Pecilia (lat.Xiphophorus maculatus) ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri nsomba zam'madzi. Unreretentiness, kukongola, utoto wosiyanasiyana ndi kuphweka, zidapangitsa kuti zizitchuka.

Amakhala ngati guppy, wonyamula lupanga, wolumala, ndiye kuti amabala mazira mkati mthupi.

Pazomwe zili ku Pecilia ndi kuswana, tidzanena munkhani yathu.

Kodi iwo amaoneka? Momwe ndimadyera pecilia? Kodi ndi zovuta kuzinthu? Momwe mungawalere? Mafunso awa ndi enanso adzayankhidwa ndi nkhani yathu.

Kufotokozera

Pecilia ndi nsomba yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 3.5 - 5, ndipo chiyembekezo chazaka pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Zokhudza mawonekedwe ndi kupaka utoto, amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri, ndizosatheka kufotokoza zonse.

Titha kungotchulapo discilia pelicia, mawonekedwe opangidwa mwapadera ndi msana wopindika ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a thupi, amatchedwanso kuti balconi wa pelcilia.

Kwenikweni, palibe kusiyana pakati pazomwe zili pakati pa pecilia wamba ndi silinda. Zotsirizika, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo ndi mafupa, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.

Kudyetsa

Mwachilengedwe, pecillia amadya tizilombo ndi algae. Ndipo m'madzimo, amasangalala kudya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse.

Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber mu zakudya za Pecilia, zitha kukhala zamphesa zokhala ndi zinthu zamasamba kapena masamba otsekemera - nkhaka, zukini, sipinachi.

Mwachilengedwe, algae amapanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya, ndipo chakudya chomera chimathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito amitsempha.

Ponena za chakudya cha nyama, zitha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse - ma magazi, chifuwa, artemia ndi Corpetra ndizabwino.

Kusokonezeka kwa zinthu

Nsomba ndizabwino kwa onse oyamba komanso abwino. Pakati pa pecilli, aliyense adzapezanso nsomba zosangalatsa.

Monga pafupi viviparous konse, Pecilia ndiwodzikweza kwambiri komanso malo okhala. Itha kusungidwanso m'mizinda yaying'ono, kuchokera ku malita 40-50, koma zambiri ndizabwino.

Pakati pawo, samawonetsa kukwiya (mosiyana ndi malupanga), ndipo amatha kusungidwa ndi akazi. Wamphongo mmodzi ndi wokwanira akazi awiri kapena atatu.

Ma parameter amadzi sakhala ofunika kwambiri, madzi a kuuma kwapakatikati adzakhala abwino (15 - 30 dGH), acidity mkati mwa ph: 7.0-8.3, ndi kutentha kwa madzi 22-25 C.

Ndikofunikira kuti madzi akhale oyera komanso atsopano, ndikofunikira kusintha gawo lamadzi sabata iliyonse (mpaka 20%).

Kuchepetsa ndi kuthandizira ndikofunikira, koma ngati Aquarium simadzaza, ndiye kuti itha kunyalanyazidwa.

Kwawo

Dziko lapa Pecilians ndi America, komwe amakhala kumapeto kwa mitsinje yomwe imalowa mu Nyanja ya Atlantic. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, magulu ophunzirawa amakhala ndi utoto wochokera ku imvi zachikaso mpaka mawanga. Izo sizingakhoze wotchedwa wokongola kwambiri, ndi nsomba lero yowala ndizo zotsatira za ntchito ya ulimi wawo.

Pecilia amakula mwachilengedwe mpaka 18 cm, ndipo mitundu ya aquarium sapitilira 5 cm kutalika. Matupi awo amafupikitsidwa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chikwangwani ndi mchira wokwanira bwino. Mutu ndi njila kwa thupi, ndi maso aakulu. Pakamwa padadzuka. Kusuntha kwa nsomba kumakhala mwachangu, kusalala, osati kupindika.

Moyo mu chikhalidwe, nsomba kusankha malo ndi m'nkhalango zowirira za zomera za m'madzi amene angathe kubisala kwa adani. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi algae ndi tizilombo, komanso ma invertebrates am'madzi am'madzi omwe alibe chipolopolo cholimba.

Izi nsomba zidabweretsedwa ku Europe kumapeto - kokha m'zaka za zana la 20. Anabwera nawo ku Mexico ndi Guatemala. Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1886. Ku U.S., nyamazo zinayamba kuchita chidwi ndi obereketsa omwe, mwa kuyesayesa kwawo, adatha kupeza nzika zochititsa chidwi zamadziwe ochokera kunyumba kuchokera pa ofiira mpaka obiriwira, omwe ali olimba komanso okhululuka oyamba zolakwa zambiri posamalira nsomba zam'madzi, kuchokera ku nsomba zamtchire zooneka bwino. Pecilia ndi mtendere ndi kupeza bwino ndi ambiri mitundu ina nsomba.

Malamulo Okhatikiza

Ngakhale nsomba amaziona kuti ndi zopanda anthu okhala m'madzi, zimafunikabe kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Ziweto zimafunika madzi oyera, omwe sangakhale ndi ammonia ndi nitrite. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kusamalira dongosolo khalidwe kusefera. Pamafunikanso kutentha kwamadzi nthawi zonse kuti kusazizire pansi pamlingo wofunikira. Kukhalapo kwa compressor kwa aeration ndikofunikira, ngakhale ndizomera zochulukirapo, popanda chida chotere, nsomba sizimamva bwino, ndipo nthawi yawo yamoyo idzachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kusamba kwa Aquarium kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, ndikusintha ma ⅓ a kuchuluka kwa madzi. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito madzi abwino pokhapokha atakhazikika ndikuwotha kutentha. Ngati ndi kotheka, magawo athandizira ayenera mwachidule ndi anthu amene ali madzi mu Aquarium pogwiritsa ntchito formulations wapadera kuti amagulitsidwa Pet m'masitolo.

Pecilia amasambira mwachangu, chifukwa chake ayenera kusankha aquarium yamafelemu, kuya kwakukulu kapena kupingasa, kuti ziweto zizitha kuyenda momasuka kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi. Kuchuluka kwake ndikofunikira kuchokera ku 100 l, chifukwa ngati sichoncho zingakhale zovuta kusunga nsomba mu gulu chifukwa chosowa malo. Ngati mufuna kukhala zosaposa 5 pecilia, inu zibwezeletsera nokha kuti mphamvu ya malita 50, supplementing kampani ya pecilia ndi mlamba ndi ena oyandikana okonda mtendere agwilitse zigawo zina za m'madzi.

Kukonda kwachilengedwe kwa kuchuluka kwazomera zomwe mungabisike, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwazambiri zam'madzi. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zenizeni zokhala ndi masamba akulu. amadyera yokumba akhoza kukhala mu mgodi kunyumba, koma ngati ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Pamwamba pa madzi, ndibwino kuti mambowu usanduke, womwe umapangitsa kuwala ku aquarium mwachilengedwe, kusakanikirana. Kutsogolo kumasiyidwa lotseguka kuti nsombazo zikhale ndi malo osambira.

Nthaka, monga maziko, izo m'pofunika kusankha mdima wina. Chifukwa chake pecilia amawoneka osangalatsa monga momwe angathere ndipo mitundu yawo imawoneka yowala. Ngati madziwo ali ofewa kwambiri, ndiye kuti miyala yamchenga imatha kuyikidwa pansi, zomwe zimawonjezera kuuma kwake.

chivundikirocho ndi lamulo kwa Aquarium, chifukwa Pecilia ndi kulumpha nsomba mosavuta kufa popanda kudumpha madzi. Ngati tankiyo mulibe chivindikiro, itha kuyikidwa m'malo mwa chidutswa chagalasi, chomwe chidzayikidwe pamwamba.

Kugwirizana

Pecilia amatchedwa "nsomba zamchere", ndipo ndikofunikira kuganizira izi posankha anthu oyandikana nawo. Sikutheka kuti tikagonane nsomba iwo amene amafuna madzi zofewa kapena acidic. Makamaka mbali ndi mitundu yotere:

• malupanga
• molliesia
• guppies
• tetras zosiyanasiyana
• Apistogram Ramirezi,
• zebrafish
• mlamba, kuphatikizapo unyolo-mail.

Nsomba zotere ndizosavomerezeka monga oyandikana nawo:

• golide - chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake, adzazindikira kuti pectilia ndi nyama ndipo am'meza,
• nsomba zolusa
• mitunduyi si oyenera magawo madzi.

Ndikosatheka kuwonjezera shrimp yamadzi oyera ku pecilli, ngati ali ochepa. Anthu oterowo akakhala okulirapo kuti amezedwe, amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi nsomba, zomwe zimawoneka zachilendo komanso zokongoletsa.

Ambiri, ngakhale mitundu ndi anansi ake si mkulu.

Matenda

Matenda nthawi zambiri amatuluka pokhapokha chifukwa chosasunga nsomba bwino m'madzi, pomwe sipaperekedwe madzi oyera, komanso kudya kosayenera. Pecilia nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, matenda awo ndi ichthyophthyroidism ndi pathologies parasitic akadali zotheka. Tiziromboti titha kulowa m'madzi ndi zakudya zopanda moyo, komanso ngati nsomba zatsopano sizinakhazikitsidwe tisanakhale mu malo osungira anthu ambiri.

Kuswana

Nsomba zimakonda kuswana komanso kuswana mosavuta m'madzi ambiri, momwe muli mbewu zokwanira, chifukwa mwachangu amatha kubisala, apo ayi adyedwa ndi akulu, kuphatikiza makolo awo. Ngati mukufuna kuti ambiri nyama, nsomba ndiye ayenera adzaukitsidwa mu kufesa Aquarium, komwe ana sadzakhala pangozi.

Kukula kwa nsomba kumafika m'miyezi 8-12. Zachikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna komanso zopatsa thanzi, zimawoneka zochepa komanso zokongola. Analemba kuti analisintha chipsyepsye kumatako, zomwe zikuwoneka ngati chubu. Panthawi yokonzekera kugonana, mitundu ya amuna ndi akazi imakhala yowala kwambiri.

Mwa chachikazi, pamimba pamachulukanso panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, ndipo pamatuluka malo amdima, omwe amapezeka m'mitundu yonse yamtundu wa viviparous. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu mwachangu, maso mtundu woyamba, ndipo iwo amationa khoma zonyalazo peritoneum ndi kupereka mtundu mdima. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe wamkazi samaberekanso 20, ndipo pambuyo pake mpaka 50. Pambuyo pobadwa, amasiyanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi ana ake.

The mwachangu atabadwa kale palokha. Kusungidwa kwa makolo sikofunikira. Fryayo amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi yolika yolk ya mazira a nkhuku, artemia ndi maudindo apadera. Pa chakudya moyo, nsomba kukula mofulumira kwambiri.

Kuyambira masabata asanu ndi limodzi, mwachangu ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kukula komanso jenda. Izi zipewera cannibalism.

Baluni

Kuswana mawonekedwe, amene ali thupi kusinthidwa ndi msana n'njokhota ndi pamimba wakulitsidwa. Kunja, nsomba ngati imeneyi imawoneka ngati Pecilia wamba wokhala ndi thupi lofupikika ndipo limafalikira kwambiri. Mitunduyo imatha kuwonetsa zovuta zazikulu ndi kubereka chifukwa cha kupindika kwa msana ndikuthothoka kwa ziwalo zamkati.

Black

Nsomba yotere imakhala ndi khungu lakuda, koma zipsepse zimatha kukhala zofiira, zachikaso kapena lalanje. Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi zipsepse zomwe zimakhala ndi malire owoneka bwino komanso malekezero opaka utoto, womwe umawoneka wokongola kwambiri komanso wodabwitsa.

Kusankha pesilia a mtundu uliwonse, munthu ayenera kulabadira maonekedwe ake ndi chakuti alibe zizindikiro za matenda ndi kuvulala.

Kusiyana pakati pa Pecilia ndi Molliesia

Mapulogalamu onse a Pecilia ndi Molly ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Choncho, mollies ndi zambiri kaso ndi toned thupi, ndipo mtunda wamkulu ku chotulukira ku caudal chipsyepsye. Zosankha zamtundu sizili zochulukirapo monga ku Pecilia - nthawi zambiri zitsulo zakuda ndi zagolide zimagulitsidwa, ndipo nthawi zina, zoyera.

Pecilia amakhala wodekha ndipo samakangana ndi anansi. Zikhoza kuonedwa monga amadziwika ndi. Nkhope zawo zimakhala ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana - mollie amakhala wankhanza.

Mukayamba aquarium, mutha kusankha pecilia iliyonse monga ziweto zanu zoyambirira. Iwo kusiyana ndi thanzi labwino, kupirira ngakhale kupulumuka ena zolakwika ku makhalidwe abwino a m'ndende. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kubereka mosavuta, zimatha kukhala dziwe lanyumba ku mibadwomibadwo, ndipo mtendere wamtunduwu umawalola kuti awonjezere oyandikana nawo komanso mitundu ina kwa iwo.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Mwaachimuna ndi wamkazi ku Pecilia, kusiyanasiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna kumadziwika. Akazi amakhala akuluakulu (palpably), ndi koposa ndipo anamaliza pamimba, ndi zochepa yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri.

Mwa amuna, anal fin inachokera ku gonopodia, ndiyochepa komanso yowongoka.

Ma anal anal aakazi ndi onse.

Male (pansi) ndi wamkazi

Mitundu ya Aquarium Pecilia

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi am'madzi a Pecilia amasiyana osati mtundu, komanso mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi motere:

• Multicolor - mitundu ingapo ndi mithunzi yawo imasonkhanitsidwa mu utoto.
• Chakuda ndi mtundu womwe umakhala ndi ubweya wakuda.
• Plain - Monga ina yofanana ambiri.

Maonekedwe nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsa:

• chapamwamba
• ndi mawonekedwe choyambirira chipsyepsye,
• disk yoboola pakati - thupi limakhala ngati lathyathyathya kuchokera kumbali.

Ndikosatheka kuyitanitsa Mitundu yonse, koma zowala kwambiri komanso zotchuka kwambiri zaperekedwa pano.

Balloons

Mtunduwu umakhala ndi msana wopunduka, motero umakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ofanana ndi baluni wokhala ndi magazi. Uwu ndiye mtundu wosasangalatsa kwambiri, sikoyenera kuyambitsa aquarium yamamadzi nayo.

anthu lalikulu kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 12 yaitali ndi 10 cm mkulu mu dorsal chipsyepsye. Mtundu wa masikelo ungakhale wosiyanitsa kwambiri.

Reds

Pencilia yayikulu ya Berlin (mpaka 12 cm) yokhala ndi masikelo a mithunzi yonse yofiirira ndi yofiyira komanso yoluka yamafuta. Wodzichepetsa, ntchito crossbreeding ndi swordsmen kawetedwe zosintha chawo chatsopano. Kuti musunge kuwala kowoneka bwino m'zakudya, chakudya chamoyo ndichofunikira tsiku lililonse. Mtundu umodzi wotchuka.

Chakuda

Opondapo Aquarium okhala (10 cm). Mtundu wakuda wa masikelo umatulutsa mtundu wamtambo, imvi, wobiriwira. Mitundu iwiri-yokhala ndi mutu wowala, wofiira kapena wamalanje amadziwika. Nthenga chimaonekera kapena mandimu ndi buluu mayi a ngale.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze mitundu yatsopano, chifukwa amasinthana bwino ndi nsomba zina.

Dzuwa

Komanso, mtunduwu umatchedwa chintz pecilia, umafunidwa nthawi zonse ndi asitikali am'madzi, koma ndizovuta kupeza, ndi mitundu yosowa. Kutsogolo kwa thupi malankhulidwe mandimu, kumbuyo - red-lalanje mithunzi. Zomwezo ndi zofanana ndi kola edging. Malo ocheperako kapena akulu ophatikizika m'mphepete. Amuna ndi zambiri limaonetseratu kwambiri mtundu.

Mbiri ya Pecilia

Pecilia nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ma mollies ndi malupanga, omwe amatha kutchedwa imodzi yamitundu yawo. nsomba zonsezi carp-dzino banja.

Anawabweretsa ku Europe kuchokera ku Guatemala ndi kumwera kwa Mexico koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.

Kulongosola koyamba kwa mitundu yam'mwera kwambiri kum'mwera kunapezeka mu 1886, kenako, mu 1904, pecilia wobiriwira, ndi motley mu 1932.

mitundu yonse kupatula Yekhayo wobiriwira, tsopano bwino kuphunzira, ndipo ambiri mpaka anawoloka pakati pawo.

Green pecilia lero imayambitsa chidwi chachikulu pakati pa asodzi am'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe atsopano osangalatsa oswana.

A Tail akutsimikizira: mawonekedwe a aquarium

Pecilia akukondedwa ndi aquarists onse woyamba ndi akatswiri chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake mtendere. Quarrel sizimatuluka ngakhale mu dziwe lochita kupanga, pomwe amuna angapo amakhala ndi amuna amodzi.

Zoyenera kusunga nsomba izi:

• The Aquarium ayenera kuya mokwanira lalikulu buku laling'ono. 2 l madzi ndi okwanira munthu m'modzi, koma gululo limamva bwino m'malo osungira okwanira 60-litre.
• Pecilians amakonda kubisala m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake aquarium iyenera kubzalidwa ndi cryptocoryne, echinodorus, elodea, ndi Hornwort. Padziko ndi ofunika kuthamanga riccia. Ndikofunikira kusiya kutsogolo kopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti masukulu a nsomba zowala amawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri.
• Pofuna kupewa matenda a zodabwitsazi, ndibwino kuti muwonjezere mchere pang'ono ndi madzi, ndithudi, ngati izi sizikuvulaza zomera zam'madzi ndi ena okhala mderalo.
• Onetsetsani kuti kusamalira kusefera (mkati kungakhale) ndi aeration wa madzi, makamaka ndi ambiri zomera. Kotala la voliyumu liyenera kusinthidwa ndi madzi atsopano tsiku lililonse.
• Chosefera chakuda cha pansi chimawoneka bwino mu aquarium yokhala ndi pecilia, ndipo miyala yamchenga imapatsa madziwo kuuma kofunikira kwa 10-30 dH. Angagwiritsidwenso anakweza powonjezera tchipisi nsangalabwi ndi njira ya magnesia. Ndi zofewa kwambiri, nsomba zimayamba kudwala.
• Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi ndi +22 ... + 26 ° C, acidity ndi 7-8 pH.
• Ndi bwino kutseka Aquarium ndi chivindikiro, monga pecilia ali ndithu kulumpha.

Kupewa matenda

Thanzi la nsomba limadalira kwambiri kutentha. Ngati madzi ozizira, ndiye Pecilia akhoza chimfine. Amathanso kudwala. fungal matenda kapena zowola. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nkofunika kwambiri kuyan'ana kutentha madzi tsiku.

Ngati zinthu zosasangalatsa zoterezi zidachitikabe, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa madzi mumadzi akuyenera kukwezedwa kufika pa 28 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lamadzi liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala watsopano, ndikuwonjezera mchere pang'ono.Mudzafunikanso kuwonjezera kuthandizira munyumba yam'madzi mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera.

Matenda a pecilia, monga momwe amasonyezera, amafalikira msanga m'madzi. Chifukwa cha izi, muyenera kugwira nsomba zodwala munthawi yochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku thankiyo ndikukhazikika panjira yokhazikika, ngati mtundu wa aquarium.

Zofunika!Panthawi ya matendawa, sizothandiza kuperekanso Pecilia. Palibe chabwino chingachitike.

Nthawi zina aquarium pecilia imatha kukhala yopatsirana. Zizindikiro za izi ndi madontho oyera ndi thovu zomwe zimawoneka pa thupi la nsomba. Pamaso pa mabungwe oterowo, zinthu ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu. Choyamba muyenera kukweza kutentha mu aquarium, ndikumawonjezera mankhwalawo ndi madzi.

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Maulendo, yomwe imatha kuthandiza nsomba kuti ichotse matenda angapo. Koma kuti musakumane ndi mavuto otere, muyenera kuwunikira mosamala thanzi lanu la ziweto zanu za m'madzimo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi moyo wabwino. Ndipo izi, monga mukuwonera, ndizotheka osati kokha kwa akatswiri am'madzi odziwa ntchito zamadzi, komanso kwa oyamba kumene omwe sanapeze luso lokwanira m'derali.

Pecilia wapakati

Mimba yoyembekezera imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi kutupa pamimba. Ndipo ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi khungu lowonekera bwino pamimba, mutha kuwona nawonso maso akuda amtopola. Kuyeneranso kwa kubadwa koyamba kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kokha. Koma pokhapokha, pobadwa mobwerezabwereza, zidzakhala zovuta kuzungulira pakati pa nthawi yobadwa.

Posakhalitsa asanabadwe, pamimba yaikazi imatenga mawonekedwe. Pakadali pano, ndibwino kuti musayike chiopsezo ndikuyika chikazi pamalo apadera, apo ayi kubadwa kudzachitika mu malo azisamba wamba, ndipo mwachangu adyedwa. Pobala, ndikofunikira kukonzekera jig yapadera. Itha kukhala: yaying'ono yaying'ono yokhala ndi tinthu tambiri ta mbewu, thanki ya pulasitiki kapena mtsuko wama lita atatu okha.

Ndimagwiritsa ntchito thanki ya pulasitiki yama lita asanu ndi limodzi yokhala ndi chivindikiro chotseka pakubadwa kwa Pecilia ndi Swordsmen. Kuchuluka kwa thankiyo kumakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa okosijeni m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ngati kubereka kungachedwe, ndipo chivundikirocho chimalepheretsa mzimayi kutuluka mwangozi mu tank.

Ndimakongoletsa thankiyo ndi mayi wapakati ndi chikwama cha opaque. M'mawa ndi madzulo ndimatsegula phukusi ndikuwunika: ngati kulibe kubereka, ndimadyetsa chachikazi ndikumanganso thanki. Pambuyo pobala, yaikazi imabwezedwera ku aquarium yayikulu, ndipo mwachangu zimasinthidwa ndikukula mu aquarium.

Momwe mungakwatire

Monga tanena kale, Pecilia ndi nsomba zowoneka bwino. Ndiye kuti, umuna wa mazira, komanso kubereka mwachindunji kwamphongo kumachitika mkati mwa mkazi. Nthawi imeneyi ingatenge masiku 28 mpaka 40.

Kutulutsa kumatha kuchitika kangapo pachaka. Wamanyazi mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amakonda kumata pagululo. Zitha kuwonekera pazidutswa 30 mpaka 80. Kwenikweni kudya zakudya zofanana ndi za akuluakulu.

Kutambalala kumatha kuchitika mu tanki la aquarium, komanso mosiyana. Kuchuluka kwa malo ena osungirako kuyenera kukhala osachepera 5-10 malita. Pa gawo lakufalitsa fecilli, pali njira zitatu.

• Njira yoyamba. Iye ndiofala kwambiri. Nsomba zimasamutsidwira kumalo ena osiyanasiyananso ndi malo omwe amapezeka wamba. Fry yomwe imawoneka idzakulidwa ndikusankha anthu abwino kwambiri. Omwe am'madzi ena amagwiritsa ntchito.
• Njira yachiwiri. Imatchedwa njira yodziyesera yokha. Poterepa, potillia onse amakhala ndi kubereka mu aquarium yomweyo. Koma apa muyenera kusamala kwambiri pamene mitundu ina ya nsomba imakhala mu dziwe, chifukwa imatha kuwononga mwachangu wobadwa yekha. Pankhani ya kuswana, oyandikana nawo oyipa ndi malupanga, ma guppu sadzakhala abwino kwambiri. Koma makadinala sangasokoneze kubereka kwathunthu.
• Njira yachitatu. Njira iyi ndizovuta kwambiri. Opanga nsomba azisungidwa payekhapokha powabzala m'miyeso ingapo yama 20-litre. Mu tanki iliyonse payenera kukhala zazikazi pang'ono kuposa zazimuna. Komanso, ma 50 l okonzera ndi ma aquarium angapo a 100 l a ana adzafunika. Padzakhala kugawanika kwa nsomba pansi. Mwachangu yemwe amabadwa amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse mwakugonana ndi mtundu. Anthu okhala ndi vuto losauka ayenera kutayidwa.

Zofunika!Njira ziwiri zoyambayo ndizoyenera kwa iwo omwe amangofuna kubereka. Ngati msodzi wa aquarist akufuna kuti azisangalatsa pecilia wooneka bwino, wokhala ndi utoto ndi mawonekedwe, ndiye muyenera kutengera njira yachitatu yobala.

Kuswana

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera kobereka komwe kumafunikira; izi zimachitika pokha ngati pali mkazi ndi wamwamuna.

Mwakutero, pali lingaliro loti kuli kovuta kusiya kufalitsa kwa Aperezi kuposa kuyamba.

Kuti akazi akhale ndi pakati nthawi zonse, wamwamuna mmodzi wamkazi wamkazi ndi wokwanira. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumakhala bwino chifukwa kumachepetsa mpikisano pakati pa abambo ndipo kumapereka mwayi kwa akazi kuti apumule kwa iwo.

Pecilia ndi viviparous, ndiye kuti, nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mwachangu omwe amatha kusambira. Amayi achikazi amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mimba yozungulira komanso malo amdima pafupi ndi anal fa.

Nthawi zambiri, Pecilia wachikazi amabereka masiku 28 aliwonse, kuchuluka kwa mwachangu ndi pafupifupi zidutswa 20 mpaka 40. Kubadwa kwa Pecilia ndikosavuta, ndikokwanira kubzala ndikuwonjezera mbewu ku aquarium. Pakadali pano, sizikufunika kusokonezedwa; ndibwino kuphimba galasi lakutsogolo ndi pepala.

Koma zindikirani kuti amadya mwachangu, ndipo kuti mudzapulumuke muyenera kudzala mbewu zambiri kapena kuwabzala mumbale ina.

Kusamalira mwachangu ndi kosavuta, chifukwa kumabadwa kwakukulu komanso kokhwima. Mutha kumudyetsa ndi dzira la mazira, chakudya chouma, chakudya chamtundu wa mwachangu.

Ngati kudyetsa kumakhala kochuluka komanso kuti madziwo ndi oyera, ndiye kuti patatha miyezi itatu, pecillia imayamba kukhwima.

Disk

Discilia pecilia imadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo amthupi omwe amapezeka posankha. Chifukwa cha kupindika kwa msana mu nsomba, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo nthawi zina kumachitika. Nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa. Discia discia imabadwa popanda kupindika. Zovuta zakuza. Bulamu imasiyana ndi mtundu wokhawo wokhudza mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi: ofiira kapena oyera.

Schwartz

Pecilia yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wobiriwira wakuda ndi chikaso chakuda.

Kupereka chilimbikitso kwa alendo ndikosavuta. Onaninso za momwe nsomba zimakhalira mukadyetsa, magulu onse akakumana pansi pamadzi kuti amwe chakudya. Mtundu uyenera kukhala wowala, machitidwe - ogwirira ntchito. Chitaninso nsomba nthawi ndi nthawi.

Zosankha zamtundu

Pecilia amadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wabwino munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Nsomba zidzafunika:

1. Ma aquarium akuya ndi chivundikiro. Awiri payekha amamva bwino m'madzi okwanira 20 malita.
2. Madzi okhala ndi pH mtengo wa 7-8 (wosatenga mbali, wamchere pang'ono), 9- d d (kuuma kwapakatikati), kutentha 22-25 madigiri.
3. Kuyatsa kusunga mbewu ndikuwongolera kusintha kwa tsiku.
4. Kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira. Amadziwika kuti nsomba zimapulumuka popanda zida zowonjezera, koma kwa moyo wathunthu ndizofunikira.

Makonzedwe a Aquarium

Chosungira ndichofunika:

1. Dothi limakhala lakuda bii, pomwe nsomba zimawoneka bwino.
2. Zomera kwambiri. Kwa oyamba kumene, njira yokhala ngati elodea kapena riccia yoyandama ndiyoyenera.
3. Malo okhala ndi malo okongola. Pecilia ndi nsomba zokuda zomwe zimakonda kubisala ndikuphunzira malo.

Chisamaliro chapadera chimaphatikizapo:

1. Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse ndi 20-30%,
2. kuwunika momwe maonekedwe ndi nsomba,
3. kudyetsa katatu pa tsiku,
4. mankhwala ophatikizira ndi zakudya,
5. Kuyeretsa Siphon kamodzi pa sabata.

Kufalikira

Nthawi yofalikira imayamba miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Mimba yozungulira komanso malo amdima mkati mwa anal fin imasonyezera kukhala ndi pakati. Onjezerani kudyetsa kwaikazi mpaka katatu patsiku. Nsomba zimabereka ana masiku 8-10, kubala 50 mwachangu. Musanabadwe, ikani mayi pakati pamadzi am'madzi kapena mumtsuko wina, kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mtendere. Onjezani mbeu kuchokera ku aquarium wamba. Kubala ana kumachitika mobwerezabwereza mwezi umodzi.

Mwachangu

Mu nsomba za viviparous, mwachangu amawoneka okhwima komanso odziimira pawokha. Makolo amadya ana, motero ndibwino kuti azitha ana achichepere kapena kuti azipeza malo okhala kumadzi. Nsomba zazing'ono zimafunika madzi oyera. Dyetsani nsomba zadothi:

1. dzira yolk
2. chakudya chowuma
3. chakudya chapadera cha mwachangu,
4. wopanga chitoliro.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mwachangu amasinthidwa kudyetsa akuluakulu, ndipo patatha miyezi itatu adabzala m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana mwakugonana.

Malangizo

1. Ngati kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso kumachitika, nthawi yomweyo chotsani chakudya chochuluka ndi ukonde ku aquarium.
2. Mukamagula chakudya cha nsomba, werengani mofatsa za nthawi yomwe zidzathe ndi malo osungira. Pewani chakudya cholemera.
3. Mukamaweta nsomba, sankhani nsomba zamtundu umodzi, kuti mbewu yake ikhale yolimba.
4. Mukatulutsa, muzikumbukira kuti ana ambiri amapezeka. Samalani ndikukhala ndi aquarium yayikulu.
5. Mukamagula ziweto m'sitolo, yang'anirani nsombazo mosamala. Sayenera kuwonetsa zizindikiro za kudwala.
6. Muyenera kukhazikitsa nsomba zatsopano m'madzi pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba ikani chikwama mu aquarium kwa theka la ora, ndiye kuthira madzi am'madzi mu chikwama chonyamula. Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani madzi a aquarium.

Pecilia ndi nsomba yokongola komanso yosasamala yomwe ndiyabwino kwa oyamba kumene. Chochititsa chidwi: ngati mikhalidwe yokhala osungidwa isintha kwambiri, ndiye nsomba zimasintha kugonana. Chifukwa chake, chachikazi chimakhala chachimuna.

Gulu

Pali mitundu yambiri ya pecilia, ambiri aiwo omwe alembedwa mu chithunzi. Chifukwa chake, timalemba mitundu pansipa:

Zodyetsa

M'madziwe, nsomba zimadya algae, tizilombo. Ndipo ziweto zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chilichonse. Koma musaiwale kuti m'zakudya muyenera kukhala ndi zakudya ndi CHIKWANGWANI, mwachitsanzo, masamba a spirulina kapena zukini otsekemera ndi madzi otentha, nkhaka, apo ayi amadya mbewu kuchokera kwa anthu okoma kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chakudya cha mmera chofunikira pakugwirira ntchito koyenera kwa chimbudzi. Kuchokera pazakudya zamagulu, perekani zokonda zamagazi, brine shrimp, komanso coronet.

M'mikhalidwe yofunika kusunga ndi momwe mungasamalire

Ma Aquariums ochokera ku 40l ndi oyenera kusunga pecilia; ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kokulirapo, ndiye kuti ndibwino. Pakati pawo, nsomba sizimenya nkhondo, pokhapokha ngati mkazi ali m'masiku omaliza a mimba ndipo amatha kukhala wankhanza kwa amuna. Zikhala ndi mtundu wa akazi. Mwachitsanzo, 1 wamwamuna ndi wamkazi 2-3.

Sabata iliyonse, muyenera kusintha 20% yamadzi. Kuti mukhale momasuka mu aquarium muyenera kukhazikitsa fyuluta ndi chowongolera.

Chithunzi: imagwirizana bwino ndi mphaka

Omwe amagwirizana ndi

Pecilia imatha kusungidwa mu aquarium wamba. Amtendere, sangakhudze aliyense. Komabe, oyandikana nawo amatha kukhala ma mollies, malupanga, malupanga, makonde, ndiko kuti, ofanana. Nsomba zina zazing'ono zamtendere, monga zebrafish, ndizoyeneranso kugawana.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungayikitsire agulugufe am'madzi amodzi mwaizinyama. Sadzakhoza kudzisamalira okha ndipo atha kuvulazidwa kapena kudyedwa.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire wamwamuna ndi wamkazi

Mukapenda nsomba mozama, mudzazindikira kuti zazikazizo zimakhala ndi mimba, mtundu wowoneka bwino komanso kukula kwake ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Chochititsa chidwi china ndi kukhalapo kwamphongo mwa cholengedwa chaching'ono cholochedwa cha gonopodia. Ma anal fin aakazi ndiotakasa, monga chithunzi pansipa:

Chithunzi: Pecilia wachikazi mu nthawi yoyembekezera

Zambiri

Pecilia radish - nsomba yokhala ndi dzina loseketsa, yoperekedwa chifukwa cha obereketsa. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe apadera, omwe ali ndi mtundu wakuda wamala. Ziphuphu zina zimakhala ndi maziko amdima. Thupi la radish limatha kukhala lofiira kapena mitundu ina.

Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupirira, kotero zomwe sizimabweretsa zovuta kwa mwini wake.

Tricolor

Mitundu yamitundu itatu imakula mpaka kutalika kwa 7 cm, ndipo imafunikira malo osachepera 40 malita. Pecilia iyi ili ndi zambiri zosavuta, koma nyamazo zimafunikira kunyamula masamba amoyo ambiri, momwe nsomba zimamvako zotetezeka.

Makalidwe a wokhala kumwera ndi multicolor, pali zosankha zingapo: chikasu chobiriwira komanso chamtambo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yakuda, lalanje ndi wachikasu.

Kupaka utoto nsomba zinali zowala bwino komanso zowonjezereka, chakudya chamoyo chimayambitsidwa m'zakudyazo.

Maulendo oyenda panyanja

Kuyenda bwino kwambiri pamadzipo kunali ndi dzina chifukwa cha ndalama yayikulu, yomwe imawoneka ngati bwato. Mtundu wa phenotype umakula kutalika kuyambira 4 mpaka 10 cm. Mtundu wa nsomba ukhoza kukhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: chokoleti, siliva, mawanga, chikasu. Mu aquarium, imasungidwa m'magulu apakati, imasiyanitsidwa ndi zochitika ndi kuyenda. Ngati chindapusa chili pansi, ndiye kuti china chake chalakwika ndi chiwetocho.

Adzakhala owala

Mitundu yoyang'ana ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yamtchire, mitundu ndi kukula. Nsombazo zimakula kutalika mpaka 6 cm, thupi lalikulu kumbuyo ndi lalanje, lokhala ndi mawanga amdima komanso mchira. Achiberekero amakonda kubereka moimira iwo enieniwo omwe amapezeka, ndikupeza nsomba zambiri zosiyana ndi mitundu yowala.

Pakukonza patchilium yokhala ndi mawanga, thanki yokhala ndi malita 60 ofunika ndiyofunikira, popeza phenotype imakonda malo ndikuyenda.

Wachikasu

Nsomba zachikaso zimakhala ndi utoto wowala, wonyezimira wa dzuwa, pomwe zipsezi zimapaka utoto wofiirira komanso zowonekera kumapeto. Kutalika kwake, ziweto zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa zazikazi, ndipo amasiyana mtundu wakutalika kwa ndalama za caudal. Nsomba za solar sizifuna mikhalidwe yapadera, mtundu wa phenotype ndiwosazindikira komanso umakhala ndi machitidwe osangalatsa.

Neon

Pecilia neon (utawaleza) ndi nsomba yokhala ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa mthupi: mamba owoneka bwino okhala ndi mitundu yamtambo ndi ya buluu, omwe amasintha zomwe zimawonekera mukayatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Maluso a caudal ndi zoyambira za zipse zina nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda bii. Nsomba za utawaleza za Neon zimakonda sukulu, choncho muyenera kuzidzaza ndi gulu la nsomba zosachepera 6-8.

Wosokerera wakuda

Pecilia wofiira wakuda-wokhala ngati wakunja akufanana ndi malupanga, ndipo ndi kholo la mitundu yambiri ya Peciliae. Maluso a caudal a phenotype ndi akuda amoto, ndipo thupi limakhala lofiira kapena chikasu. Kuti ziweto zisataye kuchuluka kwa ma toni, akatswiri odziwa zanyanja amalimbikitsa kudyetsa nsombazo kukhala chakudya. Pecilia wakuda-wakuda kutalika amafika masentimita 12, wachangu komanso wamphamvu.

Mickey Mouse

Pecilia Mickey Mouse adadzipangira dzina lokondweretsa chifukwa cha mtundu wake: mawanga amdima pamphepete mwa nsomba yokhala ngati nsomba imafanana ndi zopondera mbewa. Thupi la Pecilia Mickey Mouse limatha kukhala lalanje kapena siliva pamtundu, zipsepse zamkati zimawonekera, ndipo zipsepse zachikasu ndi chikaso. Mtunduwu umatsogolera mayendedwe amoyo, motero ndibwino kutulutsa nsomba zisanu ndi imodzi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mokhazikika nthawi imodzi.

Tuxedo

Pecilia tuxedo ndi nsomba yamtundu wamtambo wamtambo wokongola mawonekedwe ake komanso wochezeka. Kumbuyo ndi m'mimba mwa phenotype ndi siliva, ndipo mbali zake zimaponyedwa mu tint yamtambo. Kutalika, ziweto zimakula mpaka 10 cm.

Tuxedo nthawi zambiri amawoloka ndi mitundu ina, chifukwa zotsatira zake ndi nsomba zokongola komanso zachilendo.

• kuuma - 8-25 dH,
• acidity - 7.5-8 pH,
• kutentha - 20-25C.

Madzi amakonzedwanso sabata iliyonse, ndikusintha 1/3 ya voliyumu. Aeration imakhala yodziyimira, pomwe aerator amayenera kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Zowunikira zimayikidwa modekha poika mababu pamwamba pa dziwe.

Monga dothi, akatswiri am'madzi amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena mitsinje ya kachigawo kakang'ono, pomwe gawo lapansi limasankhidwa mumtundu wakuda - amathandizira nsombayo mopindulitsa kwambiri. Masamba amabzalidwa amoyo, onenepa komanso ofala, chifukwa phenotype amakonda kubisala m'nkhalango. Posambira, siyani malo abwino kutsogolo. Mitundu yotsatirayi yazomera ndiyabwino kwambiri:

• Wallisneria
• mango,
• chuma,
• salvinia
• nyanga
• echinodorus,
• Elodea.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Nsomba za Pecilian ndizosasamala kwambiri m'zakudya zawo, ndipo amasangalala kudya mitundu yonse ya chakudya. Ndikofunika kuti kudyetsaku ndikwabwino, komanso kumakhala ndi chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi mbewu komanso chakudya chamoyo: daphnia, mikwingwirima yamagazi, ma rotifers, ndi tibu. Ziweto zimadyetsedwa kawiri patsiku, kuchuluka kwa servings kumatsimikiziridwa motere: chakudya chimatsanuliridwa m'madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa m'mphindi 10 zidzakhala kuchuluka kwa wotumikira. Zotsalira za chakudya chosungira zimachotsedwa, kuti zisapangitse chiwopsezo cha mabakiteriya oyipa. Kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse, amakonza tsiku losala kudya ziweto zawo, akumadyetsa zakudya zokha m'mawa.