Polypterus senegalese (Polypterus senegalus) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimachokera ku banja la nthenga zambiri. Omwe amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ndi nthenga zambiri, khungu la imvi, chinjoka, Cuvier polypter. Kunja, oimilira a nyama zapansi pamadzi izi amawoneka kwambiri ngati njoka kapena eel, ndipo zipsepse zambiri za dorsal (chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira ma PC 18) zimaliza kufanana ndi chinjoka cha China. Nsomba zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo komanso mawonekedwe okongola a siliva, ndipo Senegalese polytherus, albino, imapezekanso.
Nsomba zam'madzi zam'chilengedwechi zimakhala ndi kukula kwabwino - 70 cm ndipo zimapezeka m'madzi abwino aku Africa. Mu aquarium, polyopter imakhala ndi kukula kocheperako, kameneka kopitilira masentimita 30. Makulidwe a 40 cm mu aquarium ndi osowa kwambiri.
Ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino za madzi am'madzi okha omwe amatha kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna wa Senegalese polyopterus. Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino ndizozimuna zachimuna, zomwe zimamera nthawi yayitali, ndipo mkazi amakhala ndi mutu wambiri komanso wowonda thupi lonse. Sizotheka kusiyanitsa kugonana kwa nyama zazing'ono.
Mnogoper ndi chiwindi chachitali, mu aquarium pansi pazabwino, nthawi yake yamoyo ikhoza kukhala zaka 10.
Zochitika
Kufuna kupeza chiweto chotere, 
monga chinjoka cha Senegal, choyamba onetsetsani kuti zofunikira zonse zakwaniritsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti zowerengera ndizosadzinyenga komanso osasankha. Izi zitha kuonedwa ngati zowona pokhapokha ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazikuluzikulu komanso zowoneka bwino za m'madzi.
Choyambirira kusamalira musanagule chinjoka nsomba ndi malo okumbikakumbika. Zilibe kanthu kuti ndiwokweza kapena wotsika, danga lamkati ndilofunikira. Kuchuluka kwama aquarium kwa ma polypteruse awiri ndi malita 120, ngati mitundu ina ya nsomba za aquarium ilipo mu tanki, voliyumu imakwera mpaka malita 300 kapena kupitirira apo.
Ubwino wamadzi ndikofunikira, gawo lalikulu ndi kutentha, chizindikiro chocheperako ndi 25 ° C, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 30-33 ° C. Pa kutentha kwambiri, kupsa mtima kwa mitunduyo kumatha kuchuluka. Kuuma komanso acidity ndikosafunikira kwenikweni komanso m'malo mwake - dH - 4-18, pH -6-7.5. Kusintha kwa sabata kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a bukuli kumafunikira ngakhale ndi fyuluta yabwino.
Makhalidwe achilengedwe am'madzi momwe a polytherus amakhala ndi fyuluta yamphamvu, chowongolera chopitilira ndi chivindikiro. Potere, pansi pa chivundikirocho payenera kukhala danga lopanda madzi ndi malo ocheperako kuti mpweya ulowemo. Popanda mpweya wa mlengalenga, wambiri sangakhale ndi moyo kuposa maola angapo.
Nsomba iyi imatsogolera usiku wogwira, chifukwa chake kuunikaku kuyenera kusinthidwa.
Chinjoka cha Senegal sichimawopa mbewu, sizichita nawo chidwi. Komabe ndikulimbikitsidwa kuzikonza pansi kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kukokedwa mwangozi pomwe nsomba ikubisala kapena ikusuntha mwachangu.
Mwa malo okongola, malo okhala amafunikira, ochepa malo, okhoza kupha nsomba yayikulu. Momwe maphoto ndi miphika yambiri adzakhalire, ndibwino.
Kudyetsa
Kudyetsa polyene wa Senegal kumafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Nsomba imalandira chakudya chouma chokha, koma kuchidyetsa sichikulimbikitsidwa. Pali malingaliro ambiri, chachikulu ndichakuti nthawi yake yochepetsetsa imachepetsedwa, koma zosavuta - amafa ndi chakudya chotere popanda zifukwa zomveka.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa nsomba za chinjoka ndi chakudya chamoyo - ma cellworms, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nsapato za peeled, nyama yokazinga, nsomba yaying'ono. Kudyetsa kumachitika tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse. Ngati kuli kofunikira, amaloledwa kudyetsa kawiri patsiku ndikuchepetsa kofanana mu servings. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera masiku anjala kapena akusala, apo ayi ma polytherus ayamba kuyang'ana oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi chidwi cha gastronomic. Ndipo ngati ali ndi ludzu kwambiri, ndiye kuti musamangoyang'anira, komanso muziyesetsa kudya. Komanso, potere, nsomba zoyandikana sizipulumutsidwa ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Ndemanga za kapangidwe ka Senegalese polyopterus ndi nsomba zina zimasakanizidwa. Nsomba iyi imakhala ndi yake, ndipo imasiyana aliyense payekhapayekha. Mwa zina, amapezeka ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yaying'ono. Mwa ena, imazunza mwankhaza nsomba zofanana.
Lamulo lalikulu mukabzala oyandikana ndi ma polypterus ndikuti pakhale malo ambiri mu malo am'madzi kuti mupewe chiwonetsero chazigawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaloweka mkamwa mwa chinjoka cha Senegal ndi bwino kusiyidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pazifukwa zomwezi, mwachangu a nsomba zam'madzi zilizonse sizikhala nthawi yayitali.
Monga oyandikana ndi opera yosiyanasiyana, munthu akhoza kulimbikitsa ma macropod, ma cichlids akuluakulu, zakuthambo, ndi nsomba zina zomwe ndi zazikulu kukula komanso zotha kusintha zina.
Kuswana
Senegalese polytherus nsomba imatha kudyedwa movutikira kwambiri, kunyumba woyambira sangathane ndi ntchito yofananira. Kuphatikiza pa kuswana, opanga ayenera kufika 30 cm, amapanga okha payokha ndikuyika mazira pamtunda womwe ndiwosavuta kuchotsa mu aquarium kuti makolo asawadye, kuwunika mosamala ndi chisamaliro kumafunikira mazira ndi mwachangu m'masabata angapo oyamba amoyo.
Ngati munakwanitsa kupeza cotear ya multiopera (kutulutsa kwake kumachitika pakati pa chilimwe ndikupitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira), iyenera kuyikidwa mu thanki yamadzi ndi fayilo yabwino.
Momwe zimakhwima ndi mphutsi zimawonekera (kuyambira masiku 4 mpaka sabata) mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi ochepa (5-10%) pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Sabata inanso adzafunikira ana kuti asanduke kudzidulira, omwe amatha kudyetsedwa ndi Artemia nauplii. Pambuyo pakudya iliyonse, siphon yovomerezeka ndi kusintha kwa madzi.
Mpaka mwachangu itakwana 5 cm, ayenera kukhala yolimba nthawi zonse kuti kupewa cannibalism. Nthawi yonseyi ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa madzi ndi mpweya wabwino. Atakwanitsa kukula, makanda amatha kudya ndi kupuma mlengalenga, ndipo chisamaliro chawo chimafunikira chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri.
Poona zovuta zovuta za kubereka, nthawi zambiri m'masitolo mumatha kuwona ogula akunja ochulukitsidwa ali ndi chilengedwe.
Mawonekedwe
Polypterus wa ku Senegalese, ali nthenga zazing'onoting'ono, ndi nsomba yodabwitsa yomwe maonekedwe ake imakumbukira zakumbuyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Chinjoka.
Wochulukitsa torso amafanana ndi eel kapena moray eel. Kutalika kwake ngakhale atakhala mu ukapolo wa aquarium kumatha kufika masentimita 45, pomwe mwachilengedwe kumakula mpaka masentimita 65-75. Thupi lonse kuchokera pakapukutira mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira limatetezedwa ndi miyeso yayikulu yakuda. Imakhala ndi imvi ndipo imakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira, kutembenukira kumapeto kwa dorsal kukhala utoto wa azitona, komanso pamimba pazoyera koyera. Achichepere amakongoletsedwa ndi mizere yakuda yayitali yomwe imatha ndi zaka.
Pafupifupi kumbuyo konse kuli chokongoletsera choyambirira chonga mano a dzanja. M'malo mwake, awa ndi zipsepse zazifupi zazifupi zomwe zimapangidwa imodzi motsatizana. Chiwerengero chawo chonse chimatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 19. Chovala cha oval caudal ndichinthu china chokongoletsera chapamwamba kwambiri. Pafupi ndi mutu pali zipsepse zamanyazi, zofanana ndi maudzu. Zipse za anal ndi zamkati zimapezeka pafupi ndi mchira.
Polypterus ali ndi mano opangidwa bwino, zomwe sizachilengedwe kwa nyama yolusa. Ngakhale kuti maso ndi okulirapo, kuwona bwino sikupangika. Kusowa uku kumalipidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Pakati pa polypteruses, ma alubino nthawi zina amapezeka. Amasiyana ndi nsomba wamba mu mtundu woyera wa thupi ndi zipsepse. Mwana wamaso a albino amatha kukhala ofiira kapena wakuda.
Subspecies, kuswana ndi mitundu ya hybrid kulibe.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Chinjoka chathu pachachilengedwe amakhala kumayiko aku Africa. Imatha kupezeka m'mitsinje yayikulu monga Congo ndi White Nile, komanso kunyanja za Chad, Turkan, Albert. Nsomba iyi imakhala m'madzi amadzi oyera.
Amakonda kukhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe amabisala m'nkhalango zamasamba ndi zina zadothi pansi. Sakonda mafunde apansi mwamphamvu.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Mnogoper amatanthauza nsomba zopanda chiyembekezo, zosavuta kukonza. Komabe, kukula kwake kumafunikira malo okhala ndi malo ambiri am'madzi, ndipo momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi momwe amafunikira pamafunika zina kuti zikwaniritse.
Zofunika! Chinjokacho ndi cholengedwa chopumira kawiri. Amapuma mothandizidwa ndi chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo, chifukwa chomwe amatha popanda madzi kwa maola angapo. Komabe, amafunika nthawi zonse kuti azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, apo ayi nsomba zimangofa.
Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kuyika malo okhala, momwe ma polytherus amakonda kubisala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yayikulu ikuluikulu, dothi loterera, mapoto owuma.
Magawo amadzi. Kutentha ndi osachepera 23 °, malire apamwamba ndi 37 °. Kuuma sikuyenera kupitirira 17-18, madzi ofewa kwambiri ndi zovomerezeka. PH - mkati mwa 6-7.
Kukula kwa aquarium. Polypterus ndi nsomba yapansi-pansi, motero safunikira nyanja yapamwamba. Pofunika kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa voliyumu - 200 l kwa munthu wamkulu m'modzi. Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba kuti nthenga zambiri zisathawe.
Kudulira. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zodyeramo zachilengedwe zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi matope komanso dothi. Mukasungidwa mu aquarium, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka iliyonse yomwe ilipo. Mchenga, timiyala tating'ono, ndi miyala yabwino kwambiri yochita kupanga.
Zomera. Samayimira chidwi chilichonse ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa, choncho sizitengera chidwi choti ikamatenge. Mutha kuyika mbeu iliyonse m'madzimo, koma ndibwino kuti musankhe yomwe ili ndi mizu yayitali komanso yayitali. Polyperusyo imatha kutulutsa kadzala ndi mizu yaying'ono, kukumba pansi.
Kuwala. Chinjokacho chimagwira usiku, motero sichifunikira kuwunikira kowoneka bwino mu aquarium. Masana, mutha kuyisunga nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo madzulo muziyatsa nyali zowala ndi kuwala kwamtambo.
M'badwo. Kuti ma polytherus azimva bwino, ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa ma aquarium ndi compressor yamphamvu yopopera mpweya. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma microcompressor angapo.
Kusefedwa. Mnogoper amangokhala m'madzi oyera, motero kuyika fayilo yabwino ndikofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupukusa pansi ndikusintha madzi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mlungu uliwonse.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Polypterus sikuti amangokhala nyama zokha, komanso nsomba za kumtunda. Amateteza mwamphamvu malo omwe amakhala, kumenyana ndi mlendo aliyense osadziwika. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga nthenga zophatikizira zingapo m'madzimo amodzi, apo ayi nkhondoyi ipitirirabe.
CHIYAMBI! Achichepere amatha kukhala limodzi mpaka kutha.
Polypterus imakhala pamodzi ndi zirombo zina zazikulu zomwe sizimayerekeza gawo lake. Pakukhala limodzi, nsomba zomwe kutalika kwake ndikoyenera wofanana ndi theka kutalika kwa thupi la nthenga zambiri. Adzayesa kudya anansi ang'ono.
Nsomba zogwirizana:
- mabatani akuluakulu
- ma cichlids osakhala a malo
- zakuthambo
- labyrinth nsomba
- Akara
- mutu
- nsomba gulugufe
- chimphona chachikulu
- synodontis
- apertonotuses
- macropods
- mipeni ya nsomba.
Nsomba zosagwirizana:
- kunyamula mphaka
- nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse.
Matenda
Polypterus Senegalese chifukwa chokana kwambiri sichitha kutenga matenda. Amangodwaladwala ndikuphwanya zikhalidwe zomwe amangidwa.
Mukachulukitsa nthenga zanu pafupipafupi, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha. Amawonetsedwa ndi mphwayi ndi kufowoka koonekeratu. Thupi limatupa pamimba. Mu nsomba zotere, metabolism imalephera, impso ndi chiwindi zimasiya kugwira ntchito moyenera. Popanda kuthandizira, nsomba imatha kufa.
Kuti muchiritse matendawo, muyenera kudya kwambiri. M'pofunika kudyetsa zilombo zosaposa nthawi ziwiri mu masiku 7-8 musanadye mafuta osakhala mafuta ngati magazi.
Polypterus akhoza kuukiridwa limagwira tiziromboti. Nsomba zimayamba kutsamira, nthawi zambiri zimakwera mpaka kupumira. Amakhala woopsa komanso wopanda ntchito, amasiya kuchita chidwi ndi chidwi ndi zachilengedwe. Pamutu mutha kuwona nyongolotsi.
Mankhwala, mankhwala a malachite, formalin, methylene buluu, chlorophos, akusirin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati fyuluta ndi yofooka kapena yosatsukidwa kawirikawiri mu aquarium, polypterus imatha poyizoni wa ammonia. Zilonda zawo zimasanduka zofiirira, nyama zolusa zimayesa kutumphuka m'madzi, kumangokhala pansi, osakana kudya.
Pamaso pa zizindikirozi, kuyeretsa kwamadzi mwachangu kumafunikira. Madzi amayenera kulowedwa ndi gawo lachitatu, kupukuta kwathunthu pansi ndikuyeretsa fyuluta. Panthawi yokolola, sinthani nsomba kupita kumalo am'madzi osakhalitsa ndi madzi oyera.
Kuswana
Kubala nyengo limapezeka mu Julayi ndipo limatha mpaka Okutobala. Nsomba zomwe zayamba kutalika masentimita 29 mpaka 32 zimatha kutuluka. Amasambira awiriawiri, akamagwira torso nthawi zonse, amphongo amaluma zitseko za mtsikanayo pang'ono. Pakadali pano, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika pansi Javanese moss, pomwe awiriwo adzaikira mazira.
Chotuluka
Mazira oikidwa mu aquarium wokula amafunikira kutulutsa bwino kwambiri komanso kusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse. Pambuyo masiku 3-4, mwachangu kusiya mazira. Sabata yoyamba amadya kuchokera ku ma yolk, kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu amafunika kupatsidwa artemia nauplii.
Zofunika! Ngati mazira sachotsedwa kwa makolo, mwina angawadye mwachangu kwambiri.
Pambuyo pakudya iliyonse, siphon yofunikira imafunika, ndipo samalani kwambiri kuti musavulaze.
Tsiku lililonse muyenera kusankhira ziweto zanu, kudzala zomwe ndizokulirapo kuposa zina zonse. Kupanda kutero, adzaluma mabataniwo kwa nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimachititsa kuti afe.
Pamene mwachangu ndi wa 5-6 masentimita, kusamalira iwo kungakhale kosavuta.. Popeza amadziwa kale komwe kumeza, kumeza mpweya, madzi amatha kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kulowetsa sikumafunikanso, mutha kusungitsa gulu lonse pamodzi ndikudyetsa chakudya chilichonse.
