Mayina: Fanoga, Malagasy stripy civet.
Dera: kumapeto za. Madagascar.
Kufotokozera: Zingwe za chingwe cha Malagasy chamizeremizere ndizowonda komanso zazitali, zosinthidwa kuthamanga. Zosangalatsa zonunkhira zimakhala pamasaya ndi khosi.
Fanoga amafanana ndi haibridi pakati pa mphaka ndi galu - ali ndi maso akulu ndi makutu akulu ozungulira. Mano ndi akuthwa. Pa miyendo amakula zolowereratu ndewu. Pali membranes pakati pa zala. Chovala cha ubweya ndi wandiweyani, wamfupi. Mchirawo ndi wautali wokwanira, fluffy.
Mtundu: yofiirira, mizere inayi yakuda imayendera mbali kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira (kwa anthu ena mawanga awa amaphatikizika ndi mikwingwirima), pali malo ena ofanana kumbuyo. Pali malo oyera pamutu (pafupi ndi kona yakunja kwa khutu).
Mbali yotsika ya thupi ndiyopepuka - imvi kapena yoyera. Pa mchira pali mphete zakuda ndi zofiirira.
Kukula kwake: kutalika kwa thupi ndi mutu 40-45 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira 21-23 cm.
Kulemera: Amuna mpaka 2 kg, akazi - mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu.
Utali wamoyo: ali mu ukapolo mpaka zaka 10-15.
Voterani: Pakugawidwa kwa nyama, a Malagasy ming'alu yamikwingwirima.
Habitat: amapezeka m'malo otentha m'malo otentha a kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa chilumbacho.
Chimakhala pamitengo.
Adani: njoka zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, mbalame ndi zilombo zina (mwachitsanzo, agalu omwe amabweretsedwa pachilumbachi ndi anthu).
Chakudya: fanoga ndi nyama yosaka nyama yosaka nyama (zolengedwa, nyama zapamtunda ndi mbalame zakuthambo, mbalame ndi mazira), tizilombo, ma mollusks ndi nyongolotsi. Nthawi zina amadya zipatso ndi zipatso.
Khalidwe: ma civets amtambo amatsogolera moyo wamadzulo. Ziphuphu zimakhazikika m'maenje a mitengo kapena zotchinga pakati pa mizu.
Fanaloks zimadya pansi, pamitengo yotsika komanso m'ma tchire.
Pofika nyengo yachisanu (Juni-August), nyama zimasungira mafuta, omwe amawaika m'malo ambiri mchira.
Gulu la anthu: Kuchokera mu nyengo yakubereketsa, ming'alu ya mizere imakhala moyo wopanda. Gawo limodzi la anthu awiri amodzi limakhala lalikulu. Malire a mdera la nyamazo ndi chinsinsi cha kudzoza, ziwalo ndi ziwengo.
Kuswana: Malairo wamiyala yaying'ono - wopindika, awiriawiri panthawi yakukhwima.
Nyengo / nyengo ya kuswana: Akaunti a Ogasiti-Seputembala. Ng'ombe zimabadwa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Januware.
Kutha msinkhu: zaka 3-4.
Mimba: imatenga miyezi itatu.
Progeny: mkaziyo amabereka mwana wa ng'ombe wamphongo wina wolemera 65-70 g. Thupi la ng'ombeyo limakutidwa ndi ubweya. Khwangwala amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuchepetsa kumatenga miyezi 2-3. Mwanayo amasiya mayi atakwanitsa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
Phindu / kuvulaza anthu: Anthu akumderalo amadyera pachipala cha Malagasy kuti adye nyama.
Kuchulukitsa / kusamalira: Dera loyandikira la fanalock lili pafupifupi 2000 km 2.
Mitunduyi yalembedwa m'bukhu la IUCN ngati mtundu wowopsa ku CITES Convention (Zowonjezera II).
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chiwalo cha Malagasy ming'oma ndikuchepetsa malo okhala, kusaka ndi mpikisano wazakudya ndi Indian civet (Viverricula indica).
Ngongole: Portal Zooclub
Mukasindikiza nkhaniyi, kulumikizana kwothandiza kwa gwero ndi MANDATORY, apo ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo kumaonedwa kuti ndikuphwanya lamulo la "Law on Copyright and rights rights".
Mawonekedwe
Malo ochezeka ku Madagascar ndi osiyana kwambiri m'thupi, ndipo kuchokera pamalingaliro pomwepo palibe mawonekedwe osagwirizana omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi ena omwe amadyera ena. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 25 cm mungo mpaka 70 cm mu fossa, mtundu waukulu kwambiri. Kulemera kumachokera ku 0.6 mpaka 12 kg. Zolimbitsa thupi zimakhala zowonda komanso zazitali, miyendo ndiyifupi. Chovalacho chimakhala cha imvi kapena chofiirira ndipo, kupatulapo fossa ndi mungo ang'ono-wokhala ndi timiyala, timakhala ndi mawanga kapena mikwingwirima.
Mutu wa zilombo zaku Madagascar, monga lamulo, uli ndi phokoso lalitali, fossa yokha yomwe ili ndi mutu wake wamfupi imafanana ndi mzere. Nsagwada zomwe zimadya nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ku Madagaska, kupatula fossa, sizinapangidwe bwino, ndipo mungo tating'ono, momwe mano amapangiranira kwambiri ndi nyama zosatetezeka.
Zochita ndi chikhalidwe chamagulu
Khalidwe la nyama zodya ku Madagascar ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo sizidaphunziridwe kambiri m'mitundu yambiri. Mitundu yaying'ono, monga mungo, imakhala ndi moyo masana, ikuluikulu imakhala yogwira ntchito usiku kapena madzulo. Mitengo yakufa, mapanga ndi miyala yamiyala, komanso zomanga zokhazokha zimakhala malo opumulirako. Khalidwe lazikhalidwe ndizosiyana kwambiri: pamodzi ndi mitundu yomwe imakonda kukhala yokhayokha, pali mitundu yomwe imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yambiri imakhala moyo wammunda ndipo imapangitsa malo awo kukhala achinsinsi chomwe abisala apadera. Zambiri zomwe zimadya ku Madagascar ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi, koma zina (mwachitsanzo, fossa) ndizabwino kwambiri pakukwera mitengo. Mungo wokhala ndi mphete komanso amasambira kwambiri.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Malo ochezeka a ku Madagascar amakonda kwambiri carnivores, amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso ma invertebrates, komanso ma vertebrates osiyanasiyana, kutengera kukula kwawo. Mungo wokhala ndi misozi yabwino amapangidwa mwanjira zina, ndipo mitundu ina, monga mungo wokhala ndi mungo ndi fanaluca, imadyanso zipatso zochepa.
Kuswana
Zochepa sizidziwika pakubadwa kwa mitundu yambiri ya nkhama za ku Madagascar. Monga lamulo, pali nthawi zomasukirana bwino, nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira kapena masika. Kutalika kwa mimba ndi pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ana mu zinyalala ndikochepa - kamodzi kapena ziwiri zokha. Fossi yekha amakhala ndi ana anayi nthawi imodzi. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala milungu yotalikirapo, ndipo kuyamwa mkaka kumachitika pakati pa miyezi iwiri ndi inayi. Palibe pafupifupi chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wawo wamtchire. Ali mu ukapolo, a Foss ndi a-mang-a-mungos amakhala zaka zoposa makumi awiri.
Zowopsa
Zidole zonse za ku Madagascar zimawonedwa kuti zili pangozi. Zifukwa zake ndizowonongera pang'onopang'ono kwa malo awo achilengedwe, komanso mpikisano ndi mitundu yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi anthu, monga agalu ndi kakhwawa kakang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya nkhama za ku Madagascar, monga fossa, imasakidwa chifukwa imapha nkhuku. Mwa mitundu khumi ya zilombo za ku Madagascar, IUCN yapereka mwayi wokhala "osatetezeka" (osatetezeka) kwa zinayi za mitundu inayi, ndipo zisanu ndi imodzi zomwezo zotsalazo zimawoneka kuti zili “pangozi” (pangozi).
Kukula kwa chisinthiko
Chifukwa chosiyana pa morphology ndi moyo, mabanja onse ochepera a Madagascar adadziwika kale m'mabanja awiri osiyana: mungo (Galidiinae) ophatikizidwa ndi mongoose, ndi Malagasy civet (Euplerinae) kupita ku Wyverns, pomwe ndalama za Fossa zimayenderana. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ena, nthawi zina amadziwika kuti ndi amphaka amphaka, ngakhale nthawi zambiri anali adagwirizana ndi gulu limodzi loyamba.
Kafukufuku wakufanizira kudzera mu kuyerekezera kwa DNA kwawonetsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka kuti olusa ku Madagascar amapanga gulu lodziwikiratu, ndiye kuti, amachokera kwa kholo limodzi. Pambuyo pake, adayamba kudzipatula kukhala banja lopatukana Eupleridae. Ubale wa Phylogenetic mkati mwa taxon iyi sunafotokozedwe bwino, ndipo ndizotheka kuti mungoes ndi gulu la paraphyletic.
Achibale apafupi kwambiri a Madagas Otsatsa ku Madagascar mwina adachokera kwa kholo lofanana ndi la mongoose lomwe lidawoloka Channel Channel ku Late Oligocene kapena ku Early Miocene (kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo). Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza ndi magulu ena anyani aku Madagascar, ndi a taxon ang'ono, omwe, ngakhale izi, adatha kukhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana achilengedwe munthawi yochepa.
Malagasy Striped Civet
Chitsulo chamwala cha Malagasy - Fossa fossana - woyimira yekhayo wa mtundu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango za Madagascar. Ngakhale kuti fossa ndi yokoma mtima Fossa ili ndi dzina lofanana ndi fossa la mtundu Cryptoprocta - wina Madagascar vivera, nyama ziwiri izi ndizosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.
Kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi mutu wa chingwe cha Malagasy chamizeremizere ndi 400-450 mm, mchira 210-230 mm. Amuna amalemera mpaka 2 kg, zazikazi mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Utoto wansalu ndi wofiyira-imvi, kumbali pali mizere inayi ya mawanga akuda, komanso malo angapo omwewo kumbuyo. Mwa anthu amtundu wina wa mtundu wa Malagasy womwe unamangidwa, malowa amatha. Pa mchira wa mphete pali zakuda komanso zofiirira. Mimba ndi ziwalo zina zakumbuyo ndizopepuka - imvi kapena zoyera, pali mawanga - nyama zina zimakhala ndi zochulukirapo, zina zimakhala zochepa. Miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yokonzedwa kuthamanga mwachangu. Mu "civet" wa Malagasy, womwe umakhala ndi matupi onunkhira.
Civet wa ku Madagascar uyu amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse ndipo amabisala m'mitengo yopanda kanthu kapena m'miyala yomwe ili pakati pa mizu. Amakhala moyo wosangalatsa, amakhala padziko lapansi komanso mitengo. Amadya ma mollusks, nyongolotsi zazing'ono zazikazi, kuphatikiza achule, nthawi zina zipatso. Fossa khalani awiriawiri mdera linalake. Ng'ombe zimabadwa pakati pa Okutobala ndi Januware. Mimba imatenga miyezi itatu, yaikazi imabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, yomwe pakubadwa imalemera 65-70 g.Amayipatsa mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo pakatha chaka chimodzi mwana amafikira kulemera kwa chinyama chachikulu. Fossa wodziwika, yemwe adakhala zaka 11.
Madagascar civet adalembedwa pa IUCN ndi Zowonjezera 2 za CITES. Kuchepetsa malo okhala fossa, ndipo kusaka kwachepetsa chiwerengero chake kukhala chovuta kummawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nkhalango zamvula za Madagascar.
Zizindikiro zakunja za malagian milozo
Chingwe cha Malagasy chingwe chimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, lotalika pang'ono komanso mchira wozungulira, womwe ndi pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi.
Kutalika kwa chingwe cha Malagian milozo kumafikira 40-45 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi masentimita 21-25. Amuna amalemera pafupifupi 2 kg, zazikazi mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu.
Nyamazo zimakhala ndi chopondera tating'ono, misomali yokhotakhota ndiyochepa. Mitundu yodulira, yosiyanitsidwa pang'ono. Zidyamakanda zimapangidwa bwino, koma ma fang siinapangidwe bwino. Ubweya ndi wamfupi, wakuda, wofiyira, wokhala ndi mawanga ansalu kumbali; amapanga mikwingwirima yayitali kumbuyo. Pali malo oyera pafupi ndi pakona yakumbuyo kwa khutu. Mimba imakhala yoyera kapena yoyera. Tsitsi kumchira ndi lalitali ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe amapanga mphete zazitali. Matendawa amatanthauza kulibe.
Malagasy milozo (Fossa fossana).
Zingwe za milozo ya Malagasy yamizeremizere ndi yochepa thupi komanso yayitali, yosinthidwa kuti ikuthamanga mwachangu. Zosangalatsa zonunkhira zimakhala pamasaya ndi khosi.
Nyamayi ili ndi maso akulu ndi makutu akulu ozungulira. Pa paws yotheka kuzimata zopindika. Pali membranes pakati pa zala.
Habitats of Malagasy milozo
Civet chamwala cha Malagasy ndichilengedwe ku Madagascar, okhala kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa chilumbachi. Mbalameyi imakhala m'nkhalango zonyowa zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso m'malo otentha. Chimakhala munsi mwa nkhalango zowirira, kuphatikizapo nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimafalikira mpaka mamita 1600 pamwamba pa nyanja, koma ndizosowa kwambiri kupitirira 1000 m. Zimapewa nkhalango zachiwiri.
Tsitsi lomwe lili mchira wa civet ndi lalitali kuposa thupi, ndipo ndimtambo wakuda lomwe limakhala ngati mphete zosinthika.
Milozo yokhala ndi ming'alu
Mtambo wopingasa wa Malagasy umangotengera chikhalidwe chokhazikika pamtunda, ndipo zochitika zambiri zimachitika usiku. Masana, maola masana, nyama yolusa imabisala pakati pa miyala, m'maenje, m'miyala pakati pa mizu. Fanoga amadya pansi, pamitunda yotsika komanso tchire. Pofika nthawi yozizira, mtundu wa Malagasy wokhala ndi zingwe umakhala ndi fungo lalikulu la mafuta osunthika, omwe amasungidwa m'malo ambiri mchira. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zimatha kukhala zopanda chakudya kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo zimatha kudikirira nthawi yoyipa yosaka.
Kunja kwa nyengo yakuswana, mimbulu yolumikizana imakhala yokhayokha. Iliyonse ili ndi chiwembu chayokha, chomwe chimakhala pamalo okwanira kilomita imodzi. M'malire a nyama zaderalo ndiye chinsinsi cha mafungo onunkhira, amapanga mafuta onunkhira omwe nyama zimayikira ichi kapena chinthu chimenecho. Ma fanalocks ndi nyama zokhalitsa chete. Samakonda kupereka mawu ndipo mawu awo samasiyananso kwambiri. Mukagawa nyama, mtundu wa Malagasy womwe umakhala wamizu.
Fanoga amagwiritsa ntchito kafungo kabwino kawirikawiri, mwachitsanzo, polemba gawo.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha Malagasy civet
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, a mtundu wa Malagasy wokhala ndi mikwingwirima amakhala m'nkhalango zambiri za Madagascar, koma tsopano amapezeka kokha kumpoto ndi kum'mawa. Malo okhala nyama zosowa pafupifupi 2000 km2. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa nyama mwachilengedwe kuno kwatsika ndi 20-25%.
Akatswiri akuwona chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwambiri kwa chiwerengero chawo kukhala kugwa kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe, zoyambirira; chifukwa cha kusayendetsa bwino kumeneku, civet amangotaya malo awo achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kusaka pafupipafupi komanso kuneneratu kwamphaka zomwe zimachokera kunja, agalu ndi civet ang'ono aku India, omwe amapikisana ndi civet ya Malagasy striped, amakhala ndi vuto pa boma la mitundu. Nyama zazing'ono zimasakidwa ndi njoka, mbalame. Nyama yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yamiyala ya Malagasy idyedwa ndi anthu amderali. Nyamazo zimawomberedwa chifukwa cha khungu lokongola ndi machiritso a civet, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala ndi malonda.
Civet wamalava wamalagase amawomberedwa chifukwa cha ubweya ndi machiritso amkati.
Kutetezedwa kwa mtundu wa Malagasy civet
Chipilala chopingasa cha Malagasy chalembedwa pa IUCN Red List ngati mtundu womwe ungathe kuopsezedwa posachedwa. Nyama yachilendo imatetezedwa ndi CITES Convention (Zowonjezera II). Madivelive civet ali pa mndandanda wa IUCN.
Civet chokhala ndi ming'alu ya Malagasy ndichotetezedwa m'malo osungirako mayiko: Montan d'Ambre, Andohakhela, Maroogeci, Masoala, Zakhamena, Ranomafana, komanso nkhokwe ya Ankaran. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 10-15.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Gulu
Fanaluca amayikidwa pa Hemigalinae subfamily wokhala ndi mikwendo ya kanjedza, kenaka m'magulu akeawo, Fossinae, chifukwa chofanana ndi ena m'gululi, adawonetsa Gregory, koma tsopano adayikidwa ngati membala wa gulu la Euplerinae, Pocock atafanananso ndi izo.
Kufotokozera kwakuthupi
Fanaluca ndi nyama yaying'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 47 (19 mainchesi) kupatula mchira (womwe ndi mainchesi 20 (7.9 inches)). Amuna amatha kulemera mpaka 1.9 kg (mapaundi 4.2), ndipo zazikazi zimatha kulemera mpaka 1.75 kg (3.9 mapaundi). Ndiwachiwiri kwa carnivore wachiwiri ku Madagascar pambuyo pa fossa. Mutu wake uli pafupi. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi kuyenda kwa nkhandwe yaying'ono. Izi zitha kusokonezedwa ndi gulu laling'ono la India ( Viverricula indica ) Imakhala ndi chovala chachifupi chofiirira kapena chofiirira, chokhala ndi mikwaso yakuda yakuda kutalika kuchokera kumutu kupita kumchira, pomwe mikwingwirima imakhala yopindika, kumangirira mchira kumakhala kowala kwambiri. Mikwingwirima imasanduka mawanga pafupi ndi pamimba. Miyendo yake ndiyifupi komanso yopyapyala.
Khalidwe
Fanaluca amakhalanso ndi moyo wosangalatsa, ngakhale magwero satsutsana kaya ndi aokha kapena, mwachilendo pakati pa euplerids, okhala awiriawiri. Uku si kukwera bwino ndipo mitsinje imakonda kuyendera.Amadyetsa nyama zazing'ono zazikazi (zolengedwa, zolengedwa, ndi amphibians), tizilombo, nyama zam'madzi, komanso mazira obedwa kuchokera ku zisa za mbalame. Ndi yamanyazi komanso yamanyazi. Kuyankhula kwawo kuli ngati kulira ndikulira, komanso mawu ofanana Coc-Coq . Maanja amuna ndi akazi amateteza dera lalikulu (mahekala 50) ngati gawo lawo. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kusunga mafuta mchira, omwe amatha mpaka 25% ya kulemera kwawo. Nthawi yakukhwima kwa kambwala wa ku Malagasy ndi mwezi wa Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala ndipo nthawi ya bere ili pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ikutha ndikubadwa kwa mwana m'modzi. Achichepere amakhala ophunzitsidwa bwino, olemera pafupifupi 65 mpaka 70 magalamu (2.3 mpaka 2,5), ndipo amachotsedwa mu miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kusiya makolo awo pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Fanaluca amakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 21 ali mu ukapolo.
Kugawa ndi malo okhala
Fanaluca imapezeka kumapiri ndi madera otentha a kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Madagascar, ndipo imapezekanso m'nkhalango zachinyezi komanso zakutali ku Amber Mountain National Park, ndikupitanso kumpoto, m'nkhalango zopanda chonde za Ankarana Nature Reserve. Imatha kupezeka kuyambira pa mulingo wanyanja mpaka 1,600 metres (5,200 mapazi) pamwamba pa nyanja, koma nthawi zambiri imangokhala mpaka mamita 1,000 (3300 mapazi) pamwamba pa nyanja.