I. Khitrov Moscow
Mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwazinyama zatsopano zomwe zawoneka mdziko lathu, kutali ndi malo omaliza okhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akamba am'madzi. Koma ngakhale kutchuka kwa izi zokwawa, ochepa angadzitamande chifukwa cha kupambana kwawo, komanso makamaka akasinja, akasinja okhala. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa akamba, omwe amafunikira mizere yayikulu.
Tsopano kamba ang'onoang'ono a petto awonekera m'masitolo a ziweto, amadziwika ndi kukonza kosavuta. Mtundu wawo ndi wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira. Gulitsani pansi pa dzina la "yellow-eared". M'malo mwake, ndi nthumwi zamitundu iwiri yaku North America - Graptemys nigrinoda ndi G. pseudogeographica. Yoyamba idagwa m'thumba la zinyama, mwachiwonekere mwangozi. Akamba amtundu wachiwiri adabweretsa mazana angapo. Zidzakambidwa.
Oimira mtundu wamtundu wa Humpback turtles (Graptemys) afala ku North America. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, pali pilospin, kapena Mississippian, ufulu (G. pseudogeographica). Mtunduwu umakhala ma biotopu osiyanasiyana - kuchokera kugombe la Mississippi kupita ku matope osaya a matope. Mapulasitiki oterewa amakopeka kwambiri ndi ma terrarimers.
Zithunzi pilospin
Pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, amuna amafika masentimita 15, akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono, mu ukapolo, onse ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Mtundu waukulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya imvi, bulauni ndi maolivi. Boti lofiirira limadutsa pakati pamsana, makamaka mwa nyama zazing'ono. Mutu, khosi ndi miyendo zimakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Malo owala achikasu ali kumbuyo kwa maso. Asitikali atatu apamwamba pamtondo wamagalimoto ali ndi zotchingira mawonekedwe a kaching'ono kakang'ono pafupifupi kakale. Chishango chilichonse chimakongoletsedwa ndi ndondomeko yamdima yovuta.
Wowona Turtle - olimbana nawo. Nthawi yambiri yomwe amakhala m'madzi posaka chakudya, ngakhale iwo, monga akamba ena ambiri, amafunikira nthawi zina kuwawira kumtunda. Mwachilengedwe, chakudya chake chachikulu ndi amphibians, nsomba, tizilombo, ma mollusks ndi masamba pang'ono.
Pakusungira akambuku mu ukapolo, muyenera malo am'madzi kapena aquarium wokhala ndi "chilumba". Mulingo wamadzi ukhoza kukhala [geboliyim (10-15 centimeter), ndipo malowo - okwanira kusambira kwaulere. Dothi - lirilonse, koma pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ikuluikulu kapena miyala yoyaka, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga wabwino, womwe umameza nthawi ndi nthawi. Mitundu ya kutentha ndi 15-32 ° C, kwa nyama zosakwanitsa zaka 22-31 ° C. Pamwamba pa "chilumbacho" ndikofunikira kulimbitsa nyali ya incandescent, pomwe kutentha kumatha kufika 3540 ° C (potentha kwawoku).
Zithunzi pilospin
Kudyetsa sikovuta kwenikweni. Akamba amasangalala kudya zidutswa za nyama, nsomba, komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi, nsomba za nkhono, chakudya chochita kupanga. Koma ndi zakudya zilizonse, kuti muchepetse kufewetsa thupi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi calcium. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa ana, nyama zomwe zikukula mwachangu. Chakudyacho chimawonjezeranso duckweed, richchia, masamba ang'onoang'ono a letesi kapena dandelion. Ngati ndi kotheka, akamba ayenera kuthiridwa ndi nyali ya quartz, makamaka pokonzekera kuswana.
Mu terarium masamba a sawpin kuswana nthawi zonse, kuyikira mazira atatu "pagombe" kapena mwachindunji m'madzi. Ayenera kusamutsidwira ku chofungatira, komwe akhungu ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi masentimita 4 amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 22-25 ° C pambuyo pa masiku 53- 55. Amawoneka owoneka bwino kuposa achikulire, okhala ndi carapace yochulukirapo ndipo samatha kutuluka m'madzi.
Wowona Turtle - Maonero olimbikitsa kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ku terrarium omwe ali ndi maphunziro apakati. Tikukhulupirira kuti nyama yokongola iyi idzakhala ndi okondwerera.
Mluzu waku Malaika wokhotakhota (Malawian Notochelys platynota)
Uthenga aniwur »Feb 16, 2019 9:25 AM
Dzinalo (rus): Wamba wamtundu wotchedwa Malay flat-backed
Dzinalo (lat): Notochelys platynota
Dzina: Turtle-Shelled-Shelled Turtle
Chigawo: (Cryptodira) Lurker
Banja: (Geoemydidae) Mtsinje waku Asia, bokosi
Subfamily: (Geoemydinae)
Chingwe: (Osawawutsa) Flat Back
Kufotokozera: Kutalika kwa kovunda kwamkati kamtunda kofika 32c. Pali keel yamankhwala pamatopo. Mtundu wa kabambidwewo umachokera ku mtundu wa bulauni mpaka wofiirira kapena wa bulauni, wokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima. Achichepere amakhala ndi malo awiri amdima papulogalamu iliyonse yokhala ndi vertebral ndi imodzi papulogalamu iliyonse ya pleural.
Pulasitoni ndi jumper yake ndi achikasu achikasu- wachikaso ndi mitundu yayikulu yakuda pachikopa chilichonse, kapena ngakhale chakuda kwathunthu. Mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zofiirira, chibwano ndi khosi zimasanduka zopanda pake mwa okalamba. Nyama zazing'ono zimatha kukhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu kumbuyo kwa diso ndi ina kuyambira kumapeto kwa kamwa mpaka khosi. Miyendoyo ndi yofiirira ndi zikopa zazikulu.
Habitat: Kuchokera kumwera kwa Myanmar ndi Vietnam kudutsa Thailand komanso kudera lonse la Malacca kupita ku Sumatra, Java (Indonesia) ndi Sarawakka (Boneo, Malaysia). Pamakhala zitsime zingapo zosaya zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo, kuphatikizapo mitsinje yoyera.
Chakudya: Herbivore, amakonda masamba am'madzi.Pakudya, amadya masamba osiyanasiyana, koma amakonda zipatso, makamaka nthochi.
Kubalanso: Nthawi yakubala, mphuno za amuna zimatha kusanduka zofiira. Pali mazira pafupifupi 3 mumachubu, kukula kwa 56x27-28 mm. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi mtundu wowala kuposa anthu akuluakulu ndipo keel imatchulidwa. Kukula kwa ana akhanda ndi 55-57 mm m'litali.
Kugawidwa kwa ufulu wokhazikika kumiyala.
Kamba wam'madzi wokhotakhota kumakhala ku Australia ndipo sikusuntha kuchokera kumagulu akulu - madzi akumpoto kwa Australia. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasamukira ku Tropic of Capricorn kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Papua New Guinea kukafunafuna chakudya. Masanjawa akuphatikizapo Indian Ocean - kum'mawa, Pacific Ocean - kumwera chakumadzulo.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa phokoso loyenda kumbuyo.
Fuluti wokhala ndi mendo wokhotakhota amakhala wamtali kukula mpaka 100 cm ndipo amalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 70 - 90. Chipolopolocho ndi fupa, lopanda zitunda, chowongoka kapena chozungulira. Imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira. Katakata pamphepete amakulunga ndikakutidwa ndi zikopa. Miyendo ndi yoyera zonona.
Akamba ang'onoang'ono, zishango zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa mauna wamtundu wamdima wakuda, pakati pali zikopa za maolivi. Akazi akuluakulu ndi akulu kuposa amuna, koma amuna amakhala ndi michira yayitali. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi mitu yozungulira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira maolivi moyera mogwirizana ndi mtundu wa chipolopolo. Obusirika ndi oyera kapena achikasu.
Chizindikiro kwambiri cha akamba awa ndi chipolopolo chawo chosalala, choteteza, chomwe chimakwezedwa m'mphepete.
Pali chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa m'makamba am'madzi, chipolopolo chake chimakhala chocheperako kuposa akamba ena am'nyanja, choncho ngakhale kukakamira pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, ma flipper agunda pa plastron) kungayambitse magazi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe akamba am'madzi amiyala yosambira asambira kusambira m'malo amiyala pakati pa miyala yamiyala yamiyala.
Kubwezeretsanso turtle yokhala ndi mapewa.
Kukhwima m'makamba amiyala kumapeto kwa Novembala ndi Disembala. Limodzi mwa madera omwe azimayi akuwerengedwa amawawonera ndi pachilumba cha Monrepos, chomwe chili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Bundaberg, Queensland. Pali nsanja zakuyika mazira. Pakadali pano, gawoli ndi malo osungirako zomwe alendo sangakwanitse.
Akazi amakumba zisa m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Mazira ali pafupifupi 51 mm; kuchuluka kwawo kumafikira mazira 50 - 150. Akamba amtundu wa Flatback amapatsa ana azaka zapakati pa 7-50. Amakhala zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka zaka 100.
Khalidwe la phokoso lozungulira.
Zambiri sizodziwika pamakhalidwe amamba oyenda panyanja. Akuluakulu amawoneka kuti akupuma pafupi ndi miyala kapena pansi pa miyala, pomwe akamba am'madzi amagona pansi pamadzi.
Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa maola angapo mpaka kupuma kotsatira.
Akamba omata amiyendo amasambira kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumutsidwa akaukiridwa ndi adani. Kuphatikiza apo, achichepere amawonekera usiku, chifukwa mdimawo umawatetezera pamene akamba amasinthana ndi chilengedwe chatsopano.
Turtle wokhala ndi waya wokwera kwambiri komanso wopendekera kumbuyo kwa carapace. Chikhulupiriro chimayenda bwino ndi ukalamba. Mtundu wa amuna ndi wautali wa 15cm, ndipo wa akazi mpaka masentimita 27. Carapace ndi maolivi kapena bulauni wokhala ndi m'maso achikasu. Khungu limakhala lofiirira wa maolivi wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali pakatikati, miyendo, mchira, mutu. Mutu ndi wocheperako. Kuseri kwa maso pali mawanga amakona amkati pamtunda kapena pansi pa masaya, ndipo m'khosi muli manja otambalala a 1-3 omwe amafikira kumaso.
Habitat
Kanema wa Mississippi komanso mabungwe ochokera ku St. Croy ku Wisconsin kupita ku Gulf Coast ku Louisiana ndi East Texas.
Mu chilengedwe
M'madziwe okhala ndi dambo lochuluka ndi masamba ochokera kumphepete mwa nyanja kupita kumawedza. Omnivores.
Kuswana
Nyengo, chachikazi imayikira mazira 8-22 (3-7) mazenera awiri. Mazira ndi ofanana. Kutentha kotsika ndi 22-25 ° C ndipo kutalika ndi masiku 53-93. Cubs hatch kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Kutalika kwawo ndi 25-37 mm ndipo ali ndi mtundu wowala. Ana ndi okongola kuposa akuluakulu, amakhala ndi carapace yowoneka bwino ndipo sakonda kutuluka m'madzi.
Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 20.
Pokonza, mumafunikira malo okhala ndi gombe, chotenthetsera, fayilo, UV ndi nyale yotenthetsera. Mulingo wamadzi ukhoza kukhala masentimita 10-15. Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 22-28 C ndipo pansi pa nyali - 35-40 C. Kutentha kwamadzi ndi 24-28 C.
Kudyetsa ndibwino m'mawa ndi masana. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana - nsomba, chakudya chouma, nyama, ma amphibians, tizilombo, magazi, letesi, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Makhalidwe a turtle wotsamira-kumbuyo.
Akamba a Flatback ali pachiwopsezo pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN. Pali kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zodetsa m'madzi am'nyanja, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchepa kwa malo ndi kuwonongedwa kwa akamba chifukwa cha mazira. Akamba am'nyanja amawopsezedwa ndi nkhandwe zakunja ndi kubala, agalu onyentchera ndi nkhumba.
Pofuna kupewa kugunda mwangozi mwakung'ambika ndikokoka usodzi, ntchito yodzipatula yama turbo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imawoneka ngati chosakira ndipo imakhala mkati mwa ukonde, kuti nsomba zochepa zokha zigwidwe. Akamba am'madzi amtundu wa Flatback ali ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina ya akamba am'nyanja. Chifukwa chake, izi ndizowopsa komanso zikuwonetsa kuchepa, ochepa omwe amapezeka m'malo omwe akukhala ngati akuwonongeka.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.