Gulugufe kabichi zoperekedwa ndi asayansi ku banja la azungu. Mapiko ake akutsogolo ali ndi zisonyezo zochepa - pafupifupi masentimita atatu kwa zazikazi zazikuru, ndipo kwa amuna mapikowo sangafike pa manambala. Nthawi zambiri, mapiko a akazi ndi oyera ndipo ndi madontho okha omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi maziko owala.

Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu a agulugufewa ndi matanga akuda kumapiko a akazi, komabe, amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi malo awa alibe. Akatseka mapiko awo, agulugufewa sawoneka bwino kwa ena, chifukwa mapikowo amakhala ndi tintchimaso kumbuyo.

Kabichi ndiofala m'maiko onse a Kum'mawa kwa Yuropu, ndipo amathanso kuwoneka ku North Africa, madera a Asia mpaka Japan. Zoyesa kabichi zinayambitsidwa ngakhale ku South America.

Chithunzi chithunzi cha kabichi cha gulugufe

Chikhalidwe komanso moyo wa kabichi

Kabichi ndi tizilombo tomwe timagwira bwino ntchito. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mitengo ndi malo okumbika, m'minda ndi malo osungirako nyama, lamba wamtchire, m'misewu. Apa zimakopeka makamaka ndi mbewu zochokera ku banja lopachika, lomwe limamera zakutchire kapena kulimidwa ndi anthu.

About kabichi gulugufe Amati ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chonsecho, ngakhale sizowona konse - akulu amachita zabwino zambiri kuposa kuvulaza.

Mutha kuwona kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito kabichi kuyambira Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Nyengo yomwe gulugufe amakhala amakhala imakhudza mawonekedwe a mphutsi - kuchokera ku kabichi amatha kuwoneka kuchokera kwa ana awiri kapena atatu.

Zojambulidwa ndi mbozi ndi mphutsi za kabichi

Ntchentche za kabichi ndizogwira ntchito makamaka masana, zimawuluka kwambiri masiku otentha pomwe kutentha kumatentha. Nthawi yomweyo, agulugufe sakonda mphepo zamphamvu, chifukwa chake amakonda kukhala komwe malo amatetezedwa ndi mpweya.

Kufotokozera kwa Kabichi Gulugufe

Malinga ndi gulu laanthu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi a ankalamulo a Eukaryotes, gulu la Tizilombo, mtundu wa Arthropods. Gulugufe wa kabichi ndi membala wa banja la a Belyanok. Kufalikira Kwambiri Kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Africa. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa chokonda kabichi kwambiri. Komabe, tizilombo timeneti timayambitsa mbewu zina.

Kuzindikira tizilombo ndi kosavuta:

• Whitefish kabichi ili ndi thupi lakuda, mapiko anayi.
• Makamaka ali ndi mtundu woyera. Zachikazi ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zachimuna - azimayi ali ndi mawanga akuda pamapiko awo.
• Mapiko a akazi amatha kufikira masentimita 6, mwa tizilombo amphongo chiwerengerochi sichochepa.
• Pa mphutsi, thupi limakhala ndi lingaliro labwino kwambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'tsogolo timakhala moyandikana.
• Zimbudzi za gulugufe zili ndi mtundu wonyezimira, pali mikwingulo yoyera yomwe ili m'thupi lonse. Mwambiri, kukula kwa mboziyi kumafika masentimita 2-3.

Gulugufe wa kabichi ndi tizirombo zazikulu.

Zowonjezera! Kunja, imatha kusokonezedwa ndi chithunzi chachikazi, komabe, mukapenda mosamala, kusiyana kumatha kuzindikirika. Kuphatikiza apo, kabichi ndi yayikulu kukula.

Amuna pachimake cha mapiko akutsogolo ali ndi zilembo zakuda pamphumi yakutsogolo ndi madontho akuda pakati. Pamphepete mwa kutsogolo kwa mapiko a kumbuyo, malo amodzi owoneka ngati chibonga amadziwika.

Amuna, nsonga za mapiko akutsogolo nawonso ali ndi utoto, koma mulibe mawanga; pamapiko akumbuyo, mbali inayo, pali malo amodzi.

Kuuluka, kabichi yoyera imayenda mosasunthika, ikamatera, nthawi yomweyo mapiko ake. Chifukwa cha mtundu wachikasu cha kumunsi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitingadziwe ndi mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kupezeka m'minda ndi ma mayadhi.

Thupi la kachiromboka ndi lozungulira, lalitali lokhala ndi miyendo itatu. Zovala zimatha ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe tizilombo timene timasungidwa pazomera. Komabe, ma pawokha nawonso amakhala ofooka, ndizovuta kuti gulugufe asunthe ndi thandizo lawo, kotero nthawi zambiri limawuluka.

Maso akuluakulu okhala ndi mutu umakhala pamutu, mawonekedwe am'manjayo ndi fungo lake zimapangidwa kwambiri, motero zimapezeka mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Zingwe zazitali koma zimathandiziranso kuzindikira maluwa a kabichi.

Mu gulugufe wachikulire, thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, mzere wachikaso watatu umaonekera bwino kumbuyo ndi m'mbali.

Ndizosangalatsa! Wamaluwa wopanda nzeru pazifukwa zina amakhulupirira kuti kabichi ndi cholakwika chomwe chimadya kabichi. M'malo mwake, ndi gulugufe, ndipo zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe zimagwera mbozi zake.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kubereka

Mayi wa kabichi amakhala nthawi yachisanu ku pupae. Kulunda kwa gulugufe kumachitika mobisa. Mu Epulo - Meyi, nyengo ikakhala yotentha komanso yosalekeza, tizilombo timayamba kutuluka. Gulugufe amaikira mazira pamasamba a kabichi kapena mbewu zina za banja lopachikidwa ndi udzu. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono titha kugona ndi mphutsi pafupifupi 300, koma ngati zinavomera, chiwerengero cha mazira achikasu owumbika m'makola amatha kukulira mpaka 600.

Pakapita kanthawi, maonekedwe a mbozi amapezeka, amakhala ndi utoto wowala, thupi likutalika masentimita 4, ali ndi miyendo 16. Pang'onopang'ono, mtunduwo umasintha kukhala wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira-wobiriwira, madontho achikaso ndi wakuda amawoneka.

Mbozi ya mbozi ikafika paukalamba, imasiya masamba ndikuyamba kupita kum nthambi, matabwa, mpanda. Kugundana kwachiwiri kumachitika kumeneko, pambuyo pake pupa imasandulika kukhala gulugufe wamadzi kwathunthu. Tizilombo tikuwononga minda ndi minda yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Yang'anani! Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi gulugufe wa kabichi amakhala nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbozi ndi masabata angapo; gulugufe wamkulu, atatembenuka ku chrysalis, amakhala kwa masiku pafupifupi 30, akumapitiliza kubereka pafupipafupi.

Gulugufe wamphongo amadya timadzi tokongola tambiri tokhala ndi maluwa, omwe amatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito phenoscis. Zomera zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi izi:

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mazira kumachitika ndi kachilombo pa mbewu zopachika, koma amakonda kabichi. Mphutsi ndi mbozi zimakonda masamba amtunduwu, poyamba zimadziphatika, ndipo chakudya chikatha, zimasilira chomera chotsatira.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kabichi imatha kudya adyo, ndipo kukoma kwawo ndi kosiyanasiyana. Zomera zamphaka zimakhala ndi kukoma ndi kununkhira bwino, komwe kumakopa tizilombo. Zikhalidwe zina za tizilombo sizosangalatsa, ndibwino kufa ndi njala.

Kuopsa kwa gulugufe wa kabichi pachikhalidwe

Munthawi yotentha, gulugufe amatha kukhala ndi mibadwo iwiri, kum'mwera ngakhale atatu. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono titha kuyambitsa mavuto m'munda ndi m'munda. Komabe, gulugufe weniweniyo ndiotetezeka ku mbewu zakumidzi. Ndi mbozi zomwe zimawononga mbewu.

Pazakudya, tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito masamba a kabichi ndi mbewu zina zopachika - ma turnips, radishes, mpiru, horseradish. Tsoka ilo, ngati palibe njira zomwe zikutsatidwa nthawi, gulu la mbozi limatha kuwononga pafupifupi mbewu yonse.

Komabe, sizomera zokha zomwe zingakhudzidwe. Tizilombo toyera ta kabichi timabisalira zinthu zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse mkwiyo pakhungu. Nthawi zina, kufa kwa nkhuku mutadya tiziromboti kumadziwika.

Kabichi: Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu

Kabichi kapena kabichi yoyera, chithunzi

Kabichi (Pieris bricae) ndi gulugufe wa banja la azungu (Pieridae).

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikokulira. Mapiko akufika mpaka 55-60 mm.

Kabichi imakhala ndi mtundu woyera, wophatikizidwa ndi mawanga amdima pansi. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya kabichi yoyera ndi kukhalapo kwa malo akuda owoneka pamwamba pa mapiko akutsogolo. Mapiko apansi achikasu ndi masikelo akuda.

Akazi a kabichi amakhala ndi miyambo yogonana: zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zamphongo, kuwonjezera apo, zimakhala ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.

Katakata Moyo Wazo

Zaka za agulugufe zimayamba masika. Madzi oyera a kabichi amayendetsa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, gulugufeyu amagwira ntchito kwambiri masiku otentha ndi otentha, salola kuti kukhale mphepo.

Kutentha kwambiri kwa kabichi ndi 20-25 ° C.

Gulugufe amabala mu Julayi-August. Pambuyo umuna, zazikazi zimayikira mazira pansi pa tsamba m'magulu a 20-200 ma PC. Fecundity kabichi ukufika mazira 300.

Mazira a kabichi ndi mtundu wachikasu wachikhatuni. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 1.2 mm. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mbozi zimawonekera kuchokera ku mazira.

Mphutsi zoyera kabichi zimakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga ndi madontho akuda, komanso mikwaso yachikaso. Kutalika kwa mboziyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 3.5. Poyamba, mphutsizo sizimayenda ndipo zimagwirana. Amadyetsa mnofu wakunja kwa masamba. Pakapita kanthawi, mbozizo zimakwawa pamtengowo ndikudya masamba ake. Ngati mbozi zazing'ono zimakonda masamba am'munsi mwa masamba, ndiye kuti achikulire amakonda kumtunda.

Kabichi mbozi molt kanayi. Gawo laphokoso limatha kupitilira milungu iwiri kapena inayi, kutengera nyengo. Pambuyo pake mboziyo imalumikizidwa ndi lamba wa ulusi wa silika ku gawo (miyala, mitengo, zitsa, mipanda) ndikusintha kukhala chrysalis.

Pupae ali ndi mtundu wachikasu ndi chikaso. M'mphepete ndi kumbuyo kumakhala ndi madontho akuda. Pupae nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo, mipanda, makoma amnyumba, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamasamba kabichi. Gawo la ana limatenga pafupifupi masiku 10-15. M'mikhalidwe yovuta nyengo, mbozi zamibadwo yamalimwe zimatha kubala pupae; zimamaliza kukula kwawo nyengo yachisanu ikatha.

Achinyamata ali ndi mutu wakuda, achikulire ali ndi malo owala.

Kukula kwa mbadwo wachiwiri kumachitika ngati woyamba sanawonongeke. Kumagawo akum'mwera mpaka mibadwo isanu ndi itatu ya kabichi imatha kukhazikika mu nyengo imodzi.

M'madera akumwera, m'badwo woyamba umawonekera mu Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, komanso kumpoto - kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Mbadwo wachiwiri ukukulira kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.

Kupewa ndi kuwongolera

Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndichomwe chakhazikitsidwa ndi nthawi yake. Ngati mazira apezeka pachomera, njira zoyenera ziyenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zomera zochepa zimatha kuthandizidwa ndikuchotsa mazira azira.

Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizaponso izi:

• Chotsani zomangira m'matumba amatabwa ndi mipanda ndi ndege yamphamvu.
• Musalole kuti maudzu opachikika akhazikike mwamphamvu pamabedi, achotseni nthawi.
• Mabedi okhala ndi mbewu zopachikidwa bwino amapezeka patali kwambiri kuti asakopeke ndi tizirombo.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakonda kununkhira kwa marigolds, valerian, mankhwala a mandimu.
• Mbande za kabichi ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi agrofibre yapadera kuti agulugufe asamayikire mazira.
• Kaloti, parsley ndi katsabola ndizokongola kwa adani achilengedwe a kabichi, motero ndibwino kubzala mbewu zopingasa pakati.
• Mabedi oyandikira kabichi amakopa tizirombo kwambiri, osati agulugufe okhaokha a kabichi.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'ana masamba a mbewu kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake.
• Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala.

Mwachilengedwe, pali adani achilengedwe a kabichi. Wokwerapo wamkulu ndi Apanteles. Uwu ndi mtundu wa mavu omwe ndi majeremusi a mbozi ndipo amayikira mazira m'thupi lawo. Zotsatira zake, imfa ya 80% ya tizilombo imadziwika. Ndiye wokwera amene amathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa agulugufe mwachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kabichi imatha kukhala chakudya cha kafadala ndi akangaude.

Njira zachikhalidwe zothanirana ndi kabichi ya gulugufe

Pali njira zambiri zothandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyesa njira za anthu. Pali mitundu yambiri yamalamulo yopangira ndalama:

• Tengani ofanana kuchuluka kwa burdock, yarrow ndi chowawa. Sakanizani bwino ndikuthira osakaniza ndi madzi otentha mu gawo la 1/3. Pambuyo masiku awiri, kulowetsedwa kumasefedwa ndikuwathandizira ndi mbewu.
• Mu 3 malita amadzi, botolo la tinamwino valerian limasungunuka. Njira yothetsera vutoli imathandizidwa ndi mbande za kabichi, fungo ndilosasangalatsa kwambiri kwa tizilombo ku gawo lililonse la chitukuko.
• Nthambi za pine ndi ma cones omwe ali ndi 200 g brew 2 malita a madzi otentha. Siyani kwa sabata kuti mukakamize. Njira yotsirizidwa imasefedwa, kusungidwa mufiriji. Pakakonzedwa, kapu ya kulowetsedwa imasungunuka mu malita 10 amadzi.
• Sopo ndi phulusa ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri tamavuto. Kuchokera kabichi amathandizanso. Hafu ya kilogalamu ya phulusa imakonzedwa m'milita 10 yamadzi, yosakanizidwa bwino, ndikusiyidwa kwakanthawi. Pakani madzi owonekera mumbale ina, onjezerani supuni ziwiri zazikulu za sopo wamadzi. Chipangizocho chimakonzedwa ngati mbewu.

Pali njira zambiri zothandizira wowerengeka, ndikulimbikitsidwa pakupanga kuti mosamalitsa muwone kuchuluka ndi kulemera kuti asawononge chikhalidwe.

Zowonjezera! Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira zina zowongolera zimagwira ntchito pokhapokha patizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Mankhwala

Ngati wowerengeka azitsamba alibe mphamvu, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kutembenukira ku mankhwala. Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kusankha njira zotetezeka - njira zowongolera. Samavulaza mbewu ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo toopsa. Ndikofunika kulabadira mankhwala monga Fitoverm, Lepitocide.

Komabe, m'malo akulu ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda zamapangidwe akuluakulu - Karbofos, Aktellik. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo, ndipo mbewuzo zimakonzedwa pokhapokha pamapepala.

Kudziwa zomwe zimavulaza mayi wa kabichi, ndikofunikira kuchita zodzitetezera panthawi yake kuti tikule bwino bwino. Kuti muthane ndi tizilombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira za anthu, ngati pangafunike, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe amakonzedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo. Kubzala mbewu zoyenera zamtundu womwewo, komanso kubzala maluwa omwe mtsikana wa kabichi sakonda, kungathandizenso kupewa tizirombo.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Lepidoptera ndi wa banja lalikulu la azungu, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu ya 1146, 91 genera. Dzinalo ladziko lonse lasayansi ndi kabichi yoyera (Latin Pieris coppericae). Kukula kwa achikulire kumasiyana kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 3.3 cm. Pankhaniyi, zazikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna. Mapiko akale ndi ochokera pa 5.1 mpaka 6,3 masentimita, ndipo omaliza kuchoka pa 4,9 mpaka 6.2 cm

Mtundu waukulu wa gulugufe ndi loyera kapena kirimu. Makona akunja a mapiko ali ndi m'mphepete mwamdima. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dontho limodzi lakuda pamapiko aliwonse akumbuyo. Mbali yamkati yamapikoyo ndi yobiriwira. Chifukwa chake, kuphukira kwa tinthu pamimba sikutha kuzindikira.

Pafupifupi thupi lonse la kabichi, lopangidwa ndi mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba, limakutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri. Gulugufe akakhala pa duwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri timene timakhala mungu. Chifukwa chake, kabichi yoyera imathandizira kuti mungu usanthule.

Chilombo chachikulu chimadyetsa mothandizidwa ndi phenoscis. Nthawi zambiri imapindika ndikazungulira. Tizilomboti timawongola pokhapokha ngati timafuna maluwa. Ziwalo zoonera gulugufe ndi awiri ozungulira ndi maso akulu okwanira. Tactile ndi olodoory receptors amapezeka pa nsonga za tinyanga totalika.

Pali zikhadabo ziwiri pamiyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya gulugufe. Ndi chithandizo chawo, imatha kuchitika pamakungwa a mitengo. Nthawi yomweyo, kutsogolo kwa paws kumapangidwa bwino kabichi kotero kuti imatha kuwagwiritsa ntchito poyenda. Kabichi yoyera imayenda mosadukiza. Izi zimateteza mbalame, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mbalamezo zizigwira.

Monga chida choteteza komanso kuthawitsa adani omwe angafune, gulugufe amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wake. "Maubweya" wodziwikiratu sikuti ndi tizilombo tating'ono, komanso mphutsi ndi pupae.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa chakudyacho, mbozi ya kabichi imatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa (chifukwa chake ndi mafuta a mpiru omwe amakhala ndi zida za sulufule), zomwe zimawopsa mbalame zambiri.

Kuwona gulugufe woyera m'munda kapena maluwa, ambiri amadzazindikira kuti ndi kabichi. Komabe, sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse - kabichi wa gulugufe Ili ndi "kawiri" angapo ochokera kubanja lomwelo, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka.

Kwambiri, "msuwani" wake, womvera wamkazi, amafanana kwambiri ndi kabichi yoyera. Mapiko ake oyera nawonso ali ndi zikuni zakuda (yamphongoyo imakhala ndi mapiko, wamkazi amakhala ndi ziwiri), ndipo ngodya ya mapiko ake akuda ndi yakuda. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe achikazi ndi ochepa kwambiri - kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita 2 - 2.6 cm, ndipo mapiko - 4-5 cm.

Kunja kofanana ndi kabichi ndi bryukvennitsa. Amuna achimuna achikunja ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi azungu a kabichi, ngodya zam'mapiko akumwambawo zomwe zimapakidwa utoto wakuda. Komabe, mtanda waiwo sunatchulidwe (mwina ndi wa bulauni, imvi), ndipo mawanga nawonso samveka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mapiko am'munsi a gulugufewu ali ndi chikaso chachikasu, chobiriwira kapena chikasu. Mapiko a amuna ndi a 3.5 - 4 cm, kwa akazi - 1.8 - 2.6 cm.

Tizilombo tina tomwe gulugufe wamtundu wa kabichi ndi hawthorn. Mitundu yake ndiyofanana ndi kukula kwa kabichi yoyera (mapiko a 5 - 6.5 cm), koma palibe malo amdima pamapiko ake - yoyera ndi mitsempha yakuda yopyapyala.

Mutha kusokoneza kabichi komanso ndi azungu ambiri. Wotsirizanso amakhala ndi kachidutswa kwamdima pamapiko akumtunda. Komabe, ngodya zamapiko nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala. Gulugufeyu, nthawi zambiri, amatha kuwoneka poyera, masamba. M'mundamo, mosiyana ndi "maulendo awiri" awo, si alendo okhazikika. Mpaka pano, mtundu uwu wamadzi oyera umawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa osowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amaimira chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri kuposa ena onse.

Moyo & Habitat

Nthawi zambiri kabichi wa gulugufe m'minda ndi m'minda. Komabe, samamva bwino paliponse pamphepete mwa nkhalango, m'misewu, m'minda, m'mapaki ngakhale magawo omwe amakhala - komwe kuli magwero amagetsi oyenera.

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kukwera mpaka 20 metres, ndikufulumira kuthamanga mpaka 20 km / h kuthawa, samayenda mosavuta osati pakati pa minda, komanso amayenda kuchokera kumayiko ena mpaka kuwuluka kumayiko ena.

Poyamba, azungu a kabichi ankakhala ku Near East ndi Central Asia, komabe, malo amakono azilombozi adakula kwambiri. Masiku ano amapezeka paliponse kum'mawa kwa Europe (mpaka 62 ° N), ku North Africa, East Asia, Urals, kum'mwera kwa Siberia, Southern Primorye ngakhale Sakhalin.

Zotsatira za kudalirana kwa mayiko, mkati mwa 1800s, ma skits oyamba adawonekera kudera la North America. Choyamba, agulugufe "adazindikira" gawo la Canada (adayamba kuwoneka pano mu 1860), kenako adapita ku USA. Mu 1893, mtundu wa tizilombo titha kupezeka kale ku Hawaii.

Dziko lotsatira lomwe adasankha linali New Zealand (1930). Ndipo patapita zaka zochepa adatha kupezeka paliponse ku dera la Australia. Ku South America, tizirombo timangokhala ndi theka lachiwiri la XX century. Mwachitsanzo, ku Chile, "adakumana" nawo m'ma 1970.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti m'maiko ambiri mikhalidwe inali yabwino kwambiri pakupanga ndikukula kwa azungu a kabichi mwakuti kuchuluka kwawo kunawonjezeka mofulumira. Ndipo kuvulazidwa ndi tizilombo tapeza zochulukirapo.

Agulugufewa amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amakhala usiku wonse m'makoma, mipanda, ndi makungwa amitengo. Amakhala otakataka masiku otentha kwambiri. Amakonda kudikirira mvula m'malo obisika.

Sakonda azungu a kabichi amphepo zamphepo zamphamvu zam mphepo, chifukwa chake amayesa kusankha magawo opanda mphepo kuti akhale ndi moyo komanso kubereka. Ndege zazikulu za kabichi zazikulu zimayamba nthawi yamalimwe nyengo yotentha ikangolowa. Kutalika kwa ntchito ya gulugufe kuchokera pa Epulo mpaka pa 1 mwezi wa Okutobala.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Monga tizilombo tambiri, chitukuko cha gulugufe kabichi imakhala ndi magawo angapo motsatizana. Chifukwa cha azungu ambiri abichi, abambo sayenera kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna mnzake.

Pofuna kukopa chachikazi, yamphongo imachita fungo lamphamvu, lofanana ndi fungo la geranium. Asanayambe mwachindunji kukhwima, agulugufe awiri amayenda limodzi pafupifupi mita 100 (njira yachilendo ya chibwenzi ndi chibwenzi).

Zosangalatsa! Akazi onyenga amabisala kwa "anyamata" onse mu udzu. Apa akupinda mapiko ake ndikuwuluka. Ngati mwamunayo apeza chachikazi chobisika, iye amatsegula mapiko ake pang'ono kuti asalumikizane ndikupereka chizindikiro chokana (kukweza m'mimba mwake pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, wamwamuna wokwiyitsayo amachoka napita kukafunafuna mnzake.

Akakhwima, zazikazi zimayikira mazira. Gulugufe amaikidwa kumbali yamkati ya zida zopachika (nthawi zambiri, kabichi) pamazipanga, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mazira 15 mpaka 100 (pansi pazabwino ndi mpaka 200 zidutswa). Apa, mazira amatetezedwa bwino osati kuchokera ku zilombo, komanso ku mvula ndi kuwala kowala.

Asayansi atsimikizira kuti chomera cha kabichi ndi choyenera kumanga ndi kununkhira (munthawi yoyeserayi, tizilombo timayikira mazira pa mpanda wopanda mafuta ndi madzi a kabichi).

Zosangalatsa! Pakupita kwa zaka zambiri akuwunika, asayansi adawona mbali imodzi ya kabichi - siyimangoyikira mazira, koma kusamalira ana ake, kapena m'malo mwake, kuti ali ndi chakudya chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, chachikazi sichimayikira mazira pamasamba amenewo pomwe pali gulu lina la agulugufe. Amaganizira kuti kukhalapo kwa ndulu zakunja za kabichi kumazindikiranso ndi fungo.

Mazira a azungu a kabichi ndiwopangika okhala ndi nthiti zazitali. Mtundu wa mazirawa ndi wachikaso. Posakhalitsa, nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa masiku 6-8, mphutsi zimatuluka kuchokera mazira. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupeza zinthu zofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo tizilombo.

Poyamba kabichi gulugufe yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono. Komabe, pakudyetsa kosalekeza, kumachulukitsa kulemera, ndikusintha kukhala mbozi ya "olimba" kukula kwa 4 - 4.5 cm.

Ana agalu omwe amangotuluka kumene kuchokera kumazira amakanda khungu ndi mnofu masamba. Koma pang'onopang'ono kukonda kwawo kumawonjezeka, ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhoza kuwononga zobiriwira zamitundu yonseyo. Popeza kuchuluka kwa mphutsi, komanso kuchuluka kwawo, munthu akhoza kulingalira mosavuta zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa mbewu.

Ngakhale mphutsizo ndizochepa, zimagwira m'magulu akuluakulu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndikumanga. Koma akamakalamba, amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri komanso chakudya chomwe amafunikira. Chifukwa chake, amamwazika m'magawo ambiri.

Wamng'ono kabichi gulugufe imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira, womwe umalola kuti uphatikizane ndi pepala lomwe amakhala. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha mitundu itatu ya utoto yomwe ili m'thupi lake, mphutsi zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake, ndikusintha momwe akukhalira. Chifukwa chake, pakuwala kusiyira mboziyo "imasinthika", ndipo pamasamba akuda, imakhala ndi utoto wambiri.

Kukula, mphutsi zimasintha ndikusintha mtundu wake 4. Poyamba zimakhala zobiriwira ndimaso amdima. Mzere wachikasu umayenda m'mbali mwa thupi, ndipo wopepuka kumbuyo. Kenako mtundu waukulu wa mbozi wasintha kukhala wobiriwira. Mikwingwirima yachikatikati, kumbuyo, ndi malo akuda m'thupi amakhalabe.

Chimbudzi chimakutidwa kwathunthu ndi tinsomba tating'ono. Miyendo yake 16 yolimba imalola kuti azitha kuyenda mozungulira pepalalo kuti lisagwere. Nsagwada za chitin za mphutsi zimakhala ndi mtundu wa gnawing kapangidwe kake ndipo zimayenda mozungulira. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti alume ndi kutafuna ngakhale ulusi wolimba wolimba bwino.

Monga akuluakulu, mbozi zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, nawonso sakonda kuzizira (mvula yambiri) ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zoyenera kwambiri kuti zikule bwino ndi nyengo youma ndipo t + 20 + 25 ° С.

Koma mosiyana ndi agulugufe omwe amagwira ntchito masana, mphutsizi zimakhalapo usiku. Mokulira, iwo amadya kwambiri usiku, ndipo masana 'amapuma' pansi pa mutu wa kabichi, kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbalame ndi maso a anthu.

Nthawi ya mboziyi ndi milungu iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina imapitilira mpaka masiku 40. Zonse zimatengera chilengedwe. Akamakondedwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti zimachitika msanga. Mapeto ake, mphutsi zakonzeka kutulutsa.

Pupa la kabichi yoyera ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo wake. Munthawi imeneyi, satetezedwa ndi chilichonse ndipo sangabisike pachiwopsezo chomwe chingachitike. Chifukwa chake, kuti asunthire gawo lotsatira la chitukuko ndikusintha kukhala chrysalis, mbozi imafunafuna malo obisika kwambiri (uwu ukhoza kukhala chitsamba chapafupi, thunthu la mitengo, kapena mpanda kumbuyo kwa barani).

Atatenga ngodya yoyenera, imaphatikizika kolimba ndi ulusi wofanana ndi silika, kenako imayamba kuzimiririka ndikuyamba kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono. Pupa wa kabichi ndi wofanana ndi mbozi - mtundu womwewo wobiriwira wachikasu wokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono takuda. Maonekedwe ake ndi pang'ono pang'ono.

Pambuyo pa masabata 1.5 mpaka 2, chigamba cha nkhanuyo chimasweka, ndipo gulugufe watsopano amatuluka. Ngati magawo a ana amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo nyengo ikakhala kuti sikupitilira patsogolo, masamba a kabichi amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a pupa ndikumakhala mojambula mosinthika mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Poyamba, mapiko a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono “timakhala topepuka komanso lopotana, motero pang'onopang'ono timawatsegulira ndi kuwawiritsa padzuwa kwa maola angapo. Pafupifupi mapiko ake akamakula, gulugufe amakhala wokonzeka kubereka komanso kupitiliza kubereka. Kutalika kwa moyo wa kachilombo kakakulu ndi pafupifupi masiku 20. Pafupifupi, pamnyengo, ana awiri azaka za kabichi amatha kubadwa (m'malo otentha gawo lachitatu lachitukuko ndikothekanso).

Ndizosangalatsa! Mbadwo wachiwiri wa azungu a kabichi umaimira ngozi yayikulu kwambiri kumidzi ndi minda yamagulu. Cholinga chake ndikuti akulu oyambira masika ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito makamaka zomera zamtchire pomanga.

Masamba a maluwa nthawi imeneyo sanapangidwebe bwino kuti azidyetsa mphutsi zabwino. Koma ana a chilimwewo amakhazikitsa ana ake kale pa kabichi yolimba ndi mbewu zina zobzalidwa za banja lopachikidwa.

Kufotokozera kwamabotolo ndi mawonekedwe a mapikowo

Mphaka wa kabichi ndi woimira tsiku lililonse pabanja la azungu. Mapiko akutsogolo ali ndi kutalika kwa 25 mpaka 33 mm. Span - kuchokera 4.9 mpaka 6.2 masentimita mwa amuna, mwa akazi - mpaka 6.3 cm.

Mtundu wa mapiko a gulugufe wa gulugufe wamtundu wachikasu, utoto pang'ono pang'ono wakuda; mawanga pakona yakunja ndi pakati amapezeka pamapiko akutsogolo. Pa mapiko akumbuyo kumbuyo kuli mapale pakati, achikasu pansi.

Pakukhudza mapiko, mungu umaguluka kwa iwo, ndipo amasiya kutaya. Mungu wamapiko pawokha umayimiriridwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono yomwe imagona mwamphamvu pamapiko ndikuzungulira wina ndi mnzake, monga kuyika kwa matailosi. Pazifukwa izi, agulugufe amapatsidwa mitundu ya lepidopteran.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi bwino kupenda komanso kununkhiza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zitheke chomera chodziwika bwino. Pamutu, pafupifupi malo onse amakhala ndi maso. Masharubu amtunduwu ndiwotalikirapo ndipo ali ndi makulidwe kumapeto kwake, amenenso amatenga nawo gawo pakuzindikira mbeu zabwino.

Gulugufe amatulutsa mungu pamapiko ake, mungu wophukira. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti ndi zovulaza zokha, komanso zopindulitsa.

Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna. Mwa mkazi, pansi pa mapiko nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu, komwe amadziwika kwambiri m'badwo wachiwiri.

Kapangidwe

Gulugufe wa kabichi ali ndi thupi laling'ono lofanana, lofanana ndi la bug wa May. Zili m'madipatimenti atatu:

• pamimba,
• mutu,
• mabere okhala ndi zigawo zina.

Gulugufe amakhala ndi miyendo itatu, kumapeto kwa chilichonse kuli zipsera zakuthwa kwambiri zomwe zimawalola kukhala pamitengo ndi mbewu.

Monga agulugufe ena onse, kabichiyo amangokhala ndi nsagwada zochepa zamkati, zomwe zimatha kudula tsamba la kabichi.

Habitat

Belyanka amayimiridwa kwambiri ku Eastern Europe ndi North Africa. Pakalipano ku Asia komanso kum'mawa kwa Japan, komwe kumakhala kotentha. Mu 90s ya zaka zapitazi adawoneka ku Southern Primorye. Imapezeka ngakhale kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle. Kuli kwodziwika bwino kuti awa ndi anthu osamukira kwawo.

Ku Chile, South America ndi Panama, zidawonekera kokha chifukwa cha kudalirana kwa mayiko, ndiye kuti, adayambitsa. Komabe agulugufewa amapezekanso kumpoto, komwe sikotentha kwambiri.

Gulugufe wa kabichi amakonda kwambiri madera komanso m'mbali mwa nkhalango, malo osungirako malo ndi minda. Imakhala mizu yabwino m'miyamba yamtchire komanso komwe anthu amakhala, koma malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa opachika.

Zakudya Zamabati

Anthu samamvetsetsa Kodi kabichi ya gulugufe imadya chiyani?, ndikukhulupirira kuti imavulaza masamba a kabichi. Ngakhale zili choncho, gulugufeyu samangokhala ndi mitu yolimba yobiriwira, chifukwa masamba zana ndi maluwa omwe kabichi amadya ali pachakudya chake.

Bokosi la Gulugufe, chithunzi zomwe zimakonda kuwoneka pa kabichi, zimakonda kudya rutabaga, horseradish, turnip, kugwiriridwa, radish ndi radish. Gulugufe samanyalanyaza capers, nasturtium, mpiru ndi adyo.

Gulugufe kabichi wamwamuna

Ngati kabichi wa gulugufe, kalasi Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala pamutu wa kabichi, kenako timayamba kudya masamba mosalekeza, kuvulaza mitu yonse ya kabichi. Guttony wa gulugufe amatha kuchitira nsanje - m'maluwa ena, ndi kuwukira kwa azungu, mbewu zonse za kabichi zimatha.

Ngati pali mbozi zambiri, zimatha kunyamula eni ake angapo m'mitengo yachisanu. Maso opangidwa bwino ndi ziwalo zopanga thupi amathandizira ngati chakudya pa gulugufe. Ndi thandizo lawo kuti gulugufeyo amasiyanitsa bwino mbewu zomwe sizingakololedwe.

Maso ake amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la mutu wake ndipo amawona bwino, ndipo ma buluzi atali ndi nsonga zazitali amazindikira chomera china. Ndikofunika kulabadira zida zam'kamwa za mbozi ndi agulugufe. Amakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba za chitinous zomwe zimawalola kuluma ndi kutafuna zakudya zolimba, monga masamba kabichi.

Pathupi langa gulugufe kabichi gulugufe Lepidoptera, amatha kunyamula mungu, mwakutero kupukuta. Chifukwa chake, titha kudziwa kuti gulugufe wachikulire samangovulaza munthu, komanso amapindulitsa mungu wopanga mungu. Mapira omwe amadya mbewu za anthu amabweretsa mavuto.

Khalidwe la kabichi

Belyanka ndi tizilombo tothandiza kwambiri, amasamuka kwambiri. Kabichi wakhama kwambiri kuyambira Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ngati dera la kachilombo limakhala lotentha kokwanira, ndiye kuti limatha kubereka ana atatu pa nyengoyo.

Usiku, gulugufeyu sawuluka; amakhala wokhalitsa wanthawi zonse. Pamwamba la zochitika limachitika masiku otentha pomwe kulibe mvula. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sakonda nyengo yamkuntho.

Amakhulupirira kuti njenjete zimavulaza wamaluwa. M'malo mwake, akulu ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kuvulaza mungu wochokera mungu.

Gawo lachitukuko: kufotokozera

Gulugufe wa kabichi amakula chimodzimodzi monga tizilombo tonse tomwe timasintha mozungulira, zomwe zimachitika m'magawo anayi:

• dzira,
• mphutsi kapena mbozi,
• chidole
• wamkulu kapena wamkulu.

Asayansi m'zaka zapitazi adawona chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa cha tizilombo - gulugufe amasamala kwambiri ana ake. Yaikazi sikhala pamasamba pomwe mazira a munthu wina adayikirapo kale. Amaganiziridwa kuti gulugufe mwa kununkhira amazindikira kuti tsamba limakhala kale.

Gawo la dzira

Kukula kwa gulugufe kumatengera kutentha. Kutentha, nthawi zambiri kubereka kumachitika, kawirikawiri, kuyambira kawiri mpaka katatu.Poganizira izi, oviposition imatha kuchitika kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 200 kapena kupitirira. Clutch yoyamba imapangidwa pazomera zamtchire. Koma zomangira ziwiri ndi zitatu zokha zimatha kupangika pa mbewu zobzalidwa m'minda ya anthu otentha.

Caterpillar

Chingwe cha gulugufe wa kabichi chimawonekera kumapeto kwa sabata loyamba kapena lachiwiri, nthawiyo imatengera kutentha kwamlengalenga.

Kuyika mazira mu gulugufe kumayambira pa tsiku la 5-7 kuyambira tsiku loyamba la chilimwe. Amayika mazira achikasu m'magulu akulu. Kuti asavutike, gulugufe amawayika pansi pepalalo. Patsamba limodzi amatha kukhala mazira 300.

Mphutsi za mazira zimawoneka mwachangu, pafupifupi masiku 16. Ana amawoneka kwambiri ngati mphutsi.

Mboziyo imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wonyezimira komanso wakuda. Ali ndi utoto watatu: zobiriwira, zakuda ndi zoyera. Kutengera ndi komwe amakhala, mtundu wake umasintha pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ngati akukhala ndi masamba owala, ndiye kuti pigment imawala, mumdima. Akuluakuluwo amafikira masentimita 3.5.

Poyamba, mbambo zazing'onoting'ono zitangosungidwa, zimasungidwa pamulu ngati momwe zimakhalira ndikulima, mpaka zimakhala zolimba, ndipo pokhapokha zimangoluka. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala m'munsi mwa masamba ndipo amawadyera mwachangu.

Mphutsi zomwe zimaswa mochedwa, khalani pamwamba pa tsamba ndipo mutha kukwera mkati mwa mutu wa kabichi kapena phesi.

Gulugufe ali mu gawo launyamata kuyambira masiku 14 mpaka 40.

Kukula kwabwinobwino komanso kukula kwa mbozi kumafuna kutentha kwa madigiri a +20 mpaka +25. Ngati kuli kotentha kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale mvula yambiri, ndiye mphutsizi zimafa zochuluka.

Poll

Kodi gulugufe wa kabichi amawoneka bwanji mu gawo la ana? Mtunduwo uli pafupifupi wofanana ndi gulugufe - wobiriwira wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga akuda.

Atasinthira gawo la ana, mphutsiyo imakulungidwa ndi ulusi womwe umakumbukira za silika, ndipo umangomamatira pazomera.

Ngati kupindika mu chrysalis sikunachitike mochedwa, ndiye kuti gulugufe wabadwa posachedwa. Ngati kutentha kwa m'mlengalenga sikuloleza kusinthaku, ndiye kuti kachilombo kamalowa mchimodzimodzi ndi nyengo yozizira. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, tizilombo ngati izi zimayamba zaka kuchokera m'badwo woyamba.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, diapause ndi njira yolepheretsa kupangika kwa thupi pakhungu ndi kusintha kwa gawo la makanema oimitsidwa.

Pakadali pano, tizilombo timatha milungu ingapo. Munthawi imeneyi, pupa limasungunula kangapo, ndipo njirayi imatchedwa kusinthika kwathunthu.

Adani achilengedwe

Kuphatikiza pa anthu, gulugufe wa kabichi ali ndi mdani pakati pa tizilombo - kachilomboka. Tizilomboti timachita nkhanza. Akuika masamba ake mu coco la gulugufe. Zotsatira zake, gulugufe amadyedwa ndi chiphuphu. Zaka zina, imfa yayikulu ya agulugufe chifukwa cha kachilomboka idadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa anthu otere kumachitika chifukwa chakusamukira kwa tizilombo kuchokera kumadera ena.

Pafupifupi mbalame zonse sizisamala kudya agulugufe.

Kodi kabichi amadya chiyani?

Azungu a kabichi amadya zakudya za banja la opachikika: kabichi, radish, rutabaga, kugwiriridwa, radish, mpiru, mpiru, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kudya mbewu ndi mabanja ena, mwachitsanzo, Reseda, capers, nasturtium, etc.

Imago amadya maluwa a alfalfa, dandelion, ng'ombe, etc.

Kukhazikika kwa kabichi

Choyera cha kabichi chimafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Eastern Europe, North Africa, kum'mawa kwa Japan komanso madera otentha a Asia. Anamubweretsa ku Panama ndi ku Chile.

Katsamba kabichi imapezeka pafupifupi Russia, kupatula Far North.

Tizilombo timene timapezeka mu glade, meadows, m'minda, mapaki, komanso m'malo omwe mumakhala malo olimidwa.

Kodi mungachotse bwanji kabichi?

Pali njira zingapo zolimbana ndi kabichi wokhala ngati malaya: mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera, kupanga misempha, kuchiza msuzi wophika, kapena kubzala mbewu zonunkhira pafupi. Iliyonse ya njirazi ili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake.

Ngati m'mundamo mulibe mbewu zambiri za kabichi, ndiye kuti zili zokwanira kungoyerekeza njira zogwirira ntchito yolimbana ndi zinthu zina, koma ngati tizilombo tadzaza m'mundawo wonse, ndiye kuti mwina mankhwala atizilombo atha kutha.

Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opakidwa modziyimira pawokha kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amafunikira kuthiridwa mbewu ndi mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi m'mawa, popanda mphepo ndi mvula.

Ndikofunikira kukonza masamba bwino pansi, chifukwa ndi komwe mavu ndi mbozi zimapezeka.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Monga tanena kale, kukonzekera kwamankhwala ndi kowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa chake, akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala malinga ndi malangizo, komanso musaiwale kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera (magolovu, chigoba chamaso).

Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati masamba akupanga, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pakapita nthawi kumadzaza chifukwa chakuti poizoni wambiri umasonkhana muzomera.

Zithandizo zodziwika bwino motsutsana ndi kabichi ndi Kinmix, Iskra, Borey, Fufanon ndi ena.

Zachilengedwe

Zachilengedwe zimakhala zotetezeka. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yonse yomwe mukukula, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kusiyidwa pomwepo musanakolole.

Ma biologics otsatirawa ndi otchuka kwambiri: Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Baksin, Lepidocide, Actellik, etc.

Njira za anthu zopewera kabichi

Ubwino wa njira zodziwika bwino zowongolera ndizotetezeka komanso phindu, anthu ambiri amakonda kuthana ndi tizirombo mwanjira imeneyi.

Njira yosavuta komanso yachangu yochotsera kabichi ndikugwiritsa ntchito fumbi louma. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masamba a mbewu zopachika.

Misampha

Njira yosavuta yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa gulugufe ndikupanga misampha yokoma. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga mbale yokhazikika, kapu yotsatsira kapena kudula botolo la pulasitiki ndikuyika nyambo. China chake chotsekemera, monga jamu kapena madzi, ndioyenera nyambo. M'mbuyomu, mapiritsi ochepa a yisiti owotcha amayenera kuwonjezeredwa nyambo.

Msampha uyenera kuyikidwa pabedi kapena kanjira. Nthawi ndi nthawi msampha umayenera kutsukidwa, chifukwa tizirombo tambiri timadzakhala tambiri.

Zoyipa zamisampha ndikuti ntchentche za kabichi zokha sizigwera, komanso zina, kuphatikizapo zothandiza, tizilombo.

Maphikidwe a kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa

Njira yothandiza yochotsera kabichi ndikuwaza mbewu ndi kulowetsedwa mokonzekera.

Pansipa pali maphikidwe a msuzi wotsutsana ndi kabichi yoyera:

• 200 g a pine kapena nthambi za spruce, ma cones, singano kutsanulira 2 malita a madzi otentha. Kuumirira kwa sabata limodzi. Kupsyinjika, kuchepetsa malita 10 a madzi.
• Mu 10 l madzi otentha onjezerani 100 g wa ufa wa mpiru, kusiya kwa masiku angapo. Onjezani kulowetsedwa ndi madzi m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1.
• Ikani 800 g wa nsonga zatsopano zamatumbo zatsopano mu ndowa, onjezerani 10 l a madzi. Siyani kukakamira maola 3-4. Kupsyinjika, kuwonjezera 50 g sopo.
• Onjezerani supuni ziwiri za mchere ndi ndowa. Sungunulani mchere wonsewo.
• Sungunulani botolo la mankhwala valerian mu 3 malita a madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yomweyo mukakonzekera.
• 1/3 ndowa yodzaza ndi masamba osankhidwa a mandala, onjezerani madzi. Siyani kukapatsa kwa masiku 3-4.
• 1 makilogalamu a chowawa chowuma, kuwaza ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 15 m'madzi ochepa. Lolani msuzi kuti uzizire. Dilitsani ndi 10 l madzi.
• Sungunulani 50 ml ya ammonia mu 10 l madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yomweyo mukakonzekera.
• Kwa malita 10 amadzi, tengani 1 kg ya chamomile chowuma. Kuumirira kwa maola 12, kupsyinjika, kuwonjezera 20 malita a madzi ndi 100 g sopo.

Kodi kuteteza dimba ku kabichi?

Kabichi yoyera (kabichi). Chithunzi

Atangoyamba kumene chilimwe cha agulugufe pamalopo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbewu zonse zakutchire za banja lopachikidwa. Mbadwo woyamba wa mbozi za kabichi sungathe kuvulaza zobzala, koma ndi zomwe zimapanga m'badwo wachiwiri, womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Kuteteza dimba ku kabichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza mabedi ndi udzu wobiriwira ndi fungo linalake.

Kabichi simalola fungo la masamba a phwetekere, ngati mukufuna kuteteza kabichi ku tizilombo, ndiye kuti mubzale pafupi ndi tomato.

Musaiwale kukumba chiwembu chanyengo yachisanu kuti muchotseko kabichi ndi tizirombo tina tomwe tinapeza mwayi wozizira munthaka.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe malo obzala mbewu nthawi yachilimwe iliyonse.

Kabichi ili ndi adani achilengedwe:

• Pimple wokwera. Kuti tikope, mbewu za uchi zibzalidwe, ndipo zimalimbikitsidwanso kupewa mbewu zomwe zili ndi fungo labwino: chitsamba chowawa, tansy,
• mavu. Kuti musangalale, ingopopani mbewuzo ndi madzi okoma.

Kabichi ndi tizilombo tomwe titha kuyipitsa mbewu. Mukazindikira tizilombo, muyenera kuyamba kulimbana naye nthawi yomweyo.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Gulugufe

Dzinalo, lachi Latin ndi Russian, limanenanso kuti chomera chachikulu cha mphutsi ndi kabichi. Mapiko a Lepidoptera awa ndi oyera, omwe amawonekanso kuchokera ku dzinalo. Mkazi wa kabichi ali ndi abale ena awiri apamtima - repensa ndi periwinkle, ali ofanana maonekedwe, koma kabichi ndi wamkulu. Kukula kwake titha kufananizidwa ndi kuyera kwina, komanso mitundu yofananira, hawthorn, koma palibe chizindikiro chakuda pa icho.

Amakumana pafupifupi ku Europe konse, kumadera ena amasamukira. M'malo akumpoto, amakhala ochulukirapo pakati pa chilimwe chifukwa chosamuka kumadera akumwera. Maulendo ataliatali komanso osamukasamuka ambiri amtunduwu ndi atypical, popeza kulikonse komwe kuli chakudya chokwanira, koma amatha kuyenda mpaka 800 km.

Chosangalatsa: Mu Ogasiti 1911, Pulofesa Oliver adapita pachilumba chaching'ono cha maekala awiri ku Norfolk. Malo onsewo adakutidwa ndi kabichi yoyendera. Adagwidwa ndi masamba omata a chomera chosatetezeka. Chomera chilichonse chanthete kuchokera pa agulugufe anayi mpaka 7. Pulofesa wawo ataona, pafupifupi onse anali adakali moyo. Anayerekezera kuti anthu pafupifupi 6 miliyoni asoweka.

Ngati wamwamuna wayamba chibwenzi kwa mkazi yemwe watengidwa kale, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo amadzigwetsera mu udzu kubisala kwa wokhumudwitsa. Amatseka mapiko ake osasunthika, akumadalira chigwa cham'mphepete. Nthawi zambiri chibwenzi chimatha kumupeza, chifukwa cha ma pheromones omwe atulutsa, m'malo mwamphamvu kuyesera kudzipangitsa iye.

Poyambirira amayankha, akumayenda pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndikutseguka pang'ono kwamapiko, komwe kumalepheretsa kulumikizana. Amakweza m'mimba mwake pamalo otsetsereka (mwina nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa choletsa pakhungu) kuwonetsa kukana kwake kwa mnzake, ndipo mwamunayo akuchokapo.

Chosangalatsa: Amuna amatulutsa fungo lofanana ndi fungo la pelargonium.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Thumba la Gulugufe Wamantha

Kabichi ili ndi mapiko oyera ndi ngodya zakuda kutsogolo. Akazi omwe ali pamapiko akutsogolo ali ndi mawanga akuda, amakhala owala bwino, komanso pali mzere wakuda wopindika m'mphepete m'munsi mwa mapiko akutsogolo. M'mphepete mwa phiko loyamba, masikelo ena ndi akuda, limawoneka ngati mzere wofuka. Chifukwa chake nsonga zakuda, pafupi ndi ngodya ya phikoyo, zimawala. Pakatikati mwa phiko lakumapeto pali cholembera chakuda, chomwe sichimawoneka pomwe tizilombo timakhala, chifukwa chimatsekedwa ndi kutsogolo.

Kunja kwa mapiko a akazi ndi mthunzi wotuwa wobiriwira wokhala ndi mungu ndipo pali zolengedwa kutsogolo. Amuna, kutsika kumakhala kovutirapo. Mapiko ake akapindapinda, chimakhala chobisira bwino. Pamalo awa, mapiko kumbuyo kwake pafupi kuphimba kutsogolo. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 5-6.5. Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono timakhala takuda ndi loyera pamwamba. Mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizakuda, zokhala ndi tsitsi loyera, komanso zoyera.

Vidiyo: Kabichi wa Gulugufe

Mapira amtchire amabiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mikwingwirima itatu yachikasu pamodzi ndi matupi akuda. Mtundu wa Pupa (2,5 cm) wachikasu ndi utoto wonyezimira. Amakhala ndi ulusi wopota, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi tsamba.

Azungu ndi mtundu wa aposematic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi mitundu yochenjeza yomwe imathamangitsa zilombo. Makamaka a aposematic alipo m'magawo a mphutsi, pupa ndi imago. Amakhalanso ndi mankhwala oopsa a mpiru glycosides kuchokera ku zakudya zakudya. Mafuta a mpiru ali ndi mankhwala a sulufule omwe amapatsa fungo labwino la mphutsi ndi zinyalala zawo. Fungo losasangalatsa limasokoneza mbalame zambiri ndi tizilombo tomwe timatha kuzisaka.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tayamba kupangika bwino. Makina onga ngati tinyanga tating'onoting'ono ndi matabwa akutsogolo amakhala ngati ziwalo zogwira. Yaikaziyo, isanayikire mazira, imakhala pa tsamba la chomera, ndikuimva bwino, kuyesa kuyesedwa, ndipo ikatha kugona.

Kodi kabichi ya gulugufe imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: kabichi wa nsomba za gulugufe

Mtundu wa Lepidoptera uwu ndi wofala ku Europe konse, kuphatikizanso zilumba za ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean komanso madera ocheperako ku Scandinavia. Kabichi imapezekanso ku Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya komanso ku Asia konse komwe kumatentha kwambiri kumapiri a Himalayan. Sipezeka mwachilengedwe kunja kwa zigawozi, koma zidapangidwa mwangozi ku Chile.

Maonekedwe a kabichi adalembedwa kale kumadera ena ku South Africa. Chisoni chachikulu chinayambikanso chifukwa choti ma arthropods awa adapezeka mu 1995 ku Australia, komanso mu 2010 ku New Zealand. Kangapo konse mbewu zamasambazi zimapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States. Sizikudziwika momwe gulugufe adafikira kumeneko, mwina adafika osavomerezeka ndi katundu.

Gulugufe amatha kuzolowera kusamukira kwawo; sizovuta kuti zibwezere anthu kuzilumbazi, monga zilili ku England, komwe kabichi imawulukira kuchokera kumtunda. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka paminda yolima, m'malo opaka, m'minda ndi minda, ngati malo otseguka. Amatha kukhala pamipanda, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, koma nthawi zonse komwe kuli magwero apamwamba a mphamvu m'badwo wotsatira. M'mapiri amakwera mpaka 2m m.

Patsiku lotentha, akuluakulu amawuluka kuchokera kumaluwa kupita kukaluwa, kudya timadzi tokoma, ndipo nyengo yotentha amakhala pamtunda kapena pamtunda wotsika, mapiko otseguka. Chifukwa chake amaziwotcha, gawo limodzi la cheza cha dzuwa, chowonekera kuchokera kumapiko, imagwera thupi.

Kodi kabichi wa gulugufe amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Gulugufe

Tizilombo ta mapiko timadyera timadzi tokongola ta maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, ali ndi phenoscis yophika. Amatha kuwoneka pa: dandelion, dambo la ng'ombe, alfalfa ndi maluwa ena. Magwero a timadzi tokoma thunzi timapezekanso komanso chisangalalo, pomwe ana a chilimwe amakonda:

Gulugufe amaikira mazira ake pamtanda, amakopeka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi. Pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, mbeu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a mpiru glucosides ndizofunikira. Zinthu izi zimapatsa kabichi burashi fungo linalake lomwe limawopseza adani.

Chosangalatsa: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa ndimtundu wazomwe zadziwika ndi zomwe zidachitika kale. Mukamasankha, amayang'ana kwambiri pazithunzi zobiriwira.

Ana agalu amadyera limodzi, masamba otenga msanga, kusiya masamba okha, kenako ndikumapita kuzomera zoyandikana. Ndi amodzi mwa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ndipo timayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa banja la kabichi lomwe limalima m'minda ndi minda.

Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi, makamaka Brussels zikumera, kolifulawa, kohlrabi, komanso mpiru, wogwirira, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbewu zopachika, zomwe pakati pawo pali klopovnik, karoti, radish. Mbozi zimakonda masamba achonde a nasturtium ndi reseda.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Tizilombo Tambula

Azungu a kabichi amawonekera pakati pa oyamba akangoyamba kutentha. Ngakhale m'masiku amitambo, pakadalipo tizilombo tina tambiri, titha kumaonerera tikutulutsa maluwa.Ali ndi kuthawa mwamphamvu, osasunthika, ndipo paz zopinga monga tchire, mitengo, nyumba, amawuluka mosavuta kuchokera pamwamba kapena kuyenda pakati pawo.

Oyera kabichi akangofika kumene kuli maluwa, amakhala pomwepo kwa masiku angapo. Nyengo yadzuwa, amapanga ndege zazifupi, koma zokhazikika, kuyima pang'ono masekondi angapo alionse kuti azimwa timadzi tokongola tambiri.

Mibadwo iwiri ya agulugufe imakula mkati mwa nyengo. M'madera akumwera, m'badwo woyamba mu Epulo-Meyi, kumpoto - patatha mwezi umodzi. Mu nthawi yachiwiri, anthu ochulukirapo amawonekera, imagwera theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Kummwera, mbadwo wina ndiwotheka.

Ngakhale kuti mphutsi za mbozi zimakhala pachomera chomwe zimadyerapo, ziphuphu za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapezeka pamitengo ya mitengo, mipanda, makoma, patali kuchokera pa chomera chodyetsa. Nthawi zina matumba amapezeka pamtengo kapena pa tsamba la chomera. Nthawi zambiri, chidacho chimamangidwa ndi ulusi pamalo owongoka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Timbulu tomwe timapangidwa pa tsinde kapena tsamba la chomera chaufa timakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, pomwe iwo omwe amapangidwa mwaluso amakhala ndi tinthu tofiirira, totuwa tating'ono komanso taso.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: White Kabichi

Azungu ndi amtala, koma akazi ambiri amakhala ndi mnzake. Pakadutsa masiku atatu kuchokera pamene agulugufewo adatulutsa, agulugufewa amaikira mazira akuluakulu, okhala ndi uta, owoneka ngati utoto (pafupifupi ma PC 100). M'masiku oyamba amakhala achikasu owoneka bwino ndipo amatha kuonekera posachedwa ndi tsamba lobiriwira. Masiku khumi mphutsi zisanatuluke, mazira amdima ndipo chigobacho chimayamba kuwonekera.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Ngati agulugufe a kabichi akaona kuti akazi ena amaikira mazira pachomera, ndiye kuti samaikanso mazira.

Nthawi zambiri, zomangamanga zimachitika kumbuyo kwa pepalalo, motero siziwoneka kwa zilombo, zomwe sizingokhala ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena mpweya.

Nthawi yakutukuka, mphutsi zimadutsa zaka zisanu kupyola magawo anayi akusuntha:

1. Choyambirira chimadziwika chifukwa chakuti mphutsi zotuluka dzira lopepuka ndi dzira lofewa, lamatumbo ndi mutu wakuda.
2. Pazaka zachiwiri, ma tubercles omwe tsitsi limamera pakhungu limadziwika.
3. Pazaka zachitatu, amakhala otakataka, achikasu obiriwira achikuda okhala ndi madontho akuda ndipo amawonongeka kale.
4. M'badwo wachinayi ndi wofanana ndi wachitatu, koma mbozizo ndi zokulirapo, zogwira ntchito, mthunzi wake ndi wobiriwira.
5. Pa usanu wachisanu, amakhala wamkulu (40-50 mm), wokhala ndi thupi lalitali, lowala. Pansi pa chakudya ndipofunika kwambiri panthawiyi.

Ngati mphutsi sizilandira chakudya chabwino kwambiri mokwanira, ndiye kuti zitha kufa musanakhale agulugufe. Mchiwonetsero cha ana, nthawi yachilimwe sikhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo patatha masabata awiri amtundu wamitundu yatsopano imabadwa. Tizilomboti timapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira imatha.

Chosangalatsa: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zazikazi zazimayi zamabichi nthawi zambiri zimatha kudya nthula ndi buddele nectar. Ngati nyemba za mandimu zimakhazikika m'zakudya zawo, ndiye mphutsi sizikhala ndi moyo, popeza zikhalidwe izi sizikhala ndi michere yomwe imathandizira kuti akule.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Gulugufe

Awa a lepidopterans ali ndi malo akuluakulu ogawirako ndipo ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati simukulimbana nawo, ndiye kuti kabichi imatha kubweretsa kutaya kwa 100% kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi, amatha kudya radish, turnips, swede, kugwiriridwa. Mfundo yoti akuluakulu amakonda kusamukira kudziko lina imakhala pachiwopsezo ku madera omwe kale anali ochepa kapena anali asanaonepo.

Zowonongeka kuchokera ku whitewash zingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa phindu la mbewu. Kunja, mitu ya kabichi imawoneka yokongola kwambiri, koma mkati mwake nthawi zambiri imawonongeka ndi mphutsi. Mapale nthawi zambiri amabisala mkati mwa kolifulawa, yomwe imachepetsa mtengo wake. Kuchulukitsa kwamtundu wa mphutsi kumapangitsa kuti mbande imodzi idya chomera kupita kuchifupa, ndikupita kwina.

Tizilombo timeneti timakumana ndi njira zamankhwala zowonongeka. M'malo ang'onoang'ono a mbozi ndi mazira, tizilombo timasonkhanitsa pamanja. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu kumayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu, kachilombo kamaonedwa ngati tizilombo m'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, ku China, Turkey, India, Nepal ndi Russia, komwe kumakhala kuwonongeka kwapachilengedwe kwamasamba osiyanasiyana.

Mu 2010, gulugufe woyamba adapezeka ku New Zealand. Kwa zaka zitatu, adachulukana ndikuyamba kuyesedwa ngati matenda oyipa komanso osafunikira.

Zoona Zosangalatsa: Kulimbikitsa ana kuti alowe nawo ntchito yochotsa kabichi, dipatimenti yoona zachitetezo ku New Zealand inalipira ophunzira $ 10 a New Zealand mphotho iliyonse ya butter butter yomwe adapeza panthawi ya tchuthi chawo. M'milungu iwiri, 134 adapulumutsidwa. Ogwira ntchito ku dipatimentiyi adagwira akuluakulu 3,000, pupae, mbozi ndi masango a mazira.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zamakina ndi zamakina, biomeology idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi kabichi wokhala ndi kabichi. Paminda yatulutsidwa mavu owopsa. Kampani yolamulira tizilombo idamaliza bwino. Kupambana kumeneku kudachitika chifukwa chakuti alamu idakwezedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo njira zothanirana ndi kabichi zidatengedwa koyambirira. Koma ku Australia ndi United States, ma lepidopterans awa akupitilira kubereka ndi kukhazikika.

Chochititsa chidwi: Belyanki amapewa kuyika mazira komwe amawona abale ena. Kuti muwapusitse, pakati pa mipando, mutha kuyika pa zikhomo kapena “mbendera” zoyera za nsalu zowala zomwe zimatsata omwe akupikisana ndi tizilombo.

Gulugufe kabichi ikhoza kudzaza tsamba lanu mwachangu kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa kubzala kabichi, muyenera kuthana ndi namsongole wopachika, kugwa ndi kuphukira, mitengo ikuluikulu kapena mitengo yayikulu-mitengo, mipanda yochotsa pupae. Nyengo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mbewu ndikusonkhanitsa mbozi, oviposition. Ndiosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoteteza pakompyuta zomwe zitha kuwononga tizilombo tothandiza. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wowerengeka azitsamba kumakhala koyenera kwambiri: infusions wa chowawa, fodya, chamomile, etc.

Chiwopsezo cha mbewu ndi njira zowongolera

M'mabuku ambiri okhudzana ndi kulima ndiwo zamasamba, mafotokozedwe ndi chithunzi cha gulugufe wa gulugufe amapezeka pamasamba ofotokoza tizilombo. Zowonadi, nthawi zina, ngati simupanga kanthu polimbana ndi tizilombo, mutha kutaya mbewuzo. Osangokhala kabichi.

Gulugufe ndiwowonekera bwino kwambiri pamtunda wa mbozi. Ngati simukuchita kanthu, ndiye kuti imatha kudya mbande zambiri. M'malo momwe mbozi sizioneka, ndikotheka kumvetsetsa kuti kachilombo kali m'mundamo momwe masamba amawonekera. Mitsempha yokha ndiyo yatsala.

Mphutsi zimathanso kukhala provocateurs a matenda a mbewu, kabichi yemweyo, radish ndi mpiru. Chomera chilichonse chopachika chimatha kuwononga gulugufe. Matendawa amawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko akuti pakati pa masamba azomera pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mbozi, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri m'mundamo, ndibwino kuti muzisonkhanitsa pamanja. Komanso ndikosavuta kuzindikira mazira omwe ali kunsi kwa masamba, omwe amathanso kutolera ndi dzanja.

Njira yothandiza yochotsa kabichi imawerengedwa kuti ndi njira ya anthu - kupopera masamba ndi mawonekedwe akuValerian. Malita atatu amadzi wamba amangofunika 50 ml ya tincture.

Musanaimange mutu wa kabichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi zida zina, makamaka Fitoverm. Mwachilengedwe, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa kukolola pamanja, koma sikuvomerezeka muulimi wachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito "chemistry" yopopera pambuyo pakuwoneka mutu wa kabichi, ambiri aiwo azikundikira.

Ngati vuto lomwe lili m'mundamu ndilofunika, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu nthawi imodzi. Mwachilengedwe, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa masamba kuti awonongeke ndi burashi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira malamulo obzala mbewu, kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinathe kungolumpha kuchokera kumera kupita kumera. Izi zikutanthauza mitundu yakumtanda.

Chifukwa chiyani pali agulugufe ambiri kabichi m'mundamo?

Olima maluwa a Novice nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka pazomwe agulugufe a kabichi amapeza, amawaganizira kuti ndi tizirombo ta tomato, mabulosi ndi mitengo yazipatso. Osewera athu amakopeka ndi makama a kabichi ndi mbewu kuchokera kubanja lopachika. Zimawuluka nthawi zambiri osati m'magulu, koma zokhazokha, nthawi zina zimagunda makilomita oposa 30 pa ola limodzi. Mazira oyamba amaikidwa pa namsongole, koma mibadwo yotsalayo imaphatikizidwa molondola ndi mbewu zobzalidwa.

Minda yokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba opachikika imakopeka ndi zinthu zapadera ndizokoma wowawa - sinigrin ndi sinalbin. Mankhwalawa amapezeka muzitsamba zina - reseda, nasturtium, ndi zomera za banja la wopala. Gulugufe amamva kununkhira kwa zinthu zamagetsi izi pang'onopang'ono pa gramu, nthawi yomweyo ndikusankha tsamba lomwe lingayikire dzira. Nthawi zambiri mukabzala zokolola m'munda umodzi osagwiritsa ntchito kasinthasintha wa mbeu, ndiye kuti matendawa atha kudwala kwambiri.

Kodi anthu amavulala bwanji?

Mosiyana ndi azungu a gulugufe, mawonekedwe amtundu wa tizilombo ndi owopsa kwambiri. Khungubwe limawononga mphukira zamera. Choyamba, mphutsi zimakhala mkati mwa masamba, kenako zimafalikira mpaka kumtunda. Mutha kugwira kabichi wa gulugufe wa mbozi pa kabichi, radish, mpiru. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka pazomera monga horseradish, turnip. Ichi ndiye chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri tizirombo.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta pamasamba, mphutsi zimayambitsa mavuto ena. Chifukwa chake, amapatula zinthu zapadera zomwe zimakwiyitsa khungu la munthu. Kwa mbalame, mboziyi ndiyonso yoopsa; ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbalame zambiri zimafa.

Njira zotetezera mundawo kwa tizilombo

Wachikulire amatha kukhala ndi miyezi 1-1.5. Panthawi imeneyi, wamkazi amaikira mazira ambiri. Mutha kuyesa kupewa kutuluka kwa mibadwo yatsopano ya tizilombo.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo:

1. Njira za Agrotechnical. Fotokozerani kufunika kochotsa udzu wobetchera kwambiri Chakudya cha gulugufe wa gulugufe wokondedwa wokondedwa: colza, chikwama cha abusa. Muyenera kuyeretsa dera lalikulu: chiwembu chonse, mundawo, chifukwa ngakhale udzu wochepa waudzu wa mitundu iyi umathandizira kukopa agulugufe. Nayi njira yabwino yoopseza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda agulugufe - kubzala katsabola pambuyo kuchotsa. Chimakula msanga, sichimaphimba masamba ndikufalitsa fungo lokhazikika.
2. Kuchotsa kwamakina. Potere, muyenera kusamala popanda mphutsi, kupenda masamba a mbewu mbali ziwiri. Ntchitoyi ndi yovuta, koma mutha kuyesa kutsogolera ntchito yobala mwa kuwononga gulugufe wa gulugufe. Zizindikiro: mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, wamtambo wakuda. Pupae akhazikika pamiyala, pansi pa tsindwi, m'makona a zitsa zakale, mitengo, pamitengo yamitengo. Chapakatikati, yang'anani nyumba zonse, mitengo. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze malo omwe mungaphatikizidwe ndi pupae ndi gawo lamadzi lamphamvu kuchokera pamphuno. Sizigwira ntchito kuti uwonongeratu tizilombo mwanjira iyi, koma kuchuluka kwake kungachepetse kwambiri.
3. Zamapangidwe. Pakuwonongeka kwa kabichi, ndalama zochokera ku mankhwala ophera tizigawo zosiyanasiyana timakhala yabwino: neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, mankhwala a organophosphorous.
4. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe. Osati zovulaza ngati mankhwala, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zosankha zazikulu: Lepidocide, Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin. Kukonzekera kochokera ku Chemistry, komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikonkhedwa munthawi ya kukula. Monga njira ina, kuwomba mikanda yamitengo kumawonekera. Chakudya chokondedwa cha kabichi (radish, kabichi, radish, turnip, etc.) amabzalidwa patali patali. Marigolds, adyo, katsabola, valerian, parsley, kaloti ndi mafuta a mandimu zimathandizira kuwopseza tizilombo.