri pakuuluka kuchoka pamtengo wina kupita ku wina.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Titmouse

Miyezi yachisanu, ikakhala yozizira komanso yanjala, amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa asitikali. Zoonadi, nthawi yozizira kwambiri, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthuwo amatha kufa. Ngati masana mabuluzi akuuluka m'magulu akulu, akumayenda moteremu ndikuyang'ana chakudya kulikonse komwe kuli kotheka, ndiye kuti usiku amagona panthambi, nkumamenyana wina ndi mnzake.

Chochititsa chidwi: Zinaonedwa kuti nthawi yachisanu, ma tiga atali-tali nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi magulu amtundu wamba ndipo amatha kupulumuka.

Akatswiri a zamankhwala anaziwona mobwerezabwereza ndikufotokoza nthawi zomwe anapiye othawa atachoka pachisa. Komanso, kuda nkhawa pang'ono kungakhale chifukwa cha izi. Ngati imodzi ya anapiye athamera kutuluka mu chisa, enawo nthawi yomweyo amatsatira. Ana amawuluka moipa kwambiri, mopanda pake, ndipo makolo amawuluka mozungulira panthawiyi, kuyesera kuwateteza ku ngozi ndikuwayika palimodzi. Pafupifupi theka la ola, whine ndi mantha zimapitilizabe, kenako zonse zimayenda bwino ndipo anapiye akuyamba moyo wawo wachikulire watsopano.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Achilamulo ndi azilombankhanga pakati pa mbalame mu kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch imodzi.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti tayi yayitali kwambiri imatchulidwanso kuti gulu lankhondo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mbalame zazing'ono zimathalira kuthengo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Zithunzi zazitali zazitali

Amakonda kukonza zisa zawo pamitengo kapena zitsamba mu mafoloko a nthambi zazitali kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamitala atatu kuchokera pansi, nthawi zina pang'ono. Chidacho ndi cholengedwa chomata chofanana ndi dzira lomwe lili ndi makhoma olimba komanso olimba. Kukula kwa chisa kuli pafupifupi 10 cm 20.

Makoma a zisa zawo amapangidwa ndi tit kuchokera ku moss, cobwebs, bark birch, lichens, ndipo amamangidwa mosamala mwanjira yoti sangakhale osiyana ndi chilengedwe. Khomo lolowera chisa, kutengera malo ake, limachitidwa kuchokera kumtunda kapena kuchokera kumbali. Mkati mwa chisa cha mbalameyo mumakhala linga lalikulu ndi nthenga zofewa komanso nthenga.

Pazomangira ma mothbots, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira oyera pafupifupi 6-18 m'malingaliro ang'onoang'ono ofiira kapena otuwa. Wamkazi yekha amakhala pamazira, ndipo wamwamuna panthawiyi amamudyetsa, kumuteteza ndikumusamalira m'njira iliyonse yomwe angathe. Nthawi ya mazira ya mazira ndi masiku 14-18. Nkhupakupa zimabadwa zopanda maliseche, manja achikasu komanso osatetezeka. Makolo onsewo ali paudyetse anapiye, ndipo nthawi zina anapiye a chaka chatha amawathandiza pazifukwa zina omwe sanapeze mnzawo - "othandizira".

Pazaka 18, anapiye ambiri amachoka chisa, koma makolo awo amangowadyetsa kwakanthawi. Ndizachidziwikire kuti mabanja a magulu ankhondo: makolo, "othandizira", nyama zazing'ono sizingafanane mpaka kuphuka.

Adani achilengedwe a chilembo chachitali

Chithunzi: Mbambo Ya mbalame

Tizilombo taulesi titalitali, komanso abale awo akuluakulu, ndi mbalame zothandiza kwambiri m'nkhalango komanso paulimi, popeza chakudya chake chachikulu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zake, zambiri mwa izo ndi tizirombo zoyipa, zomwe zimabweretsa zowononga pakukolola m'munda, dimba ndi mbewu zamitengo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasokoneza chaka ndi chaka chiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi kuzizira kwambiri. Kuchokera ku kuzizira ndi kusowa kwa chakudya m'miyezi yachisanu komwe mbalame zambiri zimafa chaka chilichonse - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu, komanso zochulukirapo pazaka zina. Komabe, musakhumudwe ndi izi - zinthu sizili zoyipa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yotentha iliyonse, ndikayamba nyengo yobala, zowonongeka zomwe zimapangitsa anthu okhala ndi titmouse m'nyengo yozizira sizimasinthidwa, chifukwa njenjete ndizachonde kwambiri ndipo mbalame iliyonse imatha kubweretsa anapiye 18.

Chochititsa chidwi: Tini tating'ono tambiri timayesetsa kuyesa zisa zawo, ndipo timagwiritsa ntchito izi osati zinthu zachilengedwe: makungwa, moss, lichen, komanso zida zopanga zinthu, monga zidutswa za polyethylene komanso pulasitiki.

Komanso mu zochitika zachilengedwe, marten, weasel, amphaka amtchire, nthumwi zina zam'mlengalenga, zilombo zouluka (kadzidzi, akambuku, abodza) zimasaka bwino asitikali, komanso amphaka am'nyumba, agalu osochera m'malo okhala pafupi ndi anthu. Komabe, izi sizingatchulidwe zomveka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Mbalame titmouse

Ornithologists nthawi zambiri amagawa anthu okhala ndi timiyala tambiri tambiri m'magulu awiri: osamukira ndikukhazikika. Momwemo, mitundu yokhala pansi ya asitikali imakhala mumsewu wapakati mpaka kumwera, ndipo mitundu yosamukira kumadera akutali kwambiri kumpoto. Chifukwa chake, tinsalu zazitali zazitali zosunthika, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yachisanu, chaka chilichonse zimawulukira kum'mwera kukafunafuna malo kumene kumatentha ndi chakudya chochuluka.

Tani yokhala ndi tai yayitali ndi yodziwika kwambiri kudera lonse la nkhalango ku Ulaya konse kuchokera ku Pacific Ocean kupita ku Atlantic. Ku mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia, mbalame zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yamitengo, kupatula malo amodzi okha - Caucasus.

Zokhala ndi tayi yayitali kwambiri pazachilengedwe sizikhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 3, koma ndikasungidwa, mbalamezi zimatha kukhalapo kangapo - mpaka zaka 15. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwazaka zonse zokhala ndi ziweto zachilendozi kumadalira zinthu zingapo zabwino: malamulo okhudzana ndi zakudya, zakudya, chisamaliro.

Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa asitikali achifwamba, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kunawonetsa kutchuthi (kufa kwa anthu ambiri nyengo yozizira), kuli ochulukirapo, motero mtunduwu sufunikira chitetezo chilichonse.

Mitundu yonse ya ma tini, kuphatikiza yayitali-yamatayala, ndi amtundu wazachilengedwe wazachilengedwe. Mbalame zazikulu kuti zizidyetse zokha ndi ana ndi ntchito yayikulu zimangowononga tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayambitsa matenda, mwakutero kubweretsa phindu lalikulu m'malo obiriwira. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi yokha tit-yayitali pa nyengo imatha kuyeretsa mitengo osachepera 20-30 kuchokera ku tizirombo.