Peskozhil kapena peskozhil pacific - lat. Arenicola, woimira mtundu wa nyongolotsi zapamwamba, ndi wa gulu la polychaete. Peskozhily m'madzi nyama zopanda inbrte nyama. Amakhala ndi moyo wokumba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapanga malembedwe azitali mu silika kapena mchenga. Peskozhil ali ndi adani ambiri, amasungidwa nthawi zonse ndi nsomba ndi mitundu ina ya asodzi apamadzi am'madzi, komanso munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito nyambo yake ngati nyambo.

Kapangidwe ka Sandblast

Nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi zazikulu kwambiri, momwe zimapangira thupi zimafanana ndi nyongolonya, komabe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Pakati penipeni pa thupi pali zokutira, ndipo kumapeto kwa thupi kumakhala khosi. Thupi lonse la mchenga limakhala ndi zigawo.

Umunthu wanyama:

Kutalika: kutalika kwa nyongolotsi wamkulu kumafikira 30 mm, kawirikawiri mpaka 35 mm.

Mtundu: wonyezimira kwambiri kapena wobiriwira, komanso mtundu wa nyongolotsi umatengera pansi pa nyanja kapena nyanja yomwe ikukhalamo.

Kodi bokosi lamchenga limawoneka bwanji?

Ili ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi: kutalika kumatha kufika mpaka 25 cm, ndipo mainchesi mpaka 1 cm. Sandblast imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, obiriwira kapena achikasu. Ili ndi magawo atatu. Mbali yakutsogolo ili ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo palibe mabulangeki, mkati mwa thupi mumakhala tint yofiyira, ndipo mchira wake ndi bulawuni. Pathupi pali setae ndi ma gill.

Mtunduwu umafanana kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi, koma umakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri, masangweji amatha kuwoneka pa Nyanja Yoyera, Yakuda kapena ya Barents. Monga Earthworms, ali mumchenga nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo. Matope osakanizika ndi silt ndi oyenera kwambiri. Kubwereramo, amapulumuka pangozi. Mchenga, nyongolotsi zimapezeka ndi mchenga.

Habitat

Ma polychaetes ambiri amakhala m'madzi amchere ndipo amakhala moyo wotsika. Komabe, pali anthu omwe amapanga masamba kudera lopezeka moyandikira pansi; anthu awa akuphatikizapo banja la a Tomopterids. Palinso ma polychaetes omwe amasinthidwa kukhala madzi abwino ndi nthaka yamatope.

Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamchenga wamchenga

Popeza imakhala pansi nthawi zonse, munthu wamchenga amakhala mosavuta kuti azitha kupeza chakudya chomwe amalowamo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatetezedwa. Ikugwera pansi, ngati nyongolotsi, ndi nyongolotsi wamchenga imameza mchenga wambiri, womwe umadutsa matumbo ake ndikuponyedwa kunja.

Chifukwa chake, mchenga umameza pakamwa pa nyongolotsi, ndipo pamwamba pake pamatuluka chimbudzi. Munjira zosiyanasiyana, zotsalira za algae zowola zimagweramo, zomwe wokhala m'mchenga amakonda kwambiri.

Asayansi adadabwa atazindikira kuti pa hekitala imodzi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kansalu kamatha kudutsa matumbo ake ngati matani 16 patsiku. Mowe, womwe nyongolotsi imabisa, umateteza matumbo ake kuti asavulale.

Nsomba amakonda kwambiri kudya nyongolotsi izi. Amasamala, gawo lotsatira la mchenga litayamba kuponyedwa kunja ndikugwira nyongolotsi kumbuyo kwake. Koma nyongolotsi, ndi mphamvu zake zonse komanso chifukwa cha masamba ake, imakhazikika pa khoma la nyumba yake ndipo imakhalabe ndi moyo.

Nsomba zimatha kudya mchira wa munthu wamchenga. Koma silili vuto ndi nyongolotsi. Zimatenga kanthawi ndipo kumbuyo kwa mchenga kumakulanso. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, nkhanu, ma echinoderms, ndi mitundu ina ya crustaceans amakonda kudya masangweji.

Izi nyongolotsi zimatengedwa ndi zochuluka ndi nsomba, zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asodzi pazolinga zawo, zimafa zikwizikwi chifukwa cha malo osauka, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumachepetsedwa pang'ono chifukwa chonde.

Makungu awo monga momwe L adalembera L ali ndi makhoma olimba. Amakhala olimba ndi ntchofu wapadera. Kuzama kwa mbewa zotereku kumafikira 20-30 cm. Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi la nyongolotsi ili m'malo opindika a mink, pomwe kumbuyo kumakhala kokhotakhota.

Kuphatikiza pa chakuti mphutsi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito yosodza, apeza kuti ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Adapeza chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamatenda awo omwe ali ndi zochita zambiri za antimicrobial.

Moyo

Ma sandworm amakhala m'makina okhala ndi U wokhala ndi makhoma olimbitsa. Kuzama kwa mink kumatha kufika 20 - 30 cm. Kumapeto kwa thupi la nyongolotsi kuli m'mbali mwake, kumbuyo - kumbuyo. Chifukwa chakuchotsa dothi pomeza kumeza, matopewo amatsetsereka pamwamba pamutu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe akumanzere okhala pansi. Pakuchoka, nyongolotsi nthawi ndi nthawi zimamera pamtunda ndikutsogolo kumbuyo. Pakadali pano, atha kukhala olusa omwe amadyera mbozi ndi mchira wake, womwe umaponyedwa, ndi nyama zopanda mavuto.

Pokhala ndikudontha, mchenga umakhala wopangana nthawi zonse, womwe umalowetsa madzi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kumakonyeka kuchokera panthaka.

Kamangidwe ka Sandblast

Kapangidwe konse kamchenga kamasintha moyo kumchenga. Nyongolotsiyo imakumba mabowo omwe amayenda mu dambo, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zimayandikira pamwamba ndikutsegukira m'madzi, pomwe iyo, monga nyongolotsi, imadutsa palokha nthaka, ikumata mchenga ndikuimeza limodzi ndi zotsalira. Mchenga umadutsa m'matumbo ndipo umaponyedwa kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, pakhomo lolowera komwe kuli mchira wa nyongolotsi, mulu wa mchenga umakula, ndipo pomwe mchenga umamizidwa mkamwa, mafomu a Funnel. Polychaete wamkulu imataya mchenga pafupifupi 40 pa tsiku. Mtengo uliwonse wa pansi pansi nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi 40 grit. Chifukwa chake, amapitilira ma kilo oposa 1.5 makilogalamu a nthaka yamchenga kudzera mwa iwo okha patsiku. Zimasambira m'malo omwe nyongolotsi zake zimakutidwa ndi ma sandpip ndi maenje ozungulira. M'mphepete mwa mchenga, madambo akuluakulu amakhalamo malo okhala mchenga. Nyongolotsi zimasunthira mchenga momwe zimakhalira.

Zomera zomwe zimasunthidwa nthawi zambiri zimagwera mu chotsekeramo, chomwe chimakhala chakudya chachikulu cha msipu. Kukutira mumchenga, mphutsi zimadziteteza kwa adani komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Komabe, nsomba zanzeru zimasinthanso kuti ziziyembekezera kudikirira nyongayo panthawi yomwe ingafotokozere kumbuyo kwa mink kuponya gawo lina la mchenga. Cod, safironi cod ndi nsomba zina zambiri zimagwira nyongolotsi ndi mchira wake, kuyesera kutulutsa mu dzenjelo. Komabe, grit imapuma ndi mabatani motsutsana ndi makoma a sitiroko, ndipo. mchira umasweka ndipo nyongolotsi imatsikira kudzenje. Pakapita kanthawi, mchira watsopano umakula. Zapezeka kuti mimbulu yonse yadzaza ndipo nkhosazo sizabwino. Peskozhil amapulumuka ndikumakulira ziwalo zomwe zikusowa mthupi, ndipo nsomba zimapeza chonde komanso chakudya, ndipo zopatsa mphamvu za peskozhil ndizambiri - 2552 zopatsa mphamvu zimakhala 1 gramu imodzi youma. Popeza mphutsi zilibe mafupa, zimatengedwa m'matumbo a nsomba pafupifupi kwathunthu.

Komabe, adani a ma sandbags samangokhala nsomba, koma, modabwitsa, anthu. Peskozhily amaganiza pakati pa asodzi nyambo yabwino kwambiri. Nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo ikavulazidwa kwambiri. Cod, safironi cod ndi nsomba zina zimakhazikika pa nyongolotsi iyi. Ngakhale kuti mchenga umatenthedwa kwambiri, kachulukidwe kakumalo kake kamakhala kokhazikika chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwawo kwakukulu. Kufikira mazira miliyoni miliyoni kumayambira mkati mwa mkazi. Ma tropo amasambira kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa algae, kenako ndikukhazikika pansi ndikuphira mumchenga. Masamba akuluakulu amasakanika mokongola ku mphutsi zawo, motero ma trophopu amakhala mosavuta m'malo omwe nyongolotsi zimakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukana kwa madera omwe amakhala m'malo omwe akukhalapo nthawi zonse kukukula.

Kukopa mphutsi ku malo osavuta kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi fungo kungakhale chifukwa cha chisamaliro choyambirira cha ana. Oimira banja lina la polychaetes adapanga njira zodziwika kwambiri za "kusamalira" ana, ngakhale sanakhale mwamakhalidwe, koma mwamakhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, sillis (Syllis ramosa), yemwe ali ndi majeremusi mkati mwa masiponji, amatha kubala kwatsopano. Poterepa, impso za anthu atsopano zimapangidwa thupi lonse la nyongolotsi. Iliyonse impso imapanga kumapeto kwake kwakumapeto, zimapangitsa khola limodzi mutu umodzi ndi michira yambiri. Njira yofunikira yodyetsa masiponji imaloleza "mutu wochepa wosauka" uwu kudyetsa ana ake opanda mutu.

Mu polychaetes, maunyolo a autolithus (Autolytus) a achinyamata samasulidwa kuchokera kumchira. Poterepa, munthu wamkazi yemwe alibe amakhala ndi kugonana kwina, pomwe achinyamata amagonana. Olekanitsidwa ndi mchira wa amayi awo, amasambira ndikuyenda m'madzi apamwamba kuti achite chibwenzi pachibwenzi pamenepo. Amuna ali ndi ndevu zazikuru zazikulu, maso akuda akuda komanso nsomba zazitali zazitali. Kukongola koteroko ndizovinanso modabwitsa. Amayenda mozungulira mozungulira akazi achikazi, kuwakopa ndi maonekedwe awo odabwitsa. Yaikazi imakanikizira thumba lalikulu la ana kumimba, pomwe amaikira mazira mazana angapo. Ndi thupi lake, mayi wokhulupirikayu amateteza ana pomwe ali m'thumba.

Ma sandblast ndi malo okhala

Kodi bokosi lamchenga limawoneka bwanji? Izi ndi nyongolotsi yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kungafikire masentimita 25, ndi mainchesi 1 cm. chithunzi cha peskozhil zikuwonekeratu kuti ndizokongola.

Mbali yake yakumbuyo imakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira wopanda zopindika komanso zopindika. Mbali yapakati ya thupi ndi yofiyira. M'mphepete mwake mutha kuwona bristles ndi ma girrus angapo a cirrus.

Mchira wake ndi wofiirira. Nyongolotsi ndi wachibale wakutali wa nyenyeswa wamba. Imasiya mchenga womwe umangokhala wofanana nawo.

Zikuwoneka ngati mphete zomwe zimatuluka mumchenga, zomwe zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana pakati pa mchenga wambiri. Poterepa, mapangidwe achilendo komanso mawonekedwe achilendo amapangidwa. Peskozhil ndi wolemba osatopa.

Pali mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'dothi lamchenga. Chifukwa chake, dothi lamchenga liyenera kupumira mothandizidwa ndi ma gill omwe asungunuka m'madzi. At mchenga wamchengamwachitsanzo, mitolo khumi ndi itatu ya ma gill omwe ali mkati mwa thupi lake.

Pa nthawi yomwe mafundewo amachitika, nyongolotsi imeneyi imayenera kugwira minofu yathupi lonse momwe madzi am'nyanja ambiri momwe angathere kulowa. Madzi oyenda amatsuka m'matumbo a nyongolotsi, amadzetsa okosijeni, komanso amatenga mpweya woipa.

Ndi mitsinje yamadzi iyi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalowetsa m'matumbo amchenga. Mwazi wa nyongolotsi uyu ndi wofiyira. Ili ndi hemoglobin, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe nyongolotsi imatha kupumira movomerezeka.

Wokhala mchenga amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumene kwa iye kuli malo abwinobwino komanso chakudya chokwanira. Nyongolotsi izi zimapanga magulu akuluakulu omwe anthu 300,000 amatha kupezeka pa mita imodzi.

Masangweji ambiri mu White, Barents ndi Black Seas. Mbalame zochokera pachiwonetsero cha chidendene zimadikirira nthawi yomwe nyongolayo ikuyamba kuchotsa zinyalala pamtunda ndipo nthawi yomweyo imagwira ndi mlomo wake wamtali.

Kamangidwe ka Sandblast m'mbali zake zonse amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a nyansi. Ndipo machitidwe awo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Imeneyi, yomwe nyongolotsi zina imakhala nthawi yayitali munthaka, imasiya masamba awo atagona.

Peskozhil kwa miyezi ingamakhale mu chubu momwe mpweya ndi chakudya zimatengedwa ndi kuchuluka. Mtundu wa Sandblast nyongolotsi zomwe zimatha kukhala m'malo akulu kwambiri.

Mainkini opindika pansi pa mchenga wamchenga pansi pamphepo, malo omata, mitsinje - malo omwe amakonda kalasi ya sandbox. Posachedwa, nyanja zamchere zambiri zakhudzana ndi zinyalala za petroleamu ndi mankhwala ena osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake anthu masangwejinyongolotsi za polychaete nyepera pang'ono. Malo okhala ku Sandblast ziyenera kukhala zoyera. Ili ndi limodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira kwambiri pakukula bwino ndi moyo wa nyongolazi.

Chakudya cha Peskozhil

Anthu ambiri okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ali ndi njira yofananira yopezera chakudya. Amapinda mumchenga ndi kubowola mitsinje momwemo. Mwa kusefa zonsezo, chakudya chimasefedwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya m'matumba, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu.

Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonse timene timayenerera chakudya chimatsatira mosakakamiza ku chigobacho, ndipo chotsekera chimayendetsa pakamwa. Mu sandbox yam'nyanja, chilichonse chimachitika mosiyana. Amakonda kudya detritus, yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Detritus ndi tinthu tinatake topangidwa ndi organic zvinhu. Sichingakhale chovuta kuchotsa chofufutira pamchenga ngati sichingatenge mchenga ndi chakudya. Sandrit detritus imasefa popanda zovuta zambiri, ndipo mchenga umatuluka ngati mawonekedwe a chimbudzi.

Amakumba pafupifupi nthawi zonse chimodzimodzi. Patsogolo pachitali chake chachikulu, mchenga wokhazikika ndi michere yambiri umabweretsedwa, pomwe bokosilo limatenga. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nyongolotsi imayang'ana kumbuyo kwa mchenga ndipo zinyalala zochokera mu ntchito yake yofunika zimatuluka.

Amafanana ndi mano opukutidwa kuchokera chubu ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi zotumphukira za pansi. Mchenga wokondedwa kwambiri wamasamba amchenga ndi matope komanso matope. Ilinso ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.

Kubala ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kusiya makina anu sandbox kumakhala ngati kumwalira. Kupatula apo, kuzungulira kuli podzaza ndi omwe angathe kukhala adani ake. Zitha kuchulukana bwanji? Zachilengedwe zawonetsetsa kuti ma sandba achikulire otetezeka.

Umuna wawo umachitika m'madzi, pomwe mazira ndi umuna kuchokera pakhungu lomwe limagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi amatsika. Mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka pansi pa nyanja pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono zimasandulika masheya akuluakulu.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti dzira ndi umuna wa mphutsi ziziponyedwa nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, amuna ndi akazi amatulutsa maselo a majeremusi nthawi imodzi yobala, yomwe imatenga masiku 14. Izi mphutsi zimakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Njira za migodi yamchenga

Pogona pa nyongolotsi ndi mink, yomwe imawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a tubercle ndi mphete. Peskozhil siivuta kupeza. Ngati mungagwire mchira wake ndikuyesetsa kuti muchotsemo mbewa, mchira wake umachoka. Mchira wa nyongolotsi ubwezeretsedwa.

1. Ngati mukuluka mchenga mu dzenje, ndiye muyenera kuyang'ana pakati pa dzenje (pakhomo) pogona ndi njira yake, yomwe idatsalira mumchenga.
2. Mutha kuwonongeka, kuyamba kumata pansi pamatope, kuvala mchenga ndikuyembekezera kuchira.
3. Ngati malo okhala ndi sludge youma, ndiye kuti mutha kuzindikira nyamboyo poyambitsa.
4. Kuti mutsegule mink ya invertebrate, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulani yokhazikika yolumikizidwa ndi ndodo yayitali kuchokera fosholo kapena tsache. Kapangidwe kameneka kamaikika pakati pakatikati pa bulugamu ndi dzenje ndi wojambulayo pansi ndikuwapanikizira kangapo. Chifukwa chotsatira chidzakhala nyambo ya mtsogolo.
5. Kusambitsa nyongolotsi, umakoka ukonde (kuchokera pamzere wam'madzi) wokhala ndi magawo awiri a 80 cm. Ukondewo umatsitsidwa m'madzi ndipo pansi pamchenga umasulidwa. Wogwidwa amayikidwa mchombo chomwe chapachikidwa kuti chikhale chosavuta pakhosi. Kuchotsa zomera zamtunda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake, nyongolotsi zimatha kupezeka.

Zosangalatsa

1. Peskozhil samasambira kuchoka mchombocho (mabanki). Chachilendo cha nyongolotsi zake ndikuti amasonkhana m'makalabu.
2. Kwa ma invertebrates awa, nthawi yamkuntho ndiyofunika kwambiri madzi akamawabweretsa osati chakudya, komanso mpweya, amatenga mpweya woipa. Momwe kupopera kwa mpweya kumachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu ya thupi, kotero kuti amachepetsa voliyumu ndipo chinthu ichi chimalowa kudzenje.
3. M'm mbalame zina (bondo), gitala ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda. Amadikirira nthawi yomwe nyamayo ikafika kumtunda ndikugwira nyongolayo ndi mdomo wake.
4. Peskozhil amatha kudutsa matani 16 dothi kudzera m'mimba mwake mu maola 24.
5. Nyongolotsi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, kuchotsa chinthu chogwiritsa ntchito antimicrobial.