Vallisneria spiral - chomera cham'madzi chomwe chimakhala chosavuta ndikuwoneka bwino. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa tsamba lalitali, ndiloyenereranso kapangidwe ka malo amtali wamtali. Masamba ozungulira amathandizira tchire kukongoletsa, ndipo mtundu wawo wowoneka bwino wobiriwira umakongoletsa dziwe lochita kupanga ndikusintha mtundu wa nsomba.

Kufotokozera

Mzere waku Vallisneria ndi wa gulu la Vallisneria la banja la Vodokrasov. Malo okhala amadzaza matupi amadzi oyera kum'mwera komanso pakati pa Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia, America ndi Australia. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi oimira ena amtundu wamitunduyi mwa mbewu yaikazi, yomwe pambuyo pa kupukutira imayamba. Masamba a nthumwi zamtunduwu amaphatikizidwanso mozungulira, komabe, pazinthu zina zokhala m'ndende, zimatha kuwongoka.

Maonekedwe a mbewu ndi oimira amitundu. Vallisneria spiral ndi chomera chozika mizu pansi. Tchire lilibe tsinde, mapesi opanda masamba, lalitali komanso lopapatiza, lowoneka bwino wobiriwira, lili ndi mitsempha 5, kutalika kwa 50-80 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 10-15 mm. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino, yoyimiriridwa ndi mizu yopyapyala, yoyera kapena yotuwa.

M'mikhalidwe yochita kupanga, mitunduyi imakhala pachimake, koma mwachilengedwe njirayi imatha kuonedwa pakati pa chilimwe. Maluwa a chomera ndi ang'ono, oyera. Maluwa aimuna amakhala kumapeto kwa tchire, pomwe maluwa achikazi amatengedwa m'miyala yazitali zazitali kwambiri pamadzi. Mungu ukacha, maluwa amphongo amadzuka ndikuyamba kuyandama pamwamba pomwe maluwa achikazi amakhala umuna. Pambuyo umuna, miyala ya maluwa yaikaziyo imagwa, matembenuzidwe amapindika modutsa ndikufupikitsa. Kukula kwa mbeu kumachitika pansi pa madzi.

Mzere waku Vallisneria ndi woyenera kusungidwa m'madzi. Imachulukana mosadukiza, ndikupanga nkhokwe zowirira zomwe zimakongoletsa maziko achosungiramo malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndipo ndimalo othawirako kwa okhalamo. Vallisneria imakwaniritsa madzi ndi mpweya ndipo imamwa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungunuka, zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi ya nsomba ndi ma invertebrates. Chifukwa chake, mtunduwu sugwirira ntchito yokongoletsera mu aquarium, komanso umasewera gawo losefera amoyo, kusunga madzi amoyo.

Magawo amadzi

1. Kutentha kwamadzi. Kutentha kwambiri kwamadzi pamtunduwu ndi 22-25 ° C, komabe, kumatha kukhalapo pa 15-20 ° C. Kutentha kochepa, mbeu zikukula pang'onopang'ono.
2. Kuuma (dH). Kuuma kwamadzi kuyenera kusungidwa pansi pa 15 °. Ndikofunikira kuti chizindikiro ichi sichidutsa 8 °, apo ayi vallisneria imakula, ndipo masamba ake amaphwanyidwa.
3. Acidity (pH). Acidity yamadzi iyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 6-7.5, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kusaloledwa kapena pang'ono asidi.
4. Kuzungulira kwa dzimbiri. Mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri kupezeka kwa chitsulo m'madzi ndipo imatha kufa ndi dzimbiri kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa ndikuyika

Kutalika kwa tsamba lalitali kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito kwa spiral wallisneria m'mizinda yayikulu yamadzi. Ma ntchuthi ochokera ku tchire la Wallysneria, wobzalidwa kukhoma lakumbuyo ndi ngodya za malo osungira, amasewera gawo lachilengedwe. Mukawongolera mtsinje wamadzi kuchokera mu fyuluta kupita ku tchire, masamba amatenga kolowera kutuluka, zomwe zimapatsa malo osungirako kukongoletsa. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yokongoletsera, ma nkhono a Wallysneria mu aquarium amakhala malo othawirako a nsomba zamanyazi ndi ma invertebrates.

Zindikirani! Mutha kubzala tchire pakatikati ndi m'makona oyang'ana kutsogolo kwa aquarium. Potere, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pafupipafupi mbeu zatsopano zomwe zikuwonekera pansi pa tchire la amayi kuti muchepetse kukula kwambiri.

Dothi la wallisneria liyenera kukhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mpaka 2-3 mm. Imayalidwa ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 4, maenje amapangidwa ndipo tchire limabzalidwa patali patali. Mizu yake imakutidwa, kusiya masamba okula pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Kuthamanga kwa dothi kulibe kanthu, zimangofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi feteleza wovuta. Ngati pali anthu ambiri okhala m'madzimo, chakudya china sichofunikira.

Chomera cha aquarium Vallisneria spiral sichifunika chisamaliro chovuta. Ndikofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kupatula mbewu, ndikulekanitsa tchire mosamalitsa. Ndiye kuti vallisneria imakula bwino, ndipo masamba ake amakhala ndi utoto wokhazikika, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuzo kuunikira okwanira. Nthawi zina, kuwala kwachilengedwe kumakhala kokwanira, koma mbewu zimamva bwino pakakhala kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zosiyanasiyana, ziyenera kupatsa kuwunikira kukula kwa 40-70 Lm / l. Masana masana amatha kuyambira maola 8 mpaka 16.

Kuswana

Paukapolo, Wallisneria samakonda kuphuka, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kufalitsa ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri tchire limafalitsidwa m'njira yowala zipatso - pogwiritsa ntchito matengowo omwe mbewuyo imapereka chaka chonse. Zomera za mwana wamkazi zokwana 100 zitha kupezeka kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi cha mayi pachaka. Amawoneka kumapeto kwa mphukira zomwe chitsamba chimamasula pamunsi pake. Masamba a 3-4 atawonekera, chomera cha mwana wamkazi chimatha kudzipatula ndikabzala m'nthaka.

Mawonekedwe

Mzere waku Vallisneria uli ndi masamba opyapyala, okhala ngati riboni wopindika. Kutengera ndikuwunikira, imatha kupeza mtundu wosiyana: kuchokera kubiriwira lowala kupita pabuka. Kutalika kwa masamba kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 10 mpaka 80 masentimita, kutengera mikhalidwe yakumangidwa komanso mitundu. Ndi kudzipereka kwabwino, kumatha kuyamba kuphuka, kutulutsa ma inflorescence ofanana ndi mabelu oyera pamadzi.

Pomwe mizu yoyera yokhazikika yokhala ndi mizu yoyera sikhala vuto, chomera chimakhala pansi ndikufalitsa mizu.

Kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium

Njira zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa spiral vallisneria imayang'ana kumbuyo kapena kukhoma kwam'mbali mwa chigwa cha aquarium. Kuti nkhokwe zizikhala zonyowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbali zingapo pafupi wina ndi mnzake, momwemo mbewuyo imapanga khoma lolimba, lomwe limakhala maziko abwino a nsomba.

Komanso vallisneria yozungulira ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi vallisneria ina. Mwachitsanzo, kuyika chimphona kumbuyo, ndi chozungulira pakati kapena m'mphepete.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

• Kuuma kwamadzi: 8⁰,
• kutentha: 20-28 ⁰С,
• pH: 5-7,
• maola masana: 8-16 hours,
• kuyatsa kwamphamvu
• madzi amasintha nthawi zonse
• kudyetsa sikofunikira
• Zowonjezera za CO2 sizofunikira
• mchenga kapena timiyala tating'ono tating'ono ta 6mm mm timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi
• makulidwe a nthaka 4 cm.

Mwambiri, mtengowu ndi wopanda ulemu, ndikokwanira kusintha 30% kamodzi pa sabata kuchotsa zachilengedwe komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za anthu okhala m'madzimo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma nitrites ndi nitrate, masamba amathothoka ndipo mabowo ang'onoang'ono amawonekera mwa iwo.

Pokhala ndi kuwala kosakwanira, masamba amatha kukhala achikasu ndi kutambalala, kuwononga mawonekedwe a aquarium. Kuwala kwamawonekedwe onse owonekera, kuwala kwachilengedwe ndi nyali za fluorescent ndizoyenera vallisneria.

Vallisneria spiral matenda

Monga mbewu zina zam'madzi, vallisneria imayamba kutenga matenda. Monga lamulo, matenda amayambitsa zochitika zosayenera zachilengedwe, kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina.

• Ngati masamba a chomera atasanduka chikasu ndikuyamba kufa, ndiye kuti izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwachitsulo. Kuti mubwezeretse, muyenera kupanga 0,1 mg / l iron sulfate kamodzi pa sabata. Kuchulukitsa kwa chinthucho, masamba amasanduka achikaso, koma mitsempha imakhala yobiriwira. Poterepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito manganese pang'ono.
• Ngati malangizowo adayamba kutuluka chikasu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa calcium. Kuti muchite izi, ingoyikani maiwe ochepa pansi.
• Ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni, m'mbali mwa mbewuyo imayamba kusanduka chikaso. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kutsitsa kutentha kwa m'madzi masiku angapo, izi zidzakulitsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi.
• Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kumapangitsa kuti masamba awonongeke, mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kuda ndi kupindika. Kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, feteleza wa phosphorous uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi.
• Pakakhala masamba achikasu pamwamba pa masamba a vallisneria, nitrophoska iyenera kuyikidwa pa 2 g / 100 l sabata iliyonse kubwezeretsa potaziyamu.
• Ngati nsonga za mbewu zidadetsedwa, ndiye muyenera kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa boron. Kwa izi, boric acid 0,2 mg / l iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
• Kuwonongeka kwamtundu ndi kufa masamba kungasonyeze kusowa kwa mkuwa. Kuti apange kuchepa kwake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa sulfate yamkuwa mu kuchuluka kwa 0 mg mg / l mu aquarium. Mtengowo ukabwezeretsa, ntchito yake imayima, popeza mkuwa wowonjezera umakhudza zomerazo ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzimo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zozungulira wallisneria, mutha kupanga nyimbo za chic mu aquarium. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, mbewu iyi imatha kupikisana ndi zokongoletsera zojambulajambula.

Oyambira kapena wamba

Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa peduncle kupendekera mutatha kupukutira, kotero musasokoneze V. helix ndi mitundu ina yomwe masamba amapindika. Ordinary wallisneria - woimira mtunduwo, wapezeka ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zam'madzi kwa zaka zoposa 100.

Chitsamba chimakhala ndi rosette wa masamba pafupifupi 1 cm mulifupi ndi 80c. 80 Mphepete mwa tsamba limakhala louma bwino, wolimba. Chidacho sichipotozedwa, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a tepi yosalala ndi mutu wozungulira.

Kalulu, kapena Nana

Mitundu ya ku Australia yagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma aqua kwa zaka zochepa chabe. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pamitundu yaying'ono. M'malo osungirako zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri safika pamtunda wa 15 cm, koma mu malo okhala pansi pamtunda mumatha kukhala gigantism ndikukula mpaka 50. Mulifupi wa tebuloyo ndiwocheperako kuposa ambiri oimira genus ndipo safika pa 1 cm.

Imakula bwino ndikupanga makatani okuta ndi miyala. Woyenerera ku aquarium yaying'ono yokhala ndi mitundu yotentha ya nsomba.

Waku Asia

Mitundu yotsika, masamba osachepera masamba nthawi zambiri samaposa masentimita 30. Mbaleyo imakhala yopindika molumikizana ndi nkhwangwa yotalika. Zosangalatsa zokongoletsera ndizoyenera nano-aquarium, komanso posungira lalikulu. M'malo omaliza, matayilo abwinowa amaponyedwera kumbuyo ngati chinsinsi cham'maso cha masamba ofiira.

Giant

Ili ndi masamba ofanana ndi masamba (mpaka 4 masentimita) amtundu wobiriwira wamdima., Yopindika. Kutalika kwa pepalali kumaposa 1 m, ndipo ngakhale mumadzala yayikulu, gawo lina lamadzi limayandama pamtunda, nthawi zambiri limaphwanya madzi apansi. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukadzala tchire. Mwakuwala kowala, masamba amatha kupeza tint ofiira.

Imakhala m'malo osungira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, imatha kukhala ngati madzi ofunda komanso ozizira.

Waku America kapena brindle

Akambuku (nyalugwe) osiyanasiyana a American Wallisneria amasiyana ndi amtundu wamtunduwu (V. vulgaris) kukula kwake kwakukulu. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 1 m, m'lifupi - 1.5-2 masentimita. Chowoneka china chomera ndi kupezeka kwa madontho amdima ndi mawanga pamasamba obiriwira obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri masamba amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira kapena wonyezimira, pomwe mawanga amaso amawatchulanso.

Pali mitundu yaying'ono ya Leopard mini (nthawi zina Tiger mini). Kutalika kwake pafupifupi masentimita 50. Masamba a mawonekedwe awa amapotozedwa.

Tsamba lopindika

Wallisneria yokhala ndi masamba opindika mkati mwa corkscrew ndi mitundu inanso yaku America. Mwamwayi, malo omwe amapezekedwera amatchedwa B. bivanskaya, kumalo omwe amapezeka ku Lake Biwa (Japan).

Chomera chake ndi chaching'ono kukula, chimafikira masentimita 40 basi m'lifupi mwake ndi 0,7 cm.Yimakonda nthaka yopanda kanthu ndipo imafunikira kuunikira kwabwino.

Natans

Mitundu yaku Asia ya America Wallisneria. Chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwawo muzolembedwazo, zimalimbikitsidwa kwa omwe akuyambira. Yogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndi anthu ena, okhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi onse. Ili ndi masamba owongoka pafupifupi 40-100 cm, m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 1 cm. Imakula msanga, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko komanso chomera cham'mbuyo mu kapangidwe ka aqua, ziwiya zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobisika m'matumba.

Ubwino wamadzi

Chomera chotentha chitha kulolera kuchepa kwakanthawi kutentha kwa madzi mpaka + 15 ° C. Mtengo wabwino wa kutentha ndi + 22 ... + 28 ° С. M'madzi ofunda kwambiri, udzu suvutika, koma umachepetsa kukula.

Acidity ya sing'anga (pH) si yoposa 5-7. Madziwo ndi olimba pang'ono, pafupifupi 8 ° W. Iyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka pakakhala mchere wamkuwa ndi wachitsulo m'malo a Wallisneria. Zokonzekera zamkuwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nkhono ndi algae mu aquarium, ndipo mchere wamchere (dzimbiri) umalowanso mmenemo kuchokera kumadzi.

Kapangidwe ka dothi

M'malo amakono am'madzi, maats ndi mapiritsi apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mbewu ndi mchere ndi michere, kuyiyika pansi pa zitsamba. Ngati mungafune, mutha kudzala vallisneria mumiphika yokhala ndi nthaka yachonde, koma mwana wamkazi adzawombera chakudya.

Vallisneria iyenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka ndi makulidwe osachepera 5-7 cm, makamaka mitundu yayikulu. Mutha kukumba mizu yopanda kanthu kapena dothi la pulasitiki pokhapokha m'madzi akale, pomwe madzi amakhala ndi ma acid amchere, ndipo pamakhala mchenga (kutulutsa zinyalala ndi nsomba). Mchenga wosalala, chomera choperewera m'thupi chimatha kusiya, kutaya masamba ndikufa.

Zofunikira zowunikira

Mitundu yonse ya wallisneria imafunikira pakuwunikira, ndipo ikasowa, amasiya mtundu wawo, amakhala owonda komanso otambalala. Ma aquarium amayenera kuyatsidwa ndi magetsi owunikira osachepera maola 12 patsiku. Pa buku 1 la voliyumu iliyonse, magetsi ofunikira osachepera 0,5 W amafunikira, mawonekedwe owunikira alibe ntchito, koma ngati pali ma phytolamp, mutha kuyatsegulira: ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati buluu, mbewu zimatulutsa photosynthesize ndikulemeretsa chilengedwe ndi mpweya.

Maluwa ndi kudulira

M'malo am'madzi, Wallysneria sikhala pachimake kwambiri, koma m'malo abwino komanso pamadzi ofunda (osatsika kuposa + 25 ° C), chitsamba chimayala matayala amtambo, kumapeto kwake kumakhala kukutu. Kutukula pamwamba pamadzi, inflorescence imamasulidwa pamalopo, ndipo miyala yoyera itatsegulidwa. Pambuyo maluwa, tsinde limapindika ngati kasupe ndipo limakoka inflorescence pansi pamadzi.

Vallisneria ikakula kwambiri pamtunda ndikuyamba kubisala m'madzi, mutha kuyichepetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, tchire zazikulu kwambiri zimachotsedwa pamalo osungira, ndikusiya ana awo aakazi omwe sanafike pamwamba. Simungadule masamba tsamba, chifukwa amafa. Koma kuchokera ku chomera chotsika, mutha kuchotsa masamba 1-2 (achikasu, achikulire kapena owonongeka).

Bzalani matenda ndi tizirombo

Imfa ya masamba nthawi zambiri imachitika akamakula. Koma nthawi zina izi zimawonetsa kukanika kwa mbewu:

1. Ndi mkuwa wambiri, masamba ambiri amatembenukira chikasu nthawi yomweyo, kwinaku akumasunga mtundu wobiriwira wamitsempha. Kuti mumange mchere wamkuwa, potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwonjezera yankho lofooka la aquarium.
2. Ndikusowa kwa calcium, malekezero amasamba amasintha chikasu pazomera zingapo nthawi imodzi. Kwa chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa, mutha kutsitsa piritsi limodzi la calcium gluconate m'matumba a Wallysneria.
3. Ngati m'mphepete mwa tsambalo muchikasu, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuzo manyowa ndi nayitrogeni ndi mapiritsi a Tetra PlantaMin, Crypto, ndi zina, powakumbira pansi pa mizu.

Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mapira.Nkhono zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimadya masamba owonda, m'mbali mwa mbale kuluma ndi akamba.

Mitundu ya Wallisneria

Gulu la mitundu yazomera limasinthidwa mosalekeza. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, mtundu wa Wallysneria ulipo mitundu 14. Mitundu yodziwika iyi ya wallisneria ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:

• ozungulira
• Waku America
• wam'manja kapena nana,
• tsamba lopindika,
• akuyandama
• wallisneria wofiyira.

Oimira nyamazo amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, mayina amasinthidwa, kusanjidwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufanana kwambiri kwa zomera pakati pawo. Zizindikiro zazikulu zakusiyana kwakunja zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi masamba, akuti:

Kusintha kwachilengedwe, chomera chimasintha mawonekedwe ake akunja.

Oyambira kapena wamba

Vallisneria spiral ili ndi mayina angapo: vallisneria wamba ndi Vallisneria americana var. Biwaensis. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yoyamba yomwe idapezeka. Chomera ichi cha aquarium chimakhala ndi rosette ya mzere wotalika mpaka masentimita 1.2 mulifupi ndi 80cm. Masamba obiriwira owongoka amapotozedwa, ali ndi mbali zabwino. Maluwa ofunda amayandama pamalo osungira. Kusokoneza kumadziwika ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji.

Mizu yake ndi yoyera. Dothi la spural vallisneria likhale ndi tizigawo tating'ono mpaka 3 mm. Mukabzala, iyenera kukhala ndi makulidwe 4 mm. Kuwala kwa Vallisneria kumakonda mwachilengedwe: kwapakatikati mpaka kowala.

Magawo a madzi mu aquarium:

• kutentha kwa madzi kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25,
• satenga komanso acidic acidity pang'ono,
• madzi osavunda kuposa 8,
• madzi azisinthidwa pafupipafupi.

Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri kutsogolo komanso kudera lapakati la nkhokwe.

Kalulu kapena Nana

Vallisneria nana amakonda kuunikira kowala ndi maola 12 masana. Koma nthawi yomweyo, wallisneria wocheperako amakula kwa nthawi yayitali. Wobiriwira wakuda masamba 1 cm mulifupi ndi 30-50 cm.

Vallisneria nana amakula mwachangu dothi louma kuchokera pamiyala kapena mchenga wokhala ndi njere yopanda kupitirira 3-4 mm, ndipo makulidwewo ayenera kukhala ochokera 4 cm. Amakula bwino m'midzi yakale, popeza zinthu zokwanira zachilengedwe zimasonkhana pamenepo.

Vallisneria nana amakonda magawo amadzi otsatirawa mu aquarium:

• kutentha kwa madzi kuchokera madigiri 25 mpaka 29,
• zamchere madzi a sing'anga kuuma.

Ichi ndi chomera chosazindikira koma pamafunika nthawi yambiri kuti chizolowere.

Waku America kapena brindle

Vallisneria American imadziwika pakati pa oimira ena ambiri amitundu mitundu. Dzina lachiwiri ndi tiger wallisneria ndi vallisneria americana var biwaensis. Izi ndichifukwa cha mikwingwirima yopepuka yowoneka papepala, yofanana ndi mawonekedwe a khungu la tiger. Ngakhale ili ndi dzina, American Wallisneria imamera zachilengedwe osati ku America kokha, komanso kumayiko ena a Dziko Lapansi.

Mizu yake ndi yotanuka, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, mizu ya mbewu iyi ndi yamphamvu, itasonkhana mtolo. Tsinde palibe, ndiye kuti mizu yake imaphukira masamba.

Masamba ndi ooneka ngati nthiti, ofewa komanso osakhwima, okhala ndi mitsempha, pali mano m'mphepete mwa pepalalo. Mtundu wa masamba amatha kukhala wobiriwira kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ofiira. Masamba amabwera m'mitundu iwiri:

• yopapatiza - 1 cm mulifupi,
• m'lifupi - 2,5 cm.

Nthaka imalimbikitsidwa kuti izikhala ndi michere yambiri, makulidwe okwanira masentimita 7. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, masana tsiku lililonse 12-ola.

• kutentha kwa madzi kuyambira madigiri 20 mpaka 28,
• acidity osapitirira 8 komanso osatsika kuposa 6.5,
• kuuma kwamadzi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 5 mpaka 15.

Kukulira kwa tiger wallisneria kumatha kuyambitsa kuthana ndi kuwala kwa pansi pamadzi. Mtengowo ndi chomera cham'madzi chazobzala m'mbuyo ndi kumbuyo.

Malamulo Okhatikiza

Vallisneria ndi chomera chotchuka cha aquarium chomwe chimasinthika bwino muukapolo. Masamba ake amatha kukula mpaka 70 cm, ndikuwoneka bwino m'matanki otambalala. Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu m'magulu ang'ono kumbuyo kapena pakati pakapangidwe ka aquascape, kapena m'makona. Amakonda dothi labwino, miyala kapena mchenga wabwino ngati dothi.

Mizu ya Wallysneria imapangidwa mwanjira yoyera, yoyera bwino, yosinthika, kutalika kwake kufika masentimita 7-10. Mutha kubzala mbewuyo pabowo lomwe lakonzedwa. Mutha kukumba monga muyezo, kuwulula khosi mizu. Makulidwe a dothi amalimbikitsidwa 3-4 cm.

Landirani ndi American Wallisneria Aquarium.

Vallisneria ikafika pamwamba pa madzi, masamba ake amapalapo, ndikuphimba pamwamba pamadzi, ndikuwaphimba madziwo kuchokera pamwamba. Ngati masamba akukula pang'ono, sadzafunika kuti azidulira, apo ayi mthunzi wogwa umachepetsa mwayi wakuwala kwa mbewu zina. Ndi chitsamba chachikulu kwambiri, ndibwino kuzichotsa kwathunthu popanda kudulira. Zomera zopanda kanthu zidzangowonongeka ndi kuvunda.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, chomera chimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza. Mitundu yonse ya wallisneria imatha kulandira mitundu yovuta ya feteleza. Sankhani feteleza mwanjira ya mapiritsi kapena mapiritsi apadera. Mzinda wa Vallisneria umakonda madzi oyera, kamodzi pa sabata, ukonzanso madzi 30% ndi watsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, dongo kapena peat ndizosankha.

Vallisneria spiral ndi nana ali ndi zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri. Masamba awo otambalala amapanga mbewa yolowamo nsomba yomwe imabisala. Masamba olimba amera sangakhale chakudya chansomba m'madzi. Ma cichlids akulu ndi amphaka a loricaria samavutitsa Wallisneria yawo. Pansi, kukumba nsomba kumatha kumera kuchokera pansi, motero mu thanki yokhala ndi nsomba zotere sizimatheka.

Njira zolerera

Vallisneria ndi mtundu wamitundu yobiriwira; pamakhala tchire zazimuna ndi zazikazi zomwe maluwa nthawi zina amatulutsa maluwa. Ndiwocheperako kapena osagulika, nthawi zina - yayikulu. Kuchokera mu 1 sinus ya tsamba zingapo inflorescence zimatha kupanga. Perianth ili ndi mabwalo awiri - akunja ndi amkati. Kuphatikizika kumachitika mwa njira ya hydrophilic.

Mu aquarium, mitundu ya vallisneria imachita maluwa modabwitsa. Maluwa awo payekha, maluwa a pistil amawoneka pamwamba pamadzi. Pambuyo pa kupukutira, dunolo limapindika pakati, ndikusoka duwa losungunuka pansi pamadzi, pomwe zipatso zimacha. Atakhwima, maluwa onenepa amakhala olekana ndi chomera, amatuluka pamwamba pamadzi, ndi kupukutira maluwa achikazi.

Kuphatikiza pa njira yobala, mitundu yonse ya wallisneria imatha kufalitsa zipatso. Mphukira zomwe zimayang'ana pamwamba panthaka, kapena m'manda m'nthaka, zimaphukira. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala mphukira zazing'ono zazikazi, zomwe, mutazika mu nthaka, zimataya nthambi kuti zipange mbewu zatsopano. Ndi zomeretsa, zitsamba vallisneria munthawi yochepa ndizoyala zotsika.

Spiral Wallisneria

Vallisneria spiral ndi chomera chokongola komanso chotchuka chamadzi. Amadziwika ndi masamba ataliitali okhala ndi masamba amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Amakhala opindika ngati "corkscrew" ndipo amapanga chitsamba chokhwima chomwe chitha kufikira madzi ngakhale mumadzi osaya. Masamba amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 80, koma nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 45-50. Amawoneka bwino pamakoma kumbuyo ndi kukhoma kwa thankiyo. Chifukwa chosazindikira kwambiri zomwe zalembedwazo komanso kuthamanga kwa kubereka, zitha kuperekedwanso kwa oyambira m'madzi oyamba. Amakula mu ukapolo chaka chonse.

Onerani kanema wonena za zanyengo.

Mzere waku Vallisneria suwona chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala mu tank. Kwa icho, kuyatsa kwapakati, komwe kumatha kukongoletsedwa ndi nyali za fluorescent, ndi koyenera. Mawola olimbikitsidwa a usana: maola 10 mpaka 12. Imakula bwino ndikukula m'madzi ofewa kapena apakati. Acidity pH 6.0-7.5 pH. Kutentha kwamadzi kovomerezeka kuti kukonzedwe: 22-27 ° C. Kusintha kwa madzi a Aquarium - kamodzi pa sabata, kusefa kumafunika, makamaka ngati nsomba zili padziwe.

Kuthengo, imaberekanso mosamala, kapena mothandizidwa ndi mbewu. Mukakhala kundende komanso malo otsekeka, kuvunda kwa wallisneria ndikovuta kufalitsa ndi mbewu. Chaka chonse, amatulutsa mphukira yomwe mwana wamkazi wamera. M'chaka, mayi chitsamba amatha kubereka oposa 200 mphukira. Akutulutsa masharubu, ndipo patali pang'ono chitsamba cha mwana wamkazi chidzamera. Zitha kuchitika kuti imadzaza malo onse am'madzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mumafunikira udzu, kuchotsa tchire lowonjezera.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Vallisneria spiral ndi chomera chosabereka bwino, komabe, ngati sichisamalidwa bwino, chimatha kudwala ndikufa. Kupezeka kwa matenda nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa magawo am'madzi: kuwonjezeka kwamtundu wa dzimbiri ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, acidity ndi kuuma.

Vallisneria sikumakhala pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri, kuuma kwamadzi ambiri, kuyatsa kosakwanira, kusowa kwathunthu kwa michere munthaka, komanso m'madzi amchere. Zomera zimafa ndikasiyidwa masamba, ndiye kuti kupatulira mitengo ndiyofunikira pokhapokha tchuni zowonjezera. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa masamba a masamba kungawononge Wallisneria.

Mtengo wa spisal wallisneria zimatengera kukula kwa mbeuyo. Tchire laling'ono komanso lalitali limawononga ma ruble 200-300, lalikulu - mpaka 400-500 rubles.

Vallisneria spiral - chomera chokongola komanso chopanda chidwi, choyenera koyamba kuyang'ana m'madzi. Momwe amasungidwira ndikusamalidwa moyenera, imakula mwachangu, ndikupanga nkhokwe zowirira zomwe zimakongoletsa malo am'madzi komanso potha nsomba. Chosungira chomera chomwe chimakhala ndi mbewu zomwe chimakhala ndi masamba osawoneka bwino ozungulira chimakopa chidwi cha owonayo, ndipo kuthekera kwa wallisneria kuyamwa zinthu zachilengedwe zosungunuka m'madzi kumakhudza bwino mkhalidwe wa nsomba ndi ma invertebrates.

Ngati mumakonda nkhaniyo kapena muli ndi chowonjezera, siyani ndemanga zanu.

Wallisneria American

Vallisneria americana var. americana

Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, sichitengera chidwi chake chokha. American Wallisneria ili ndi mawonekedwe ambiri omwe amasiyanasiyana m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa masamba.

Kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium: Mukabzala vallisneria m'madzi anu am'madzi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewuyo imakula mpaka 1 mita, kotero ikhoza kuyipitsa kuyatsa kwa dziko lapansi pansi pa madzi anu. Ngati mungaganizirepo zotenga udzu wamadzi, ndiye kuti munyamule anthu okhala m'madzi am'madzi, omwe ndioyenera kusinthika.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Vallisneria americana imawoneka bwino kwambiri m'mizinda yayikulu kwambiri. Njira yabwino yobzala ndi pafupi mbewu 4 pa 20 cm2.

Vallisneria American ndi chomera chakumaso, motero chimabzalidwa kumbuyo kwa khoma lakumbuyo kwa aquarium.

Chovuta kusiya: otsika.

Kukula: ndikotheka kudula masamba, koma sikofunikira. Mukadulira, mawonekedwe a chomera akuipiraipira ndikukula akufupika.

Ntchito: zamasamba, zofanana.

Vallisneria ozungulira

MALO A WALLISNERIA UZIMA

Vallisneria americana var. biwaensis

Giant wallisneria

Chomera chosasinthika cham'madzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, aquarium imafunikira magawo olimba. Pazifukwa izi, chimphona chachikulu cha wallisneria sichotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi. Chimakula ndi kuyatsa koyenera bwino chaka chonse.

Vallisneria nana (wamtali)

Vallisneria nana

Ili ndi gawo lalitali lokula ndipo ndi losangalatsa kuposa Wallisneria ina, mwinanso wopanda ulemu. Vallisneria nana amakula bwino m'madzi otumphukira kwambiri pamtunda wa 25-29 ° C, amalolera kupatuka pamitundu iyi. Zimapanga njira zambiri zamkati ndipo, pansi pazabwino, zimakula mwachangu. Dwarf Wallisneria ali ndi nthawi yotalikirapo kuposa ina Wallisneria. Ngati mbewuyo ilandiridwa bwino, ndiye kuti ipereka ana aakazi mosalekeza.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Mzere waku Vallisneria uli ponseponse pafupifupi konsekonse padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri imamera m'madzi okhala ndi madzi abwino m'malo otentha komanso okhala kum'mwera kwa Central Asia ndi America. Ku Europe mdziko lapansi, ili m'mipata yayikulu kufalikira kwa mitsinje yambiri. Itha kupezeka, mwachitsanzo, pa Dnieper, Bug, Volga, Don ndi Kuban.

Phindu la Aquarium

Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa kokongola, tchire zazikulu izi zimapanga gawo la mtundu wa zosefera mu aquarium. Amachotsa ma nitrogen, ma nitrate, nitrites, phosphates ndi zinthu zina zambiri zoyipa m'madzi. Poterepa, madzi amalemera ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Miyeso ya Aquarium

Mukamasankha kukula kwa aquarium for spiral wallisneria, ndikofunikira kutengera kuchokera poti imakula mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu, ndikupanga nthenga zazitali pamwamba pa thankiyo, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwunikiraku ndikukusokoneza moyo wa nsomba ndi nyama zina zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndipamwamba. Amadziphimba kuti afupikitse masamba, chifukwa m'malo omwe amadulira amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kuvunda ndi kufa kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha mizera yayikulu ikakhala yotheka komanso zitsanzo zazitali. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza tchire lonse, kuchulukana, kulumikizana ndi wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi mphukira za masharubu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudula mosamala antenna mbali zonse ziwiri za chomera chomwe chachotsedwa, ndikuchichotsa pansi. Ndikofunika kuti muchotse mbewu zakale zomwe zidataya kale zokongoletsera zawo.

Magawo amadzi

Kusunga mpweya wozungulira, kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala kuchokera madigiri makumi awiri ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Popewa kutentha kwambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za aquarium. Pamatenthedwe otsika, mbewu imamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba amakula pang'ono. Zomwe zimachitikanso ngati madzi mu tank ali ovuta. Iyenera kukhala yofewa, yosalowerera kapena ya asidi pang'ono. Madzi amafunika kuti asinthidwe pang'ono, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, sabata iliyonse. Izi ndizofunikira kuti chomera cha aquarium chikule bwino komanso chizikhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino.

Kuwala

Vallisneria spiral imakula mu kuwala kowala komanso modekha mokwanira. Ngati kuperewera kwakukulu kuwoneka, ndiye kuti masamba azomera amatengeka pang'ono kutalika komanso kutalika. Potere, ngati kuwunikira kowonjezereka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyikapo nyali yamtundu uliwonse (fluorescent, daylight, etc.) pamwamba pa aquarium. Ngati ndi kotheka, malo oyambira nyanja amayenera kukhala kuti azitha kulandira kuwala kwachilengedwe momwe kungathekere. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa wallisneria ndi zomwera zam'madzi zoyandikana, komanso pazosowa za anthu ena okhala mu thankiyo, maola masana amatha kukhala maola asanu ndi atatu mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi.

Kudulira

Mu spisal wallisneria, mizu yake imapangidwa bwino kuti imere m'madzi am'madzi, mizu yake ikukula motsikira. Chifukwa chake, dothi liyenera kukhala losachepera masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri ndipo limakhala ndi mchenga wa imvi kapena miyala yabwino. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kuyambitsa mizu yaying'ono.

Kutalika ndi michere nthaka

Vallisneria spiral ikhoza kugulidwa mu malo ogulitsira apadera komanso kwa obereketsa wamba. Mtengo wamba wa chitsamba chimodzi ndi ma ruble makumi asanu kapena kupitilira apo.

Kuti chomera chikule bwino ndikuchulukitsa m'madzimo, muyenera kugula moyenera. Masamba a spiralis vallisneria ayenera kukhala owala bwino, osakhala ndi zowonongeka komanso malo owonongeka. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi zitsanzo zaunyamata, koma zopangidwa bwino, chifukwa mbewu zazikulu kwambiri sizilekerera kusintha kwachilengedwe ndipo zimatha kufa ndikusintha.

Asanabzalidwe mu aquarium, spisal valisneria iyenera kutsukidwa kwathunthu ndi madzi ofunda oyeretsedwa, ngati tinthu tating'ono ta algae kapena nkhono tamangiririka, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Mizu yake imakonzedwa kutalika kwa dothi, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikule mwachangu, ndipo, chifukwa chake, wallisneria iyamba kukulira mwachangu.

Vallisneria spiral ndi chomera chachikulu chomwe chimatenga mwachangu zinthu za mchere, motero chimafunikira dothi labwino. Mukabzala mu aquarium yatsopano yoyera, muyenera kuyika dothi losakanizika ndi dongo m'malo omwe mizu imalumikizidwa.

Mukabzala mbewu m'nthaka, osazifukiza kwambiri, popeza mizu ya khoma lowuma ndiyofowoka kwambiri; pakukonzekera, imakhazikika mu aquarium. Impso zokulira ziyenera kusiyidwa pamtunda.

Kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira

Ndikofunikira kusefa madzi m'madzi amumadzi ndi spiral wallisneria, ndipo kuyeretsa kwamakina ndi mankhwala kumachitika. Izi zimachotsa zinyalala za nsomba ndi anthu ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenda kochepa komwe kudapangidwa pamenepa kumagawanitsa masamba azithunzithunzi zazikuluzonse pamwamba pa chidebe, zomwe ndizofunikira, zonse zokongola komanso kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti fyuluta ikhale pafupi ndi Vallisneria spiral landings.

Popeza mtengowu umatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu, nkhanu zake zowuma zitha kuwapatsa mwayi anthu okhala m'madzimo. Koma izi zimangochitika masana. Ndipo mumdima, vallisneria yokha, monga mbewu zina, imayamwa ndikupanga kuperewera kwa mpweya mu thanki, chifukwa chake pakufunika. Kuphatikiza apo, posakanikirana ndi wosanjikiza wamadzi, imapereka kutentha kofananako m'malo onse amadzimadzi ndikuletsa kusiyana kwake. Komanso, ndikuchulukitsa kuyenda kwa dothi, imayambitsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya ena m'nthaka, omwe amathandizira kuyeretsa kwatsalira mwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Inde, dothi lokhalokha lokha limabzala malo azomera ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Komabe, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi posintha gawo lamadzi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa m'madzi am'madzi (mapiritsi, granules, pastes). Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'madzi akuluakulu am'madzi okhala ndi anthu ambiri, omwe amatenga michere mwachangu. Poyeretsa chidebe chokhala ndiotseka wallisneria, sikofunikira kuchotsa sludge yambiri. Ngati aquarium ndi yatsopano kapena ngati pakufunika kusintha madzi momwemo, muyenera kukhazikitsa feteleza kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Izi ndichifukwa choti sludge kulibe mu akasinja oterowo, ndipo, chifukwa chake, palibe gwero kuti chomera chilandire michere.

Kugwirizana ndi ena okhala m'madzi am'madzi

Mukabzala mu aquarium, munthu ayenera kuganizira osati zokhazo zomwe amafunikira, komanso zomwe zimafunidwa ndi anthu omwe akukhala momwemo. Zimagwirizana ndi:

5. Ceratopteris (kabichi yamadzi).

Mwa zosagwirizana zomwe tingatchule:

Zofunika! Komanso, nsomba zina, mwachitsanzo, ma cichlids, zimatha kudya masamba am'merowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.

Matenda, zovuta pakukonza ndi malangizo okula

Vallisneria nthawi zambiri amayamba kudwala ndikuchepa kapena kuchuluka m'madzi azakudya zazikulu:

• Kusowa kwa chitsulo kumayambitsa chikaso cha masamba ndi kufa kwa mbewu. Pakadali pano, mutha kuwonjezera sulfate mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a milligram pa lita imodzi yamadzi kamodzi pa sabata. Kuchulukitsa izi, mbewuyi imasinthanso chikaso, koma mitsempha yake imakhalabe yobiriwira. Kuti muchepetse kusintha kwake, muyenera kuwonjezera manganese m'madzi pang'ono,
• Kuperewera kwa calcium kumatha kutsimikizidwa ndi malangizo achikasu a masamba. Potere, mutha kuyika ma tebulo akulu mu aquarium, kuphatikiza, adzaphatikizanso zokongoletsera zina.
• Ngati masamba a wallisneria atayamba kutembenukira chikasu m'mphepete, kenako malo onsewo kwathunthu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukula kwake kumalephereka, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti ikusowa nayitrogeni. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa aquarium kukhala kutentha kovuta masiku angapo. Izi zikuthandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo m'madzi,
• Ndikusowa kwa phosphorous, masamba achichepere achinyalala amaterera ndipo amapiringa mwamphamvu, ndipo akalewo amakhala okutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Mwakutero, muyenera kuwonjezera feteleza wa phosphorous kumadzi molingana ndi malangizo,
• Ngati mawanga achikasu kapena a bulauni amawonekera pa masamba, ndiye vallisneria ilibe potaziyamu yokwanira. Muzochitika zotere, kuwonjezera magalamu awiri pa malita zana a madzi ku aquarium sabata iliyonse
• Kudetsa masamba a masamba ndi chizindikiro cha kuperewera kwa boron. Kuphatikizidwa kwa asidi wa boric mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a milligram pa lita imodzi yamadzi lithandizira kuthetsa vutoli,
• Kutayika kwa mtundu wake wachilengedwe ndi mbewu ndi kufa kwa masamba ake kumawonetsa kusowa kwa mkuwa m'madzi. Potere, muyenera kuwonjezera magawo khumi a milligram ya mkuwa wa sulfate pa lita imodzi yamadzi ku aquarium. Chomera chikangobwezeretsedwanso, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuyimitsidwa, popeza vallisneria silivomerezanso kuchuluka kwazitsulo.

Matenda onse awa ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Popeza kuyambitsidwa kwazinthu zilizonse kungakhudze anthu ena okhala dziwe. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mupange feteleza woyenera wamafuta amitundu iliyonse posintha gawo lamadzi.

Omwe am'madzi ambiri pochiza matenda ena am'madzi amawonjezera mchere kumadzi. Ngati vallisneria imera m'madzi, ndimaletsedwa kuchita izi, chifukwa chimachepetsa kukula, komanso kukhudzana ndi madzi amchere nthawi yayitali, imatha kufa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuthengo, amakhala wokhalamo madzi abwino.

Yang'anani! Madzi omwe amathiridwa mu aquarium ndi vallisneria amafunika kusefedwa, chifukwa dzimbiri kuchokera m'mapaipi amadzi achitsulo amatha kulowa mkati mwake, ndipo m'magulu silivomera. Pazifukwa zomwezo, zotengera zokhala ndi mafelemu achitsulo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zosangalatsa

Mukakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kupanga masamba makumi asanu mpaka mazana angapo a mbewu zaakazi. Chifukwa chake, mutasankha pakufika, muyenera kukonzekera kuti muthe kuwononga pafupipafupi nkhokwe zoweta. Koma iyi si ntchito yovuta motero, sizitengera nthawi yambiri ndikuchita khama, ndipo thunzi lokonzekeratu bwino la masamba okhala ndi masamba oyambira mawonekedwe ndi mtundu lidzakhala chokongoletsera chilichonse cha aquarium.

Pomaliza

Vallisneria ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera komanso yothandiza popanga chosungira. Mtengowo umakhala ndi phindu pa malo okhala m'madzimo, kuyeretsa ndikukwaniritsa madzi ndi mpweya, ungakhale pothaŵirapo chifukwa cha kuwuma komanso malo owonerera. Woimira uyu wa banja-lofiira samakakamira pazomwe akukhala, chifukwa chitha kubzalira bwino oyamba am'madzi.