Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Subfamily: | Pleuragrammins |
Jenda: | Zida zam'maso |
Zida zam'maso (lat. Dissostichus) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi za Antarctic zochokera ku banja Nototheniidae wa subotorototototi Notothenioidei wa dongosolo Perciformes.
Pali mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu - Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) ndi Patagonian dzinofish (Dissostichus eleginoides) Mitundu yonseyi ndi anthu okhala kum'mwera kwa Pacific, ndipo Patagonian dzinofish, kuphatikiza apo, imakhalanso kugombe lakummawa (Atlantic) ku South America - mpaka kugombe la Uruguay. Mbalame ya dzino la Antarctic sichisowa kumpoto kwa 60 ° S. w.
Popeza ndi mitundu yakuzama kwambiri ya pansi panyanja, nsomba za m'madzi zimatha kutsika mpaka 2250. Izi ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba za notothenoid. Amatha kutalika mpaka 160-200 masentimita ndipo amakhala ndi kutalika kofika 135 kg. Amadyera squid, nsomba ndi mitundu yonse ya zovunda pafupi ndi pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'matangadza a chakudya ku Antarctic, dzino la nkhono ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali cha mikanda ya Weddell ndi anamgumi a umuna.
Mitundu yonseyi ya asodzi ndi asodzi aku mafakitale omwe amagwidwa ndi tiger pansi. Kuchulukitsa ndi kusodza kwa nsomba zam'madzi mu madzi a Antarctic kumayendetsedwa ndi CCAMLR Science Science Committee. Zinsomba za nsomba ndi mafuta komanso zopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Mafuta a nyama yawo amafika 30%.
Nsomba zam'madzi: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera, komwe amakhala
Zinsomba ndizamitundu yayikulu ya nsomba, ku mtundu wa percussion nototeniform. Amadyetsa pamaziko a chakudya chake ndi zakudya zazing'ono zam'madzi, makamaka kusungunuka, capelin, squid, etc. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nsomba zodabwitsazi zimapezeka ndi asayansi kalelo ka m'ma 1900, nthawi imeneyo kukoma kwenikweni kwa nyama yam'madzi kunadziwika, chifukwa ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwa nzika zina zonse zam'madzi. Pakadali pano pali anthu ochepa kwambiri a nsomba zam'madzi mu matupi amadzi padziko lonse lapansi kotero kuti lero zakudya zam'madzi zam'mayiko ena ndizoletsedwa ngakhale kuwedza.
Kulemera kwa nsomba imodzi yachikulire kumatha kufika makilogalamu 130 (avareji makilogalamu 70-80), ndipo lamulo, limatha kutalika kwa 1.5-2 mita. Chofunikira kwambiri pa nsomba yaying'ono iyi ndikuti sichikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda am'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi kwambiri (chitha kutsika mpaka mamita 2000).
Pali mitundu iwiri ya nsomba: Patagonian ndi Antarctic. Mosatengera dzina, mitundu yonse iwiriyi imatha kuwoneka ku South America (pagombe lakummawa), m'madzi aku South, Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic.
Zinsomba zimatumizidwa kumayiko akunja kokha.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa dzino la mano
Toothfish ndi nsomba yomwe moyenera imatchedwa imodzi mwa olemera kwambiri omwe ali ndi vitamini PP, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi chromium. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu wam'madziyu amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, michere, mitundu yambiri yaphindu.
Ubwino wa nsomba, kapena kuti, pazinthu zomwe zimapangika, zimangothandiza m'thupi la munthu. Nyama ya nsomba:
- Amakhutitsa thupi mwachangu, zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'zinthuzo zimatha mosavuta.
- Amathandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Imayendetsa ubongo.
- Imathandizira kagayidwe.
- Zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa thupi kupsinjika kwa thupi, zochitika zopsinjika, zimachepetsa mphamvu yamanjenje.
- Amakhala bwino.
- Zothandiza pakuwona, zimamuyendetsa bwino.
- Imakhala ndi phindu m'mitsempha yamagazi (imawapangitsa kukhala otanuka kwambiri), imathandizira kupewa matenda oopsa a mtima.
- Imalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi.
- Imatha kukonzanso pakhungu, minyewa yam'maselo.
- Kusunga cholesterol yothandiza ndikuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa, kumalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa cholesterol plaques m'thupi.
- Imalola dongosolo la endocrine kugwira ntchito moyenera.
- Kubwezeretsanso thupi ndi mavitamini ndi michere osowa.
- Kuchotsa kudzimbidwa.
- Amatsata zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zopweteka azimayi pa nthawi ya kusamba komanso nthawi yakusamba.
- Kusodza nsomba, pakati pazinthu zina, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa amayi apakati. Kuledzera kwa nyama yam'madziyi kamodzi pa sabata kumakhudza bwino kukula kwa minofu ya mafupa ndi mafupa a mwana m'mimba.
Zowopsa
Kuphatikiza pamapindulitsidwewo, nsomba zam'mazira zimatha kubweretsanso mavuto m'thupi la munthu.
- Choyamba, kudya zakudya zam'madzi kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwamatumbo ndi m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, nseru, kupweteka mutu kumatha kuyamba, chifukwa chake madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti asamagwire ngakhale nsomba yothandiza ngati imeneyi.
- Kachiwiri, sizikulimbikitsidwa kudya nsomba zamazino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse lodziwika bwino (zokhudzana ndi matalala).
Momwe mungaphikire nsombazi
Toothfish ndi nsomba yomwe nyama yake ndi yotsika kwambiri, yamafuta, yokhazikika komanso nthawi yomweyo imakhala yofatsa, koma mabatani. Masiku ano, zakudya zam'nyanjayi m'misika komanso m'malesitilanti, komanso azimayi apakhitchini, amakonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Amapezeka moyenera kuchokera ku khutu la dzino la nsomba - ndi mafuta, ookhutitsidwa, opatsa thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zam'madzi izi zimatha kukhala zokometsera, zokazinga, zophika, zophika, zopangidwa mozungulira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza zikondamoyo kapena ma pie, ogwiritsira ntchito kuphika zakudya zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka masaladi, masikono, etc.
Yothandiza kwa dzino la nsomba ndi chakudya cham'mphepete cham'madzi, mbatata, mpunga, stewed kapena masamba atsopano. Ndi nsomba iyi, zonunkhira monga basil, katsabola, parsley, tsabola wokoma ndizophatikizika kwambiri.
Ena maphikidwe osangalatsa a kuphika kwa dzino.
Yophika dzino
Pophika muyenera:
- Nyama yam'maso (fillet) 1 makilogalamu.
- - Yophika tchizi aliyense zonona - 120-140 gr.
- - Dzira - 2 ma PC.
- - Kukhetsa mafuta. - 60 gr.
- - Kirimu wowawasa kuchokera ku 20% mafuta okhutira - 0,5 kg.
- - Flour - supuni ziwiri.
- - Mchere ndi pini.
- - Buckwheat - kapu.
- Dulani chidutswa cha nsomba kukhala magawo.
- Kumenya mazira ndi supuni yamadzi mpaka thovu.
- Onjezani mchere ndi ufa.
- Mu poto, yatsani batala.
- Timayambitsa tinsalu ta dzino nthawi yoyamba dzira, kenako ufa, timatumizira ku poto ndi kuwaza mbali zonse ziwiri kuti apange kutumphuka kokongola.
- Wiritsani buckwheat mpaka yophika, mchere.
- Timatenga mbale yophika, yophika ndi batala, ndikufalitsa phala lathu lonse, ndiye zidutswa za nsomba yokazinga, mudzaze ndi kirimu wowawasa, kuwonjezera zonunkhira zilizonse za nsomba ku kirimu wowawasa, kuwaza ndi tchizi yokazinga ndi kutumiza kuphika. Kutentha kwophika ndi madigiri a 180, nthawi yophika ndi mphindi 10-15.
- Musanatumikire, mutha kuwaza nsomba ndi zitsamba zosankhidwa. Mutha kupaka nsomba ya mano ndi msuzi wina wokoma wazonunkhira.
Kutha nsomba zamasamba ndi masamba
- - Tomato - 4 ma PC.
- - Parsley - gulu.
- - Mababu - 3 ma PC.
- - Toothfish (steaks) - 5 ma PC. kapena 0,5 kg. zosefera nsomba.
- - Zosakaniza (tsabola wakuda ndi wofiira, mchere).
- - Mafuta a mpendadzuwa - supuni zitatu.
Momwe mungakonzekere nsomba zam'maso ndi masamba.
- Mwachangu anyezi osankhidwa m'njira yabwino poto.
- Atangomanga anyezi ndikukhala wofewa, onjezani tomato wosadulidwa, zokometsera ndi parsley wosadulidwa bwino kwambiri ndi dzanja. Timaphika masamba, ndikuwakhwima mosalekeza, mpaka tomato atatulutsa msuzi ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu poto zimayamba kukhala zosaphika.
- Mwachangu nsomba amasenda mu mpendadzuwa mafuta pang'ono mbali zonse, tsabola, mchere. Poterepa, mwachangu nsomba zam'nyanja pansi pa chivundikirocho kuti pang'ono.
- Ikani nsomba zamasamba, pang'ono kuti zisawonongeke, sakanizani malonda, ikani chilichonse, simmer kwa mphindi 5 pamoto wochepa ndipo mutha kuthira patebulo pomutsanulira msuzi wowuma wa phwetekere kuchokera ku tomato wokazinga.
Yokazinga dzino ndi msuzi wa mbatata komanso zokongoletsa
Kukonzekera mbale muyenera:
- - nsomba - 500-600 gr.
- - ufa wa tirigu woyamba - supuni zitatu.
- - Yowotcha mafuta.
- - Zonunkhira, mchere.
- - Mbatata zatsopano - 4-5 tubers.
Pa msuzi muyenera kutenga:
- - Anyezi m'modzi.
- - 200 ml. mkaka (ungathe m'malo ndi zonona).
- - 30 gr. kukhetsa. mafuta.
- - supuni ziwiri za kirimu wowawasa.
- - supuni ziwiri za ufa.
- - Mafuta a nutmeg (kumapeto kwenikweni kwa supuni).
- - Zonunkhira za nsomba kuti zilawe ndi mchere.
- - Mafuta a mpendadzuwa.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe tichita ndi nsomba. Iyenera kutsukidwa, kudula matope, kusenda mu ufa ndi uzitsine mchere ndi mwachangu m'mafuta mbali zonse ziwiri. Nyama iyenera kukhala yopusa, osamuyaza. Ndikukwanira kupukuta nsomba mbali iliyonse kwa mphindi 3-4. Nthawi yomweyo, kudula zidutswa si zazikulu, pafupifupi 1.5 cm.
Tsopano timapanga msuzi, ndipo m'mene umachitidwa, ikani mbatata zosendedwa ndikusenda-kakulidwe m'mafuta a masamba. Musaiwale kuti muzinyika ndi mchere ndi zonunkhira za mbatata.
Sulani anyezi mu ma cubes, mumadutsa mafuta mpaka atofewa.
Mwachangu ufa mumphika wokazinga wopanda mafuta mpaka atasintha mtundu wake kukhala wonyezimira.
Sungunulani batala, onjezerani ufa ndi mkaka, mukuyambitsa zinthuzo, dikirani msuzi kuti ukule pang'ono. Mukathira madzi mu ufa, sansani bwino kuti zipatso zowonda zisakhe. Unyinji wa msuzi uyenera kukhala yunifolomu, viscous, wopanda zotupa.
Onjezani anyezi wanu ndi msuzi wowonda pang'ono, kenako pambuyo mphindi zisanu wowawasa zonona, sakanizani.
Yang'anani! Mapangidwe awa safunikira kuti abweretsedwe chithupsa, apo ayi amasanduka thukuta;
Thirani mchere pang'ono, zonunkhira zomwe mumazikonda, mchere mu misa. Msuziyo wakonzeka, umangofunika kuziziritsa ndipo umatha kuthandizidwa ndi nsomba zabwino.
Zindikirani! Ngati, mutatha kuphika, onjezani ndi supuni ya ketchup ku msuzi, kukoma kudzasinthira kukhala kosangalatsa, kopatsa mchere.
Tumikirani nsomba yotsuka dzino ndi mbatata yokazinga, yomwe ingofika ndikuphika msuzi wa kirimu.
Contraindication
Ngakhale zabwino za dzino la mankhwalawa, ilinso ndi zotsutsana, ngakhale zili zofunikira kudziwa kuti palibe ambiri, ochepa okha.
- Osamagwiritsa ntchito nsomba mwano, imakhala ndi monoglycerides yambiri, yomwe, kudziunjikira m'thupi, imatha kubweretsa mavuto.
- Simuyenera kudya nsomba zamafuta ndi zopatsa thanzi kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena anthu omwe amatsatira chakudya cham'madzi.
- Zida zam'maso ndizodziwika kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mavuto akulu pachiwindi ndi impso, komanso matenda a gout.
Chifukwa chazinthu zothandiza kwambiri, nsomba zam'maso ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ambiri amayesetsa kuti asamangoyesa izi, komanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kuti azikhala athanzi. Koma kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amapezeka kunyanja sikokwanira kwambiri, ndipo chaka chilichonse kumangotsika. Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba, chifukwa chake mayiko 24 padziko lapansi zakudya zam'madzi izi nzosaloledwa kuti zigwire ndikuwaphika, komanso m'maiko ena momwe nsomba zamazenera zimagulitsidwa, si aliyense angakwanitse. Mtengo wa nsomba zotere pamsika ungafike mpaka 40 euro pa kilogalamu imodzi.
Ndipo pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjeza, dzino la nsomba ndi nsomba zomwe, ngakhale ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, aliyense ayenera kuyesera kamodzi pa moyo wawo, ndizokoma kwambiri, zopatsa thanzi komanso thanzi.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, masiku osasangalatsa a nsomba zam'mawa atha.
Mitundu iwiri ya dzino la nsomba - Patagonian ndi Antarctic - ndi amodzi mwa subotototype. Kunja, sizimasiyana, Patagonian amapezeka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Antarctic wokonda kuzizira. Amakhala kutalika kwa mita awiri ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 100, amakhala m'malo akuya.
Koma munthu adaphunzira kupeza nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazitali. Mtanda wa ma kilomita angapo wovekedwa ndi mbedza umatsika mpaka mamita 2000. Amphaka ndi nsomba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyambo.
Makamaka nsombano zambiri mu Nyanja ya Ross. Mutha kufika kumeneko mchilimwe, pomwe ayezi akusungunuka. Madzi oundana amatha kuletsa njira asodzi ochokera kunyanja kuti atsegule madzi, kenako nkulemba kuti palibe. Kuphika pakati pa nyanja ndikudikirira kuti nyengo isinthe limodzi ndi kugwira. Antarctica ndi malo ankhanza.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Zida zam'maso — nsomba olusa, osusuka komanso osasamala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mamita 2. Kulemera kumatha kupitilira 130 kg. Ili ndiye lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zomwe zimapezeka kunyanja za Antarctic. Gawo la mtanda la thupi ndi lozungulira. Pang'onopang'ono torso limazungulira khungu. Mutu ndi waukulu, umakhala wa 15-20% ya kutalika konse kwa thupi. Angoyala pang'ono, ngati nsomba zambiri pansi.
Pakamwa pake pamakhala milomo yolimba, yolimba, ndipo nsagwada yam'munsi ikutsogolo. Mano okongoletsedwa omwe amatha kugwira nyama yolusa komanso kudziluma pamatumbo a invertebrate. Maso ndi akulu. Amapangidwa kuti mzere wamadzi uwoneke m'munda wowonekera, wopezeka osati kumbali komanso kutsogolo, komanso pamwamba pa nsomba.
Pofunda, kuphatikiza nsagwada ya m'munsi, mulibe mamba. Gill slits yokutidwa ndi zingwe zamphamvu. Pambuyo pawo pali zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral. Muli 29 nthawi zina 27 zotanuka. Mulingo pansi pa zipsepse zam'chiwuni (chokhala ndi m'mphepete lakunja). Thupi lonse ndi cycloid yaying'ono (yokhala ndi malire ozungulira).
Zinsomba ndi imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba.
Zipse ziwiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi dorsal line. Yoyamba, dorsal, yomwe ili ndi maguduzi oyamba 7-16 a kuuma. Yachiwiri imadzitukumula pafupifupi mawilo 25. Kutalika komweku ndi caudal, anal fin. Symmetrical caudal fin popanda kutchulanso lobes, pafupifupi yamafupipafupi mawonekedwe. Mapangidwe ake a zipsepere ndi mtundu wa nsomba za nototheni.
Nsomba, monga nsomba zina zazikulu, zimakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira kwambiri, kumakhala nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Chirengedwe chinazindikira izi: ma glycoprotein, shuga ophatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni amapezeka m'magazi ndi zina zam'madzi za nsomba. Amaletsa mapangidwe a makhiristo a ayezi. Ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Magazi ozizira kwambiri amasanduka amaso. Izi zimatha kutsitsa ziwalo zamkati, ziwunda zamagazi ndi mavuto ena. Thupi la nsomba ya mano lidaphunzira kuonda magazi. Ili ndi maselo ofiira ochepera komanso zinthu zina zosiyanitsidwa kuposa nsomba wamba. Zotsatira zake, magazi amathamanga kwambiri kuposa nsomba wamba.
Monga nsomba zambiri za pansi, nsomba zam'maso zimasowa chikhodzodzo. Koma nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakwera kuchokera pansi kupita pansi pamtunda wamadzi. Ndikovuta kuchita izi popanda chikhodzodzo. Kuti muthane ndi ntchitoyi, thupi la dzino la nsomba lidatenga buzan zero: mafuta ochulukitsa amapezeka m'misempha ya nsomba, ndipo mafupa omwe amaphatikizidwa amakhala ndi mchere wocheperako.
Kutha kwa nsomba ndi nsomba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kumapezeka m'zaka 10 zoyambirira za moyo. Pofika zaka 20, kukula kwa thupi kwatsala pang'ono kutha. Kulemera kwa dzino kumadutsa 100 makilogalamu pofika m'badwo uno. Iyi ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri kukula ndi kulemera pakati pa nototheniidae. Nyama yolemekezeka kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ozizira a Antarctica.
Pa kuya kwamakilomita, nsomba siziyenera kudalira kumva kapena kuwona. Chigawo chachikulu chomverera ndi m'mbali mwake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mitundu yonse iwiriyo ilibe umodzi koma mizere iwiri yotsatana: dorsal and medial. Mu Patagonian dzinofish, mzere wamtunduwu umawonekera kutalika konse: kuyambira kumutu mpaka khungu. Ndi gawo limodzi lokha lomwe limawonekera ku Antarctic.
Pali zosiyana zochepa pakati pa mitundu. Izi zimaphatikizapo malo omwe amapezeka pamutu wa mitundu ya Patagonian. Palibe mawonekedwe ndipo ali pakati pa maso. Chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa Patagonian umakhala m'madzi ofunda pang'ono, zopinga zachilengedwe zochepa zimakhala m'magazi ake.
Toothfish ndi mtundu wawung'ono wa nsomba zokhala ndi ray, zotchedwa gulu la a nototheni. M'mabuku asayansi, mtundu wa mano a nsomba umapezeka ngati Dissostichus. Asayansi adziwa mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imatha kutchedwa kuti dzino la mano.
- Patagonian dzinofish. Zosintha - madzi ozizira a Nyanja Yam'madzi, Atlantic. Amatentha kutentha kuyambira 1 ° C mpaka 4 ° C. Imayenda mozama panyanja pakuya mamita 50 mpaka 4000. Asayansi amatcha dzino la Dissostichus eleginoides. Anapezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndipo adawerengera bwino.
- Antarctic dzino. Mtunduwu ndi wa pakati komanso pansi pamadzi am'madzi am'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa 60 ° kumwera. Chachikulu ndikuti matenthedwe sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 0 ° C. Dongosolo la dongosolo ndi Dissostichus mawsoni. Idafotokozedwa kokha m'zaka za zana la 20. Zina mwa zinthu za moyo wamtundu wa Antarctic sizidziwika.
Moyo & Habitat
Zida zam'maso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Antarctica. Malire akumpoto kwa malekezero amathera kufupi ndi Uruguay. Apa mutha kukumana ndi Patagonian dzinofish. Mitunduyi simangokhala madera akuluakulu am'madzi okha, komanso malo osiyanasiyana akuzama. Kuchokera pamadera pafupifupi apamwamba, 50-mita pelagicgic to 2-kilometer pansi.
Kutha kwa nsomba kumapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chamtunda komanso chodumphira. Imasunthira molunjika, kumawonekedwe osiyanasiyana popanda kuvulaza thanzi.Zomwe nsomba zimapirira kupanikizika zimatsalira kwa asayansi. Kuphatikiza pa zosowa za chakudya, kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kumapangitsa kuyamba kwa nsomba. Nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda madzi osatentha kuposa 4 ° C.
Chomwe chimasaka mbedza ya mibadwo yonse ndi squid. Gulu la squid dzino lodziwika bwino laukiridwa bwino. Ndi nyini yayikulu panyanja, maudindo amasintha. Akatswiri a sayansi ndi asodzi akuti chilombo cham'madzi ambiri sichitha kutchedwa squid mwanjira ina iliyonse, chimagwira ndikudya nsomba zazikulu kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa cephalopods, nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, krill, zimadyedwa. Ena oyang'anira. Nsomba zimatha kukhala ngati mbedza. Samanyalanyaza cannibalism: amadya ana ake nthawi ndi nthawi. Pa alumali yakunyanja, nsomba za mano zimakhazikika pa shrimp, nsomba za siliva ndi notothenia. Chifukwa chake, imakhala mpikisano wa chakudya kwa ma penguin, zigamba zazing'ono zazingwe, ndi zisindikizo.
Pokhala zilombo zazikulu, amodzi mwa mbalame zambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala osaka. Nyama za m'madzi zimakonda kupha nsomba zonenepa komanso zolemera. Zinsomba ndi gawo limodzi mwa zakudya za zisindikizo, chinsomba chopha. Zithunzi zothira chithunzi. Nthawi zambiri ogwidwa pamodzi ndi chidindo. Kwa nsomba yamazino, uwu ndiye womaliza, osati chithunzi chosangalatsa.
Amphaka ndi chakudya chomwe mumakonda kwambiri.
Kutha kwa nsomba kumayandikira kumtunda kwa chakudya chochuluka padziko lapansi lamadzi a Antarctic. Nyama zazikulu zoyamwitsa zimadalira. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe adazindikira kuti ngakhale nsomba zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa pang'ono zimapangitsa kuti asinthe. Anayamba kuukira ma Cetace ena nthawi zambiri.
Zitsamba za mano sizipanga gulu lalikulu lokhazikika. Awa ndi anthu angapo okhala mdera lawo. Zambiri zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera kwa asodzi zimatha kudziwa malire a anthu. Kafukufuku wamtunduwu akuwonetsa kuti kusinthana kw majini pakati pa anthu kulipo.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Zoyenda zam'madzi am'madzi sizingamveke bwino. Sizikudziwika kuti ali ndi zaka zingati kupitiriza mtunduwu. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana: zaka 10-12 kwa amuna, zaka 13-17 kwa akazi. Chizindikiro ichi ndichofunikira. Ndi nsomba zokha zomwe zatha kubala ana zomwe zimayenera kuwedza.
Patagonianinofish imamera pachaka popanda kuchita kusamuka kwakukulu kuti achite izi. Koma kusunthira kwakuya kwa dongosolo la 800 - 1000 m kumachitika. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, Patagonian dzinofish posachedwa kukwera kumtunda wokwera.
Kukula kumachitika mu June - Seputembala, nthawi yachisanu cha Antarctic. Mtundu wowuluka ndi pelagic. Dzungu anasesa mumtsinje wamadzi. Monga nsomba zonse zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yotereyi, zazikazi zam'mazira zimatulutsa mazira masauzande, mpaka miliyoni miliyoni. Mazira oyenda momasuka amapezeka mu mano a chikombo cha mano. Kumanzere kwa zida zawozawo, kuyendetsa kumayambira pansi pamadzi.
Kukula kwa mluza kumatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Mphutsi zomwe zikubwerazi zimakhala gawo la plankton. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, chilimwe cha Antarctic, ana a mbedza amatsika mozama, nayamba kusamba. Akamakula, malo akuya amazindikira. Pamapeto pake, Patagonian dzinofish imayamba kudyetsedwa pakuya kwa 2 km, pansi.
Njira yoweta nkhono za Antarctic sichimamveka bwino. Njira yowonekera, kutalika kwa mluza, komanso kusunthira pang'onopang'ono kwa ana kuchokera pansi pamadzi kupita ku benthal ali ofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi Patagonian dzinofish. Moyo wa mitundu yonseyi ndi wautali. Akatswiri azomera amati mtundu wa Patagonian ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka 50, ndi Antarctic 35.
Thupi loyera la dzino la nsomba limakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zili ndi nyama za m'madzi. Kugwirizana kwa zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyama ya nsomba kumapangitsa kuti kukoma kwa zinsomba kuchokera ku dzino lokwezeka kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuvuta kwa kusodza ndikuletsa zoletsa. Zotsatira zake mtengo wamaso kukwera. Malo ogulitsa nsomba akulu amapereka Patagonian dzinofish kwa ma ruble 3,550. pa kilogalamu. Komabe, kupeza nsomba zogulitsira dzino sikophweka.
Ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amapereka, mothandizidwa ndi nsomba za mano, zina, zotchedwa, zamafuta ambiri. Kwa icho amafunsira ma ruble 1200. pa kilogalamu. Zimakhala zovuta kwa wogula wopanda nzeru kuti amvetsetse zomwe zili patsogolo pake - dzino la dzino kapena owatsanza: escolar, butterfish. Koma ngati nsomba ya mano yapezeka, palibe kukayika - ichi ndi chilengedwe.
Ma nsomba opangidwa ndi mano ophunzitsidwa bwino sanaphunzire ndipo sangaphunzire. Chifukwa chake, nsomba imalemera, pokhala m'malo ochezeka, kudya zakudya zachilengedwe. Kuchulukana kumapereka ma mahomoni, kusintha ma genetic, maantibayotiki, ndi zina zotere, zomwe ndizodzaza ndi nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri. Nyama ya nsomba imatha kutchedwa chipangizo cha kukoma bwino kwambiri komanso mtundu.
Zida zam'maso
Poyamba, ndi Patagonian meno okhaokha omwe adagwidwa. Pagombe lakumwera kwa America m'zaka zapitazi, anthu ochepa adagwidwa mu 70s. Amenya ma network mwangozi. Ikugwira ngati kugwira nsomba. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za 80s, toyesa zazikulu zidakumana ndi nsomba zazitali. Kugwidwa kwa nsomba komweku. Kupanga nsombali yozungulira
Kugulitsa dzino la mano kumakhala ndi zovuta zitatu: kuya kwakuya, kutalikirana kwa malo, komanso kupezeka kwa ayezi mdera lamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zoletsa pa usodzi wamazino: Mgwirizanowu pa Conservation of Antarctic Fauna (CCAMLR) ukugwira.
Kusodza nsomba
Chombo chilichonse cholowa munyanja kuseri kwa nsomba zam'mano chimakhala ndi owunikira ochokera ku CCAMLR Committee. Woyang'anira, malinga ndi CCAMLR, ndiwowonera sayansi, ali ndi ufulu wonse. Amayang'anira kuchuluka komwe kugwidwa kumapangidwa posankha nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Adziwitsa kaputeni za kuchuluka kwa kugwira.
Kufufuta nsomba kumapangidwa ndi zombo zazitali zazitali. Malo osangalatsa kwambiri ndi Nyanja ya Ross. Asayansi akuyerekezera kuchuluka kwam'madzi am'madzi awa. Zidakwaniritsidwa matani 400,000 okha. M'nyengo yotentha ya Antarctic, gawo lina la nyanja limamasulidwa ku ayezi. Kuti atsegule madzi, zombo zapamadzi zimadutsa pakati pa ayezi. Ma Longliners satha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo oundana. Chifukwa chake, maulendo opita kumalo osodza ndi kale ndalama.
Usodzi wa Longline ndi njira yosavuta koma yotenga nthawi yambiri. Ma tayala - zingwe zazitali zazingwe ndi zokoleza - zofanizira kapangidwe kake ka seine. Chinsomba kapena nyamayi imakodwa mbedza iliyonse. Pakusodza kwa nsomba zam'mano, ma nthambo ataliitali amamizidwa mpaka akuya 2 km.
Kukhazikitsa mzere wautali ndi kuukitsa kwa tsambalo ndikovuta. Makamaka mukamaganizira momwe izi zachitikira. Zimachitika kuti ma gear omwe adaikapo amakutidwa ndi madzi oundana. Catch sampling imasanduka mayeso ovuta. Aliyense amakwera mchombo pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza.
Kukula kwa nsomba kumayamba pafupifupi 20 kg. Anthu ang'onoang'ono saloledwa kugwidwa, kuchotsedwa ku zibowo ndi kumasulidwa. Cacikulu, nthawi zina pompopompo. Msodzi akagwidwa akagwira unyinji wovomerezeka, usodziwo umayima, anthu ataliatali amabwerera kumadoko.
Zosangalatsa
Akatswiri azomera amakumana ndi nsombazi mochedwa kwambiri. Zambiri nsomba zinagwera m'manja mwake osati nthawi yomweyo. Pa gombe la Chile mu 1888, ofufuza aku America adagwira nsomba yoyamba ya Patagonian. Sizinali zotheka kuti ndizipulumutse. Chithunzithunzi chotsalira.
Mu 1911, mamembala a Robert Scott Expeditionary Force a m'dera la Ross Island adapeza nsomba yoyamba ku Antarctic. Adasoka chidindo chomwe chimatanganidwa ndikudya nsomba yosadziwika yayikulu kwambiri. Akatswiri achilengedwe adadula kale mutu.
Zinsomba zinadziwika kuti zimadziwika chifukwa zamalonda. Mu 1977, wamalonda a nsomba a L Lanz, pofuna kuti malonda ake akhale okopa anthu aku America, adayamba kugulitsa dzino la dzino pansi pa dzina lanyanja la Chilean Bass. Dzinali linazika mizu ndipo linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Patagonian, patapita nthawi pang'ono, chifukwa cha Antarctic dzinofish.
Mu 2000, Patagonian dzinofish anagwidwa m'malo osadziwika bwino kwa iye. Msodzi waluso ku Islandse Islands Olaf Salker pagombe la Greenland agwira nsomba yayikulu yomwe inali isanawonedwepo. Akatswiri azamoyo amazindikira mwa iye Patagonian dzinofish. Nsomba zidayenda maulendo 10 km. Kucokela ku Antarctica kupita ku Greenland.
Msewu wautali wokhala ndi cholinga chosamveka sichodabwitsa kwambiri. Nsomba zina zimayenda mtunda wautali. Kutha kwa nsomba, mwanjira ina, kudagunda madziwo, ngakhale thupi lake silingathe kupirira ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 11. Pali mafunde ozizira kwambiri omwe amalola Patagonian dzinofish kuti amalize kusambira uku.
Nsomba zam'madzi. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, moyo ndi usodzi wa mano
Toothfish ndi nsomba yakuya yam'nyanja, wokhala m'madzi ozizira a Antarctic. Dzinalo "dzino" limagwirizanitsa mtundu wonse, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu ya Antarctic ndi Patagonian. Amasiyana pang'ono mu morphology, amakhalanso ndi moyo womwewo. Mtundu wa Patagonian ndi Antarctic toothfish udakulilidwa pang'ono.
Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imayang'ana kunyanja zam'madzi za Antarctic. Dzina lodziwika bwino "dzino la mano" limachokera ku chida chapadera cha maxillofacial zida: pazizala zamphamvu pali mizere iwiri ya mano owoneka ngati canine, owongoka pang'ono mkati. Zomwe zimapatsa nsomba izi kukhala zosasangalatsa.
Antarctic dzino
Kukula kumayamba pokhapokha nsomba zikafika kutalika kwa 95-105 masentimita wazaka 8-9. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, amuna amakhala okhwima akafika zaka pafupifupi 13, ndipo akazi - azaka pafupifupi 17. Kukula kumawonekera nthawi; kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka August. Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira kumatha kufika 14.2-24.1 makilogalamu, ndipo index ya gonadosomatic (kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa gonad mpaka kulemera kwa thupi, peresenti) ikhoza kusiyana 20 mpaka 25,8-30.2. Mtheradi fecundity ndi mazira 0,87-1.40 miliyoni (pafupifupi 1.00 miliyoni), fecundity wachibale ndi 13-46.5 ma PC / g (avareji a ma 25 pc / g).
Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikufika zaka 39, malinga ndi olemba ena - mpaka zaka 48.
Mtengo wachuma
Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuwedza kwakunyanjaku. Ili ndi nyama yokoma, yokoma, yamafuta. Mtengo wamsika wogulitsa kilogalamu imodzi ya Antarctic toothfish umatha kufika madola 60 kapena kuposerapo. Usodzi wa mafakitale ukuchitika makamaka mothandizidwa ndi zida zophera nsomba - pansi, yomwe ndi nyambo yapadera. Kuzama kwa kayendedwe ka 1300-1600 m ndizoyenera kuwedza.usodzi woyendetsedwa ndi nsomba ku Antarctic dzino zimachitika molingana ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amapangidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi CCAMLR Science Scient Committee.
Zolemba
- Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russian T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. Nsomba. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Russia. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 323. - 12,500. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
- Andriyashev A.P., Neelov A.V. (1986): Zoogeographic kugawa kwa dera la Antarctic (kwa nsomba zam'munsi). Atlas waku Antarctic. T. 1. Map.
- Andriyashev A.P. (1986): Chidule cha nyama zam'madzi za Antarctic. Mu: Morphology ndikugawa nsomba ku Southern Ocean. Zotsatira za Zool. Institute of Academy of Science of the USSR, vol. 153.P. 9-44.
- 1 2 Dewitt H. H., Heemstra P.C. & Gone O. (1990): Nototheniidae - Notothens. Mu: O. Gon, P. C. Heemstra (Eds) nsomba za ku Nyanja Yakumwera. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. Grahamstown, South Africa, P. 279-331.
- Hanchet S. M., Rickard G. J., Fenaughty J. M., Dunn A. ndi Williams M. J. H. Hypothetical moyo wozungulira wa Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) mdera la Ross Nyanja // CCAMLR Sci .. - 2008. - Vol. 15. - P. 35-553.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Petrov A.F. (2011): Antarctic Toothfish - Dissosticus mawsoni Norman, 1937 (kugawa, sayansi ndi usodzi). Thanzi la diss. Chinsinsi. biol. sayansi. M: VNIRO. 24 sec
- Fenaughty J. M., Stevens D. W., Hanchet S. M. Zakudya za Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) kuchokera ku Ross Nyanja, Antarctica (CCAMLR Statistical Subarea 88.1) // CCAMLR Sci .. - 2003. - Vol. 10 .-- P. 113-123.
- Parker S. J., Grimes P. J. (2010): Kutalika kwa zaka- ndi zaka-zodziwika za Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) mu Ross Nyanja. Sayansi ya CCAMLR. Vol. 17. P. 53-73.
- Fenaughty J. M. (2006): Kusiyana kwina m'mikhalidwe, kukula kwa kubereka, kuchuluka kwa kugonana ndi kufalikira kwa kutalika kwa Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) kuchokera ku Ross Sea, Antarctica (CCAMLR subarea 88.1). Sayansi ya CCAMLR. Vol. 13. P. 27-45.
- Cassandra M. Brooks, Allen H. Andrews, Julian R. Ashford, Nakul Ramanna, Christopher D. Jones, Craig C. Lundstrom, a Gregor M. Cailliet. Kuyerekezera zaka ndi kutsogola - chibwenzi cha radium cha Antarctic dzinofish (Dissostichus mawsoni) mu Ross Nyanja // Polar Biology. - 2011 .-- Vol. 34, Ayi. 3. - P. 329-338. - DOI: 10.1007 / s00300-010-0883-z.
- Hanchet, S.M., Stevenson, M.L., Phillips, N.L., ndi Dunn, A. (2005) Chizindikiro cha usodzi wa mano ku Subareas 88.1 ndi 88.2 kuyambira 1997/98 mpaka 2004/05. CCAMLR WG-FSA-05/29. Hobart, Australia.
Nsomba ndi dzino
Anthu amderalo adatsikira kale zokhudzana ndi gulugufe.
Amamuyamika makamaka mu kusuta (kusuta fodya) pamtengo wa pafupifupi ma ruble 350/300 / kg.
Chifukwa chake, nsomba zam'mafuta kwenikweni Peprilus triacanthus Peck (Sem. Stromateidae), ndipo m'Chingerezi nthawi zina zimatchedwa nsomba zaku dollar za ku England. Thupi ndi lalitali kumbuyo, lathyathyathya, ngati bream, mtundu: wakuda buluu kumbuyo ndi nandolo wakuda, m'mimba mwa siliva. Mbali yam'mimba imatha kukhala yowawa; kuchotsa bwino filimu yakuda yam'mimba ndikofunikira.
Ndipo utsi, womwe umayambitsa kuvomerezedwa koyenera kwa galimetayo, umagulitsidwa wopanda mutu, wopukutidwa (kutalika kwa thupi kupitilira kutalika), pafupifupi mita kutalika (nthawi zambiri amadula zidutswa za kilogalamu 1-1,5), woyala mbali ya mzere (ukulu wa chidutswa kuchokera pakhungu ndi mainchesi 6 -8).
Ogulitsidwa ndi mtengo wa "Mafuta", nthawi zina amakumana ndi mayina amtengo "Tsar nsomba" komanso "Tsar nsomba" (ulemu wopambana ku Astafiev?). Koma nkhani ya kulakwitsa kwa ma tag amtengo imafunikira positi ina.
M'malo mwake, iyi ndi nsomba ya mano. Dissostichus, banja. Notothenidae. Ndiye kuti, hefty notothenia chotere. Popanda kukhala Cuvier, sindingathe kudziwa nsomba yopanda mutu ndi mafupa kwa mitundu, koma pali mitundu iwiri yokha: D. eleginoides Smitt - Patagonian dzinofish ndi D. mawsoni Norman - Antarctic meno.
Zonse ziwiri ndizabwino komanso zokazinga, ndipo zophikidwa mu zojambulazo, ndikuwotchera moto, ndikuthira mchere ndi nsomba zamchere, ndi mapulani wosanja. Ndiye kuti, ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti mutha kuwona kuti ndi ayisikilimu basi (pafupifupi ma ruble 180 / kg) - tengani, simudzanong'oneza bondo.
Mayina achi Latin aperekedwa ndi: A.N. Kotlyar. Mtanthauzira wa mayina a nsomba zam'madzi m'zilankhulo zisanu ndi chimodzi. M., "chilankhulo cha Russia", 1984.
Gwira mwamphamvu molingana ndi voti, moyang'aniridwa ndi owonerera
Nyama yokoma ya dzino ndi yofunika kwambiri, ili ndi mafuta 30% ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Tangoganizirani momwe zimavutira kugwira nsomba, kuzikweza kuchokera pansi, kenako ndikupereka kudziko lathu.
M'masitolo athu, nsomba zimagulitsidwa ngati nsomba. Ndidapeza malonda pagulu lalikulu lamalonda pomwe 0,5 makilogalamu amathawira 3280 rubles.
Kapena malo ogulitsa pa intaneti amapereka kugula nsomba zolemera 10 kg pa 3550 pa kilogalamu. Ili ndiye mtengo weniweni wa dzino.
Koma pali malo ena ogulitsira omwe mtengo wake umakhala wotsika kwambiri. Ndipo pali mawu achilendo - mafuta. Chifukwa chiyani wotsika mtengo? Kodi ndi nsomba ya mano kapena chinthu china?
Amapezeka kuti "mafuta" ndi dzina lophatikizika la nsomba zingapo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi lingaliro limodzi - mafuta ambiri, mawonekedwe omwewo ndi kukoma kwake. Malo ogulitsira nthawi zambiri amapereka nsomba zamazino osati zodula kwambiri - escolar, yomwe imakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, okoma, koma pali CHOSI chimodzi chachikulu.
Mu nyama ya nsomba iyi mumakhala ma sera a polyester, omwe pafupifupi samatengedwa ndi thupi. Patatha ola limodzi gourat atadya nsomba ija, kunachita manyazi kwambiri: mafuta amadzimadzi otuluka mthupi mwake, ndikupanga kununkha kowopsa. Munthu samva chilichonse, ndipo akadzuka pampando, amamvetsetsa kuti chinthu choyipa chinachitika - zovala zake zonse zinali zodetsedwa. Mankhwala, chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa "karyorrhea."
Kugulitsa escolar kunali koletsedwa m'maiko ambiri, koma osati kuno. Zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo athu pansi pa dzina loti nsomba zamankhwala kwa ruble 1000 pa kilogalamu imodzi siino nsomba. Mumamvetsetsa ndalama zambiri. Posachedwa Chaka Chatsopano, musalakwitse, abwenzi. Ndipo khalani athanzi!