Ma Therizinosaurs (kapena Segnosaurus) adapezeka m'miyala yoyambira ku Early to Late Cretaceous ku Mongolia, China, komanso kumadzulo kwa United States. Dzina loti "Therizinosaurus" limachokera ku Therizinosaurus, dzina la m'modzi mwa oimira gululi, ndi "Segnosaurus" - kuchokera ku Segnosaurus.

Ma Therizinosaves anali ndi makosi atali, torsos lonse. Miyendo yakumbuyo inali ndi zala zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati prosauropod. Mafupa awo apadera a pelvic anali ofanana ndi mafupa am'mimba a nkhuku, ndipo maudindo ndi miyendo yawo inali yofanana ndi miyendo ndi zibwano za theropods zolusa.

Therizinosaurs amawonedwa kuti ndi achibale a prosauuropod mpaka m'ma 1990s, atapezeka kuti alxasaurus, mafupa ake amasungidwa pafupifupi. Alksazavr ayenera kuti amafanana ndi theropod, osati pro-sauropod, kotero ma Therizinosaurs m'gulu lamakono amadziwika kuti theropods.

Kulumikizana pakati pa ma therizinosaurs ndi maropod ena adayambitsidwa pokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa oimira akale a gululi, monga beiposaosaur mu 1999 ndi falkaria mu 2005. Asayansi omwe adalongosola falkaria adawona kuti ikuyimira gawo lapakati pakati pa ziwonetsero zakale ndi herbivorous theropods. Ngakhale ma Therizinosaurs adagawidwa ngati theropods, zigawo zawo zimafanana ndi zigaza za sauropod mawonekedwe a mano ndi nsagwada, motero zikuwoneka kuti zinali zobiriwira.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha Therizinosaurs ndizovala zazikulu pamapazi awo, zomwe mwa mitundu ina (monga therizinosaurus) zimafika kutalika masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi. Zowona kuti ma Therizinosaurs amatha kutambasulira kutsogolo kwawo patali kwambiri zimatsimikizira kuti anali azitsamba. Ma Thermaosaurs amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yayitali ndikuluka zoluka kuti zigwire nthambi pakamwa pawo, m'njira yofananira ndi sloth ya prehistoric. Zinthu zakale za Beipyaosaurus zimawonetsa kuti ma Therizinosaurs adakutidwa ndi utoto wakale wakale wofanana ndi womwe umapezeka mu Sinosauropteryx, komanso nthenga zazikulu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kukopa anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo kapena kuwopseza omwe amadana nazo. Ma Therizinosaurs anali gulu losiyanasiyana la ma dinosaurs, kuyambira ma beiposaosaurs (2.2 metres) kupita ku therizinosaurus yayikulu, yomwe imafikira mita 10-12, kulemera pafupifupi 6.2 ndipo inali imodzi mwazidutswa zazikulu kwambiri zotchedwa theropods.

Mbiri yophunzira

Chifukwa zomwe zomwe amapeza koyambirira sizinakwaniritsidwe, zinthu zodabwitsazi zidapangitsa asayansi ena, monga a Gregory S. Paul, kumalingaliro abodza akuti ma segnosaurs (mawu oti "serisinosaurs" sanagwiritsidwepo panthawiyo) ndi mbadwa za ma prosauropods kapena dinosaurs akale. Chifukwa chakuti ma therizinosaurs amadziwika kuti ndi achibale a prozauropod, zithunzi zoyambirira za segnosaur (kuphatikizapo zithunzi za Paul) zimawawonetsera ngati nyama zamiyendo inayi, komabe, kuyenda kwa zolengedwa izi pamiyendo inayi sikungakhale kotheka ngati mbalame yam'manja. Paleontologist Robert T. Backer mu 1986 adaganiza zosintha gulu la ma dinosaurs omwe analipo panthawiyo. Chotseka chimodzi chizikhala ndi ma dinosaurs onse achilengedwe - ma carnosaurs, coelurosaurs, ma raptors, ndi kupezeka kwachiwiri kwa onse a herbivorous - ornithopods, hadrosaurs, marginosaurus, ceratops, komanso segnosaurs, sauropods, ndi prosauropods.

Nthawi ndi malo okhala

Pamaso pathu pali penti yopanga bwino kwambiri yojambulidwa ndi wojambula waku Argentina Gabriel Lio.

Alshazaurs analipo kumayambiriro kwa Cretaceous, zaka pafupifupi 125-100,5 miliyoni zapitazo (kuyambira Aptic mpaka ku Albanian). Adagawidwa ku gawo lamakono la China, mu aimash Alashan, yomwe ndi gawo la boma la Inner Mongolia.

Mitundu ndi Mbiri Yopezeka

Mitundu yokhayo yomwe ikudziwika lero Alxasaurus elesitaiensischimodzimodzi kukhala zitsanzo.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zotsalira za alshazaur zidapezeka ndi a Sino-Canada akuchokera ku Ogasiti 21 mpaka Seputembara 2, 1988, makilomita 1 kumadzulo kwa mudzi wosiyidwa wa Elesitai ndi makilomita 23 kumadzulo kwa mudzi wa Tukemu (chipululu cha Alashan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China). Dera ili ndi la mapangidwe a Bain-Gobi geological.

Kufotokozera kwa alshazaurus kunaperekedwa ndi Dale Russell wa ku Canada ndi mnzake waku China Dong Zhimin mu 1994. Adasindikizidwa mu magazine azasayansi. Canadian Journal of Earth Sayansi. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, tinalongosola za mtundu wa alshazaur. Mtundu wa dzina la elesitaiensis umaperekedwa kumalo osiyidwa a Elesitai, pafupi komwe dinosaur adapezeka.

Mtundu wa holotype, wotsalira wa munthu wamkulu kwambiri komanso wangwiro kwambiri, adalandira cholembedwa kuti IVPP 88402a. Mulinso fupa la dzino lakumanja ndi mano angapo, mafupa a pelvis ndi miyendo, nthiti komanso msana wambiri, kuphatikiza 5 oblial ndi 19 caudal vertebrae. Kuphatikiza apo, zinanso zinanso za alshazaurus zimadziwika: IVPP 88301, IVPP 88402b, IVPP 88501 ndi IVPP 88510. Onsewo amalola kumanganso nyamayo pafupifupi kwathunthu, kupatula chigaza chokha.

Kapangidwe ka thupi

Kutalika kwa alshazaurus kufikira 3.8 metres. Kutalika mpaka mita 1.9. Analemera mpaka kilogalamu 380 (kulemera kwa mbidzi yayikulu).

Mcholin wa ku China amayenda ndi miyendo iwiri, mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 metres. Kutalika mchiuno kuli mpaka 1.5m.Matsozolembonso anali atali (pafupifupi mita 1). Anamaliza ndi zala zitatu ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zowoneka bwino. Izi zimawonetsa kuti alshazaur amagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwake pafupipafupi. Zitha kukhala zothandiza kupeza chakudya kapena kuteteza kwa adani. Zikuwoneka kuti, alshazaurus, ngati ma Therizinosaurs ambiri, sanasiyanitsidwe ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti linali logwiritsira ntchito kwambiri kuposa wachibale wawo wodziwika bwino - therizinosaurus (Therizinosaurus).

Tsoka ilo, chigaza sichinasungidwe kwathunthu: chidutswa chokha cha nsagwada yam'munsi chimadziwika. Komabe, potengera taxa yapafupi, titha kunena kuti inali yaying'ono, yopapatiza komanso yotalikirapo. Mano ang'ono owongoka a alshazaurus amaperekedwa ndi korona wooneka ngati masamba. Thupi la dinosaur yoyambilira ya Cretaceous linali lowoneka ngati mbiya ndipo anali atayamba kale kusiyanitsa ndi khosi loonda komanso laling'ono.

Wojambula waku China Chaun Chun Tat amapereka mitundu yambiri yowondera. Ngakhale kuti zojambulajambula zambiri zaluso zomwe zimawonekera pazithunzi za alshazaur, zizindikiro za nthenga sizinapezekebe. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa beiposaosaur wapafupi (Beipiaosaurus), wokhala ku China, kumaperekanso zolemetsa zochulukirapo pankhaniyi.

Mosiyana ndi ma Therizinosaurs akale, alshazaurus ili kale ndi mchira wofupikitsa. Mwambiri, alshazavrid anali sing'anga wamba sing'anga kwambiri.

Chifukwa choti ali ndi zizindikiritso za "oyamba" komanso a Therizinosaurs, kukhala apakatikati, Dale Russell ndi Dong Zhiming adamuyika mdera lina la alshazavrid. Ponseponse, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kupezeka kwa alshazaurus kunali chitsimikiziro chofunikira kuti Therizinosaurs adatsika muropods. Makamaka, fupa la m'chiwuno chamasana limapangidwa mwachilengedwe mu dromaeosaurids, troodontids, oviraptorids komanso mbalame. Zotsatira pambuyo pake za falcarius (Falcarius) ndi beipaosaurus adatsimikiza izi.

Mafupa a Alshazaurus

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ziwonetsero za mitundu ya Alxasaurus elesitaiensis kuchokera ku Royal Tyrrell Paleontological Museum (Drumler, Alberta, Canada).

Pansipa pali chiwonetsero chowonetsedwa ku Storium Museum (Vancouver, Briteni, Canada).

Chingwe: Alksazavr

Alksazavr - imodzi mwazosaona zachilendo, zachilendo komanso zochepa zophunzitsidwa. Zonsezi zinayamba ndikupeza kuti zachilendo akatswiri amaganiza zolakwika kuti mafupa a akambuku akuluakulu.

Koma zochuluka kwambiri za zotsalira izi sizinali zomveka komanso zodabwitsa: mutu wofanana ndi kamba, miyendo yayitali, kumbuyo, ngati chipolopolo.

Kufufuza mozama za zinthu zakalezi kumatsimikizirabe asayansi kuti apeza mtundu wa ma dinosaurs osadziwika mpaka nthawi imeneyo. Ndipo atapezeka ku China za mafupa osungidwa kwathunthu a Alksazavr, kukaikira kudatha.

Nyama yodabwitsayi imayenda pamiyendo iwiri yakumbuyo. Kutsogolo kumaso kunali mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu, monga zikuwonekeranso ndi foni yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ili pafoni. Malinga ndi akatswiri, mano a Alksazavra adathandizira kutafuna zakudya zamasamba. Miyendo ya nyamayo ili ndi zibwano zazitali, zomwe, zimawoneka, ndizodziwika bwino kwa adani. Komabe, adatumikira Alksazavru kuti ateteze ku zilombo zolusa.

Mwa akatswiri, mkangano unabuka kuti ndi gulu liti la ma dinosaurs buluzi wachilendo? Mbali imodzi, zambiri zimatsimikizira kuti ndi dinosaurs ya herbivorous. Kumbali ina, pali zizindikiro zomwe Alksazavra imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi theropods. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ena adayamba kunena kuti buluzi wodabwitsayu ndi banja la Therizinosaurs, mgwirizano wapakati pa sauropods ndi theropods. Mpaka pano, asayansi sanapeze lingaliro wamba. Kuti muwulule chinsinsi cha nyama yodabwitsa, akatswiri ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wambiri.

Malinga ndi asayansi, nthawi imeneyo, ma hamposaurs owoneka ngati ng'ona, akamba, komanso ma psittacosaurs - ma dinosaurs ang'onoang'ono a herbivorous, omwe panali ambiri ambiri, amakhala pafupi ndi Alksazavirs. Koma Alksazavr anali nyama yodziyesa bwino, ngakhale inali yozolowereka kwambiri. Kuwonekeratu komanso kutsogolo kolimba ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa kunamloleza kutulutsa nthambi zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi komanso masamba a ginkgo. Zotsalira zakale za mbewuyi zimapezeka ambiri ku China, zaka zawo zimakhala pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni. Modabwitsa, ginkgo adatsalabe kumwera kwa China. Awa ndi mitengo yosinthika, ali ndi zaka zofanana ndi ma dinosaurs. Malinga ndi asayansi, chinali chomera ichi chomwe chinali chakudya chachikulu cha Alksasaurs. Ngakhale munthawi yamabuluziwa amawombana, ma fern ndi maluwa akuluakulu kulikonse adakula.

Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo

Poona kapangidwe ka nsagwada ndi mano, alshazaurs amadya kwambiri zomera zam'madzi, ngakhale mwamalemba amathanso kudya nyama zazing'ono, monga amphibians, abuluzi ndi zinyama. Kuphatikiza apo, ma invertebrates, ma mollusks kapena tizilombo, amathanso kupita ku chakudya.

Tsoka ilo, paleobiota ya mapangidwe a Bain-Gobi sanaphunzire bwino. Pakadali pano, titha kudziwa kuti ma Alshazaurs mbali ndi sauropods osadziwika, ceratops, ndi theropods. Mwa madongosolo omwewo, hadrosaurid penelopognathus (Penelopognathus), wofotokozedwa mu 2005, amadziwikanso. Kufufuzanso kukuwonetsa yemwe anali mdani wachilengedwe wa alshazavr.

Alshazavrida aku China atha kukhala moyo wodzipatula, ndikujowina m'magulu. Pokomera ochirikiza mtundu waposachedwa, pali zinthu zambiri zopezeka mu falkaria, akatswiri azachipatala akale.

Onani: Therizinosaurs

Mafupa apadera amtunduwu a ma dinosaurs amafanana ndi mafupa am'mimba a ma dinosaurs a nkhuku. Ndipo miyendo ndi zikhadabo zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi miyendo ndi milomo ya nyama zamphongo. Therizinosaurus anali ndi torso lonse komanso khosi lalitali.

Nyamazo zinkapumira poyenda zala zinayi zakumaso, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azioneka ngati prosauropod. Amadziwikanso ngati abale a prosauropod mpaka pakati pa 1990s, pamene Alxazaurus idapezeka. Zinthu zotsala za nyamazi zasungidwa pafupifupi. Alksazavr amawoneka ngati theropod, koma osati ngati prosauropod. Pokhudzana ndi izi, Therizinosaurs m'magulu amakono asayansi amadziwika kuti theropods.

Komabe, kulumikizana pakati pa Therizinosaurs ndi maroprop ena kunakhazikitsidwa, popeza asayansi anapeza oyimirira m'gululi, monga beipaosaurus (mu 1999) ndi falkariya (mu 2005).

Alexazavar sanali wamkulu.

Ofufuza omwe amafotokoza falkaria amati ndi gawo lapakati pakati pa nyama zomwe zimadyera ndi zotchedwa herbivorous theropods. Pakadali pano, ma therizinosaurs amadziwika kuti theropods. Bokosi lawo la chigaza limafanana ndi chigaza cha sauropod chokhala ndi mano ndi nsagwada. Mwakuwoneka konse, nyama izi zinali zochulukirapo.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino cha Therizinosaurs ndizovala zazikulu pamiyendo yawo. Mumtundu wina wa nyama, zikhadazi zinafika kutalika masentimita 90. Therizinosaurs amatha kutambasulira kutsogolo kwawo kutali kwambiri. Kutha kuchita izi kukuwonetsa kuti nyamazo zinali zobiriwira. Njira yodyetsera ya Therizinosaurus ndi yofanana ndi kavalidwe koyambirira: Nyama zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso zikhomakhota zoluka kuti zigwiritse nthambi pakamwa pawo.

Kupezeka kwa nthenga m'madinowa kumatithandizabe kusamvana.

Panthawi yophunzirira za zotsalira za beiposaosaur, zidapezeka kuti ma Therizinosaurs adakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wakale wakale fluff. Mapaamu oyamba ofanana nawo anapezeka ku Sinosauropteryx. Nthenga zazikulu zinapezekanso. Nyama zidaziwonetsa pofuna kukopa oyimira amuna kapena akazi anzawo kapena kuwopseza adani.

Therizinosaurs ndi gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dinosaurs, kuphatikiza onse aang'ono a beiposaosaurs (2.2 mita) ndi ma therizinosaurs akuluakulu, omwe nthumwi zawo zinafika pamtunda wa 10-12 ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani 6.2 ndipo zinali zazikulu kwambiri mwa theropods.