Nyalugwe ya kunyanja - imatanthauzira zamtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera a kum'mwera kwa Pacific. Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zoopsa kwambiri komanso zoopsa za m'madzi.
Amadziwika kuti ndi kambuku chifukwa khungu lake limakutidwa ndi mawanga, komanso chifukwa chakhalidwe lozunza - amakhalanso woopsa komanso wowopsa kwa nyama zina zapamadzi.
Pali nyalugwe wanyanja m'mbali mwake lonse la madzi oundana a Antarctic, ndikupulumutsira pamodzi ndi wakupha uja komwe kumadetsa nkhawa kwambiri anthu okhala mwamtendere.
Kufotokozera ndi moyo
Antarctica ndiye bara la 6 kapena chipululu choyera. Pafupifupi ma kilomita 14 miliyoni amakutidwa mu ayezi kuti mutha kubisala ndikupeza chakudya. M'chilimwe, madzi amakhala ndi moyo kuno. Unyinji waukulu wa plankton, makamaka krill - zufazid crustacean, mitundu yoposa 250 ya masiponji - ena mwaiwo ndi kukula kwa diver, urchins zam'madzi ndi nyenyezi, octopus, nyongolotsi, jellyfish olemera mmodzi ndi theka sentimita.
"Menyu" wotere amakopa ambiri omwe amadya ku Antarctica - nyama zam'nyanja, mbalame ndi nsomba. Alendo olemekezeka kwambiri ndi anamgumi a baleen: ma sivi, humpbacks, finials ndi blue whale. Kukhutitsidwa ndi kugwira kwakukulu - nsomba zonse, zipolopolo, ma crustaceans. Koma pali nyama mu banja la mapini omwe adakulitsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zachikhalidwe za abale ake. Ndiye nyalugwe wanyanja.
Chisindikizo cholusa chomwechi chimakonzekera kusaka mosatopa kwa ma penguin ndi nthumwi zina zamagazizi. Nthawi yomweyo, osasiya mitembo yamapini ndi anamgumi, amadya nyamayi, nsomba komanso ngakhale akhungu.
Nyalugwe wanyanja imakhala ndi thupi lopendekeka lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuthamanga madzi. Mutu wake wakhazikika pang'onopang'ono ndipo umawoneka ngati chokwawa, pakamwa pake pamakhala mizere iwiri ya mano amphamvu okhala ndi ma fang. Nyama ilibe mafuta osunthika.
Nyalugwe yamphongo yamphongo imakhala yayitali pafupifupi mamitala atatu ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu 300 - ndipo kulemera kwa nyalugwe wanyanja yachikazi imatha kufika theka la ton. Kugwira nyama, nyalugwe imatha kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h. Chifukwa cha momwe thupi limapangidwira, chisindikizo ichi chimafanana ndi torpedo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri. Ziphuphu zakumaso zimafikira mita, ndikugwirira ntchito molumikizana. Khosi lalitali losinthika limakhala ndi mutu wosalala wofanana ndi njoka. Pakamwa pakamwa pali nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akulu. Umu ndi chithunzi cha chidindo chakupha.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi nyalugwe wanyanja ndikuti sizigwirizana ndi anthu oyendayenda, koma amakonda kusungulumwa.
Chilimwe chikayamba ku Antarctica, nyalugwe wanyanja zimayandikira chakudyacho - magulu anyani. Pali njira ziwiri zosakira izi. Ma penguins akasambira pafupi ndi madzi oundana kapena kumtunda ndipo amatha kudumphira m'madzi, kambuku panyanja imawafikira pansi pamadzi kuchokera kutali komanso popanda phokoso. Popanda kuyang'ana kumbuyo, amakokera nyamayo pansi. China chake ndikuti ma penguin ali m'madzi akulu, kutali ndi gombe. Kusambira mbalame pansi pamadzi, chisindikizo chimatulukira mwadzidzidzi pafupi. Mosokonezeka, mbalame zambiri zimadumphira kunja, ndipo zingapo pakusokonezeka zimangoyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa muzzle yokha. Nyamayi imasangalala ndi izi. Akachira, mbalamezo zimathawa, ndikugulitsa mokuwa, ayesera kubisala. Pambuyo pawo, pamene torpedo ikuyenda m'madzi, kambuku yam'nyanja imathamangira. Ndipo ndi kulumpha komaliza kumatenga ndi ma runaway. Posakhalitsa, zonse zayamba kuchepa.
Mukasaka zisindikizo, nyalugwe wanyanja imabisanso pansi pamadzi. Atagwa mpaka mamita 300, amatha kukhalako kwa mphindi pafupifupi khumi, akusungabe oxygen m'misempha ndi magazi ake. Mukadumphira m'madzi, mphamvu ya madzi imakankhira m'mphuno, ndipo pakamwa pakatsegulidwa kuti mugwire nyama, kamkamwa ndi lilime limatseka khoma lakumbuyo kwa pharynx, kuti madzi asalowe m'mapapu. Ngati kuwukira m'madzi kwalephera, atha kupitiliza kufunafuna pamtunda, koma osakhalitsa. M'malo am'madzi ndizosavuta kwa iye, pali chinthu chake.
Kuopsa kwa nyalugwe wanyanja kumathandizanso anthu. Pakhala pali milandu yokhudza maboti. Nthambizo zidalumphira m'madzi ndikuyesetsa kumgwira mwamunayo ndi mwendo. A Christy Brown mu 2003 adakhala ozunzidwa panthawi yomwe ndege zimayendera. Nyalugwe ya kunyanja, m'mene imamiza wofufuzayo, anagwira mwendo wake ndi mano ake ndikumukoka ndikufika pa mtunda wamamita 70, mayiyo adakwanitsa. Khalidwe lonyansa lomwe limakula munyengo pakusinthika, chizolowezi chomenya nyama zomwe zingagwire.
Kambuku ya kunyanja imakhala m'malo okhawo padziko lapansi - Antarctica. Mwathunthu, ku Nyanja Yam'madzi pakadali pano pali anthu pafupifupi 400,000 a nyalugwe wanyanja. Mtunduwu sunachitidwenso chisodzi ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama ndikokwera kwambiri.
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja yapatsidwa ulemu, chidwi ndi kutetezedwa. Australia idapereka ngakhale ndalama ya dollar ndi chithunzi cha Mfumukazi Elizabeti II waku England pamaso pa ndalama, ndipo kumbuyo - nyalugwe wanyanja ndi mwana wake moyang'anizana ndi kumbuyo kwa Antarctica ndi malo oundana a ayezi.
Habitat
Nyalugwe za kunyanja zimakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya South Hemisphere, kuyambira kumalire a ice ice mpaka kumalire a dziko la Antarctic, komanso kuzungulira zilumba zapansi panthaka. Kummwera kwa Indian Ocean ndi Heard Island ndi madera omwe nyama izi zimakhala chaka chonse. Alipo ku South Georgia, Macquarie ndi zilumba za Falkland, Campbell ndi Auckland. Pitani kumpoto ku Sydney, pafupi. Rarotonga, South Africa ndi Northern Argentina.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Nyanja Leopard
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amaganiza kuti zolengedwa zam'madzi zam'madzi zopezeka kumapini zidachokera kwa mbadwa wamba yemwe amakhala pamtunda, koma pakadali pano palibe umboni wowoneka bwino wa izi. Zinthu zakale za Puijila darwini, zomwe zimakhala ku Arctic pa nthawi ya Miocene (zaka 23-5 miliyoni zapitazo), zidalumikizidwa. Mafupa otetezedwa bwino amapezeka ku Devon Island ku Canada.
Kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira, inali ndi mainchesi 110 ndi mapazi mtetezi mmalo mwa zipsepse, pomwe mbadwa zake zamakono zimadzitukumula. Mapazi okhala ndi masamba opendekera amatha kumulola kuti athetse nthawi yake pofunafuna zakudya m'madzi opanda mchere, ndikupangitsa kuyenda pamtunda kosavuta kuposa mapepala ozizira, pomwe nyanja zouma zitha kumukakamiza kuti apeze chakudya panthaka yolimba. Mchira wautali ndi miyendo yachidule idawoneka ngati ofanana ndi mtsinje.
Zowoneka ngati nyalugwe wanyanja
Chisindikizo ichi chimakhala ndi thupi lalitali mamita 2.5-3.2, mutu wamphamvu wokhala ndi nsagwada zazikulu, ma fangalo ataliitali komanso ma molars opangidwa bwino. Nyama zimalemera pafupifupi 250-400 kg. Zachikazi ndizochulukirapo kuposa zazimuna: nthawi zina kulemera kwa munthu payekha kumatha kufika 600 kg. Koma ngakhale ndi kukula kwakukulu ndikukhala m'madzi ozizira, mawonekedwe a kambuku ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya zisindikizo.
Nkhope yokongola ya nyalugwe wanyanja ndikupusitsa: nyama yolusa iyi siyokonda kuthyola penguin ngakhale chidindo chaching'ono.
Mtundu wa nyamayo ndi siliva, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda, komwe kumakhala kuwala komanso kowoneka bwino pakhosi, mbali zamapewa, mbali ndi m'mimba. Makanda obadwa kumene amavala ubweya wautali wofewa, wofanana ndi utoto wa nyama yachikulire.
Mosiyana ndi zisindikizo zenizeni, zipsepse zakutsogolo za kambuku ndizodula, zomwe zimapereka mwayi mu liwiro komanso kuyendetsa bwino.
Kambuku yam'madzi mu chithunzi imawonetsa ma fang ali opangidwa bwino.
Khalidwe lodana ndi nkhonya
Moyo wa nyalugwe wam'madzi umachitika pa ayezi komanso munyanja. Ndi nyama zazing'ono zokha nthawi zina zomwe zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pomwe achikulire samakonda kuyankhulana ndi mtundu wawo.
Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi zikhomo zina, monga zisimba za crabeater ndi zisindikizo za ubweya wa Antarctic, komanso pakati pa madera akuluakulu a penguin: wolusa sakonda kupita patali kukafunafuna chakudya komanso amakonda kuti nyama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Nyama ya kambuku
Poyerekeza ndi zisindikizo zina, nyalugwe ya kunyanja ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso opangidwa ndi minofu. Mtunduwu umadziwika chifukwa cha mutu ndi nsagwada zake zazikulu, zofananira ndi nyama zamtchire, zomwe zimaloleza kukhala chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe. Chinsinsi chomwe chimavuta kuphonya ndi chovala chotchinga, ndipo mbali yakumaso ndiyoyipa kwambiri kuposa pamimba.
Mu nyalugwe zam'madzi, siliva wokhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira losakaniza ndi imvi lomwe limapanga mtundu wa "nyalugwe" wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, pomwe mbali yakumanjayo (kumunsi) imakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka - kuyambira yoyera mpaka imvi. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kutalika konseku ndi 2.4-3,5 m, ndi kulemera - kuchokera 200 mpaka 600 kg. Amakhala pafupifupi kutalika kofanana ndi kolanje wakumpoto, koma kulemera kwa nyambo zam'madzi ndizosachepera theka.
Malekezero a pakamwa mwa chidindo cha kambuku amaweramira m'mwamba nthawi zonse, ndikupanga chinyengo cha kumwetulira kapena grin. Maonekedwe akudziwikirawa amawonjezera mawonekedwe owopsa kwa nyamayo, ndipo sangadaliridwe. Izi ndi zinthu zolusa zomwe zimayang'anira chiwopsezo chawo nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, akapita kumtunda, amateteza malo awo popereka chenjezo kwa aliyense amene ali pafupi kwambiri.
Thupi lolumikizidwa la nyalugwe wam'madzi limakupatsani mwayi wothamanga kwambiri m'madzi, likuwoneka mozungulira mosiyanasiyana ndi kutsogolo kwake kwakutali kwambiri. Chizindikiro china chodziwika bwino ndi ndevu zazifupi, zomveka bwino, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popenda chilengedwe. Nyalugwe za kunyanja zimakhala ndi kamwa yayikulu pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi.
Mano akutsogolo ali ngati lakuthwa, koma ma molars amalumikizana kuti atulutsire madziwo pansi, ngati chidindo cha crabeater. Alibe ma auricles akunja kapena makutu, koma ali ndi ngalande yamkati yamkati yomwe imatsogolera kutsegulira kwakunja. Mphekesera zakumwamba ndizofanana ndi mphekesera za munthu, ndipo kambuku panyanja imagwiritsa ntchito makutu ake ndi masharubu kuti itsata nyama yomwe ili pansi pa madzi.
Kodi nyalugwe wanyanja amadya chiyani?
Mitundu yambiri ya nyalugwe wanyanja ndi yotakata kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo Antarctic krill, nsomba, squid, komanso ma penguins ndi zina zam'nyanja ndi zisindikizo.
Popeza nyalugwe imakhala yowoneka bwino pagombe, imasaka m'madzi okha. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zimasiyana ndi nthawi ya chaka. Mu Seputembala-Novembala, krill amatenga gawo lalikulu muzakudya. Mu Disembala ndi Januwale, zisindikizo zatsopano za crabeater zimakhala zofunikira m'zakudya. Mu Januware-February, ma penguin achichepere amapezeka ovutikira mosavuta. Nsomba zimagwidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Monga lamulo, okhawo akuluakulu komanso achikulire okha ndi omwe amasaka nyama zazikulu. Kusaka ma penguin pafupi ndi madera awo kumachitika kokha munthawi inayake, ndipo ochepa okha, makamaka zisindikizo zodala amachita izi, chifukwa ndizovuta kugwira penguin yosuntha m'madzi.
Nyalugwe ya panyanja ndi chisindikizo chokhacho chomwe chimasaka zisindikizo zamtundu wina. Palibe amene anaonapo kusaka koteroko, koma zipsera za nkhanu zomwe zimakonda kubadwa, komanso zotsalira zawo m'mimba mwa nyalugwe zam'madzi, akuti izi zimachitika. Ambiri mwa ozunzidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono, koma zatsopano zomwe zidapezeka zidapezekanso mwa akulu.
Zotsatira zakuthwa kwa nyalugwe kwa omwe amadya nkhanu ndizovunda mpaka 30 cm, nthawi zambiri pamagulu awiri amodzi. M'mbuyomu, adaganiziridwa molakwika kuti mabala awa adasiya mano a nkhono zakupha, koma tsopano akukhulupirira kuti amakhalabe pomwe nkhwangwa imatsika kuchokera ku leopard wanyanja pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera - kasinthidwe. Kambuku imangodya khungu la anthu omwe amadya nkhanu ndi pafupi ndi mafuta.
Kuphatikiza pa omwe amadya nkhanu, zisindikizo za Weddell, komanso zisindikizo za ubweya ndi zisindikizo za njovu za ana zimatha kukhala chiphokoso cha nyalugwe wanyanja.
Kodi nyalugwe wanyanja imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyanja Leopard Antarctica
Izi ndi zisindikizo za pagophilic, kayendedwe ka moyo kameneka kamalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi madzi oundana. Malo okhala nyanja zamchere za Antarctic m'mphepete mwa ayezi. Achinyamata amawoneka m'mphepete mwa zilumba zapansi. Makungu osochera am'nyanja alembedwanso m'mbali mwa Australia, New Zealand, South America ndi South Africa. Mu Ogasiti 2018, munthu m'modzi adawoneka ku Geraldton pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Australia. Ku Western Antarctica, kuchuluka kwa anthu akambuku panyanja ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa zigawo zina.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Amuna aamuna anyani amtundu umodzi amagwiritsa ntchito zinyama zina zapamadzi ndi ma penguin m'madzi otentha a Antarctic. Ndipo akakhala kuti asatanganidwa nafunafuna cakudya, angatokotetse madzi oundana kuti akapume. Maonekedwe awo ndikumwetulira kosasunthika kumawapangitsa kuzindikira mosavuta!
Oimira ambiri amtunduwu amakhalabe mkati mwa ayeziyo pachaka chonse, amakhala okhaokha kwa moyo wawo wonse, kupatula nthawi yokhala ndi amayi awo. Magulu amtunduwu amatha kupitilira kumpoto nthawi yachisanu ku Australia kupita kuzilumba zazing'ono komanso m'mphepete mwa mayiko akumwera kuti athe kusamalira ana. Pomwe anthu osungulumwa amatha kuwoneka m'malo otsika, atsikana nthawi zambiri amaberekako. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zovuta za chitetezo cha ana.
Kuswana
Izi zikhomo zilibe nyengo yosiyanitsa. Kukwatirana kumachitika mwachindunji m'madzi, ndipo kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Januware, pa ayezi wapaketi kapena pachilumba, wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi. Mayiyo amamuwadyetsa mkaka pafupifupi milungu inayi, pomwe nthawi imeneyi khanda limachulukitsa kuchuluka kwake.
Kambuku zam'madzi zimatha kutha msinkhu wazaka za 3-7, ndipo zaka zawo zimakhala zaka 20-25. Nyama izi ndizofala kwambiri ku Antarctic. Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi kumafikira nyama pafupifupi 300-500 ndipo nyalugwe siziwopsezedwa.
Habitat, malo okhala
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya akambuku, omwe amasiyanasiyana m'malo okhala ndi malo okhala, amawonedwa kuti ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Nyalugwe za ku Africa (Rancher rardus rardus) zimakhala ku Africa, momwe zimangokhala osati m'nkhalango zachinyezi zokha zokha, komanso kumapiri, kumapiri ndi kumapiri kuchokera ku Cape of Good Hope kupita ku Morocco. Zoyang'anira zimapewe malo ouma ndi zipululu zazikulu, motero sizipezeka ku Sahara.
Kasitomala wakale wa Indian leopard (Ranthera rardus fusca) amakhala ku Nepal ndi Bhutan, Bangladesh ndi Pakistan, kumwera kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa India. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha komanso zowuma, m'malo okhala nkhalango kumpoto. Chule za Ceylon (Ranhera rardus kotiyа) zimangokhala kokha pachilumba cha Sri Lanka, ndipo ma subspecies aku North China (Ranhera rardus jaronesis) amakhala kumpoto kwa China.
Gawo logawidwa kwa Far East kapena Amur leopard (Pantherа pardus Orientalis) likuyimiriridwa ndi dera la Russia, China ndi Korea Peninsula, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu akuda a East Asia leopard (Pantherа pardus сiscaucasica) amapezeka ku Iran ndi Afghanistan, Turkmenistan ndi Azerbaijan, ku Abkhazia ndi Turkey, Pakistan. , komanso ku North Caucasus. Khwangwala waku South Arabian (Pantherа pardus nimr) amakhala kudera la Peninsula ya Arabia.
Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Nyanja Leopard
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti, pafupifupi, gawo la kutsika kwa aerobic kwa zisindikizo zazing'ono ndi pafupifupi mphindi 7. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'miyezi yachisanu, nyalugwe zam'madzi samadya krill, yomwe ndi gawo lalikulu lazakudya za zisindikizo zakale, chifukwa ma krill amapezeka mozama. Izi nthawi zina zimatha kubweretsa kusaka kolumikizana.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Nkhani za kusaka mogwirizana kwa chidindo cha ubweya wa Antarctic zalembedwa, kuyendetsedwa ndi chidindo chaching'ono ndipo mwina amayi ake akuthandiza mwana wake wamwamuna akukula, kapena kungakhale kulumikizana kwa akazi awiri achimuna + kukulitsa zokolola.
Kambuku wanyanja ikalemedwa ndi chakudya, komabe akufuna kusangalala, amatha kusewera mphaka ndi mbewa ndi ma penguin kapena chidindo china. Penguin akasambira kupita kugombe, nyalugwe wanyanja amasiya njira yake kuti abwerere. Amachita mobwerezabwereza mpaka ma penguin atha kukafika kumtunda kapena kuyamba kutopa. Zikuwoneka kuti masewerawa samveka, makamaka popeza chisindikizo chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pamasewerawa ndipo mwina sangadye nyama zomwe adazipha. Asayansi anena kuti izi ndizodziwikiratu pamasewera, kapena mwina zingakhale zazing'ono, zisindikizo zosafunikira zomwe zikufuna kusintha luso lawo losaka.
Nyalugwe za kunyanja ndizosalumikizana kwenikweni. Monga lamulo, amasaka okha ndipo samakumana ndi anthu oposa mmodzi kapena awiri amtunduwu nthawi imodzi. Kupatula pa njira yokhayokha iyi ndi nthawi yoweta pachaka kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, pomwe anthu angapo adzaphatikizana. Komabe, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chosasangalatsa komanso kusungulumwa, zochepa zimadziwika pankhani yokhudza kubereka kwawo kwathunthu. Asayansi akuyesabe kudziwa momwe nyalugwe zam'madzi zimasankhira anzawo omwe amacheza nawo komanso momwe amalembera madera awo.
Zifukwa zakuchera
Kuphatikiza pa kubereka mochedwa komanso kubwezeretsa anthu ambiri, ntchito zomwe munthu amachita ndizo zimapangitsa kuti nyalugwe yaku Far East ithe.
Nkhalango ndi madera oyenera kusaka nyama zodya nyama. Zikutha mwachangu chifukwa cha chitukuko, komanso moto wamitengo womwe "umawononga" udzu ndi kukakamiza azitsamba kuti asamuke "thandizo".
Izi zimaphatikizaponso misewu yayikulu ndi njanji zomwe zidayikidwa m'nkhalango zakale, kulima minda, kulima mitengo mosaduladula.
Zowopsa zazikulu za anthu ochepa anyani amtundu wa Amur zimachitidwa ndi ozunza poizoni nyama okhala ndimatumba a agalu. Asaka amafunafuna nyama yabwino, ndipo ochiritsa achi China amalipira ndalama zambiri pazinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama.
Nthawi zina nyalugwe zaku Far East zimayamba kuzunzidwa ndi eni agwape. Poyesera kudzipezera okha chakudya, olusa amawombera pomwepo "cholakwa" chija. Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe zosasamala zimagundidwa ndi magalimoto akudutsa m'mabwalomo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Leopard Yanyanja
Popeza nyalugwe wam'madzi amakhala m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kufikirako, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazikhalidwe zawo zokhala ndi ana. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti njira yawo yobereketsa imakhala mitala, ndiye kuti, amuna okwatirana amakhala ndi akazi angapo panthawi yakukula. Mkazi wogonana (wazaka 3 - 7) amatha kubereka mwana wamtundu wina m'chilimwe, akukumana ndi wamwamuna wogonana (wazaka 6 - 7).
Kukwatirana kumachitika kuyambira mu Disembala mpaka Januware, posachedwa kuletsa kamwana kakang'ono, pamene ma estrus amayenda mwa mkazi. Pokonzekera kubadwa kwa zisindikizo, zazikazi zimakumba bowo mozungulira ayezi. Mwana wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 30 ndipo amakhala ndi mayi ake kwa mwezi umodzi asanamuyamwitse ndi kuphunzitsidwa kusaka. Chisindikizo chachimuna sichichita nawo chisamaliro cha makanda ndipo chimabwerera m'moyo wawo wokhawokha ukatha msambo. Kuswana kwambiri kwa nyalugwe zapanyanja kumachitika pa ice ice.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Kukwatira kumachitika m'madzi, kenako wamwamuna amasiya mkaziyo kuti asamalire mwana amene wabereka patatha masiku 274 atakhala ndi pakati.
Amakhulupilira kuti nyimbo yokhala ndi mawu ndi yofunika kwambiri pakubala, popeza nthawi iyi amuna amakhala achangu kwambiri. Nyimbozi zalembedwa komanso kuphunziridwa. Ngakhale ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa chake mawu awa amapangidwa ndi amuna, amaganiziridwa kuti amagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika pakubala kwawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo pobereka. Kuimirira mozungulira pansi ndikuzungulira kuchokera kumbali kupita mbali, amuna achikulire ali ndi mawonekedwe, masitayilo amawoneka kuti amaberekanso modabwitsa komanso omwe akukhulupilira kuti ndi gawo limodzi lazoberekezo.
Kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1999, maulendo asanu ofufuza anapangidwa kupita ku Antarctica kuti akaphunzire nyalugwe za m'madzi. Zowunikira zinkachitika pazisindikizo za ng'ombe kuyambira koyambirira kwa Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala. Asayansi adawona kuti kwa anthu onse akuluakulu atatuwo, panali pafupi mkono umodzi, komanso amawona kuti azimayi ambiri amakhala kutali ndi zisindikizo zina zazikulu nthawi imeneyi, ndipo pomwe amawonedwa m'magulu, sanawonetse chiyanjano. Chiwerengero chaimfa cha ana a leopard mchaka choyamba chiri pafupi ndi 25%.
Khalidwe
Leopards ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimazindikiritsa gawo lake ndi zipere ndi mkodzo. Pa chakudya, leopards purr, ndi kulumikizana kwina ndi abale kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi ma cookows ndi chifuwa.
Mukasaka, nyalugwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mokongola, osakopa chidwi. Zidyamazi sizimva kufunika kwa madzi, popeza zochuluka zamadzi zomwe zimalandira kuchokera ku chakudya chawo.
Kambuku ndi nyama yothamanga kwambiri, imatha kuyenda mwachangu mpaka 60 km / h, ndikuchita kudumpha motalika kuposa mita sikisi. Amakhalanso ndi maso komanso kumva kwambiri, komwe ndikofunikira pakusaka m'nkhalango zowirira.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chakudya chachikulu komanso chosangalatsa cha nyama zodyerazi ndi agwape, agwape, anthambo. Kambuku amayang'anitsitsa nyama yake m'madziwe, amagwira m'khosi mwake ndikudumpha motero amupha.
Nyama izi zimabisalira mtengo pamtengo. Amatha kudzutsa mtembowo mpaka katatu kuposa iwowo. Ngati m'modzi mwa omwe akupikisana nawo akhudza chakudya chake, sangadye kale. Zimachitika mzaka zanjala kuti kambuku agwiritse ntchito maula, mbalame ndi nyani. Nthawi zina imadyanso zovalazo. Akakumana ndi nkhandwe komanso nkhandwe, amangowafunafuna.
Leopards amathanso kubera inzake pamtengo. Nthawi zambiri, nyalugwe wamkulu amafunika masiku awiri kuti adye nyama yayikulu. Chifukwa chake amadya nyama yanjala. Kambuku wodyetsedwa bwino amachita ndi nyama m'masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri.
Leopards pamlingo wina imayeretsa chilengedwe cha nyama zofooka. Kusankha kwachilengedwe kumachitika ndi thandizo lawo.
Wakuda ndi Woyera Wakuda
Zimachitika kuti mwa mkazi m'modzi, ndimawangamawanga, ana amtundu wakuda amawoneka. Makunguwa amatchedwa ma panthers akuda. Komabe, nyalugwe zakuda, zonse zomwezo, zimakhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka kwambiri kapena ocheperako. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa nyalugwe wakuda.
Pali zibalanje za albino. Maso awo ndi amtambo ndipo malaya ake ndi oyera. Komabe, kambuku oyera ngati amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala kuthengo.
Kuperewera kwa nyama
Pa dziko la China pali timapepala tambiri tomwe tingakhale oyenerera nyama izi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'maderawa sikokwanira kuti anthu azikhala moyenerera. Ndikothekanso kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa nyama, koma chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nkhalango ndi anthu ndikuwonetsetsa mwachangu komanso moyenera kuti ateteze anthu osabera. Kuti nyalugwe yaku Far East ichiritse, imafunikiranso kubwezeretsa malo omwe kale.
Zosangalatsa
Nyalugwe wamkazi imakhala ndi ana amuna kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi ingapo kuposa atsikana.
Atsogoleri a mafuko aku Africa nthawi zambiri amavala khungu la kambuku. Mwa izi amalimbikitsa mantha pamaso pa adani awo. Popeza khungu ili limawonetsa kuti ali ndi zikhalidwe zonse za chirombo ichi, chisomo, mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
Wotsogolera mitundu ya zisindikizo amatchedwa nyalugwe wanyanja, chifukwa imakhala ndi utoto m'mawonekedwe ndipo imasaka wabwino.
Mu mbiri yakale yapakati pake, wosakanizidwa wa kambuku ndi ngamila adatchulidwa. Chithunzichi chinali chifuwa cha mphaka chokhala ndi mutu wa twiza wokhala ndi nyanga ziwiri. Nyama iyi inali chizindikiro cha changu komanso kulimba mtima.
Mawu oti nyalugwe yoyera (nyalugwe wamphaka) ndi kambuku wowoneka bwino ndi wolakwika. Kambuku yoyera ndi ya mtundu wa anyani ndipo imatchedwa kambuku wa chipale chofewa.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Nyama zoterezi, zazikazi ndizokulirapo komanso zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zazimuna. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 500 kg, ndi kutalika kwa thupi - 4 metres. Amuna, kutalika kwawo sikawonjeza kupitirira 3 metres, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi 270 kg. Mtundu ndi makulidwe a anthu omwe ndi akazi kapena amuna osiyanasiyana ali ofanana, motero, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kugonana kwa achinyamata, osakula msinkhu.
Zakudya Zam'nyanja
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja imadziwika kuti ndiyomwe imayambitsa zilombo zambiri kuzitunda za Antarctic. Komabe, mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala, gawo lalikulu la chakudya chake silikhala nyama yamagazi ofunda, koma krill. Chiyerekezo chake poyerekeza ndi "zakudya" zina zomwe zimapezeka mu leopard ya nyanjayi ndi pafupifupi 45%.
Gawo lachiwiri, losafunikira kwenikweni la chakudya ndi nyama ya zisindikizo zazing'ono zamtundu wina, monga zisindikizo za crabeater, zisindikizo za ered ndi zisindikizo za Weddell. Gawo la zisindikizo zomwe zimasungidwa ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ndi pafupifupi 35%.
Mbalame, kuphatikizapo ma penguins, komanso nsomba ndi cephalopods, zimakhala pafupifupi 10% iliyonse.
Kambuku wanyanja samanyalanyaza phindu kuchokera ku zovunda, mwachitsanzo, amadya nyama yokhala ndi chinsomba, ngati atapatsidwa mpata wotere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi awona chinthu chachilendo cha nyama izi: akambuku ambiri am'madzi amasaka ma pengu nthawi ndi nthawi, koma mwa anthu amtunduwu palinso omwe amakonda kudya nyama ya mbalame zokha.
Nthawi yomweyo, mafotokozedwe omveka amachitidwe achilendo chotere sakanapezeka. Mwachiwonekere, kusankha kwa gawo lalikulu la chisindikizo kapena nyama yankhuku mukudya nyambo zam'nyanja ndikufotokozedwa ndi zosokoneza za gourmet izi.
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja imayang'anira nyama yake m'madzi, pambuyo pake ndikuponyera pamenepo ndikuipha. Mlanduwo ukachitika pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndiye kuti wolakwiridwayo angayese kuthawa mdaniyo mwa kudziponya pa ayezi. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, iye samatha kuchoka nthawi zonse: ofiira ndi chisangalalo chofuna kusaka, nyalugwe wake wam'madzi amathanso kutuluka m'madzi ndikuthamangitsa nyama yake kwakanthawi, akusunthira pamadzi oundana mothandizidwa ndi kutsogolo kwawo kwamphamvu ndi kolondola ..
Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe za panyanja zimasaka ma penguin, kuziwakwirira pafupi ndi gombe pansi pa madzi pamalo obisalira. Mbalame yosasamala ikafika pagombe, nyama yolusa ikadumphira m'madzi, kenako imagwira mwanzeru pakamwa pake.
Pambuyo pake, nyalugwe wanyanja imayamba kudya nyama yake. Atagwira mtembo wa mbalame pakamwa pake lamphamvu, amayamba kuwumenya mwamphamvu pamadzi, kuti alekanitse nyamayo ndi khungu, yomwe, imakhala yofunika kwa nyama yolusa, chifukwa m'mimbuluyi amakondweretsedwa ndi mafuta awo osasamba.
Zosindikiza zaukatswiri wazinyama
Monga mukudziwa, zithunzi za monochrome tsopano zikuyenda, koma zikafika pazomwezo zosindikizidwa, kusonkha chithunzicho bwino kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Mu mauta oterowo, mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi yosindikiza ziyenera kufanana momwe zingathere, choncho ndibwino kusankha masuti opangidwa okonzeka. Zochulukitsa, zovala zapamwamba kwambiri zosindikizidwa zazinyama zimakhala zazitali kwambiri chifukwa cha pamwamba kapena jekete, yomwe imayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi zovala zapafupi posachedwa.
Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chowoneka bwino ndi mathalauza ndi jekete pamafayilo osakira chimafunika kuti chithandizidwe ndi top kumtunda kapena turtleneck, ndikusankha mawonekedwe apamwamba ndi mathalauza, zovala zamkati, komanso zosavuta.
Maovololo apamwamba okha, masitayilo enieni pakati pawo omwe amatha kupezeka nthawi yozizira ndi chilimwe, omwe amadzimangiriza kumutu kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi zamitundu.
Kusindikizidwa kwanyama mu zovala zakunja
Chovala chachikopa mu python, chovala chotupa chakumaso, chovala cha laconic ndi jekete lalitali komanso chosindikizira chakudyachi - izi ndi zomwe muyenera kulabadira posankha zovala zakunja zomwe zimasindikizidwa mwachizolowezi.
Zithunzi za mafashoni 2019-2020 zokhala ndi nyalugwe ndi mitundu ina ya nyama mu zovala zakunja ndizophatikiza bwino ndi seti yosalowerera. Kuphatikizika kwakuda, bulauni, imvi, beige ndizovala bwino.
Makhalidwe olimba komanso opanga amatha kuyesa kuphatikiza mitundu yaukatswiri komanso yosasintha pamtundu umodzi. Mwachitsanzo, chovala cha laimu ndi chofunda chaubweya wopepuka wokhala ndi ubweya wofewa chimakhala chogwira mtima komanso choyenera.
Zovala zamkati zokongola kwambiri pazithunzi zachikazi
Kusankha kwa chovala cha kambuku kutuluka kwamadzulo sikungakhale kopambana kwathunthu, pamene mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse a 2019-2020 madiresi opunduka a kambuku sakhala olingana.
Mutha kuvala kavalidwe kokongola ka kambuku kuntchito, popeza momwe zinthu zidzakhalire zotsekeka komanso zovala zapamwamba. Mitundu yamasewera yaulere imatha kuvekedwa ndi zovala zoyera. M'nyengo yozizira, valani jekete yakuda kapena chovala chaching'ono cha beige, zithunzi zoterezi ndizovala zazingwe ndizachikazi komanso zokongola.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madiresi achidwi, kuyambira okhathamira mpaka kumata odulidwa, amakhalabe oyenera. Komabe, machitidwe monga asymmetry kapena mapewa othinitsidwa, komanso mafiriji, savomerezeka m'mavalidwe otere ndipo ndi osowa kwambiri.
Masiketi apamwamba ndi mathalauza okhala ndi zipsinjo zamtundu wazithunzi
Iwalani kwathunthu za legard leggings, tsopano machitidwewo ali mathalauza osindikizidwa a nyama 2019-2020 odulidwa molunjika ndikukwera kwakukulu. Kutalika kofulumira ndi mathalauza owoneka bwino ndi koyenera. Thalauza lachikopa loyala lingakhale zitsanzo zosindikizidwa ndi njoka.
M'masiketi a masiketi panali zosankha zambiri. Ngakhale mitundu yochepetsetsa ya denim yokhala ndi kope yosindikizidwa imakhala yapamwamba. Mawonekedwe amtundu wokhala ndi siketi ya pensulo ya petticoat amawoneka apamwamba; nthawi yomweyo, onetsetsani kuti amasankha apamwamba kwambiri.
Pali masiketi ochepa owononga okhawo; omwe amatalika kwambiri ndi mavidiyo ambiri. Mitundu yoyendetsedwa ndi yoyenera popanda zokongoletsera zowonjezera pazophatikiza zilizonse zimawoneka zosangalatsa komanso megastile.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa akambuku am'madzi ndi nyama pafupifupi 400,000. Uwu ndi mtundu wachitatu waukulu kwambiri wazisindikizo za ku Arctic ndipo mwachiwonekere samakumana ndi kutha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyalugwe wam'madzi amadziwika kuti ndi "Woperewera".
Nyalugwe ya panyanja ndi nyama yolusa komanso yoopsa. Chimodzi mwazosindikiza zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, nyamayi imakhala m'madzi ozizira a subantarctic, pomwe imakonda kwambiri nyama zokhala ndi magazi ofunda okhala m'dera limodzi. Moyo wa nyama yolusa yam'madziyi imangodalira osati kuchuluka kwa omwe amadziwika nawo, komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti palibe chomwe chikuwopseza thanzi la nyalugwe wanyanja, kutentha pang'ono pang'ono mu Antarctic komanso kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana nthawi zambiri mwina sikungakhudze anthu ake m'njira zabwino komanso kungawononge moyo wa nyama yodabwitsayi.
Maonekedwe ngati nyalugwe wanyanja
Nyalugwe wanyanja ndi banja zisindikizo, ndipo ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu. Kutalika kwa nyama yolusa imeneyi ndi yochititsa chidwi - kutalika kwa thupi laimuna ndi 3 mita, yaimayi imafika mpaka 4m.
Kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi theka la matani achikazi ndi pafupifupi 270-300 kg. mwa amuna. Monga mukuwonera, akazi sangadzitame chifukwa cha chisomo, koma cholemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna. Koma, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe otere, thupi la nyalugwe wam'madzi limakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo kwambiri.
Thupi lalikulu limakhala ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amalilola kuti lizitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Miyendo yamtali yolimba komanso yamphamvu, komanso kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe, imakwaniritsa cholinga chomwecho.
Maonekedwe a chigaza chija amawongolera, kupangitsa kuti chifanane ndi mutu wa chokwawa.Pakamwa pa nyalugwe mumakhala mizere iwiri ya mano akuthwa omwe amakhala ndi ma fupi mpaka 2,5. Masomphenya ndi kununkhira zimapangidwa bwino, palibe auricles.
Chisindikizo ichi, chomwe, chimatchedwa kuti nyalugwe mwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mtundu wake - mawanga oyera oyera amapezeka pakhungu lakuda lakuda. Mimba ndi yopepuka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amawoneka, m'malo mwake, ndi amdima. Khungu lenilenilo ndilakhungu kwambiri, ubweya sufupika.
Nyanja Leopard Habitat
Kambuku yam'nyanja imakhala ku Antarctic, m'mbali mwa madzi oundana onse. Achichepere amasambira kuzilumba zazing'ono zingapo m'madzi ang'onoang'ono ndipo amatha kukhalapo nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Nyama zimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso osasambira kutali kupita kunyanja, kupatula nthawi yosamukira.
Chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa nyalugwe wanyanja ndi ma penguin
Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira nyalugwe anyani amasambira m'madzi ofunda a Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, New Zealand, Australia. Pazilumba zakutali kwambiri - Island Island, zotsatira za kukhalapo kwa nyamayi zidapezekanso. Nthawi ikakwana, anyalugwe amabwerera mu ayezi wawo wa ku Antarctic.
Nyanja Leopard Moyo
Mosiyana ndi zisindikizo zinzake, nyalugwe wanyanja imakonda kukhala yokhayo, m'malo moisonkhana m'magulu akulu pagombe. Ndi achichepere okha nthawi zina omwe amatha kupanga timagulu tating'ono.
Amuna ndi akazi samalumikizana mwanjira iliyonse, kupatula nthawi yomwe yakwana. Masana, nyama zimagona pansi pamadzi oundana, ndipo pofika usiku zimira m'madzi kuti zidyetse.
Pofunafuna ma penguin, nyalugwe wanyanja amatha kudumphira pansi
Kambuku yam'nyanja, m'madzi ake am'madzi amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazambiri zomwe zimadya kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kotukuka kuthamanga kwa 30-40 km / h m'madzi, kuthekera kosenda kwambiri mpaka mamita 300 ndikutha kudumphira m'madzi, nyama yam'nyanja iyi idadzipangira ulemerero wa nyalugwe weniweni.
Adani achilengedwe a nyalugwe wanyanja
Chithunzi: Nyanja Leopard ku Antarctica
Sizovuta kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi ku Antarctic, ndipo nyalugwe wanyanja ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zakudya zabwino zokha, komanso kusakhalako konse kwa adani. Nyama zam'madzi ndizomwe zimadya nyama zokhazokha. Zisindikizo izi ngati mutha kuthana ndi mkwiyo wa nkhandwe wakupha, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 26. Ngakhale nyalugwe za m'madzi sizambiri zazinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, malinga ndi malo awo okhala komanso otambalala. Kuphatikiza pa agulu opha, amatha kuyesa kusaka anthu ang'onoang'ono a nyalugwe wanyanja: asodzi akulu ndi, mwina, zisindikizo za njovu. Makina a nyamayo ndi 2,5 cm.
Kuyesa kuphunzira zolengedwa izi kumakhala koopsa, ndipo nthawi imodzi ndikudziwika kuti kambuku wamadzi wapha munthu. Osati kale kwambiri, katswiri wazam'madzi yemwe amagwira ntchito ku British Antarctic Service anamira pambuyo poti chisindikizo chimukokere pafupifupi mita 61 pansi pamadzi. Sizikudziwika ngati nyalugwe wanyanja ikafuna kupha biology, koma koposa zonse, ndi chikumbutso chozama cha zenizeni za nyama zamtchire izi.
Mukasaka ma penguins, nyalugwe wanyanja amayenda madzi m'mphepete mwa ayezi, pafupifupi kumizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi, kudikirira mbalamezo kupita kunyanja. Amapha ma penguins posambira ndi kugwira miyendo yawo, kenako ndikugwedeza mwamphamvu mbalameyo ndikumenya thupi lake mobwerezabwereza pamadzi mpaka penguin itamwalira. Malipoti am'mbuyomu kuti nyalugwe wanyanja imatsuka nyama yake isanadyetsedwe kuti si yolondola.
Posoŵa mano kuti adule chidutswa chake, amapondera galu lake mbali ndi mbali, ndikuang'amba pakati. Nthawi yomweyo, krill amadyedwa ndi kuyamwa kudzera m'mano a chisindikizo, chomwe chimalola nyambo zam'madzi kuti zizisintha mosiyanasiyana. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kuwonetsa kupambana kwa chilengedwe cha Antarctic.