Dzinali "gurami" limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba za banja la Macropod kapena Guramiev, lomwe lili ndi mitundu 86 yophatikizidwa mu genera 14. Makulidwe akulu akulu kuyambira 2 cm (Pygmy gourami kapena Trichopsis) mpaka 70 cm (Gourami kapena Osphronemus). Si nsomba zonse zomwe zimakhala nsomba zam'madzi ndipo ndizoyenera kuswana kunyumba. Mitundu yayikulu ndiyofunikira pamsika.
Mwa mafani a nsomba za ku aquarium, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyodziwika kwambiri:
Kutalika kwakukulu masentimita | Zaka zokhala ndi moyo | Mtengo wapakati, ma ruble | |
Gourami Chonyamulira (Trichogaster) | 5-7 | mpaka 10 | 80-120 |
Khwangwala (Trichopsis) | 3 | mpaka 4 | 50-80 |
Chocolate (Sphaerichthys) | 5-6 | mpaka 7 | 100-120 |
Colisa (Colisa) | 4-8 | mpaka 10 | 200-300 |
Trichogaster (Ctenops nobilis) | 5-7 | mpaka 12 | 500 |
Kwawo Gourami
Amakonda madzi otentha otentha ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 24-26. Madzi akatentha pansi pa 20, nsomba zimagona kapena kufa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala m'nkhalangozi, pakati pa algae, snags.
Zizolowezi izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi chilengedwe cha banja la Macropod. Kwawo kwa gourami ndikufalikira kwamadzi ku Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Singapore, India, Thailand, zilumba za Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sri Lanka. Amakhala m'madzi oyera okhala ndi madzi oyimilira (madambo, nyanja, dziwe, minda yamapunga) ndimadzi oyenda (mitsinje, mitsinje, ngalande). Mitundu ina imakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian pamtsinje wa mitsinje.
Gourami ndi nsomba zodumphira m'mimba zomwe zimapuma kudzera pa gill labyrinth, chinthu chapadera chomwe chimalola mpweya wamlengalenga kuti ugwire pamadzi. Gourami amakhala popanda madzi kwa maola 6. Koma mu chotengera chotsekedwa, chopanda mpweya, chimafa.
Gourami woyamba wa aquarium adawonekera ku France zaka za 90 za XIX. Kusamalira ndi kusamalira kunyumba kwakhala chinthu chotchuka kwambiri ku Europe. Tili ndi ngongole kwa wasayansi wina, a Pierre Carbonne, omwe, atayesetsa kwambiri, adawachotsa kuchilumbako kupita kumzinda waku France. Mu 1897, V.M. Desnitsky adabweretsa nsomba zachilendo kuchokera ku Singapore kupita kudera la Russia.
Mitundu ya Aquarium ya gurus nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mavuto ndi kukula ndi kukula kochepa - 2-10 cm.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kwa okonda nyama zomwe zili m m'madzimo, nsomba zazing'ono za mtundu wawo za Perciformes zotchedwa gourami ndizoyenereradi. Zamoyo izi ndizocheperako (5 mpaka 12 cm).
Komabe, zonse zimatengera zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, njoka zam'mimba zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama zamtchire nthawi zina zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 25c. Koma nsomba zotere nthawi zambiri sizisungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, anthu omwe, omwe ali amtundu wa gourami, nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi kukula kwa 10 cm.
Thupi la gourami ndi chowulungika, chothinikizidwa pambuyo pake. Monga titha kuwonera chithunzi gourami nsomba, zipsepse zake zam'mimba ndizitali kwambiri komanso zopyapyala kuti zimafanana ndi masharubu mawonekedwe, okhala ndi kukula kofanana ndi nsomba yomwe. Amagwira ntchito ya ziwalo zogwira, yomwe imatha kusinthanso.
Utoto wa nsomba ndiwosangalatsa komanso wosiyanasiyana. Gourami ya njoka yotchulidwa kale yotchuka ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wake wa azitona wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakumaso mbali zoyenda mopingasa ndikuzungulira mizere yagolide. Mtundu wa mwezi gourami Ndiwotuwa, koma m'mitundu yake yaikazi imakhala miyala, mandimu ndi golide.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa mwezi
Mtundu wa siliva wa violet uli ndi thupi lokongola ngale gourami, yomwe idatipatsa dzina chifukwa cha malo ndi peyala sheen, yotchuka chifukwa cha zovala zake zachilengedwe. Palinso gourami wowoneka, wowala ndi masikelo asiliva ndikuponyera mthunzi wa lilac wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yodontha komanso malo awiri amdima - zoyipa za dzinali mbali zonse ziwiri: chimodzi chapakati, ndi china kumchira.
Chithunzi pera gourami
Marble gourami Imakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi dzinalo: pamtundu wonyezimira bwino wamtundu wake, mawanga amdima akuda kwambiri amapezeka, ndipo zipsepazo zimasonyezedwa ndi mabala achikasu.
Chithunzi patsamba la nsangalabwi
Nsomba yokongola kwambiri wokondedwa gourami. Ichi ndichitsanzo chaching'ono kwambiri pa mitundu yonse, wokhala ndi mtundu wa siliva wotuwa ndimtambo wachikasu. Amakhala kukula kwa 4-5 cm, nthawi zina ochulukirapo. Sikuti anthu onse amakhala ndi mtundu wa uchi, koma amuna okha ndi omwe amatha kutulutsa. Katundu wosangalatsayu adayambitsa malingaliro olakwika ambiri pomwe oimira amtundu umodzi wa nsomba adapatsidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mu chithunzi, wokondedwa gourami
Ndipo apa chokoleti chokoleti, yemwe kwawo ndi India, mtundu wake ndiwogwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzina lake ladzikoli. Mbali yayikulu ya thupi lake ndi yofiirira, nthawi zambiri imakhala yotuwa kapena yowoneka ngati yofiyira, pomwe pamakhala mikwingwirima yoyera ndikuphimba kwaso. Kuwala kwamitundu ndi chisonyezo chofunikira kwambiri cha nsomba izi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi thanzi.
Munjira yomweyo, mutha kudziwa mtundu wa zolengedwa, zazimuna zomwe zimakhala zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino. Ndizokulirapo ndipo zili ndi zipsepa zazitali, pakati pomwe dorsal ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yolowera.
Mu chithunzi, chokoleti gourami
Gourami anapezeka m'malo otentha. Ndipo mkati mwa zaka za XIX, zoyesayesa zidapangidwa kuti zibweretse ku Europe kuti zithandizidwe kuchokera kuzilumba za Malaysia, kuchokera m'mphepete mwa Vietnam ndi Thailand. Koma popeza adawanyamula m'mitsuko yodzazidwa ndi madzi kupita m'mbali, yokutidwa ndi mabwalo am matabwa pamwamba, kuti apewe kutaya kwakatundu mkati mwa kuwoloka, anafa mwachangu osakhala ndi tsiku limodzi.
Chomwe chinalephereka chinali zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe izi, zomwe zili m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi labyrinth, zomwe zimatha kupumira mpweya wamba mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo china chotchedwa branchial labyrinth.
Mwachilengedwe, pokhala ndi kufunikira kwa kupuma kwamtunduwu chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa m'madzi, zimayandama pamadzi ndipo, zikuwonetsa nsonga ya muzzle, zimagwira mpweya.
Podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino, atazindikira izi, azungu adatha kuyendetsa mitsuko m'mabomba amodzi popanda mavuto, koma pang'ono ndi madzi, kuwapatsa mwayi wopumira mpweya, wofunikira kwa iwo. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, nsomba zamtunduwu zidayamba kuwezedwa m'madzi am'madzi.
Mwachilengedwe, ma gourams amakhala m'malo am'madzi a mitsinje yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, nyanja, zovuta ndi mitsinje ya Southeast Asia. Poyamba anthu amaganiza kuti ziwalo zoberekera zimagwira ngati chida chomwe chimathandizira kuti nsomba zizisunthira pakati pamadzi, ndikupangitsa kuti madzi azisungunuka kuti athandizire kutukutira matendawa.
Chiyambi
Malo omwe nsomba za gourami zimabadwira ku Southeast Asia, mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana m'derali. Chifukwa chake, ngale zimakhala pachilumba cha Borneo ndi Sumatra, ndipo mwezi umayamba kuchokera ku Cambodia. Ma Gourams mwachilengedwe amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi mitsinje yayikulu, nyanja kapena zovuta.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, nsomba zam'madzi izi zidayesedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti zizitulutsidwa kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe, koma palibe chomwe zidabwera. M'mbuyomu, nsomba zonse zakunja zimanyamulidwa m'madzi mbiya, ndipo patapita nthawi zimangomwalira. Kuyeserera kunachitika mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka zambiri, koma sizinathandize.
Zotsatira zake pambuyo pake, inali njira yoyendera. Mbalezo inkakutidwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi chikopa choyandama pamadzi, panalibe chowongolera mkati, chifukwa munalibe mabatani am'mlengalenga, nsomba zimasambira pamadzi, koma samatha kumeza pamenepo chifukwa cha chivundikirocho. Chifukwa chake zidapezeka kuti nsomba zonse zomwe zimayendetsedwa zimangokhala zikukula pambuyo pake. Kenako lingalirolo linadzaza mbiya kuti zisapite pamwamba kwambiri osatseka chivindikiro mwamphamvu. Pambuyo poti vutoli litathetsedwa, nsomba zidawonekera ku Europe ndi Tsarist Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yomweyo adawoneka othokoza V.M. Disnitsky, yemwe adabwera naye ku Singapore, ndi Matte, omwe adabweretsa nsomba kuchokera ku Berlin.
Amawoneka bwanji
Amadziwika ndi kapangidwe kamodzi ka thupi. Magawo angasiyane pakati pawo kukula kwake, mtundu wake, kutalika kwa moyo ndi zazing'ono.
Gurami amawoneka wochepera, pambuyo pake wosindikizidwa nsomba. M ziphuphu zazitali zamkati zimagwira ntchito yopanda kanthu. Thupi limakhala ndi gawo, koma nthawi yomweyo silikhala ndi mawonekedwe. Gourami ambiri amadziwika ndi thupi lowoneka bwino, lomwe lokongola kwambiri ndi ngale ndi uchi. Kufotokozera komwe malo okhala gourami amafanana ndi mitundu yonse, awa ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje, yodzadza ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chokhala m'madzi opanda ubweya wambiri komanso ochepa okosijeni, adapanga gawo laling'ono la branchial ndi zida zama labusinth. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kuchoka popanda mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kukula kwa nsomba kumasintha kwambiri, kumakula mpaka masentimita 15. Mitundu ina imalimidwa chifukwa cha malonda ndipo imatha kukula mpaka theka. Ku Asia, ngakhale mbale zapadera za gourami zimakonzedwa.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, mu aquarium mumapezeka pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri.
Nsomba ya marble gourami ndi imodzi mwazitundu zazikulu komanso zazikulu - mpaka 15 cm. Nthawi yoyembekeza moyo ndi zaka 4-6. Mtundu wa thupi umakhala ndi mawanga amdima pakhungu lakuda.
Lunar (trichogaster microlepis) ali ndi mtundu wa siliva wokhala ndi tint ya azitona. Mphemba za pectoral ndizochulukirapo kuposa mitundu ina. Kutalika kwa 12-14 masentimita, nthawi yayitali ya moyo - zaka 6. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba yamalonda kudziko lakwawo.
Golide (trichogaster trichopterus sumatranus var golide) ali ndi mawanga awiri akuda mthupi, mthunzi wonsewo ndi wagolide. Kutalika 13 cm, amakhala ndi zaka 7.
Pearl kapena pelescent gourami (trichogasterleeri) limatenga kutalika kwa masentimita 11. Amuna ndi owala kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Thupi limawoneka kuti limaseweredwa ndi timadontho tasiliva lowala, chifukwa cha izi dzina lawo lidawonekera. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 7, amakhala amanyazi pamakhalidwe, amakonda malo obzala okhala ndi malo osambira.
Spotted kapena bulauni (trichogaster trichopterus) kutalika kwa masentimita 12, kukhala ndi khungu lasiliva lofiirira. Pali mbali ziwiri zazing'ono kumbali. Amakhala mpaka zaka 10.
Ku Sumatran kapena buluu gourami (trichogaster trichopterus sumatranus), mawonekedwe awo ndi gawo lina. Thupi limakhala ngati aquamarine wachikuda, ndipo ndikatulutsa, utoto umakhala wowala. M'mphepete mwake muli mikwingwirima yamtambo ndi malo awiri akuda. Kutalika kwake ndi 8-10 cm, ndipo kumakhala pafupifupi zaka 7.
Ma kissers amapezeka aimvi komanso opinki. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa chakuti amasambira pang'onopang'ono kutsogolo kwawo, kenako amagwirana milomo. Kuchokera kumbali pang'ono ngati kupsompsona. Amakhulupirira kuti umu ndi momwe amawerengera momwe amakhalira. Amakula m'litali mwake masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Kuti muwasamalire mumafunikira ngalande yayikulu ya malita 200.
Gourami kapena mini gourami amakula laling'ono kwambiri - mpaka 4 cm. Ili ndi mtundu wa bulauni, koma sikelo ndi yofiira, yobiriwira kapena yamtambo. Thupi laling'ono limaponyedwa ndi utoto wa utawaleza. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 4.
Nsomba ya Aquarium gourami siyakukhudzidwa ndi momwe ikukonzera, nsomba sizifunikira kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, imatha kukhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.
Kutentha kwamadzi kwa gourami sikuyenera kukhala kotsika ndi 21 ° C, apo ayi nsomba zili pachiwopsezo cha kudwala. Kusunga malo osungirako zinyalala kwambiri pa 24-27 ° C. Magawo ena amadzi siofunikira kwa iwo.
Makonzedwe a Aquarium
Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa malo am'madzi amatengera mtundu wa gourami womwe udzakhalemo. Kwa uchi, malita 20 kwa anthu omwe ali ndi 2-3 adzakhala okwanira, pomwe kuchuluka komweko kwa pearl kuyenera kukhala mu malita 40 kapena kupitirira. Pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa gourami pa malita 100, ndibwino kukhazikitsa pazinthu 7 (18 zitha kukhala chokoleti, koma zongopsompsona 2 zokha).
Mutha kudzala mbewu zilizonse m'madzimo. Amasiyanitsa pakati pa malo omwe nsomba zimasungidwira, chifukwa choti pazikhala mikangano yocheperako ndipo mitundu yambiri yamanyazi ikhoza kukhalamo. Zosiyanasiyana zingapo:
- Pakuyenera kukhala ndi mbewu zochepa zoyandama kuti nsombazo zizitha kusambira mpaka pamadzi, ndikuti kuwala kumalowera mu aquarium.
- Kumbukirani kuti ma gour amakonda kwambiri kudya nawo madyerero.
Ndikofunika kusankha dothi lakuda, koma izi ndizongowoneka bwino, chifukwa mtundu wake udzasiyanitsidwa.
Habitat
Malo okhala zachilengedwe - madzi ofunda, matope, malo osowa, ku Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand, Vietnam. M'madzi oterowo ndi otetezeka: ochepa mwa nsomba amatha kukhala m'madzi opanda bwino. Pali chakudya chokwanira pamenepo. Ndipo vuto la ochepa okosijeni limathetseka motere: gourami nthawi zambiri imayandama pamwamba, kumeza kuwira kwa mpweya ndikubwerera pakati. Dzinalo "gourami" limamasuliridwa kuti "nsomba yotulutsa mphuno mwake m'madzi."
Zodyetsa
Zakudya za gourami zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndizofunanso kudya zakudya zamoyo (mwachitsanzo, mazira owuma, daphnia) ndi mitundu ina youma (youma gammarus). Gourami imakhala ndi kamwa yaying'ono, choncho magawo odyetsa sayenera kukhala akulu kwambiri. Musaiwale kuti chakudya chimayenera kukhala chosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina chimapatsa moyo, komanso nthawi zina chouma.
Musamamwe mowa kwambiri, chifukwa amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muleke kudya kamodzi pa sabata, kukonza tsiku losala kudya.
The nuances of kuswana gourami
Nthawi zambiri palibe vuto ndi njirayi, ndipo zimatheka kuwereketsa gourami ponseponse mu akasariamu komanso mosakanikira 20-lita. Ngati kuwaza kumayenera kukhala mu thanki wamba, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kusamalira mbewu zoyandama komanso kusakhalapo kwa mafunde amphamvu. Izi zithetsa kuwonongeka kwa chisa chithovu, chomwe chimapanga champhongo.
Ngati nsomba yatuluka mu malo am'madzi osiyana, magawo am'madzi otsatirawa ayenera kusamalidwa:
- kutentha 24 ° -26 ° C,
- kuuma 4-10,
- acidity kuyambira 5.8 mpaka 6.8.
Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale pobisalira pansi pomwe mkazi amatha kubisala. Pakakhala kuti msuzi wokhathamira wakonzeka, wamwamuna azikolowekamo. Makolo onse ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino, makamaka chakudya chamasabata awiri.
Kutulutsa kwa perez kuyenera kuyikidwira mu thanki yayikazi. Pakadali pano, mutha kuwona "awiriwo" mwachikondi ndi zovuta zawo. Wamphongo amakhala wowala, amasambira, kufalitsa zipsepse zapamwamba. Koma sikuti ndi "macho" chabe, komanso tate wacikondi wa pabanja, yemwe sanasiye kusamalira chisa chithovu bwino kwambiri.
Ndipo amamanga chisa pogwiritsa ntchito thovu kuchokera mkamwa mwake ndi madzi akumwa. Kuti amange mokwanira, yamphongo imafunikira pafupifupi masiku atatu. Nthawi zambiri, bambo gourami amakonda kwambiri bizinesi kotero kuti alibe chidwi ndi chakudya ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yonse ili pafupi ndi nyumba yake. Mwini safunika kuda nkhawa, iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe nsomba zimakhalira mu nthawi yotanganidwa iyi.
Chisa chikakonzeka, ntchito yoterera imayamba:
- yamphongo ikuwonetsa kuyendetsa bwino “mkwatibwi” pansi pa chisa,
- Izi zikachitika, umakumana ndi mazira, omwe amayamba kuthamanga,
- mazira onse omwe sagwera mchisa, yamphongo imasunthira komweko.
Njira yofalikira imatha pafupifupi maola 3-4, mumadutsa angapo. Kuti muchepetse liwiro, mutha kuwonjezera madzi osungunuka (mpaka 1/3 ya voliyumu yonse) mu thanki ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwake mpaka 30 ° C. Pafupifupi, zinyalala za gourami zimakhala ndi mazira mazana awiri, koma pali akazi ambiri ochulukirapo.
Kuterera kukamaliza, nsomba imabalalika - chachikazi imabisala pobisalira pansi, ndipo yamphongo imakhala pamavuto. Ku gourami, ndi amuna omwe amasamalira mazira mpaka kuwedza. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti chodzala chikhale nthawi yomweyo.
Kutalika kwa mazira kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 1-2, momwe mazira amakulira mwachangu, kutengera kutentha kwa boma.Mphutsi zikaswa, zimapachikika chisa chithovu, ndipo zikagwera, zamphongozo zimazibweza.
Pambuyo pamasiku awiri, mphutsi zimasanduka mwachangu ndipo zimatha kusambira popanda kudziimira. Koma apa, nawonso, tate akuwonetsa kukhala tcheru kwambiri, amatenga ana mkamwa mwake ndikuwayika chisa. Pamene mwachangu ayamba kuwonetsa zochitika ndikusambira tangi yonse, bambo wa banjalo ayenera kubwezeretsedwera kumalo osambira ambiri - iye, mwatsoka, amasangalala ndi ana ake.
Pomwe yamphongo ikusamalira mazira ndi mphutsi, kudyetsa sikokwanira. Mphutsi zikawoneka, madziwo akuyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka 6-10 cm. Ichi chizowunikira ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kupangika kwa labyrinth mu mwachangu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi milungu 4.
Ngati mbewuyo idadzakhala yambiri, ndiye kuti chisamaliro chokhala ngati thanki yopanda tirigu iyenera kusamalidwa. Mwachangu idyani ma ciliates, "fumbi" labwino, yogati. Mutha kugulanso zakudya zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zomera nsomba:
- Ndikofunikira kuti chithandizocho chiphatikize ndi mapuloteni - ngati adapangira mwachangu osakwana 1 cm,
- lero mutha kupeza chakudya chomwe chimathandiza kukhala ndi madzi oyera,
- chakudya choterocho ndi nthaka yabwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi kosavuta kuti ana azidya,
- Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakonzedwa zimakhala ndi zowonjezera komanso zofunikira zina.
Muyenera kuwunika mosamala chakudya cham'badwo uno - zonse zomwe sanadye ziyenera kutsukidwa.
Fryani yonyamula zodyera imakula mosasiyanitsa, mpikisano nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pawo, kenako anthu amphamvu ndi okulirapo amayamba kudya zofooka. Pano, mwini wake wa aquarium ali ndi njira ziwiri - kudalira chifuniro cha chilengedwe komanso chifukwa cha kusankha kwachilengedwe wamphamvu kwambiri adzapulumuka, kapena kuyesa mwachangu.
Zikuwoneka kuti kupanga pang'onopang'ono ndikosavuta, koma pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:
- nsomba ziwiri zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe, koma mwini wake azisamalira achichepere ndi ubale wawo m'sukulu,
- wachinyamata wodzipereka kwambiri kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka 12, ngati mukusowa nthawi ino, kufalikira kungachitike konse,
- Ngati madzi mu aquarium sanali oyera mokwanira, gourami akhoza kusiya malingaliro ofuna kutuluka,
- kuti njirayi iyende bwino, muyenera kusamalira mtendere wa makolo amtsogolo - mutha kutseka kutsogolo kwa thankiyo yozungulira ndi nsalu, makatoni kapena mapepala,
- Nthawi zina, mazira amayamba kuponyedwa ndi gourami pomwe chisa sichikupezeka - koma amatuluka pamwamba komanso amakula mphutsi, kenako mwachangu.
Gurami ndi zolengedwa zachilendo zomwe zimakhala ndi maluso apadera omwe zimapangitsa kudabwitsidwa komanso kusilira. Ndi anthu abwino okhala m'madzimo omwe ndi osangalatsa kuwonera. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ndizowonjezera kwambiri pagulu lanyumba zam'madzi zomwe zilipo. Zachidziwikire, musanayambe gourami, ndi bwino kudziwana ndi anthu am'madziwo ndikuganizira zina, pokhapokha ngati izi sizisangalatsa.
Ndi angati akukhala
Zimatengera mwachindunji mtundu ndi chisamaliro cha ma gourams omwe ali mu aquarium. Kutalika kwa nsomba ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma ngati zinthu zili zabwino kwambiri, nthawi imeneyi imatha kupitilizidwa ndi zaka 2-3.
Komanso kudyetsa kwamunthu kumakhudza mwachindunji nthawi yomwe munthu akukhala ndi moyo, ndikofunikira, nsomba zanu zimatha kukhala ndi moyo!
Kufotokozera
Mawonekedwe akunja amtunduwu: gulu lalikulu lamtunda, lopindika pambuyo pake, pakamwa pamakhala pamalo apamwamba. Msempha ndi ma anal zimatambalala kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira, waukulu. Mphesa zamkati zimakhala ndi cheza chotalikirana chaching'ono kuti chikhale ndi mawonekedwe: ndi iwo, nsombayo imayang'ana pansi ndi nthiti za mbewu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya gourami, kuphatikizapo omwe adachita bwino mizu yanyumba. Chachikulu kwambiri chimatchedwa bulauni (gourami wamkulu), m'chilengedwe chimafika masentimita 30, anthu am'madzi amatalika mpaka 17. Mitundu yotsalayi ndi yaying'ono, pafupifupi, masentimita 7-10.
Kugwirizana
Nsomba zamtundu wa gourami zimagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono. Oyandikana nawo amatha kukhala ma cichlids ang'ono, ma characin, viviparous, cyprinids, ndi zina. Kugwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya gourami kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri ngati kuli malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo okhala.
Gourami imatha kuvuta ndi golide ndi mitundu ina yophimba, chifukwa amayamba kuyitsina. Koma iwo eni amatha kukokedwa ndi ziphuphu zam'mimba ndi ma cichlids akuluakulu, malupanga ndi zigoli, choncho ndibwino kuti musazigwiritse pamodzi.
Pali zosagwirizana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gouras kapena pakati pa amuna popanda awiriawiri.
Nthawi zambiri, gourami amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi hydra kapena nkhono (coils kapena physis), chifukwa amayamba kupulula owonjezera. Nsomba sizisamala kudya izi.
Kubzala gurami ndi kufalitsa
Tsoka ilo, gourami sikuti ndi viviparous, koma nsomba zokhala m'madzi am'madzi, motero muyenera kuyesa pang'ono kuti zitheke bwino. Koma muziyamba kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wosankhidwa amakhala mosiyana ndipo amadyedwa mowolowa manja (makamaka ma nyongolotsi amwazi). Kuti muthe kuwaza bwino, mudzafunika malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 20, madziwo azikhala 15 cm. Ndikwabwino kuti mutenge wakale, aquarium sioyendetsedwa, payenera kukhala mbewu zazing'ono pamtunda (richchia, Hornwort).
Pofuna kutola opanga abwino, kusunga sukulu ya nsomba ndikabwino. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi nsonga zazitali zazitali ndi ma fine. Amphongo ndi achikazi owala bwino kwambiri amatengedwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala chizindikiro cha thanzi labwino.
Werengani zambiri za kusiyana pakati pa gourami wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi kubereka mu nkhani ina.
Amuna a gourami amamanga chisa chawo kuchokera ku chithovu ndi mbewu, ndikakonzeka, wamkazi amawayikira. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mkazi wokonzekera kupanga kutuluka, m'mimba mwake ndi wozungulira. Pakakhala wamkazi, wamwamuna amakonzekera kuvina kovutitsa, mtundu wa thupi umapangika bwino.
Mwachangu limawonekera pambuyo pake kuchokera ku caviar. Amadyetsedwa choyamba ndi infusoria, kenako amapatsidwa artemia yaying'ono ndi daphnia. Pazakudya zowuma, mwachangu limakula pang'onopang'ono. Pakadutsa masiku 10, akuluakulu amawotcha, chifukwa amatha kuvulaza mwachangu kapena kuwadya.
Kuswana kwaumboni
Zofunikira zotsatirazi zimapangidwa kuti azisamalira gourami kunyumba:
- gawanitsani madzi owerengeka okhala ndi malita 25-30,
- Mwamuna m'modzi azikhala ndi akazi awiri,
- Kutentha kwamadzi mu kuwundana ndi madigiri 2-3 kuposa momwe amapangira madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, kutentha kumacheperachepera wamba,
- kuyatsa ndi kowala
- kupezeka kwa mbewu mukutulutsa. Kuti apange chisa - cholowa ndi zina zazing'ono zoyandama pamtunda. Kuti akazi atetezeke, amuna akakhala aukali - nyanga komanso zina zoyandama mumtsinje.
Momwe mungadziwire jenda ya gourami. Kusiyana kwa kugonana kumatengera mtundu wa nsomba, nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi thupi lozungulira.
Kuti akhazikitse nsomba kuti zibalike, zamphongo ndi zazimuna zimatumizidwa kuti zizichulukitsa ndi kudyetsa zakudya zama protein ndi vitamini kwa masabata awiri, ndikuwonjezera magawo. Ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chidadyedwa kwathunthu, apo ayi chidzayamba kuwonongeka pansi. Gourami samakonda kusonkhanitsa chakudya kuchokera pansi. Kusintha kwamadzi kumakhala tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ntchito yowaza imayamba ndikumanga chisa chachimuna. Yaikazi imakhala yozungulira, yomwe imawonetsa kusasitsa kwa mazira. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndibwino kuti mubwezeretse nsombawo kumalo osungira nsomba kapena kusankha nsomba ina yoti muiberekane kuti yamuna isawononge mkazi.
Gurami amayikira mazira mu chisa chokonzedwacho, pambuyo pake wamwamuna amakumana ndi kuteteza ana obwera mtsogolo. Pakadali pano, kupsa mtima konse kwa nsomba kukuwonetsedwa. Caviar ikangasesa, mkaziyo amabwezera m'madzi wamba, ndipo kutentha kwa madzi kumacheperachepera. Pakatha masiku 2-3, mwachangu limawonekera kuchokera ku mazira. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imayenera kuchotsedwa m'malo obisika.
Ana aang'ono amawadyetsa ma ciliates ndi zooplankton; kuyambira milungu itatu amatha kupititsidwa ku chakudya chamtengo chofunikira. Mbadwo wachichepere umapita ku aquarium kawiri pakatha miyezi iwiri. Zaka zakubadwa, azikhala okonzeka kubereka.
Arthur, wowunikira wazinthu zazing'ono za gourami
Inde, anyamatawa ndiovuta kwambiri komanso bizinesi, palibe gawo lalikulu la aquarium lomwe lingasiyidwe popanda chidwi chawo. Anayeza ndikukonzekera kupenda chitsamba chilichonse. Valani nsombayo modekha (nthawi zopitilira 2) chakudya. Dziwani zambiri za ubalewo (koma popanda ndewu, kungolira). Nthawi zambiri ndimabala. Ndizowoneka zokongola kwambiri, zowongoka, komanso zowongoka, ndipo zikakhala ndi vuto, zimakhala zopanda utoto. Mosasamala kwenikweni. Kondani madzi okwanira. Asaka. Mizu yotsogola imadzipangitsa kumva. Ndipo nsomba yaying'ono singathe kukhudzidwa (koma imayikidwa kuti ikhale yoyeseletsadi kapena yosangalatsa), ndiye kuti shrimp imapita kukagula chakudya chamtengo. Ngakhale Amankans achikulire. Ndipo ocheperako pamadzi, momwe mungathere kukwera. M'mavuto ang'onoang'ono opitilira 5, sindikukulangizani. Gulu limawoneka bwino. Zabwino - 15 zokatula m'miyala 60 zodzaza ndi nkhokwe.
Maria, ndemanga ya marble gourami
Ndimawakonda kwambiri banja langa ndi gourami (munthuyu ndi wofiyira ndipo mtsikanayo ndi wabuluu), amalumikizana, nthawi zonse amawoneka, sakhumudwitsa nsomba zina, samakumba dothi, ndizokongoletsa zenizeni zam'madzi otentha omwe ali ndi mbewu zambiri! Zowona, wamwamuna wanga mwa akazi awiri omwe adamufunsawo adasankha buluu, ndikuwombera mutu, ndidamupatsa kuti abwerenso! Chikondi ndichinthu chovuta)))
Nuuk, kuwunika kwa ngale gourami
Nsomba zokongola zokongola. Osakhala aukali, ngakhale pakubzala, nsomba zina zimathamangitsidwa popanda zotsatira za thanzi lawo. Amakhala mosangalala ndi shrimp shrimp, kuchuluka kwa shrimp sikukhudzidwa. Muzicheza bwino ndi magulu amakwalala. Osamaononga mbewuzo. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino amakhala nthawi yayitali - zaka 5-7.
Zoyipa: Amatha kuluma ndevu ndi maso a ampulla. Kungolakalaka chikondwerero. Nsombazo ndizoganiza kwambiri. Anthu oyandikana nawo oyandikana nawo, monga onenepa komanso barba, amatha kuwakhumudwitsa - kuluma ndi zipsepse, ndikulanda chakudya pansi pa mphuno. Komabe, izi sizobwerera, koma gawo. Amasankha za mtundu ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Ndi kudya kosayenera, kusakhazikika kwa magawo amadzi, kuipitsa kwake, amadwala. Mutu wa hexamitosis (matenda abowo). Yang'anirani mosamala anthu omwe apeza ngale, kuti musagule nsomba zodwala.
Muubwana, nsomba izi sizodabwitsa kwambiri, koma akadzakula - ndichinthu! Makamaka amuna: m'mimba ndi ofiira ofiira, ngati kaloti, siliva amabala shimmer, zipsepse zazitali zotseguka. Palibe chithunzi chomwe chingafotokoze izi. Nsomba ndizosangalatsidwa kwambiri, anthu amayesera kuti azimva ndevu zake zamlomovu kudzera galasi. Pamafunika kudya kosiyanasiyana. Palibe zovuta pakukonza kwa katswiri wazam'madzi, koma ndi bwino kutenga nsomba zosavuta mu aquarium yoyamba m'moyo. Nsomba zazikulu, ndikuganiza kuti malita 45 a kuchuluka kwamagwiritsidwe ntchito pa banja ndiochepera. Muwowa yaying'ono, nsomba zimavutika.
Matenda
Nsomba zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira m'thupi, chomwe chimachepera m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Matenda a gourami:
- ichthyophthyroidism - kachilombo ndi zida zoyipa ndi zokongoletsera,
- fin rot - osayang'anira kutentha kwa dziko, mchere wa odwala,
- aeromonosis - vuto la kuchuluka,
- hexamitosis ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Zikuwoneka m'mabvuto a nsomba, zimayamwa ndikugubuduka pamwamba,
- ichthyosporidiosis - matenda opatsirana,
- lymphocystosis ndi matenda ofatsa a parasitic omwe safuna chithandizo,
- ligulosis - chifukwa chodyetsa bwino (daphnia).
Kuchiza kumakhala makamaka ndi maantibayotiki (Kostapur, Bactopur). Pambuyo pa chithandizo, kuchira ndi chakudya chabwino ndikofunikira.
Kufotokozera kwapadera ndi mitundu yayikulu
Kwawo kwa gourami ndizisumbu za Indonesia ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Vietnam. Pansi pazachilengedwe, nsomba zachikulire zimakula mpaka 15c cm, pomwe zimakhala m'madzi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa, kutalika kwake ndi 10-11 cm.
Pazinthu zosangalatsa za nsomba izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa zipsepse zamakinifilimu, zomwe zimasanthula malo omwe azizungulira. Kwa iwo, ndevu izi ndi mtundu wamtundu wa kukhudza, popeza mwachilengedwe amakhala m'madzi ovuta.
Komanso, pazachilendo za gourami, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndizotheka kupuma mumlengalenga wamlengalenga, womwe umadziwika ndi banja lonse labrisinth, lomwe limagwirizananso ndi malo awo achilengedwe. Chifukwa chofowoka mpweya kuchokera pansi, gourami ali ndi chiwalo chapadera - maze.
Musaiwale za gawo ili la banja lansomba la labyrinth. Mukamayenda nthawi yayitali, ayenera kupereka mwayi wokhala mumlengalenga, apo ayi amangokhala osakwanira.
Aquarium imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya gourami. Koma malongosoledwe awo onse ndi gulu lathyathyathya la mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe mwanjira ina amafanana ndi tsamba.
Pazinthu zosangalatsa za nsomba izi, ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti nthawi yakubzala mphamvu zake zowonjezereka zimawonjezereka, mikwingwirima imakhala yowala komanso yowonekera kwambiri, ndipo maso amakhala ofiira.
Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi mtundu. Mwa chachikazi, amakhala wofatsa kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amakhala owala bwino komanso ogwira bwino ntchito.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Nsomba za gourami aquarium ndizamtendere ndipo sizilowa m'mikangano. Koma amatha kuwona nsomba zazing'ono kapena mwachangu ngati chakudya. Mphesa zimayenda modekha komanso osalala. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ina yogwira ntchito ikhoza kuwononga, imangokhalira kusefera. Ngati kuli kotheka, munthu ayenera kupewa kutenganso mitundu yogwira ntchito ngati imeneyi.
Nsomba za Gourami, zikasungidwa, zimafunikira malo. Chifukwa chake Aquarium kwa iwo ayenera kukhala osachepera malita 50. Chiwerengero cha malita amadzi pa nsomba iliyonse ndiyofunika kuti anthu onse azitha kuyenda momasuka. Kuchokera pamwambapa, Aquarium ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro kapena galasi, chifukwa nsomba izi zimadumpha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wokhoza kuwonekera kumbuyo kwa mlengalenga.
Dothi limakonda mtundu wakuda. Ndipo kuunikako kuyenera kukhala kowala mokwanira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti gwero lowunikira lipite pamwamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, Aquarium iyenera kuyikidwa m'njira yoti m'mawa imalandira dzuwa.
Ndi dothi lakuda kwambiri komanso kuwala kowala kumene nsombazi zimapeza mtundu wowala bwino.
Mphesa zimakonda nkhokwe za zomera zam'madzi. Ayenera kuyikidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kusiya malo omasuka kumene nsomba zimatha kusambira momasuka. Ndikofunika kusamalira magulu a zomera zoyenda pansi. Mwa iwo, amuna nthawi zambiri amayamba kumanga zisa.
Mitundu yambiri ya gourami ilibe zofunika zapadera za kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi. Koma ndi chipangizo chowongolera, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti mafunde olimba samapangidwa. M'malo achilengedwe, gourami amakhala m'madzi akadali. Mtunduwu umakonda kuthera nthawi pamtunda wapamwamba kapena wapakati wamadzi. Kuti mukongoletse aquarium ndi gourami, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yosiyanasiyana ndi kutumphuka kokongoletsera.
Mukamasungira gourami mu aquarium, kutentha kwa madzi sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 23 ° C. Madzi amtunduwu samatanthauzira zosowa zapadera pakapangidwe kamadzi. Koma acidity yake iyenera kukhala yopanda mbali kapena acidic pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera pazomwe zili. Komano kamodzi m'masiku a 7-10 gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi am'madzi azisintha.
Akuluakulu amtunduwu amapirira kumenyedwa kwamasabata 1-2 popanda mavuto. Zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe nthawi zonse amachoka kunyumba kwawo kukagwira ntchito kapena bizinesi ina.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa gourami ndi kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 7.
Kusankha oyandikana nawo gourami
Mwambiri, gurus ndi okhala modekha. Koma amuna amtundu wina amakonda kuchita zankhanza. Mwachitsanzo, amuna a ngale gourami nthawi zambiri amakangana pakati pawo.
Akamasungidwa ndi nsomba zamtundu wina, zimakhalamo ndipo sizikangana. Zokha kupatula mitundu yodyera yomwe imatha kudya miseche yokonda mtendere.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yosayenera kwambiri mwa oyandikana nawo:
Kanema: Kugaya gourami
Chiwerengero cha mazira omwe mayiyo amatayika nthawi imodzi chimatha kufikira 2000.
Ku gourami, wamwamuna amayang'anira tsogolo lamtsogolo. Kuyambira pa nthawi yoponya mazira kuti nsomba zocheperako nthawi zambiri sizitenga masiku awiri. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zam'madzi zimakhalira. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zowala, ndipo matenthedwe ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 24-25 ° C. Ngati zinthu sizili bwino ndipo gourami wamphongo amawona kuti ndi zosayenera mwachangu, ndiye kuti angathe kuwononga mazira onse okhathamira. Nthawi yomweyo mwana wamphongo akangoyamba kubwatuka, amawachotsa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawononga mbewu yake.
Infusoria amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mwachangu, omwe amasinthidwa ndi zooplankton akamakula. Nsomba zimafikira msinkhu wakutha msinkhu ndi miyezi 8-10 ya moyo. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, nsomba zazing'ono zimatha kusamutsidwa kale popanda mantha kupita kumalo amadzi wamba.
Gourami mwachangu amadziwika ndi chitukuko chosasinthika, kotero kuti omwe samakula ndi bwino kusiyidwa mumbale ina.
Kusamalira ndi gourami kunyumba
Nsomba sizosankha mu chakudya. Amakhala osangalala. Amadya nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, mphutsi, tizilombo, udzu, algae, ndi zolengedwa zam'munsi. Kudyetsa tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya chouma kumafunikira kusinthidwa kwamoyo ndi ayisikilimu: wopanga ma tubule, ma cyclops, artemia, ndi coret. Chifukwa cha kamwa yaying'ono, gourami samatha kudya zidutswa zazikulu za chakudya. Ndikofunika kupatula chakudya chokhachokha kapena chowundana chochepa kwambiri kapena chikaika pakudya.
Kudyetsa gourami kuyenera kuchitika 2 pa tsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kamodzi masabata angapo ndikofunikira kukonza kuti mutulutse - tsiku lanjala.
Gourami mopirira amapirira kugwidwa ndi njala kwa masiku 5-7. Amatha kuwerengera mapulani ndi nkhono zomwe zimakhala m'madzi.
Malamulo a chisamaliro:
- Malo otambalala amoyo amaphimbidwa ndi galasi lomata kapena chivindikiro. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nsomba isalumphe ndikufa mwangozi. Nthawi yomweyo, kusiya mipata ing'onoing'ono yotsegulira mpweya, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa gur (onani ndime 2).
- Kupezeka kwa mpweya wosanjikiza pakati pa madzi ndi chivindikiro chapamwamba cha chotengera cha nsomba. Izi ndizofunikira kwa nsomba zonse za labyrinth zomwe sizimatha kupuma mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi.
- Kusunga kutentha kwa madzi ndi mpweya pamwamba pake pogwiritsa ntchito thermostat. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi mpweya kumayambitsa matenda kupuma mu nsomba.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa fyuluta kuti muthandizire ndi madzi osachepera.
- Zomera zomwe zimamera kale, mwala womata, miyala ndi mitengo mkati mwa aquarium.
- Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse, kuyeretsa makhoma, galasi la aquarium, nthaka ndi fyuluta.
Kudzaza aquarium, madzi oyimitsidwa osachepera masiku 4, amatengedwa kuchokera ku chlorine, amatengedwa.
Ndikothekanso kuyeretsa madzi ku chlorine ndi zosayera pakutsitsa kwa masiku 4-7 kapena kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumagulitsidwa m'masitolo azitsamba.
Zofunikira zazikulu zamadzi posamalira gourami zimaperekedwa pagome:
Kuchuluka kwa madzi, malita pa nsomba iliyonse | Kutentha kwamadzi, o C | Acidity pH | Zovuta, oh W |
Osachepera 10 - za nsomba 2-4 cm, Osachepera 40 - kwa nsomba 8-10 cm | 25-27 | 6,0-6,8 | Kufikira pa 10 (zofewa komanso zapakatikati) |
Kukula kwa madzi ndi kuwuma kwa madzi kumatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso, omwe amathanso kugula ku malo ogulitsa ziweto.
Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse kuyenera kukhala 20 - 40% ya voliyumu ya aquarium.
Gourami sakonda kuwala kowala. Chifukwa chake, kuunikako kumayatsidwa ndi algae pamwamba pamadzi. Ngati Aquarium wayimirira pazenera, ndibwino kuti dzuwa lowongolera lizigwera m'mawa. Zoyenera dzuwa lowongolera sikuyenera kugwera mu aquarium.
Zomera
Mu aquarium yokhala ndi gourami, mbewu zamagulu amoyo zimakhala zokhazikika: anubias, elodea, cryptocoryne. Mu algae akuyandama pamwamba pamadzi (pistia, richchia, Hornwort), amuna amakonzekeretsa zisa za obwera pambuyo pake. Zomera zomwezi zimateteza nsomba ku kuwala kowala.
Pomaliza
Aquarium yopangidwa bwino kwa gourami imakhala chokongoletsera chenicheni cha chipinda chanu kapena holo. Mwayi wosakayikitsa pa chisankho ichi ndi kuphweka kosamalira nsomba zomwe sizimadwala, ndipo zomwe amachita zimakondanso chimodzimodzi kwa alendo ndi abale anu. Simungadandaule za nsomba, ngakhale mutachoka kwa sabata - amapirira mosavuta zovuta zoterezi zomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa!
Nursing Gourami Care
Zosasangalatsa kwambiri pazosunga ndi kubereka zimatengedwa kuti ndi njira zopangira ulusi. Mtunduwu wachilengedwe uli ndi mitundu inayi: ngale, luntha, njoka ndi mawanga. Mitundu yotsala yamtunduwu imaberekedwa modabwitsa: golide, ndimu, nsangalabwi, buluu.
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mtunduwu ndi zipsepse zam'mimba zosinthidwa ngati masharubu. Izi nsomba zowola pang'onopang'ono zimakhala m'malo owumbidwa kwa zaka 5-7. Amtendere. Nthawi yakuswana, anyani amphongo amatha kumenya mkazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kuwasunga awiriawiri, kapena amuna, akazi angapo, wamwamuna mmodzi wamkazi.
Oyenera oyamba asodzi am'madzi oyambira nsomba.
Chifukwa chosawoneka bwino m'madzi am'madzi, zipsepse zamkati mwa gourami chonyamulira chasinthana ndere kukhala masharubu, zomwe zimagwira ngati gawo lawo lokhudza.
Chocolate Goura Care
Chocolate ndizovuta kuzinthu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda komanso tiziromboti pakhungu. Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi mulingo wamadzi ofunda, ofunda pafupifupi masentimita 20. Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana 24-30, ndi pH - 5-7. Nsombazi ndizokonda mthunzi, zimabisala m'thengo zowonda, zimadya chakudya chokhazikika, chomwe chimafuna kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi. Oyambitsa osavomerezeka.
Colise Care
Mtundu uli ndi mitundu inayi: coliz coliped, lyabiosis, lalius, uchi gourami. Nsomba zowoneka bwino, zazing'ono komanso zazitali. Ndikwabwino kuzisunga mu gulu la zidutswa za 8-10. Zosavomerezeka m'malo okhala: kutentha kwa madzi 21-25 ° C, acidity - 6-7.5, shading, algae zambiri, amtendere amtendere. Zoyenera kubereka oyambira nsomba oyamba.
Chithandizo
Ikani nsomba mumadzi oyera ndi pH ya 7.5-8.0 mpaka zizindikirike.
Acidosis
Zizindikiro
Nsomba zimasambira mosasangalatsa m'mabwalo, kufunafuna pobisalira, zotchinga zoyera.
Chithandizo
Kuchepetsa acidity yamadzi mu aquarium.
Ngale ya Gourami
Chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri za banja la gourami-threadbare. Kukula kwapakatikati. Khalidwe lake ndilodekha, laubwenzi. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa siliva-violet wokhala ndi mawanga a ngale. Panthawi yophukira, mamba amakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira.
Chocolate gourami
Kuchokera pamtundu wa Spherichtis. Kukula kakang'ono. Kutalika - zosaposa masentimita 7. Mtundu - bulauni ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka. Wokonda kutentha, amakonda malo, ndi wokonda kutuluka. Amakonda chakudya chokhala ndi madzi oundana.
Gourami akung'ung'udza
Kuchokera pa fuko laling'ono. Kutalika - zosaposa masentimita 7. Thupi limakhala lagolide lomwe limasefukira. Amasunthika, amtendere, owopsa. Nthawi yamasewera a chibwenzi imamveka zaphokoso.
Ngati mukufuna kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo, siyani ndemanga pansi pa nkhaniyi, yolembedwa "Mayankho", kuwonetsa dzina lanu, zaka komanso mzinda womwe mukukhalamo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza kwa gourami mu aquarium
Zilombo zoterezi ndi zoyenera poyambira amadzi am'madzi. Chisamaliro cha Goura Sizovuta, ndipo ndi odzikuza, motero otchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda nyama.
Ndi amanyazi, osakwiya komanso amanyazi. Ndi ufulu kusunga nsomba za gourami mawonekedwe awo ayenera kuganiziridwa. Amatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa maola angapo, koma sangathe popanda mpweya. Chifukwa chake amayenera kusungidwa mu chotengera chotseguka.
Mchenga, komabe, amafunikira kwambiri madzi okhala ndi mpweya, chifukwa ziwalo zakubala zimayamba mkati mwake pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu kuyambira pomwe pobadwa. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kunyamula nsomba m'matumba apulasitiki, amawotcha njira yopumira. Amakonda madzi firiji, koma amatha kuzolowera komanso kulekerera kusamvana.
Kungakhale lingaliro labwino kubzala algae mu aquarium, mumthunzi womwe nsomba izi zimakonda kusambira, zimakonda malo okhala ndi malo okhala ambiri. Dothi likhoza kukhala lirilonse, koma pazifukwa za aesthetics ndibwino kuti mutenge lina lakuda, kuti nsomba zowala zizioneka zopindulitsa kwambiri poyambira.
Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Kuyembekezera Moyo
Aquarium nsomba gourami idyani zakudya zonse zoyenera nsomba, kuphatikiza zoyeserera ndi mazira. Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana komanso koyenera, kuphatikiza zonse zakudya zabwino ndi chakudya chouma, zosakaniza zamasamba ndi mapuloteni. Monga chakudya chouma, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe kampani "Tetra" imadziwika, ndizosiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera pazovomerezeka zomwe zilipo pali zitsanzo za chakudya cha mwachangu komanso zotetezedwa zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wa nsomba. Pogula zinthu ngati izi, ndikofunikira kuganizira tsiku lotha ntchito. Muyenera kuzisunga pamalo otsekedwa, ndipo ndibwino kuti musagule chakudya cholemetsa. Gourami Idyani tizilombo komanso kukonda kudya zipatso zawo.
Amatha kupatsidwa chakudya chilichonse chokhala ngati ma flakes, ndikuwonjezera zakudya zamtunduwu ndi artemia, mawwgazi, ma corveette. Gourami amalakalaka chakudya, koma sayenera kumwa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri nsomba zimayamba kunenepa. Njira yolondola kwambiri ndi kuwadyetsa osaposa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku. Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 4-5. Koma mu aquarium, ngati mwiniwake azichita zonse bwino ndikusamalira ziweto zake, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Zambiri
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'madzi, ndi oimira labelinth omwe amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa ziweto zoyambirira zomwe zimakhala m'madzi osungira nyama. Chodabwitsa cha nsomba izi ndi kukhalapo kwa chinthu chapadera, chifukwa chomwe nsomba zimatha kupumira mpweya. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene ulimi wa aquarium udayamba kupanga, ma compressor analibe, chifukwa chake eni ake anali otangwanidwa ndi nsomba zapa labyrinth, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kunyamula nestle nestle.
Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha ku Javanese, dzina la gourami lamasulidwe limamasulira kuti "nsomba yotulutsa mphuno mwake m'madzi." Kutanthauziraku kumawunikira mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la phenotypes, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa labu yamoyo mwa nsomba. Gawo lachiwiri ndi zipsepse zosinthidwa, zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala zoonda zazitali, zazitali, motero nsombazo zimayamba kudziwika kuti fibbear gourami. Kusinthako sikunali kwangozi - zipsepse zamanyazi zimalowetsa kukhudza nsomba, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe ziweto zake zimayenda modekha m'madzi amatope.
Mawonekedwe
Pafupifupi ma gourami onse ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimakutidwa kukafika mpaka 10-15 masentimita. Komabe, pali mitundu yayikulu - yamakina ndi yamalonda, yomwe matupi awo ndi 25 cm ndi 100. Maonekedwe okopa ndi mayendedwe okoma anapatsa gourami kutchuka kwachilendo. Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
- Thupi limakwezedwa, kusungunuka m'mbali.
- Finral fin imachokera pakati pa tummy ndipo imakulikira kumchira.
- Zipsepse zamtundu wa pectoral ndizakujambula, zofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo zimatha kusinthanso.
- Malipiro a dorsal amasiyana malinga ndi jenda: Amuna amakhala amtali komanso owala, mwa akazi amakhala ozungulira.
Chosangalatsa: Zakudya zam'madzi zamitundu yamitundu ndizodziwika ku Asia.
Mbiri yakale
Munjira yosangalatsa ngati gourami, dziko lansombalo limapezeka m'madzi otentha a Thailand, Vietnam ndi Malaysia, komwe oimira amtundu woyenda mwamtendere amapulumuka modekha m'malo osayenera:
- Mbiya zamvula.
- Minda yampunga.
- Maenje ndi maenje odzazidwa ndi madzi amvula.
Achidwi ndi nsomba zomwe zidatsala, anthu adayesa kunyamula nthumwi zochokera kumayiko ena, koma adalephera. Olimba mtima komanso osanyalanyaza zinthu zomwe zidawonongeka pamsewu, motero nsomba zinangosiyidwa zokha. Ndipo patatha zaka makumi angapo, ofufuza ndi akatswiri azam'madzi adazindikira chifukwa cha anthu omwe afa - nsomba zimamwalira chifukwa chosowa mpweya. Panthawiyo, mtundu wa anthu sunadziwebe za kapangidwe kapadera ka nsomba zam'madzi, motero zotengera zomwe zimatumizidwa zimadzazidwa mpaka kumadzi ndi kutsekeka mwamphamvu, ndipo nyama zosauka zinali zikukwana. Kuyendetsa bwino nsomba koyamba kunachitika mu 1896 - mu mbiya yodzazidwa mpaka 2/3.
Kugawa ndi kuswana kwa gourami ngati munthu wokhala m'madzi kumalumikizana mwamphamvu ndi dzina la Pierre Carbonier, yemwe adagwira nawo ntchito yoyendetsa nsomba. A. S. Meshchersky, wokonda kuzama kwamadzi ndi anthu okhala mmadzi, adabweretsa mtunduwu ku Russia. Komanso, Paul Matte ndi V. M. Desnitsky anathandizira pa mbiri ya nsomba.
Gurami ndi nsomba yaku aquarium yomwe imakondedwa ndi amadzi am'madzi chifukwa chamtendere, chosasamala komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya gourami imasiyana aliyense kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake, ndipo ilipo yambiri, koma mitundu ina yokha ndiyooyenera kutchuka mu aquarium.
Ngale
Pearl zosiyanasiyana - nsomba zokongola zomwe zadzipangira dzina losamveka bwino chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wabwino kwambiri. Utoto wamiyala ya oimira ngale ndi siliva, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a lilac ndi violet, kumbuyo kwake ndi bulauni la mandimu, zipsepse ndi mbali zamtambo. Zowunikira zili pamtundu wa phenotype, ngati kubalalika kwa ngale. Kutalika kwake, nsomba za ngale sizidutsa 10 cm, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso mwaubwenzi.
Chochititsa chidwi: kunyumba, oimira ngale adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Lunar
M'dziko lapa gourami, kumeta nsomba kumapangidwa kuphika mbale kapena kugwira. Kutalika kwa mwezi kwa gourami mu aquarium ndi 10-12 masentimita, komabe, m'malo azachilengedwe, nsomba zimakula mpaka 18 cm.
Chowoneka mosiyanitsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwezi ndi miyeso yaying'ono, ndi maso ofiira ofiira. Thupi limachita imvi ndi utoto wowonekera. Gourami wachikazi wowoneka bwino amakhala ndi utoto wocheperako kuposa amuna amtundu womwewo. Kutalika kwa moyo wam'madzi kunyumba ndi zaka 7.
Adzakhala owala
Chifukwa cha undotishing phenotype, kukonza ndi kusamalira gourami wowona sikungayambitse zovuta zilizonse ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene m'munda wa aquarium. Mu thanki yakunyumba, kutalika kwa nsomba zamtunduwo kumafikira 10cm, mtundu wa thupi ndi wamtambo, kapena safiro wopepuka wokhala ndi timadontho ndi mikwapulo.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: kuthengo, nyama zamtchire zimadyedwa ndi nyama, kugwetsa tizilomboto ndi madzi.
Wagolide
Gourami wa golide sangapezeke kuthengo, chifukwa mitunduyi imakhala chifukwa cha kuyeserera kwa obereketsa. Oimira amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kupirira, kusuntha, kusalemekezedwa pankhani ya zakudya komanso kukonza komanso mtundu wagolide. Thupi la nsombayo ndimtambo wagolide, malo amdima amapezeka kumbuyo kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunduwu ukhale wokongola kwambiri m'maso mwa omwe ali ndi nsomba.
Marble
Marble gourami ndi nsomba zokongola komanso zamkati zomwe mtundu wake umafanana ndi mwala wamwala. Oyimira amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi - mpaka 15 cm, ndipo pakati pa abale amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamwano. Posankha oyandikana nawo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya marble, kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina kuyenera kuganiziridwanso.
Kukula
Nsomba zopukutira ndi mtundu wachilendo wa phenotype womwe wapeza kutchuka chifukwa chokhoza kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana ngati achule. Mtundu wa nsombayi ndi chikasu cha chikasu, thupi limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, ndipo maso ndi ofiira kapena a lalanje. Kutalika, oimira amakula mpaka 6-8 cm.
Zosiyanasiyana zokongola - ma phenotypes odekha komanso ochezeka, ngakhale abambo ali ndi njira zomwe zimawoneka ngati zonunkhira zomwe zimakongoletsa mchira.
Wokondedwa
Mtundu wa uchi, kapena mtundu wa maluwa okongola, ndi nsomba yosasangalatsa yomwe yapanga chikondi cha asodzi am'madzi chifukwa chosakongola komanso chosangalatsa. Mitundu ya phenotype imafika mpaka 6 masentimita, pomwe zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa uchi wa gourami wamwamuna, ndipo mitundu ya oimira akazi kapena amuna ndionso osiyana.Khalidwe lake ndi lamanyazi komanso lamanyazi, ndipo ngati mapilowo apsinjika, mtundu wa nsomba umasinthika.
Kupsopsona
Zosiyanasiyana zidapatsidwa dzina losazolowereka chifukwa cha chizolowezi chachilendo chazisomba: akakumana, ziwetozo zimawuma kenako ndikukhudza pakamwa pawo. Izi zimafanana kwambiri ndi kupsompsona kwa okwatirana mchikondi, chifukwa chake nsombayo idatchedwa dzina.
Kupsompsona nsomba mosasamala pokonza, amakula mpaka 15 cm. Mitundu imachita imvi kapena yapinki; yotsirizayi ikufunika kwambiri. Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amasangalatsidwa ndi ma kiss angati omwe amakhala ndi ma gour - nthawi yayitali ndi zaka 6-8.
- Acidity - 6-6.8 pH.
- Kutentha kwamadzi kwa gourami ndi 25-28C.
- Kuuma - mpaka 10 dH.
Magawo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa kuti asayambitse kufalikira kwa matenda ndi gourami.
Chosungira choyikiracho chimayenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro, kusiya malo opanda kanthu pakati pake ndi malo amadzi, fyuluta ndi compressor. Zomera zimabzalidwa amoyo, kuti nsomba zimasangalatsidwa komanso kutetezedwa, ndipo zimatha kubisala munyengo zamiyala. Dothi limasankhidwa mu mitundu yakuda, ndipo kuunikako kumakhala kwakukulu, komwe kumatsindika mtundu wa ziweto.
Kusamalira nsomba kumaphatikizapo kuwunikira sabata iliyonse 30% yama voliyumu, kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa posungira, siphon gawo lapansi.
Kudyetsa
Popeza apeza nsomba zokongola, ma aquvist am'madzi atayika posowa kudya momwe angadyetsere gourami. Monga momwe zilili, zomwe amadya gourami ndi osazindikira, motero, ali osangalala kudya zakudya zotsatirazi:
- Zakudya zouma.
- Zakudya zamasamba.
- Chakudya chamoyo: daphnia, machubu, nyongolotsi zamwazi.
Chachikulu ndikuti zakudya ndizoyenera, ndipo ngati zakonzedwa ndi gourami, ndiye kuti gawo lina la chakudya chokwanira limawonjezeka. Kudyetsa kumachitika kawiri pa tsiku, kupatsa magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nsomba izi zimatha kupirira kumenyedwe kwamasiku asanu popanda zotsatira zake.