Chiwombankhanga ndi kachilombo kosasangalatsa komanso koopsa komwe kamayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama. Osangokhala ndi chizolowezi chake chonyansa, cholakwika, komanso kuluma kowawa. Momwe mungadzitetezere ku ma magazi am'madzi awa? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa zambiri za tizilombo, zizolowezi zawo, malo ofooka, chifukwa chiyani amaziwukira konse, etc.

pazithunzi ng'ombe

Kufotokozera ndi malo okhala

Mahatchi ndi tizilombo touluka touluka kuchokera ku banja la ma dipterans. Yokhala gawo lamagulu a Short-Command. Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo. Mahatchi amakhala kumayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. Sangokhala ku Iceland ndi Greenland kokha. Ntchentchezi ndizofala:

• ku Europe ndi Asia,
• ku America,
• ku Siberia,
• ku Africa,
• ku Caucasus
• ku Russia ndi CIS.

Amakhala kwambiri m'malo a nkhalango, mapiri, malo achipululu, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Koma malo omwe amakondera kwambiri mahatchi ndi malo onyowa ndi malo odyetserako ng'ombe. Apa ntchito za ntchentchezi ndizambiri.

Pakadali pano, pafupifupi mitundu 4,000 ya mahatchi amodzi ndi sayansi. Pafupifupi 200 amakhala ku Russia ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo.

Kodi chiwonetsero cha mahatchi chimawoneka bwanji? Poyamba, mukayiyang'ana, zitha kuwoneka ngati ntchentche yayikulu kutalika kwa 1.5-2 cm. Koma ngati mungayang'ane kachilombo kameneka kapena pansi pa microscope, mawonekedwe ake owonekera amawonekera:

• Mutu wam'mutu, wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso wolumikizidwa ndi thupi ndi "khosi" lopyapyala.
• Maso akulu amkati amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Chida cham'kamwa ndi chodula chopindika, chomwe chili ndi mbale 6 zoonda zomwe zimakhala chala. Alinso ndi maphunziro apadera, mothandizidwa ndi omwe kavalo wamkaka amapaka misuzi yosiyanasiyana yosungirako kapena kuthetsa ludzu.
• Thupi lanyama kubisa stilettos lakuthwa.
• Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala ngati nyanga.
• Mapiko owonekera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri - osasuta kapena mauna) okhala ndi mitsempha yosaoneka.
• Wolemba "mchira" wamimba lathyathyathya (nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawalo opindika atatu).
• Thupi loyera ndi chofunda. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa akazi imakhala yozungulira kuposa amuna.
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala kumbuyo kwa mapiko. Zikomo kwa iwo, magawo omwe ali ndi nthomba nthawi ya kuthawa ndikupanga mawu.

Monga mukuwonera, maonekedwe a mahatchi ndi achindunji. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe ka thupi ndi thupi zimaloleza kudya magazi komanso zakudya zamasamba. Chilombo ichi sichikhala ndi mbola. Ntchentche imeneyi imaluma mimbulu yake ndi nsagwada zamphamvu.

Zovala mahatchi siziwoneka bwino: zimatha kuzimiririka za imvi, zofiirira, komanso zachikaso. Chifukwa chake, kachilombo koyamwa magazi kameneka kamaphatikizana mosavuta ndi chilengedwe.

Habitat ndi umunthu

Tizilombo timeneti timatha kuchita zambiri, timatha kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo - amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi kupatula chipululu chomwe chili ndi nyengo yotentha. Ngati padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 3.5, ndiye ku Russia pali 200 a iwo.

Thupi la tizilombo limatha kukula mpaka 3 cm, kunja ndi lofanana ndi ntchentche zazikulu zazikulu. Amakhala ndi mapiko owala osawonekera, kumbuyo kwawo kuli chinyontho.

Chachilendo cha kapangidwe kameneka ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi m'mimba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi ma proboscis okhala ndi makongoletsedwe olimba. Amakhala ndi masomphenya abwino, amakupatsani mwayi woti muwone yemwe akukhudzidwayo ali kutali.

Akazi ndi amuna amasiyana maonekedwe. Ngati akazi ali ndi maso otambalala, ndiye kuti amuna mtunda pakati pa maso ndi wocheperako. Amuna nawonso amakhala ndi mimba yoloza, koma mbali yamkamwa, mosiyana ndi zazikazi, ilibe mawu.

Pamodzi ndi tizilombo tina tofananira, agulugufe amakhala ndi moyo wamsongole. Amadya magazi a omwe amawazunza - nyama ngakhale anthu.

Mosiyana ndi izi, ma gadget, mwachitsanzo, ochepa kwambiri, amakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje m'thupi lamatsitsi. Ngati mahatchi amaluma nyama kuti apeze chakudya, ndiye kuti agwape amakonda kuseketsa mazira pansi pa khungu.

Zoyang'ana m'moyo

Vutoli limayimiriridwa ndi akavalo achikazi omwe amadya magazi a nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, samazunza osautsidwa chifukwa cha zakudya zokha, komanso kuti athe kupeza magazi ofunikira pokonzekera dzira.

Mothandizidwa ndi phenoscis, chiwombankhanga chimadula khungu la munthu wovulalayo, chifukwa chomwe chilonda chimapangidwa, chomwe chingakhale magazi a kachilombo. Kuluma kumodzi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi mpaka 200 mg. Koma tizilombo taimphona timadyera timadzi tokongola tach maluwa, ma mphutsi ndi nseru.

Mahatchi amakonda kuthira nkhondo munthu wonyanyala. Koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kutengera chidwi chake pamthunzi wakuda wa chinyama, fungo la thukuta kapena thupi lonyowa la nyama yosuntha.

Akadya magazi, nthawi yomweyo wamkazi amayamba kumugaya. M'matumbo a mkazi amene amakhala ndi umuna, zakudya zosamwa kwambiri zimapezeka patatha masiku awiri kuchokera kuluma. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-4, iye ali wokonzeka kuyikira mazira. Kukula kwa zomangamanga kumatha kufika ma 100-1000 ma PC. nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuzungulira kwa chakudya kumafika mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi pachaka. Ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mazira komwe kumayikidwa kungakhale pafupifupi ma 3,500 ma PC.

Kwa mphutsi zachilengedwe, dothi lonyowa kapena madzi ndi abwino. Chifukwa chake, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, ndipo amakhala otentha kwambiri nthawi yotentha.

Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza

Horsefly ndi nthumwi ya banja la tizilombo ta hatchi (dongosolo ndi diptera), kapena m'malo mwake, woimira mahatchi amtundu. Awa ndi ntchentche zamphumphu, kukula kwa ntchentche kapena kukula kwa bumblebee, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa zilombo zokhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Maso awo achitsulo kapena utawaleza amapezeka amphongo mwaimuna komanso mosiyana ndi akazi.

Pakamwa pawo pali chida chofanana ndi chaching'ono. Mayina ena a tizilombo ndi khutu ndi khutu. Mtundu umodzi wodziwika bwino (Tabanus lineola) uli ndi maso obiriwira ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mutu wobiriwira. Mitundu ya lofi, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi mbawala ya ntchentche, imakhala yocheperapo kuposa mahatchi ndipo imakhala ndi zikwangwani zakuda pamapiko.

Kuluma kowawa kwamitengo yambiri ya ntchentche izi kumachepetsa kupanga mkaka mu mkaka ndi ng'ombe zazingwe ndikutchingira kudyetsa ng'ombe ndi mahatchi, popeza nyama zomwe zikuwomberazi zimakumana. Nyama zimatha kuvulala ngakhale kuthawa ntchentchezi. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa magazi kumatha kukhala kofunikira kwambiri.

Kanema: Gulugufe

Ntchentche zikuluzikulu izi, zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zamphamvu komanso zodukiza, zimazungulira kapena kutsatira cholinga chawo mwamanyazi kukakamira kuti apange jakisoni opweteka pakhungu ndikuyamwa magazi. Ntchentche zimatha kulumikizana ndi alendo kwa mphindi zochepa, kenako zimachoka mpaka zikafunikiranso kudya, zomwe zimachitika masiku atatu aliwonse.

Zomwe zimalepheretsa kulumwa kwambiri ndi chiwombankhanga sichimafala, koma zimatha kudziwika ndi zina zowonjezera:

• kumva chizungulire komanso kufooka,
• dyspnea,
• khungu lotupa kwakanthawi, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira maso ndi milomo.

Pali zovuta zingapo zomwe sizigwirizana.

Muyenera kuyimba ambulansi kuti muone zizindikiro zilizonse za anaphylaxis, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• kutupa, kuyabwa, kapena zotupa,
• nkhope, milomo, mikono ndi miyendo zimatupa kwambiri,
• kutupa kwa mmero ndi lilime ndi zizindikiro zowopsa,
• kusanza, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• zovuta kumeza kapena kupuma.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani gulugufe amatchedwa choncho?

Mpaka pano, anthu ambiri amakangana za komwe mawu oti "kachilombo kahatchi" adachokera. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kachilomboka adapeza dzina lotere chifukwa nthawi zambiri limayesa kuluma munthu kapena nyama m'diso. Monga ngati akufuna kuchititsa khungu mnzake.

Amakhulupiriranso kuti gulugufe amatchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi. Panthawi yovulazidwa komanso ilumidwa, kachilombo kameneka kamakonda magazi kotero kuti sazindikira chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, imakhala ngati kuti ndi yovuta kuwona - pamapeto, imatha kuphedwa mosavuta kapena kungochotsa dzanja kuchokera ku chiweto chomwe chidacho chimayamwa.

Koma kwenikweni, chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi maso abwino, omwe amamuthandiza kupeza chakudya ndikusaka. Akatswiri ena am'mawu akuti ngakhale magazi ophulika awa amawona ozunzidwa ali pafupi mtunda wa mita pafupifupi 1000. Zowona, kavalo kavalo makamaka amawona zovuta zamtundu wa zinthu ndikuchita poyenda. Pazifukwa izi, nthawi zambiri mahatchi amavala zolakwika ndi nyama, ndimapita ndikulondola galimoto, bwato kapena sitima.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi chiwombankhanga chimawoneka bwanji?

Chiwombankhanga ndi ntchentche yamtambo wakuda, yokhala ndi mapiko otuwa otuwa komanso maso owoneka amaso. Ntchentche zachikulire ndi zofiirira, zaubweya, zamphamvu, zazitali masentimita 1,7, zofanana ndi njuchi zauchi, kupatula kuti zimakhala ndi mapiko amodzi okha. Pali malo ena owoneka onunkhira pamapiko a mahatchi.

Mphutsi zokhwima bwino zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 0.6 mpaka 1.27 masentimita ndipo zimakhala ndi khungu loyera kapena loyera. Amakhala ndi malekezero kumbuyo (kumbuyo) kumapeto ndi kutsika kumapeto kwake (kumbuyo), komwe kuli mbali ziwiri zamphamvu zamkamwa. Gawo lirilonse la thupi limazunguliridwa ndi malovu olimba. Zingwe za mahatchi okhala ndi magawo asanu ndipo zimakhala zazifupi m'munsi, zimayamba kuwonda kwambiri mbali iliyonse. Tizilomboti timakhala totalika komanso kocheperako. Mapiko a Horsefish nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima kapena owonekera kwathunthu.

Chosangalatsa: Njira yosavuta yodziwira kavalo ndikuwona kukula kwake. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tating'onoting'ono poyerekeza ndi ntchentche zina zoluma. Amuna ali ndi maso okulirapo kotero kuti amagwira chisoti chachifumu.

Sikuti ntchentche zonse zimadalira madzi, koma mitundu yambiri imayikira mazira awo pazomera zomwe zimakula pafupi ndi dziwe, mitsinje, ndi mitsinje. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mphutsi zam'madzi, pomwe zina zimakhala munthaka. Onse amadya ma invertebrates ena mpaka atakonzeka kutulutsa ndikukula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukumana ndi mphutsi kuzungulira maiwe. Mafamu nthawi zambiri amakhala malo otentha a ntchentchezi, chifukwa amakopeka ndi ziweto ndi mahatchi.

Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe zimachitika ndikalumwa ndi kachilomboka. Tiwone komwe kachilombo kamapezeka.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Mosiyana ndi gulugufe, mahatchi siizilombo. Tizilombo timeneti ndi cha chisa, chifukwa timadyera magazi a zinyama. Kuuluka kwa chiwombankhanga kumayamba kutentha kutentha kukayamba mpaka +15 ° C. Pakati Russia, izi ndi pafupifupi makumi awiri Meyi. Kummwera - pang'ono koyambirira.

Monga tidanenera pamwambapa, mahatchi amaoneka bwino munkhalango, minda, mapiri, komanso zipululu komanso malo akumapiri. Ntchentche zoyamwa magazi izi zimakonda kusaka pafupi ndi dziwe, chifukwa pali chinyezi chofunikira pamoyo wawo. Mwa njira, mphutsi za mahatchi amitundu yambiri zimakhala m'madzi. Akuluakulu amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse kuuluka.

Komanso, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mosiyana ndi udzudzu ndi ma midges, ngati dzuwa lotentha ndi nyengo yotentha, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito masana nthawi yachilimwe komanso masiku otentha. Ntchentche zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi moyo mvula isanabwere, koma ndi nyengo yoyipa ndi mphepo sizimawuluka ndipo sizisaka. Chosiyana ndi mahatchi amvula, omwe amatha kuwononga ngakhale mvula yowala.

Ambiri pachabe amakhulupirira kuti mahatchi amakudya magazi okha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amuna azilombo zouluka zonsezi ndi "azinyama". Amadya mungu wam'mera, timadzi tokoma tating'onoting'ono, mphutsi, nsabwe ndi zina. Izi ndizofunikira kuti apitirize mtundu, kapena,, kuti apititse mazira.

Nthawi yomweyo, pakudya kamodzi, mkazi aliyense amatha kuyamwa mpaka 200 mg. Koma zazimayi zopanda zipatso, zimalekerera mosavuta kupezeka kwa zakudya zama protein ndipo zimakhutira ndi zakudya zamasamba.

Kodi mbalame zahatchi zimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta hatchi

Mahatchi, monga lamulo, amakhala m'nkhalango. Mitundu nthawi zambiri imadyera masana ndipo imawonekera kwambiri pamasiku abata, otentha, dzuwa. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumatauni akumidzi ndi kumidzi pafupi ndi dziwe lomwe limakhala malo osungirako ziweto, komanso komwe magulu azam'madzi ambiri.

Mphutsi zimamera m'matumbo a nyama zanyengo yozizira. M'mapeto a dzinja komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya masika, mphutsi zachikulire zimapezeka ndowe zomwe zimabweretsa alendo. Kuchokera pamenepo, amakumba m'nthaka ndikupanga mwana waudzu kuchokera pakhungu lawo mphutsi zomaliza. Zimasanduka ntchentche zachikulire mkati mwa chimbudzi ndipo zimawonekera pakatha milungu 3 mpaka 10.

Akuluakulu amagwira ntchito kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Tizilombo tambiri timene timatayira mazira patsitsi la akavalo, makamaka pa tsitsi lakutsogolo, komanso pamimba, mapewa ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Mazira amawaswa pambuyo masiku 10-140 ndikusokonekera koyenera (chinyezi, kutentha ndi kusokonekera) komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kavalo kunyambita kapena kuluma tsitsi lomwe lili ndi dzira.

Mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono zoyambira (m'badwo) zimalowa mkamwa ndi kukumba mu lilime kwa pafupifupi masiku 28 zisanayambe kuluma ndikusunthira m'mimba, pomwe zimakhala kwa miyezi 9 mpaka 10, ndikuyamba gawo lachitatu patatha pafupifupi milungu isanu. Mbadwo umodzi wamahatchi amakula chaka chimodzi.

Kuswana

Kusamalira kubereka ndi kubereka ana agalu amphaka kumayambira nyengo yotentha. Nthawi yeniyeni ndi nthawi yankhokwe yodziwikiratu imadziwika ndi mitundu ya tizilombo komanso nyengo yanyumba.

Zomwe zimachitika pakakhala mahatchi ena amakhala ndi magawo anayi:

• Dzira. Mkazi m'modzi amagonera 400 mpaka 1000 zidutswa.
• Larva. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe. Popanda miyendo.
• Poll. Akumbutsa chidole cha gulugufe wamba.
• Imago (wamkulu). Nthawi yawo yokhala yochepa. Nthawi zambiri mwezi uno ndi umodzi. Nthawi zina, chilimwe.

Ndiye kuti, kachilomboka ndi kachilombo komwe kamasinthika kwathunthu. Chiyembekezero chonse chamoyo kuyambira nthawi yoyikira mazira mpaka kufa kwa imago ndi zaka 4. Izi ndizambiri. Tizilombo tambiri timakhala tating'ono kwambiri.

Njira yeniyeni ya kubereka kwawo ndi yofanana ndi mtundu wa kubereka mwa ma dipterans ena. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, amuna omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakwatirana, ndipo pakapita kanthawi wamkazi amapanga mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, mahatchi apakati amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi magazi a anthu ndi nyama zamagazi ofunda.

Zotsatira zake, kupopa magazi, wamkazi pakapita nthawi amayamba kuyikira mazira pamulu:

• pansi pamasamba,
• pamitanda ya mbewu
• m'madzi,
• kulowa m'malo onyowa
• m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje, dziwe kapena nyanja,

Mphutsi zamtundu wamtchire zimaswa pakatha masiku 3-8 kapena kupitirira. Kenako imakhala moyo wam'madzi kapena wam'madzi, kudya nkhono zazing'ono, tizilombo, mphutsi, kapena zinyalala. Mphutsi zina zimachita ngakhale ukatswiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikufuna kuthetsa lingaliro limodzi lodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu. Zimakhudzanso mfundo yoti mahatchi owoneka kuti amatha kuyika mazira awo ndi mphutsi pansi pa khungu la anthu kapena nyama. Izi sizili choncho. Ndi gulugufe yekha amene amatha kuchita izi. Gulugufe amaikira mazira m'madzi, udzu, dothi lonyowa komanso malo ena otetezedwa ndi dzuwa.

Ponena za gawo la mphutsi, zimatha pafupifupi chaka. Komanso, mphutsi zimatha kukhala nthawi yachisanu. Pakatikati, kumapetozi kumayamba. Amakwawa m'malo ouma, pomwe amasandulika pupae. Gawo lokha limatenga masiku asanu mpaka masabata angapo. Kenako kachilombo kachikulire kamaonekera.

Kodi chiwombankhanga chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Chiwombankhanga chachikulu

Mahatchi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amadya timadzi tokoma, koma zazikazi zimafunikira magazi zisanachulukane bwino. Kuluma kwa mahatchi achikazi, makamaka akuluakulu, kumatha kukhala kowawa kwambiri chifukwa milomo yawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubowola ndi kupera, mosiyana ndi udzudzu, womwe umangoboola khungu ndi kuyamwa magazi.Ali ndi mano owoneka ngati mano omwe amadula khungu lotseguka, kenako amasula anticoagulant kuti aletse magazi kuyamwa kwinaku akusangalala ndi chakudya.

Chosangalatsa: Mahatchi achikazi amafunika mpaka 0,5 ml ya magazi kuti abereke, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwawo. Amatha kutenga pafupifupi 200 mg yamagazi m'mphindi zochepa.

Kulumidwa kwa Horsefish kumatha kukhala kwamagulu akulu, ofiira, otupa, mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Anthu ena amanenanso kuti akumva kutentha thupi, kufooka, komanso nseru. Kwa ambiri, alibe vuto lililonse, koma ndizovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina, anthu ena amatha kudwala chifukwa chokhala ndi chizungu, kugwedezeka, kupuma movutikira, zotupa pakhungu, komanso kutupa kwambiri komwe kumatha kuwonekera pamilomo kapena lilime.

Mahatchi ndi odyetsa pakapita nthawi. Kuluma kwawoko nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa wolakwiridwayo kuyankha, motero ntchentche imakakamizidwa kusamukira kumalo ena. Chifukwa chake, zimatha kukhala zonyamula zonyamula matenda ena a nyama ndi anthu. Akazi amtundu wa kavalo amakhalanso mosalekeza ndipo, monga lamulo, apitiliza kuluma alendo mpaka atakwanitsa kupeza chakudya chawo chamwazi kapena akaphedwa. Amadziwikanso kuti amakwaniritsa zolinga zawo kwakanthawi kochepa. Mitundu ina imanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma matenda ambiri onyamula ntchentche, amangophatikizidwa ndi ziweto zokha.

Pantchito zakunja, valani zovala zamtundu wowoneka bwino komanso zophatikizira tizilombo kuti tilephere kuluma. Ngati akuphatikizidwa m'mapangidwe, njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera ndi kupatula, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana zitseko zonse ndi mawindo.

Chifukwa chiyani mahatchi owopsa ali pachiwopsezo?

Choyamba, poti zimabisalira pakuluma zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kuyipa kwamthupi:

• chifuwa
• kuyabwa
• kutupa,
• mkwiyo,
• kutentha kokweza, etc.

Mu ana aang'ono ndi anthu oganiza bwino, edema, zotupa zowonjezereka komanso kufiira kwambiri kumachitika kawirikawiri, motsatana ndi kuwonongeka kwaumoyo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa zigawo za m'mimba. Nthawi yomweyo, tsamba lowumayo pafupifupi limakonda kumeza. Nthawi zina m'malo mwake mumakhala mutu wovuta wopweteka, womwe umadutsa milungu ingapo.

Koma kulumidwa ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa kuchokera kwa iwo ndizotalikirana ndi vuto lokhalo, chifukwa cha omwe chiwombankhanga chimakhala chowopsa. Zina mwazilombo izi ndizonyamula matenda ndi matenda. Mwa iwo:

• anthrax,
• tularemia,
• polio,
• filariasis,
• trypanosomiasis, etc.

Chifukwa chake, ngati vuto la mahatchi atadwala malungo kapena zizindikiro zina zikaonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Zowonongeka zazikulu zowononga mahatchi zimachitika chifukwa chaulimi ndi kudyera nyama. Ng'ombe zimavutika ndi ntchito yawo, kuwukira ndi kuluma. Zotsatira zake, kupirira kumatsika pamahatchi, zokolola za mkaka mu ng'ombe zimachepa, ndipo nkhumba zimatha kuyamba kuchepera thupi kapena kuzipeza pang'ono.

Kodi pali phindu lililonse kuchokera kwa mahatchi? Monga mukudziwa, palibe chilichonse mwachilengedwe. Tizilombo timeneti ndi chakudya cha mbalame zambiri komanso nsomba. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa ziwerengero zawo kungayambitse vuto lalikulu kuzungulira kwazungulira.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Bullfly

Mahatchi akuluakulu othamanga, othamanga amphamvu, otha kuwuluka oposa 48 km, ngakhale nthawi zambiri samafalikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amatsutsa zinthu zoyenda komanso zakuda. Mahatchi nthawi zambiri amapuma pamisewu ndi misewu, makamaka m'malo a nkhalango momwe eni omwe akuyembekezerawa akuyembekezera. Ntchentche zimakopa kuwala ndipo nthawi zina zimasonkhana m'mazenera. Zovala mahatchi zimakonda kupezeka nyengo yotentha ndi mphepo yowala, mwachitsanzo, masana mkati mwa chilimwe. Zimatha kukhala tizirombo tambiri mabingu akakhala limodzi ndi nyengo yotentha.

Mahatchi ozungulira nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti amagwira ntchito masana. Amakonda kudya magazi a ng'ombe monga ng'ombe ndi mahatchi. Izi zimatha kukhala zovuta chifukwa mahatchi amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angayambitse matenda amtundu wina wa ziweto, zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti chuma chichepe. Ndipo, mwatsoka, kavalo sakhala ndi mavuto akakudya pa anthu kapena ziweto, akapatsidwa mwayi wotere.

Chosangalatsa: Monga tizilombo tina tomwe timayamwa magazi, monga, mwachitsanzo, udzudzu, zazikazi zazikazi zamahatchi zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiritso zonse zaukadaulo ndi zowoneka kuti zizipeza olondera. Carbon dioxide wopangidwa ndi nyama yamagazi ofunda imapereka chizindikiro chakutali kuti athe kukopa ntchentcheyo kuchokera patali, pomwe zizindikilo zooneka monga kuyenda, kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wakuda zimakopa chidwi cha mahatchi pamaulendo atali.

Gulugufe ndi gulugufe ndi zofanana?

Inde sichoncho. Izi ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tomwe tili m'mabanja osiyanasiyana. Zida ndi mahatchi amasiyana:

• kapangidwe
• mawonekedwe
• machitidwe
• zoweta,
• zakudya (mwachitsanzo, agwape akuluakulu, mosiyana ndi mahatchi, safuna chakudya ndipo samamwa magazi),

Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amatcha kuti mahatchi amahatchi amalakwitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti tizilombo tonse awiriwa ndiosasangalatsa komanso owopsa. Ayenera kumenyedwa. Komanso mlimi aliyense, mlimi, usodzi, wosaka komanso woyendayenda ayenera kudziwa momwe angadzitetezere ku nyama zangoyamwa ngati izi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Chiwombankhanga chachikulu

Mahatchi amakumana ndi metamorphosis yathunthu, yomwe imaphatikizapo kudutsa magulu anayi amoyo wathunthu. Izi ndi dzira, mphutsi, chrysalis ndi gawo lakale. Zachikazi zimayikira mazira 25 mpaka 1000 pazomera zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pamadzi kapena m'malo otentha. Mphutsi zomwe zimaswa mazira akagwera pansi zimadwala ndikuwola kapena zinthu zina zazing'ono m'nthaka kapena m'madzi.

Mphutsi za agulugufe zimamera m'matope m'mphepete mwa dziwe kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, madambo kapena malo okhala. Zina mwa izo ndizamadzi, ndipo zina zimamera m'nthaka youma. Gawo la zophuka nthawi zambiri limatenga zaka chimodzi mpaka zitatu, kutengera mtundu. Mphutsi zokhwima zimakhazikika m'malo owuma kukasambira, ndipo pambuyo pake akulu amawonekera. Kutalika kwa gawo la ana kumatengera zamtundu ndi kutentha, koma zimatha kukhala masiku 6 mpaka 12.

Ndizovuta kapena pafupifupi zosatheka kupeza ndikuchotsa malo omwe agulugufe amatulutsa. Zimaswanirana m'malo oteteza zachilengedwe, ndichifukwa chake zovuta zamadzimadzi kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono pazinthu zomwe sizikuyang'ana kapena madzi ndizosowa. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo timeneti ndi ma firayi olimba omwe amatha kuyenda mtunda winawake. Masamba obeleka amatha kukhala ochulukirapo kapena patali kwambiri kuchokera komwe kuli mavutowo.

Mwamwayi, mahatchi amavuto omwe amabwera nthawi yayitali pachaka. Kusintha kwina mu kagwiritsidwe ntchito kapenanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma repellents kungakupatseni mwayi wosangalala kunja.

Adani achilengedwe amahatchi

Chithunzi: Kodi chiwombankhanga chimawoneka bwanji?

Pamodzi ndi tizilombo tina tambiri touluka, mahatchi ndi njira yofunika yopezera chakudya kwa nyama zambiri zomwe zimakweza chakudya. Amathandizanso kusamalira mitundu ina, monga mileme ndi mbalame, pomwe mphutsi zam'madzi zimadya nsomba.

Mbalame zomwe zimadyera pamahatchi:

• Makatoni akuda akuda ndi maliseche okhala ndi milomo yayitali, yoyera komanso yolimba. Mtundu wawo umatengera mtundu wa mbalameyo: wamphongo wamoto wokhala ndi thupi la sinamoni wokhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi mapiko akuda ndi oyera, ndipo amuna amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto wakuda wokhala ndi malo a lalanje pachifuwa. Amadyera tizilombo tina, kuphatikizapo mahatchi ndi mbozi. Makadinolo okhala ndi mutu wakuda amatha kupezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa United States m'matchire ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, komanso m'mabwalo ndi m'minda.
• Mpheta ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ku North America ndipo zimatha kuwoneka makamaka m'makola. Amadziwika kuti ngati pali tizilombo m'mundamo, kuphatikizapo mahatchi, ndiye kuti mpheta zimatha kukhala vuto munyumba yanu ngati zochulukirana. Amanga zisa zawo kukhoma kwa nyumbayo, ndikuwononga nkhalangoyi. Zimbudzi zawo zimathanso kuvulaza thanzi la munthu. Ngakhale izi, atha kupita kutali kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mahatchi kuzungulira nyumba,
• Imameza makamaka tizilombo, komanso njere, mbewu ndi zipatso ndipo ndimakhala pafupi ndi minda ndi madera okhala ndi malo ambiri owuluka komanso madzi achilengedwe. Izi ndi mbalame za mbalame zomwe zikuuluka mwachangu kuyambira mtundu wa bulauni mpaka zofiirira ndipo zimakhala zambiri kumpoto kwa America. Tizilombo touluka, touluka, tomwe timayambira chakudya chachikulu,
• Zovala zazimayi ndi mbalame zopanda chitetezo zomwe zimadya masamba a spruce ndi mahatchi. Chiwerengero chawo nthawi zambiri chimasinthasintha molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo zomwe timadya. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya zida zankhondo. Awa ndi zovala zazing'ono zazing'ono zokhala ndi mbali zotsika zoyera, kumbuyo kwakamaso ndi mizere yoyera m'maso mwawo. Achinyamata okhala ngati ma bulangeti obiriwira ndi obiriwira okhala ndi mzere wamaso ndi malo amaso achikasu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chiwombankhanga chikukula kwambiri. Makamaka nyengo yotentha, yanyontho komanso yotentha, imakhala mliri weniweni wa akavalo ndi eni ake. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 8000 yamahatchi, omwe amagwirizana. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana polimbana ndi mahatchi.

Tsoka ilo, pali njira zochepa zowongolera mahatchi ndikuchepetsa kuluma kwawo. Chiwopsezo chakakuluma chimatha kuchepetsedwa, koma pakadali pano palibe njira zomwe zingadziwike. Monga mitundu ina yambiri yamatenda oyamba, njira zodzitetezera ndi njira yoyamba yotetezera kulimbana ndi mahatchi kunyumba. Kuyeretsa bwino komanso kuyeretsa nyumba kungapewe matenda a kachilombo, chifukwa mphutsi zawo zimayamba kuwonongeka. Kukhazikitsa zenera pazitseko ndi mawindo kumathandizanso kuti ntchentche zisalowe m'chipindacho ndikudzaza nyumba.

Pali misampha ya mahatchi, koma magwiridwe ake amasiyanasiyana. Misampha imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lakuda lomwe limasunthira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limalowetsedwa ndi mtundu wina wa nyama kapena mtundu wina wokongola. Malo awa ali pansi pa chidebe kapena chidebe chofanana ndi chomata cholumikizira - mahatchi omwe amakopeka ndi gawo amatenga ndipo, pogwera, amatha. Kuboola dziwe lililonse loyimilira mozungulira nyumbayo kungathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.

Ngati mwapeza kale kachilombo ka ntchentche kunyumba kwanu, njira zodzitchinjiriza sizingakuthandizeni. Njira zowongolera kavalo zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo mapepala owuluka ndi mafani. Chiwombankhanga chimasokonekera chifukwa cha utsi, kotero kuwotcha makandulo kungawathandizenso kuti atuluke mnyumbamo momwe adakhalamo. Komabe, njirazi zimawonetsera pabwino kwambiri pochotsa matenda a kachilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amathanso kuthekera bwino pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa gulugufe.

Hatchi ndi ntchentche zazikulu. Ngakhale abambo akuluakulu amakonda kumwa timadzi tokoma komanso timadzulu tambiri, zazikazi zazikazi zamahatchi amafunika mapuloteni kuti apange mazira. Mwazi ndiye gwero la mapuloteni awa, ndipo mahatchi amatha kulipeza kuchokera ku mahatchi, ng'ombe, nkhosa, akalulu, ngakhale anthu. Kuluma kwa kavalo wamkazi kumamveka nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga bulangeti yofiira.

Chithunzi cha hatchi

Gulugufe wamtchire ndi wamkulu amakula mosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amatha kuwoneka pachithunzichi.

Tizilombo tokhwima pakugonana tili ndi kukula kwake kapena kukula kwake, thupi limakhala lachikaso, lofiirira kapena la imvi. Ambiri mwa mutu amakhala ndi maso okhala ndi magawo ofanana kapena osiyanasiyana. Nsagwada ndi kudula nsagwada ndizofunikira kwambiri kulumwa. Mapiko amodzi amamangiriridwa pakatikati pa chifuwa. M'mimba mwake mumakhala kuchokera kumtunda kupita pansi. Chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo yokhala ndi zikhadabo ndi zomata zolumikizika kuti zizitha kudutsa pamtunda wambiri komanso modalirika pokhalira ndi gulu lolandalo.

Mphutsi yapamwamba yokhala ngati mbeyu yoyera imadutsa pamitundu yonse kuyambira pupa kupita ku imago. Kukula kwake kumatengera zinthu zakunja ndi mitundu.

Kusiyanitsidwa kwa mahatchi amatsenga kumafunikira zakudya. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zokha ndi zomwe zimafunikira wamwamuna. Amawalandira ndikunyambita timadzi tokoma ndi timadzi timene timagwira m'madzi timadzi tokoma. Nthawi yakuswana, zazikazi zowoneka ngati mahatchi zimafunikira mapuloteni omwe amalowa mthupi limodzi ndi magazi a wozunzidwayo. Chifukwa chake, zovuta komanso chiwopsezo kwa anthu ndi nyama zimapangidwa ndi akavalo achikazi okhwima.

Tizilombo tambiri touluka kwambiri timayang'ana masana. Ntchito zake zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira komanso nyengo. Tizilombo tambiri timakonda nyengo yamadzuwa ndi youma. Kutalika kwa moyo wamahatchi sikutha mwezi umodzi.

Zowopsa Kugona

Mahatchi ndi tizilombo tomwe timamwa magazi, omwe ndi oopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama zapafamu. Kuukira kwotsiriziraku kumakhala ndi vuto lililonse pakukula kwa nyama zazing'ono, mkaka wobala ng'ombe ndi zipatso za ziweto.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losavomerezeka, kuluma sikumangobwera ndi zowawa zokha, komanso ndi kufalitsa matenda: tularemia, anthrax, paraphilariasis. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti mahatchi amtunduwu amagwira nawo ntchito yosamutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a helminthic, matenda opatsirana komanso protozoal.

Mwanzeru wopeza wogwiridwayo amadzuka wamkazi pambuyo poti abereke. Pali magawo angapo amachitidwe awa:

• kufunafuna chinthu chomenyera,
• kuyandikira wozunzidwa, kuwona kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi momwe amayendera,
• kuthawa ndikufuna mbuye wamtsogolo,
• kutsikira pamthupi la wozunzidwayo, poganizira zamphamvu, zamavuto ndi mankhwala,
• kutsimikiza kwa m'deralo ndi wandiweyani kwambiri mitsempha yamagazi ndi ma punctures angapo, njira yamagazi.

Mahatchi othinana ndi mafoni amayenda kwambiri ndipo amathana ndi maulendo ataliatali mothandizidwa ndi womenyedwayo. Izi zimawonjezera gawo la othandizira magazi popatsira ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zamoyo zomwe zimayamwa magazi ndi malo omwe mabakiteriya ena amakhala ndi zisonyezo. Pakadali pano pa chitukuko, sayansi idalephera kudziwa momwe mahatchi amafikira pakugawa kwawo. Amadziwika kuti pakati pa mabakiteriya, toyesa matenda okhala ndi kuthekera kwakazungulira amapezeka omwe ali oopsa kwa nyama ndi anthu.

Mitundu yazovala pamahatchi

Zinyama zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizoposa mitundu 4400 ya mahatchi, koma mitundu ina yokha ndiyoopsa kwa zinyama ndi anthu. Kukhazikika kwa tizilomboti ndi komweko, kupatula Greenland, Antarctica ndi Iceland.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya akavalo akavalo:

1. Gulugufe wamtundu wamtchire ndi amodzi mwa oimira wamkulu wazilombo za dipteran. Ngati mungayang'ane momwe mtunduwu umawonekera, mutha kupeza mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ntchentche yokhazikika. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumafikira masentimita 2.5. Zojambula zapadera: pamimba lathyathyathya, maso akulu osazama, mtundu wa imvi wakuda ndi chivundikiro chachikaso ndi mikwaso yakuda, mapiko owonekera a bulauni. Ntchentche zazikazi zimanyamula anthrax, tularemia, ndi matenda ena obadwa ndi anthu ndi nyama.
2. Chiwombankhanga cha Deer ndi munthu wamkulu yemwe kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kupitirira masentimita 2. Thupi lake limakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wakuda komanso pamimba kowoneka wachikasu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a golide komanso mikwingwirima yopingasa.
3. Gulugufe wamtundu wamtundu - tizilombo tating'ono mpaka 2.2 cm.Zowoneka mosiyana: Maso akulu a monophonic okhala ndi malo obiriwira kapena otuwa, tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi ndikupanga pathen-imvi pathenpi, mapangidwe okhala ndi mawonekedwe a diamondi komanso patatu pamimba ndi mbali. Gulugufe wamtundu wamtundu amanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta anthrax ndi tularemia. Omwe akuvutikira ndi anthu komanso nyama zapafamu.
4. Mvula yamvula yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banja m'makonzedwe am'mapiko: imakulungidwa bwino mthupi, osapangidwa padera. Mawonekedwe: Maso akulu otumbululuka, mawonekedwe apakati a pubescence, mapiko a mauna, nondescript imvi-maolivi kapena mtundu wa bulauni, kutalika - mpaka 1 cm. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri yamtunduwu imawonedwa nthawi yamvula ndi mitambo yayikulu.
5. Gulugufe wamahatchi agolide ndi woimira banja la gulugufe wokhala ndi khungu lowala, monga zikuwonekeranso ndi dzina lina la mtundu - motley. Chiwembu chachikulu cha utoto ndichophatikiza chikasu ndi chakuda. Wachikulire amafika kutalika kwa 1 cm, ali ndi mapiko otuluka okhala ndi mawanga amdima. Akavalo owaza mahatchi amanyamula matenda ambiri: anthrax, filariasis, tularemia ndi loiasis. Chochititsa chidwi ndi lamba-ndewu ndikuwukira mwachangu kwa wozunzidwayo popanda kukonzekera komanso kuzenga mlandu.
6. Kachilomboka masana ndi kachilombo komwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo limafikira masentimita 1.5. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ya thupi mwa mkazi. Ikhoza kukhala khungu la imvi lakuda ndi mawanga ofiira kapena oyera.

Ku Russia, kuli mitundu 189 ya mahatchi. Kulowa kwawo, kulumidwa kowawa ndikusamutsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akulu ndizomwe zili zifukwa zazikulu zolimbana ndi tizilombo. Pofuna kusankha njira yabwino yochotsera majeremusi oyamwa magazi, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi akatswiri.

Kuswana kwa akavalo

Gulugufe ndi kachilombo kakang'ono koyamwa magazi, kameneka kamadziwika ndi metamorphosis ndipo kamadutsa m'magawo otsatirawa:

1. Kukula kwamchiberekero mkati mwa masiku 2-4. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupangika bwino ndi kutentha kwa 26-30 o C.
2. Dzira likuyika kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 400-1000 m'madziwe. Nthawi zambiri, masamba am'munsi amasankhidwa masamba ngati malo achikazi, pomwe mphutsi zamtsogolo zimaphikidwa m'mizere ingapo.
3. Kubadwa kwa mphutsi kumachitika pakatha masiku 3-8, koma nthawi zina amakokera kwa mwezi umodzi. Zinthu zakunja zimathandizira kuthamanga kwa chitukuko.
4. Mphutsi zimagwera pamtunda, pomwe dzira lidagona, ndipo linamera.
5. Mpweya wotentha umamaliza kukula pambuyo popyola magawo asanu ndi awiri. Pupa lisanapangidwe, kachiromboka kamayamba kupita pamalo owuma.
6. Gawo la Pupa. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi masiku 6-21.
7. Akuluakulu - kuwaswa kwa kachilombo kahatchi wamkulu.

Kuthamanga kwa kuchoka kwa dzira kupita kwa munthu wamkulu kumadalira mitundu ndi zinthu zakunja.

Matenda a Gadfly

Mahatchi ndi malo okhala tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda mwa anthu ndi nyama zapafamu:

• protozoal: anaplasmosis, su-aura, trypanosomiasis,
• tizilombo: kuchepa magazi m'thupi,
• bacteria: anthrax, tularemia, hemorrhagic septicemia, carbuncle.

Malovu owoneka ngati mahatchi owopsa amayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. M'masekondi oyamba, munthu amamva kugunda koopsa, komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi kufiyira komanso kutupa kwa khungu kuzungulira bala. Kuwopsa kwachilengedwe kwaziphuphu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatengera mitundu. Zomverera zopweteka kwambiri zimachitika polumikizana ndi agwape ndi mahatchi oboolera.

The causative wothandizila wa tularemia, kamodzi pa malovu, amakhalabe ovuta kwa masiku atatu. Kwa anthrax, kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe kavalo amatha kutulutsa kachilombo kakang'ono ndi masiku 7.

Pali njira zingapo momwe kachilombo kahatchi kamalowera kulowa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kuukira kwa akavalo pa nyama zodwala, kudya mitembo yatsopano ndi gwero la kufalitsa matenda owopsa. Kulowerera kwa munthu wamkulu kumathandizidwa ndi kusayenda bwino kwa magazi owongolera mu nyama yakufa komanso kudziunjikira timitengo ta anthrax.

Chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a magazi omwe timayamwa magazi ndi ma pathogenic ndi kuchezera nyengo yotentha, kuti ithetse ludzu la ma puddles, dothi lonyowa komanso ma bogi okhala ndi anthrax spores.

Njira yowonjezerapo yopatsira matenda opatsirana kuti alowe mthupi la wogwidwayo ndi kunyambita magazi ndi tizilombo tina kuchokera pachilondacho.

Zomwe zikuthandizira kufalitsa kwa mahatchi:

• kuthamanga mlengalenga,
• kuthekera koyenda mtunda wautali pa thupi la womenyedwayo,
• kupirira,
• zida za chibwano, zomwe zimasinthidwa kwambiri kuti zizungunuka komanso kupindika pakhungu lakuda.

Kampani "Des Group" imapatsa eni eni malo okhala ndi minda yamafamu kuti athane ndi mahatchi ndi tizilombo tina. Akatswiri amasankha njira yabwino yochotsera majeremusi, osavulaza anthu ndi nyama zapafamu.

Kodi mahatchi ndi ndani chifukwa chake amatchedwa choncho

Mahatchi (lat. Tabanidae) amapanga banja la tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi, omwe ndi a diptera komanso dongosolo Lachidule. Banjali lili ndi pafupifupi 200 genera, omwe ali ndi mitundu 4,400.

Awa ndi amodzi mwa ntchentche kwambiri zakale za dziko lapansi. Kuwunika kwa zotsalira za mahatchi opanga mahatchi kunapangitsa kuti zidziwike kuti zinapezeka munthawi ya Oligocene, kuyambira zaka 39 mpaka 23 miliyoni zapitazo. Ozunzidwa ndi mahatchi amasiku amenewo anali kholo lakale la zolengedwa zamakono: entelodons - artiodactyl ngati nkhumba, carnivorous hyienodons ndi agalu oyamba - cynodicts.

Aliyense amene walumidwa ndi chiwombankhanga amadziwa kuphweka kwake. Atakhudza wovutayo, njirayo imayamba kuzimiririka ndipo sazindikira chilichonse chozungulira, zomwe zimapereka chithunzi chakuti ntchentcheyo ndi yakhungu. Dzina "kachilombo kahatchi" lakhala akupatsidwa kwa tizilombo, ngakhale kuti amawona bwino ndikuyang'ana dziko ndi maso okongola modabwitsa.

Kodi chiwonetsero cha mahatchi chimawoneka bwanji?

Awa ndi ntchentche zazikulu zamasewera okhala ndi dera lalikulu la thoracic ndi mapiko otambalala.

Kukula kwa mahatchi amasiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, oimira mitundu ya Haematopota koryoensis ali ndi kukula kwa 0,6 mm okha. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakula mpaka 1.5-2 cm. Palinso zimphona zenizeni: ntchentche zachikulire za mtundu wa Tabanus chrysurus zimafika kutalika kwa 2-3 cm.

Kodi chiwonetserochi chimawoneka bwanji.

Kapangidwe ka thupi

Mahatchi okhala ndi m'mimba toterera, yopangidwa ndi zigawo 7 zopangidwa ndi theka mphete: apamwamba amatchedwa tergites, otsika ndi sternites. Magawowa amalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yotambalala yomwe imatambasulira magazi kuti aledzere. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kutenga pafupifupi 200 mg yamagazi, omwe amafanana ndi chakudya cha udzudzu 70 kapena 4000 yoluma midges.

Mawonekedwe amimba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mtundu wa mahatchi amphongo: Amuna malekezero ake amaloledwa, mwa akazi ndi ozungulira.

Kumbuyo kwa dera lachiwonetsero pamakhala chokupizira chachikulu. Mapiko akuluakulu amaphatikizidwa pakati pa chifuwa, omwe amawonekera kwathunthu, nthawi zina m'malo owoneka ngati utsi kapena ukonde wawung'ono. Makamaka a mapiko ndi amodzi. Mapiko okulunga, anthu ena amawasiya patali, ena amaika nyumba.

Pansi pa mapiko pamakhala kafadala - mapikidwe osakira mapiko achiwiri. Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timatimu tokhala ngati malezala ndipo titha kugwira ntchito ngati gyroscope, kapenanso, woyenda panyanja.

Zitatu zazikuluzikulu zautali wamtali wamtali wautali, wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Spurs imamera pazingwe za miyendo yapakati, yokhala ngati timinga. Chifukwa cha zopindika ziwiri komanso makapu atatu oyamwa kumapeto kwa phazi lililonse, tizirombo timayikidwa mtsogolo.

Chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi mutu wambiri, wosunthika, mwa anthu ena ndi wamkulu kuposa chifuwa, mwa amuna nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu.

Mtundu wa Hatchi

Thupi la ntchentche izi limakutidwa ndi chitin chowonda bwino, cholimba pachifuwa komanso kutsogolo kwa mutu. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwa tizilombo timakutidwa ndi tsitsi lochepa thupi.

Mtundu wa mahatchi amateteza, wokhala ndi zofiirira, zakuda, imvi komanso zachikaso. M'mitundu yambiri, mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi zimakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga, malire, mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma rhombuse ndi ma triangles, kapena mawonekedwe osakanika.

Maso akhungu

Maso okongola kwambiri omwe amakhala m'mutu yambiri amayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Mwambiri, ali agolide owala, owala bwino ndi utoto wonse wa utawaleza, ali ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima, amaponyera sheen wachitsulo. Monga ma arthropods ambiri, kuphatikiza ma crustaceans, mahatchi amaonekedwe amaso, opangidwa ndi ma toni ambiri owoneka - mawonekedwe oyang'ana kunja ndi maziko awo ndikupanga gridi pamaso.

Kuwona kwamtundu samalola tizilombo kusiyanitsa zinthu zazing'ono, koma kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kuzindikira bwino zomwe zimatsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthira. Ndiye chifukwa chake mahatchi, monga tsetse amauluka, nthawi zambiri amathamangira ndi zinthu zopanda moyo, monga magalimoto, kapena kuwuluka pawindo la sitima zapamtunda.

Maso a kachilomboka.