Nthawi zina amakhala adyera komanso odzikonda, komanso amathanso kukhala oseketsa. Anakhala ngwazi, pamene anali kuphunzitsa anthu kunena nthano. Nthano za Spider-Man zidafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, monga kangaude umaonekera modabwitsa m'makona osiyanasiyana a nyumbayo.
Chiwembu cha nthano iyi chikuwonetsedwa mu "nthano" zamakono - nkhani zambiri ndi nkhani za Spider-Man, yemwe adalandira kangaude wake wosadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa sayansi.
Mu nthano zina zaku Japan, ngwazi ndi kangaude ngati monster tsuchi-gumo ("kangaude"). Mu nthano ya Raiko, ngwazi iyi, yomwe idagwidwa itagona pakati pausiku, idatsala pang'ono kugwidwa ndi kangaude. Pazina la Raiko, Minamoto no Yorimitsu, wodziwika bwino m'zaka za zana la 10, yemwe moyo wake udasandulika kukhala nthano, amawoneka ngati nthano. Raiko amatchedwa "wambanda wa ziwanda." Mu nthano iyi, chodabwitsa cha kangaude, chomwe ndi mphamvu zoyipa komanso zamdima, adagonjetsedwa ndi ngwazi yodziwika bwino. Koma kupambana kumeneku kukuimira zambiri kuposa kungochotsa chilombocho. M'masiku amenewo, "tsuchi-gumo" ankadziwikanso akuba komanso achifwamba, ambiri mwa omwe nthawi ya Raiko adaopseza chitetezo cham'dziko komanso tsogolo la Japan.
Nkhani ina yokhudza Raiko idatiuza za matenda ake. Usiku wina, Raiko atagona, munthu osadziwika adamupatsa mankhwala. Matenda a wodwalayo adakulirakulira, ndipo adazindikira kuti amatsata poyizoni. Atachokeratu pazomaliza, Raiko anathamangira mlendo. Podzitchinjiriza, mwamunayo adaponyera tsamba pa Raiko ndikuchokapo. Chiwembu cha nthanochi chimati ndiye kuti woukirayo adapezeka m'phanga. Zinakhala kangaude wobisalira mobera yemwe anaphedwa ndi ngwazi yodziwika bwino.
Mu nthano ya ku Germany pa Khrisimasi, Khrisimasi wina adayeretsa nyumbayo kuti achite chikondwerero cha Khrisimasi - tsiku lomwe Mwana Yesu amabwera kudzadalitsa nyumba yake. Ngakhale akangaude adayendetsedwa kuchokera kumakona abwino padenga. Amakwawa kupita kutali kwambiri ndikumalo kwachipinda. Mtengo wa Khrisimasi unakongoletsedwa modabwitsa. Akangaudewo anakhumudwa kwambiri kuti sanathe kuwona mtengo wokongola'wo ndikukhalapo paulendo wa Yesu wakhanda. Kenako kangaude wakale kwambiri komanso wanzeru adapereka kuti adikire mpaka aliyense agone, ndikuyang'ana m'chipinda chosangalatsacho. Mnyumbayo itangokhala chete komanso mumdima, akangaude amatuluka m'malo awo obisala.
Akangaude akuthawira kumtengo ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwake.
Anakwawa mumtengowo ndikudzipaka pawebusayiti.
M'mawa, Mwana wakhanda adalowa mnyumba kuti amudalitse, adaona mtengo wa Khrisimasi, onse ali mgombe. Amakonda akangaude, omwe ndi zolengedwa za Mulungu, komanso amadziwiranso kuti ambuye ake adalimbikira ntchito kuti akonzere nyumbayo tchuthi chachikulu. Ndi chikondi mumtima mwake ndikumwetulira pamilomo yake, Mwana wakhanda adakwera pamtengopo ndikumakhudza tsambalo. Zingwe zake zinayamba kunyezimira komanso kufinya. Adasandulika golide wosema ndi siliva.
Malinga ndi nthano, anthu atayamba kukongoletsa mitengo ya Khrisimasi ndi tinsel, ndipo pakati pa zoseweretsa kangaude ankamangirira.
Nkhani ya Robert Bruce ndi kangaude idauza dziko la Walter Scott. Robert Bruce adalamulira ku Scotland kuyambira 1306 mpaka 1329. Anali m'modzi mwa olamulira akulu kwambiri, wokonza zachitetezo cha dzikolo munthawi yoyamba ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi dziko la England.
Nthano imalongosola momwe kamodzi, mu 1306, pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi Britain, yomwe idatha pakugonjetsedwa kwa Scot, mfumuyi idapumula khola. Anayang'ana kwa nthawi yayitali kangaude akuyesera kupanga ukonde wosaka. Kuyeserera kwa kangaude sikunathe konse, koma pomaliza, kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chiwiri, anakwanitsa. Mouziridwa ndi kuuma kwa chaching'ono, mfumuyi pamapeto pake idapambana nkhondoyi ndi Angelezi. Izi zidachitika mu 1314 ku Bannockburn.
About Spider Rock imanena nthano yochokera ku North America. Pamtunda wopitilira mamitala 240, Spider Rock ikunyamuka monyadira ku Arizona Canyon De Cheilly National Park. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, dzinalo lidaperekedwa ku mwala ndi Amwenye achi Navajo, omwe amakhalabe m'malo amenewo. Mwala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana utazungulira phirilo. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, navajos adadula matako m'matanthwe awa ndikukhala m'menemo. Mapanga ambiri ali kumtunda kwa phirilo, kuteteza okhala kwa adani ndi kusefukira kwamvula.
Malinga ndi nthano za Navajo, panali phanga mu Spider Rock momwe Spider adakhalamo. Akuluwo adauza anawo kuti ngati atakhala ndi vuto, ndiye kuti Kangaude atatsika pathanthwe kuchokera pa intaneti, awakokere ndikuwadyera. Ana anauzidwanso kuti pamwamba pa mwala panali zoyera kuyambira mafupa owala ndi dzuwa a ana onyansawo.
Nthano za Chisilamu zimanena za mneneri Muhammad - mlaliki waku Arabian wopembedza milungu itatu komanso mneneri wa Chisilamu, wamkulu (pambuyo pa Mulungu m'modzi) wachipembedzo ichi, malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Chisilamu kwa Muhammad, Mulungu adalemba mawu ake oyera - Korani. Muhammad analinso wandale, woyambitsa komanso wamkulu wa Asilamu, omwe pakulamulira kwawo mwachindunji adakhala dziko lamphamvu komanso lalikulu m'chigawo cha Arabia.
Zaka zoposa 1400 zapitazo, Mtumiki wa Allah adathandizidwa ndi kangaude. Wakati ma Korays akufuna kupha Mtumiki Muhammad, adabisala m'phanga pafupi ndi Mecca. Anthu ambiri anatumizidwa kuti akafufuze, adayandikira phangalo, koma Allah sanalole kuti Mneneri wake apezeke.
Nkhunda ziwiri zinapangidwa kutsogolo kwa phangalo, ndipo kangaude adakulitsa ukonde kudzera pakhomo lolowamo. Mwambowu akuti adani a Muhammad atayandikira phangalo, adawona kuti khomo lidakutidwa ndi kandulo yolukidwa bwino. Adaganiza kuti ndizosatheka kulowa phangalo popanda kuthyoka masamba ndipo ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa watsopano nthawi yochepa ngati yomwe idadutsa pa nthawi yothawa Mtumiki. Chifukwa chake, palibe amene adalowa kuphanga, ndipo Muhammad adapulumuka. Masiku atatu pambuyo pake, pamene adani adamsiya kuti amupeze ndipo adanyamuka kupita ku Mecca, Muhammad adatuluka kuphanga ndikupita ku Yasrib. Anthu a ku Yasrib, omwe olamulira ake adalandira uthenga wa Mtumiki ndikulumbira kwa iye, adamulandira ndi manja onse ndi kuwupereka.
Kuyambira pamenepo, Asilamu amalemekeza kwambiri akangaude.
Nthano zakale za Native American zimati dzuwa lisanawale padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ena adakhala mumdima wathunthu.
Anthu ndi nyama nthawi zonse ankasemphana wina ndi mnzake.
Pomaliza, aliyense anali atatopa ndi moyo woterewu, atabwera, anaganiza kuti ayenera kupeza pang'ono pang'ono kuwunika kuti athe kuwona komwe mukupita ndi zomwe mukudyera. Wina amayenera kutumizidwa kuti akam'funefune.
Kanyuk anali woyamba kuyesa mwayi wake. Koma Dzuwa adawotcha nthenga wokongola uja pamutu pake pomwe amayesera kubweretsa kuwala kwake. Kenako Opossum anavutika - adataya ubweya wake pamchira wake wandiweyani. Ndipo Kangaude yekha, mochenjera akugwira dzuwa kulowa pawebusayiti, adakakokera kumbali yamdima ya dziko lapansi.
Anthu adawona momwe kuwala kumawonekera patali, ndikusunthika m'mphezi zofanana ndi ulusi wa tsamba.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kambukuyu ali ndi mutu wadazi, ndipo ma phukusi amakhala ndi mchira wopanda.
Kangaudeyu adateteza khandalo Yesu pothawira ku Egypt. Nthano imanena kuti paulendo wowopsa uwu, Banja Loyera lidathawira kuphanga. Kangaudeyu adabwera ndikulowera kukhomo kwa nyumbayo ndi tsamba lowonda, kenako nkhunda idawulukira ndikuyika testicle mmenemo. Anthu owalondawo atafika, anawona tsamba lolowera ndipo atazindikira kuti palibe amene analowa m'phangalo kwa nthawi yayitali, ananyamuka osayang'ana.
Dzheregumo - mtundu wa kangaude, cholengedwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha ku Japan. Kangaude wamtunduwu siw poizoni, koma m'mbuyomu anthu amakhulupirira kuti poyizoni wake, komanso mphamvu zake zauzimu, ndizowopsa. Kangaude wa Dzheregumo amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake ndikusintha kukhala mkazi wonyengerera. Malinga ndi nthano ya ku Japan, mu nthawi ya Edo, mzimayi wokongola adakola munthu pamalo opanda phokoso ndikuyamba kusewera ndi biwa (chida choimbira cha dziko la Japan, analogue of the lute European). Momwe bambowo adakondweretsedwa ndi mkokomo wa nyimbo, Dzheregumo adamumangirira mu ulusi wa kangaude ndikudya.
Dzheregumo imatha kuwonekeranso ngati mathithi amadzi. Nthano imanenanso kuti ku Izu ku Shizuoka, munthu anali kupumula pansi pa phompho lamadzi pomwe miyendo yake idamangidwa ndi ulusi ndi akangaude ambiri. Anadula ulusiwo ndi kumangirira pachitsa, chomwe anachikoka pansi. Zitachitika izi, anthu a m'mudzimo adawopa akangaude ndikusiya kupita kumadzi. Komabe, munthu wina wokonda kudula kuchokera mumzinda, osadziwa mbiri yakale, adayamba kudula nkhuni m'deralo. Ataponya nkhwangwa m'madzi mwangozi, adalowa m'dziwe kuti ayipeza. Mkazi wokongola adaonekera ndikubwezera nkhwangayo, namuwuza kuti asauze aliyense za iye. Kenako mwamunayo analedzera ndipo anagona tulo tofa nato, kuti asadzuke.
Mu nthano za ku Ivory Coast, kangaude amaimira munthu wachabechabe komanso wosakhazikika, wotengedwa ndi zigonjetso zopambana ndi zopanda pake, tanthauzo lake lomwe limazimiririka nthawi yomweyo, munthu yemwe sangathe kusintha mawonekedwe ake.
Kangaude ndi mankhwala omwe amabweretsa mwayi. Kangaude yemwe ali mnyumbayo ndi chizindikiro chabwino, chizindikiro cha kutukuka ndi chisangalalo. Ngati abwera kapena agwera pamunthu kuchokera padenga, munthu ameneyo alandila cholowa kapena ndalama kuchokera kwina kosayembekezeka. Kangaude wofiyayu amatchedwa Chichewa "kangaude", kangaude wotereyu akakwawa zovala, posachedwa ndi wina watsopano, mutayigwira ndikuyinyamula mthumba lanu, thumba ili limakhala lodzaza ndalama.
Nthano za Spider ndi Nthano
Nthano yakumwa masana (nthano kuchokera ku South America)
Kodi mukudziwa kuti mafuko ena achikhalidwe ku America amalemekeza akangaude kwambiri? Nthano zakale za Native American zimati dzuwa lisanawale padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ena adakhala mumdima wathunthu. Anthu ndi nyama nthawi zonse zimasemphana wina ndi mnzake: chimbalangondo chopunthwa pachikuto, coyote kugundika kwa kalulu, nkhandwe idalowa mchira wa nkhandwe. Pomaliza, aliyense anali atatopa ndi moyo woterewu, atabwera, anaganiza kuti ayenera kupeza pang'ono pang'ono kuwunika kuti athe kuwona komwe mukupita ndi zomwe mukudyera. Wina amayenera kutumizidwa kuti akam'funefune. Kanyuk anali woyamba kuyesa mwayi wake. Koma Dzuwa adawotcha nthenga wokongola uja pamutu pake pomwe amayesera kubweretsa kuwala kwake. Kenako Opossum anavutika - adataya ubweya wake pamchira wake wandiweyani. Ndipo Kangaude yekha, mochenjera akugwira dzuwa kulowa pawebusayiti, adakakokera kumbali yamdima ya dziko lapansi. Anthu adawona momwe kuwala kumawonekera patali, ndikusunthika m'mphezi zofanana ndi ulusi wa tsamba. Simungakonde bwanji kangaude yemwe amapatsa anthu kuwala kwa dzuwa? Ndipo tsopano mukudziwa chifukwa chake khungubwi ili ndi mutu wamadazi ndipo chotikanira chake chili ndi mchira wopanda kanthu.
Arachne (nthano yochokera ku Greece)
A arachnids (arachnids) adatenga dzina lawo chifukwa cha Greek Greekth.
Nthawi zingapo, mtsikana wokongola dzina lake Arachne amakhala m'chigwa kumapeto kwa Olympus yoyera. Anagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse kukonza komanso kuluka. Ndipo luso lake linali lalikulu kwambiri mpaka a Nymphs anatuluka kunkhalango kudzasilira ntchito yake. Arakhna anali wodziwika, koma sanakondedwa chifukwa chodzitamandira kosalekeza chifukwa cha luso komanso kupusa kwake. Anali wolimba mtima chifukwa cha luso lake mpaka anati ngakhale Athena, mulungu wamkazi wanzeru komanso wolimbikitsa luso lochoka, sangafanane naye. Athena adakhumudwitsidwa ndi mawu awa, ndipo atatsika ku Olympus, adapita ku Arachne motsogozedwa ndi mayi wachikulire, kuchenjeza kuti mawu achipongwe amatha kuputa mkwiyo wa milungu. Poyankha, Arachne ananena kuti sanawope chilichonse ndipo anali wokonzeka kutsutsa Athena mwiniwake kuti adziwe kuti ndi ndani wa iwo amene amaluka bwino. Wachikulireyo anavomereza zovutazi, atatenga mawonekedwe ake enieni. Mpikisano udachitika.
Athena adasankha kuphimba kupambana kwake Poseidon. Arachne, pachikuto chake, anali ndi zithunzi za milungu yomwe milunguyo inali yofooka komanso yokhudza chidwi cha anthu.
Ngakhale kuti ntchito ya Arachne inali yabwino kwambiri, Athena anali wokwiya kwambiri. Anagunda Arachne ndi chotsekera ndikang'amba bulangeti lake. Mosataya mtima, Arachne adayesera kudzipachika payekha, koma Athena adachikoka pachimake, ndikuchiwaza ndi msuzi wa udzu wamatsenga, adasandutsa kangaude ndi udindo wopachika ndi kuluka kosatha.
Umu ndi momwe Agiriki akale amafotokozera komwe kangaude amapangira, ndipo dzina loti Arachne lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa sayansi.
Anan, munthu wa kangaude (nthano yochokera ku Africa)
Ngwazi zamankhwala ambiri aku West Africa (Ghana) ndi Pacific ndi Anans, kangaude.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, uyu ndi munthu wamba, koma akaona ngozi, amasintha kukhala kangaude. Anans amakonda kuseketsa anthu ena ndi nyama ndikupeza zabwino kwa iwo omwe ali akulu kuposa iye. Nthawi zina amakhala adyera komanso odzikonda, komanso amathanso kukhala oseketsa. Anakhala ngwazi, pamene anali kuphunzitsa anthu kunena nthano. Nthano za Spider-Man zidafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, monga kangaude umaonekera modabwitsa m'makona osiyanasiyana a nyumbayo.
Raiko (nthano yochokera ku Japan)
Mu nthano zina za ku Japan, kangaude wokhala ngati kangaude wazuna tsuchi-gumo ("kangaude wapadziko lapansi) amatenga mbali yofunika kwambiri. Mu nthano ya Raiko, ngwazi iyi, yomwe idagwidwa itagona pakati pausiku, idatsala pang'ono kugwidwa ndi kangaude. Pazina la Raiko, Minamoto no Yorimitsu (944 - 1021), wodziwika bwino m'zaka za zana la 10, yemwe moyo wake udasandulika kukhala nthano, amapezeka munkhani. Raiko amatchedwa "wambanda wa ziwanda." Mu nthano iyi, chodabwitsa cha kangaude, chomwe ndi mphamvu zoyipa komanso zamdima, adagonjetsedwa ndi ngwazi yodziwika bwino. Koma kupambana kumeneku kukuimira zambiri kuposa kungochotsa chilombocho. M'masiku amenewo, "tsuchi-gumo" ankadziwikanso akuba komanso achifwamba, ambiri mwa omwe nthawi ya Raiko adaopseza chitetezo cham'dziko komanso tsogolo la Japan.
Nkhani ina yokhudza Raiko idatiuza za matenda ake. Usiku wina, Raiko atagona, munthu osadziwika adamupatsa mankhwala. Matenda a wodwalayo adakulirakulira, ndipo adazindikira kuti amatsata poyizoni. Atachokeratu pazomaliza, Raiko anathamangira mlendo. Podzitchinjiriza, mwamunayo adaponyera tsamba pa Raiko ndikuchokapo. Chiwembu cha nthanochi chimati ndiye kuti woukirayo adapezeka m'phanga. Zidakhala kangaude wobisalira mobisa, ndipo, inde, adaphedwa ndi ngwazi yodziwika bwino.
Tarantella ndi kuvina kwachikhalidwe cha ku Italy, kukula kwa nyimbo 6/8, 3/8. Nthawi zambiri phula la tarantella limakhazikitsidwa pa chifukwa chimodzi kapena chojambula chilichonse. Nyimbo ya tarantella inali yosangalatsa - kuvina kopanda kudzipatula kumatha kukhala maola angapo, nyimbo yovina ija idachitika
chitoliro, zomangira, maseche ndi zida zina zamawu, nthawi zina ndi mawu.
Ku Middle Ages, kangaude wa mmbulu Lycosa narbonensis adalandira dzina loti "tarantula" lotchedwa tawuni ya Taranto, yomwe ili kumwera kwa Italy. Anthu okhala mu mzindawu amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira zakuluma kwa kangaudeyu amatha kuchotsa kuvina mwachangu komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi gitala, maseche ndi chitoliro, chomwe chimatchedwa tarantella. Komabe, kuluma kwa tarantula sikunali kwakukulu, ndipo mliri panthawiyo unali wambiri chifukwa cha kangaude wazakudya karakurt (Latrodectrus tredecimguttatus) - mtundu wa akangaude ochokera kumtundu wamasiye akuda.
Khirisimasi (nthano yochokera ku Germany)
Izi zinali zakale kwambiri. Pa Khirisimasi, mbuye wina adatsuka nyumbayo kuti akondweretse tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri pachaka - Khrisimasi. Tsiku lomwe Yesu wakhanda amabwera kudzadalitsa nyumba yake. Palibe fumbi lomwe limatsala. Ngakhale akangaude adayendetsedwa kuchokera kumakona abwino padenga. Amakwawa kupita kutali kwambiri ndikumalo kwachipinda. Mtengo wa Khrisimasi unakongoletsedwa modabwitsa. Akangaudewo anakhumudwa kwambiri kuti sanathe kuwona mtengo wokongola'wo ndikukhalapo paulendo wa Yesu wakhanda.Pamenepo wamkulu ndi wanzeru kangaude anapereka kudikira mpaka aliyense Anapita kukagona ndipo ndi diso limodzi tione chipinda festively tidied. Mnyumbayo itangokhala chete komanso mumdima, akangaude amatuluka m'malo awo obisala. Akangaude mumafuna kuti mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ndipo anasangalala ndi kukongola kwake. Iwo mumafuna mmwamba ndi pansi, kudzayendera nthambi ndi zidole wokongola atapachikidwa pa iwo. Akangaude ankasilira mtengo. Usiku wonse iwo anavina pa nthambi, kuphimba iwo ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa cobwebs. Mu m'mawa, Infant Khristu m'nyumbamo anam'dalitsa ndipo mantha ataona mtengo Christmas, onse cobweb a. Amakonda akangaude, omwe ndi zolengedwa za Mulungu, komanso amadziwiratu kuti mbuyeyo adagwira ntchito molimbika kukonza nyumbayo kuti achite tchuthi chachikulu, ndipo samakonda monga zomwe akangaude adachita. Ndi chikondi mu mtima wake ndi kumwetulira pa milomo yake, ndi Infant Khristu anakwera mtengo ndi mofewa nakhudza intaneti. Magawo ake anayamba kunyezimira ndi shimmer. Adasandulika golide wosema ndi siliva. Malinga ndi nthano, pambuyo pa anthu amene anayamba kukongoletsa mitengo Khirisimasi ndi timapepala, ndi pakati zidole kangaude ndi inazingidwa kukangamira.
Robert Bruce (lalifupi nkhani ku Scotland)
Nkhani ya Robert Bruce ndi kangaude idauza dziko la Walter Scott. Iye analowa buku lakuti "nkhani Agogo a", lofalitsidwa mu 20s wa atumwi 19
Robert Bruce (1274-1329) analamulira Scotland kuyambira 1306 mpaka 1329. Anali m'modzi mwa olamulira akulu kwambiri, wokonza zachitetezo cha dzikolo munthawi yoyamba ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi dziko la England. nthano akufotokoza mmene kamodzi, mu 1306, pambuyo nkhondo ndi British, imene inatha mu kugonjetsedwa kwa Chi, mfumu kupumula mu khola. Iye akhayang'ana kwa nthawi yaitali kangaude kuyesera yokhotakhota ukonde wosakira nyama. Kuyeserera kwa kangaude sikunathe konse, koma pomaliza, kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chiwiri, anakwanitsa. Anauziridwa ndi kuuma kwa cholengedwa zazing'ono mfumu pambuyo pake analandira nkhondo ndi English. Izi zinachitika mu 1314 pa Bannockburn.
Spider Rock (nthano yochokera ku North America)
Pa msinkhu wa mamita oposa 240, kangaude Rock monyadira akwatwa, ili mu Arizona Canyon De Cheilly National Park. Akatswiriwa amati mapangidwe chigwa anayamba zaka miliyoni 230 zapitazo.
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, dzinalo lidaperekedwa ku mwala ndi Amwenye achi Navajo, omwe amakhalabe m'malo amenewo. Mipikisano akuda strata thanthwe yozungulira chigwa. zaka zambirimbiri zapitazo, navajos kudula m'mapanga miyala awa ndi moyo wanu m'menemo. Mapanga ambiri ali kumtunda kwa phirilo, kuteteza okhala kwa adani ndi kusefukira kwamvula.
Malinga ndi Navajo nthano, panali phanga mu Kangaude Rock imene Kangaude moyo. Akulu anauza ana kuti ngati zinthu zoipa, ndiye Kangaude kupita ku phompho pamwamba masitepe ku intaneti, kuukoka iwo kutali ndi kuzidya. Anauzanso ana kuti pamwamba pa mwala panali zoyera kuyambira mafupa owala ndi dzuwa a ana onyansala omwe Spider anali atatenga kale.
Mneneri Muhammad (nthano ochokera m'mayiko Chisilamu)
Muhammad (571-632) - ndi Arabia mlaliki wa Mulungu mmodzi ndi mneneri wa Islam, chapakati (pambuyo umodzi Mulungu) chithunzi cha chipembedzo lino, monga ziphunzitso Chisilamu kwa Muhammad, Mulungu adatsitsa malemba ake oyera - Korani. Muhammad analinso wandale, woyambitsa komanso wamkulu wa Asilamu, omwe pakulamulira kwawo mwachindunji adakhala dziko lamphamvu komanso lalikulu m'chigawo cha Arabia. zaka zoposa 1400 zapitazo, Mneneri wa Mulungu anathandizidwa ndi kangaude ndi. Pamene Qurays akhafuna kupha Mneneri Muhammad, iye kuphanga pafupi Mecca. Anthu ambiri anatumizidwa kuti akafufuze, adayandikira phangalo, koma Allah sanalole kuti Mneneri wake apezeke. maunda awiri zinamangidwa kutsogolo kwa phanga, ndi kangaude ni ukonde kudzera pakhomo izo. Mwambo limanena kuti pamene adani a Muhammad anapita kuphanga, anaona kuti pakhomo chidafundidwa ndi cobweb mosamala nsalu. Adaganiza kuti ndizosatheka kulowa mkatikati popanda kuphwanya tsamba ndipo sizingatheke kukhazikitsa watsopano nthawi yochepa ngati yomwe idadutsa Mneneri atathawa. Choncho, palibe amene analowa phanga, ndipo Muhammad anapulumuka. Patapita masiku atatu, pamene adani anasiya anayesetsa kufufuza iye ndi kumanzere kwa Mecca, Muhammad muli mu mphangamo ndipo anapita Yasrib. Anthu a ku Yasrib, omwe olamulira ake adalandira uthenga wa Mtumiki ndikulumbira kwa iye, adamulandira ndi manja onse ndi kuwupereka. Kuyambira pamenepo, Asilamu ndi zambiri kulemekeza akangaude.
Baby Abiti Muffet (ndakatulo ku UK)
Msonkhano wotchuka wa ndakatulo ndi nyimbo za ana, "Nkhani za Amayi Goose," zomwe zidafalitsidwa ku England mu 1781, zikuphatikiza ndakatulo "Little Miss Muffet."
Abiti Muffet anayenda kwa azakhali ake, Otopa ndipo anaganiza pansi mu mthunzi pansi tubercle, akamadya yogurt ndi curd, anaika chopukutira: Mwadzidzidzi disheveled kangaude mumafuna pa intaneti ndi kangaude, inadutsa maso ake ndi mantha.
Abiti Muffet pomwepo
(Kutanthauziridwa ndi Alexander Marshak, mdzukulu wa S. Marshak)
ntchito zimenezi zinalembedwa za mwana wamkazi wa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono British Dr. Thomas Muffet (1553-1604), amene anaphunzira akangaude ndipo anakhalako zaka za m'ma 16. Little Abiti Muffet anadwala arachnophobia kapena kuopa akangaude, popeza bambo ake, Dr. Muffet, kuika zatsopano zosiyanasiyana pa iye. Dr. Muffet adalemba mabuku angapo kuphatikiza ndi cookbook yomwe imalongosola momwe mbewu ndi tizilombo tomweko tingazigwiritsire ntchito ngati chakudya komanso ngati mankhwala. Dr. Muffet ntchito ndi mwana wake, kusonkhanitsa akangaude osiyanasiyana amene amapezeka England, ndipo anaonerera Ngati aliyense anachita kulumidwa awo. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito mwana wake, chifukwa iye ankakhulupirira kuti anali opanda phindu. Ana anali opitilira ukulu, koma wopanda mwana wamkazi, chifukwa chake anali woyenera pazoyeserera zake zowopsa.
Mu 2014, Asilamu padziko lonse kukondwerera tsiku la kubadwa kwa Mtumiki Muhammad pa January 12. Anthu amene amati Islam lero kumbukirani miyoyo ya mneneri ndi kupemphera.
Pakalendala yachisilamu, Rabbiul Avval amatengedwa kuti ndi mwezi wa Mneneri Muhammad. Mu mwezi uno adabadwa ndipo patapita zaka 63, m'mwezi yomweyo, dziko lathu, limene palokha ndi ophiphiritsa ndithu.
Mneneri Muhammad anaika maziko a mwambo waukulu Chisilamu, anasiya osati Malemba Opatulika (Qur'an) ndi Mwambo Woyera (Sunnah), monga maziko a tsogolo zipembedzo, komanso achinyamata ogwirizana boma Arab - nyongolosi ya waluntha chitukuko cha Chisilamu.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, maiko achisilamu akhala njira yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha anthu ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa. Chipembedzo cha Muhammad - Islam - anakhala maziko a Chisilamu chitukuko chitsanzo yokha, imene ufulu, kumasulika kwawo ndi malamulo anali mosamalitsa anati, sayansi, luso ndi luso otukuka. M'mayiko Muslim anali wotchuka chifukwa cha kulolerana ndi Mipikisano confessionalism. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira kuti machitidwe achikristu ambiri, omwe azunzidwa ku Europe monga osanama, adapeza pothawirapo komanso ufulu ku Muslim East. Yemweyo ndiye ndi Ayuda, amene kulikonse anali m'madera awo ku Maghreb kuti Persia.
Podziwa zonse izi, zikuoneka Sindingachite ndi paradoxical kuti chitukuko Chisilamu anachitika mapeto a 20 - chiyambi cha zaka 21, pamene Islam anayamba mosalekeza kugwirizana ndi tsankho, chiwawa, mantha ndi makhalidwe ena amene sanali wachilendo kwa izo. Vutoli lidadabwitsanso Asilamu enieni, chifukwa milandu ngati imeneyi siyodziwika bwino kwa mizimu ndi mfundo za chipembedzo chadzikoli. N'zoonekeratu kuti dziko la chisilamu akadali patsikulo cifukwa siinali kupeza chida champhamvu kutsutsa upandu wachita otentheka openga, ankati m'malo mwa Islam. Pakadali pano, chirichonse okha mfundo akatswiri chenicheni Chisilamu, azamulungu ndi atsogoleri, pamene akukakamizidwa kulungamitsa, ankadandaula, kutsutsa ndi chibaba asakhulupirire alaliki chiwawa ndi nkhanza. Izi zilibe tanthauzo, chifukwa malingaliro okokomeza omwe amachokera (kutenga mwayi poti chinyengo champhamvu chidayambitsa chidziwitso chachipembedzo pamanja pa zosowa zamakono zaumunthu) mwanzeru amapangitsa anthu osaphunzira bwino ndikudziwonetsa pakati pawo malingaliro amtundu wa "Chisilamu" chomwe sichili ndi Chisilamu choona ali aang'ono ofanana, komanso mwachangu amatsutsa izo.
Izi ndi zovuta, ndi chitukuko Chisilamu limangolembedwa kukakamizidwa kufunafuna njira kuti zimenezi zitakuchitikirani. Muzochitika zotere, njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi vutoli ndi maphunziro achipembedzo okha Asilamu, komanso chidziwitso chowona mtima chofuna kuwononga zikhulupiriro zachisilamu ndi Mtumiki Muhammad, zomwe zimalembedwa makamaka kwa omwe si Asilamu.
Popeza Muslim a Ukraine ndi dziko lonse masiku awa kukumbukira moyo wa mneneri, ziphunzitso ndi nzeru zake, n'koyenera kuyamba ndi nthano zitatu za Muhammad.
Bodza 1. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa QUR'AN YOYELA
Ofufuza komanso otsutsa akhala akukangana kosatha za amene analemba Korani Woyera. Chodabwitsa pakuwonekera kwake mu mtima wa bwino ophunzira Arabia chipululu ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Anthu amene analibe limodzi zonse Arab buku la zawo (ndi Koran ndilo buku loyamba olembedwa mu Arabic) mwadzidzidzi, popanda prerequisites aliyense, zochitika, sukulu komanso malo a zaumulungu, amapeza mwaluso monga QUR'AN YOYELA. "Panalibe ngakhale kakhalidwe, koma zonse mwadzidzidzi - Altyn," mwina ndi mwambi wachisilavo woyenera kwambiri chodabwitsachi.
Pakuti ofufuza amantha, mwina yekha undoubted mfundo za Qur'an ndi kuti anali woyamba tamutchula munthu anabadwa mu Arabia, mu mzinda wa Mecca, m'nthawi ya chimodzi, dzina lake Muhammad. Ndiyeno ofufuza kunja, amene sakhulupirira kuti Qur'an ndi Divine Chivumbulutso, kuchititsa aukali polemic za olemba a wake umenewu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Muhammad mwini wake ndiye amene adalemba za Korani, ena amakhala ndi lingaliro loti anaphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu ena omwe amapeka, pomwe ena amaganiza kuti mneneriyu adapanga "chidule" kuchokera m'malemba achipembedzo a Ayuda ndi Akhristu.
Iye anakhalabe osaphunzira, ndipo kwenikweni simunandikhudze kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ngakhale pa mapeto a moyo wake wonse analibe za alembi 40 kulemba ndi Text Woyera m'mawu ake. Chifukwa chiyani? Yankho mu Korani lenilenilo: "Simunawerengera lemba limodzi ndipo simunalilembanso ndi dzanja lanu lamanja. Apo ayi, otsatira mabodza kuti agwera chikaiko "(Qur'an 29:48). Ndiko kuti, ngati mneneri kuwerenga ndiye otsutsa wake zina mwayi akumunena plagiarism, ndipo ngati iye anali matalente ndakatulo, iye adamnenera za Korani kanthu koposa zikuchokera ndakatulo. Koma kunalibe mmodzi kapena wina, kotero okayikira adataya mtima.
Muhammad yekha mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti sali woyambitsa wa Qur'an ndi lemba anafuula ndi vumbulutso la Mulungu, anatumiza kwa iye m'njira yosawoneka, monga mavumbulutso anatumizidwa ku akale, kuphatikizapo Baibulo, aneneri. Komabe, ena otsutsa kukhulupirira kuti ankaphunzira za umulungu ndi mbiri Akhristu ndi Ayuda.
Bodza 2. Amaphunzira m'Malemba.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zipangizo mbiri Muhammad ndi kafukufuku wogwira moyo wake kwa zaka zambiri otsutsa ake sanali kupeza aphunzitsi awo achinsinsi amene mneneri kuphunzira kudziwa chipembedzo ndi malemba Woyera. Pa chiyambi kwambiri za utumiki wake monga mneneri, kwa zaka 13, anali kuzunzidwa, kunyozedwa ndipo anazunzidwa mwa atsogoleri anzake. Kodi zinali zovuta kuti adani ambiri atsimikizire kwa anthu onse kuti chiphunzitso cha Muhammad ndi chinyengo? Kodi zingakhale zovuta kupeza dzina anthu okhawo amene mneneri hypothetically akhoza kuphunzira? Komatu, ndiye kapena tsopano, adani ake onse sanathe kupeza aliyense amene angakhale ndi Mlangizi pa Zauzimu ndi achipembedzo cha mneneri. Otsutsa omwe sakudziwa zenizeni za chipululu cha Arabia nthawi imeneyo amagogomezera maulendo apaulendo omwe Mneneri wa Chisilamu adatenga nawo gawo.
Zonse zilipo umboni wotsimikizira limasonyeza kuti Muhammad anali maulendo atatu ku Mecca: pa zaka 6 anayenda ndi mayi ake Medina, ndili ndi zaka 12 anayenda ndi amalume ake Abu Talib kwa Syria, ndi zaka 25 Atatero lapaulendo ku Siriya. kwambiri kupitirira malire a wosazindikira achikunja osiyanasiyana a Aluya, iye sanali kuyenda. Komabe, ngakhale ali mwana, ngakhale paubwana (paulendo wamakedzana) iye sanawonekere m'maphunziro azachipembedzo, komanso m'zipembedzo zachipembedzo.
Magulu anatuluka kawiri pa chaka pa nthawi ina pamene nyengo awalola adutse m'chipululu popanda zomvetsa wolemera, ndipo nthawi zonse mofulumira kuchoka popanda kuima kwa nthawi yaitali pa malo a malonda, chifukwa munali nawo kwa nthawi kupita mmbuyo isanayambike kutentha ndi mchenga mkuntho. Muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro lamphamvu kuti munene kuti, ali paulendo waku bizinesi, mwa mwayi wopezeka ndi Ayuda ndi akhristu, atha kuphunzira mokwanira zipembedzo zonsezo ndikupanga chipembedzo chatsopano chokhazikitsidwa ndi iwo. Komanso, Muhammad sanathe kuwerenga, sankadziwa zilankhulo, choncho sangakhale timudziwe bwino malemba achipembedzo a zipembedzo izi.
Ngakhale poganiza anali kumvetsera kwa wina, anatha bwanji kuloweza mabuku onse 73 a m'Baibulo masiku ochepa? Pazifukwa zomwezi, Muhammad sakanapanga "zokambirana" pokokera mbali zosiyanasiyana m'malemba akale. Kulemba malemba anamwazikana, sikokwanira kwa iwo pa dzanja ndi kuliwerenga, kungakhale kofunika mwaluso kumasulira m'Chiarabu woyera, osati Arabic, koma pamwamba pa Arabic zolembalemba, kuyambira la Qur'an ndi wapadera mwamtheradi ndakatulo yake ndi syllable msinkhu.
zaka 13 kuchokera pachiyambi cha Chivumbulutso, pamene ambiri mwa surahs wa Qur'an kale anawulula, mneneri anasamukira ku Medina, kumene, pa nthawi, Iye adalowa zokambirana ndi Ayuda a Medina ndi Akhristu Najran, amene mwapadera anapita kukalankhula naye. Koma, monga mukudziwa, Muhammad sanalumikizane ngati wophunzira, koma monga mphunzitsi komanso walangizi, adatsogolera polemba nawo ndikuyesa kutsimikizira kulondola kwa malingaliro achisilamu pazamaphunziro, mbiri yakale, ndi chidziwitso cha aneneri akale.
A ambiri Akristu ndi Ayuda (m'nthawi ya Mneneri Muhammad) anakhala Asilamu ndi kukhulupirira mu utumiki wake monga mneneri. Ndipo iwo sakanalolera anakhulupirira Islam ngati amaganiziridwa kuti mneneri anabwereka ankaphunzitsa ku Chivumbulutso awo Auzimu, kapena anaphunzitsidwa ndi ansembe, Chimonko kapena Arabi.
Nthano 3. Ankalakalaka mphamvu, ulemu ndi chuma.
Pali nthano ndi kuti Mtumiki Muhammad, mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito chipembedzo, makamaka kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo - patsogolo, mphamvu, kutchuka ndi ena, ndithu padziko lapansi, madalitso ndi banja. Komabe, nthano unangokwaniritsidwa n'kugwa pamene aliyense kafukufuku cholinga kamakhala yodziwa moyo wake, mfundo ndi cholowa.
Asanayambe ntchito yolosera, zachuma za Muhammad zinali bwino kwambiri kuposa pambuyo pake. Iye ankakhala moyo wabwino ndi mkazi wake Khadija, amene anali mkazi wachuma, amene anali kuchita malonda. Pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito aulosi M'malo mwake, iwo anayamba moyo kwambiri modzichepetsa, munthu anganene - bwino. Sinali nsembe yakanthawi, koma njira yamoyo. Ndipotu, anali kuukira ndi kuumira ndi dyera, umbombo ndi mwanaalirenji kuti amalonda Mecca anali wotchuka chifukwa. M'malo chuma, mneneri nsembe chuma chake ana thandizo, Asilamu osauka ndi akapolo. Izi zidakhala zachilendo kwambiri kwa Muhammad ndi banja lake kotero kuti sanalabadire chilichonse chifukwa amakhala mwamphawi kuposa Asilamu ambiri. Tsiku lina, Omar Al-Khattab m'nyumbamo Mneneri: "Ndinaona kuti nkhani lonse la chipinda panali zidutswa zitatu za hollowed-kunja khungu ndi ochepa balere, koma ndinaona kanthu zambiri," iye anati, "kenako ndinayamba kulira."
Muhammad anafunsa kuti: "thangwi yanji uli kulira?" Ndinayankha kuti: “O, Mtumiki wa Allah! Kodi ndingatani kulira? Ndikuona zonse zimene muli nazo.Pomwe ma Persia ndi Aroma, omwe samatsata chikhulupiliro choona komanso osapembedza Allah, amakhala m'mawonekedwe abwino ndipo amasungidwa mafumu awo m'minda yomwe ili ndi mitsinje yolamulidwa, mneneri wosankhidwa ndi mtumiki wodzipereka wa Mulungu amakhala mu umphawi wadzaoneni! " Muhammad adayankha: "Ha, Omar! Kutakasuka komanso kufunikira kwa moyo wotsatira ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa kosavuta ndi dziko lapansi. Osakhulupirira amasangalala nawo magawo abwino padziko lapansi, pomwe tidzalandira zonse m'tsogolo. ”
Nthawi ina, anthu olemekezeka a ku Meccans adalonjeza mneneriyu chuma ndi ulemu posinthanitsa kuti adzasiya Chisilamu, koma adakana.
Nthawi inanso, patapita zaka zambiri, adalandira monga mphatso kuchokera kwa mtsogoleri wa fadak ngamila zinayi zomwe zili ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali, nsalu ndi ndalama, koma adazigulitsa zonse kwa Asilamu osauka, osangodziyang'anira.
Pomwe amwalira, Muhammad anali wosauka. Zonse zomwe anali nazo panthawiyo zinali ma dinala 7, zomwe mneneriyu adagawira osauka asanamwalire. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti kwa zaka zingapo anali mutu wa dziko lalikulu la Arabu, adalumikizana ndi Chigawo chonse cha Arabian, ndipo ngati angafune, atha kukhala m'nyumba yabwino kwambiri, m'malo otetezedwa, kapena ngakhale kumalamulira kuti amange nyumba yachifumu. Koma, monga kuyenera mthenga wa Mulungu, adakhalabe wokhulupilika ku njira yodzicepetsa ya uneneri. Panali zochitika zina zambiri zomwe zinawonetsa kuti Muhammad sanafune kulemeretsedwa, motero lingaliro lomwe cholinga chake chinali chuma silinakwaniritsidwe.
Kungoganiza kuti adadzitcha yekha m'neneri, akufuna mphamvu ndi ulemu, sikuyimanso pakutsutsidwa. Mthenga, monga mukudziwa, anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri opambana kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Pokhala wopanda zothandizira, pazaka 23 adakhazikitsa dziko lalikulu, adakhazikitsa malamulo osakondera komanso opita patsogolo mmenemo, ndipo adagonjetsa otsutsa onse omwe amatsutsana nawo. Munthu amene ali ndi machitidwe ndi maluso ngati amenewa amatha kudziwonetsa utsogoleri ndi mphamvu ngakhale atakhala kuti sananene.
Otsutsa amati kupambana konseku kunatheka chifukwa chida chachipembedzo, i.e. - Chisilamu. Komabe, Muhammad sanadzitchule yekha kuti ndiye amene analemba Holy Quran, ndipo sananene kuti adadza ndi chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. M'malo mwake, amakhala akutsimikizira kuti Korani Woyera ndi Chibvumbulutso Chaumulungu, osati momwe zimapangidwira, monganso Chisilamu ndichipembedzo chokhazikitsidwa ndi Mulungu, osati chopeka komanso chopangidwa ndi iye. Ngati mneneriyu akufuna mphamvu ndi ulemu, akadadzinenera kuti amene analemba Korani komanso kuti atukule lingaliro la Chisilamu.
Kufunitsitsa kutchuka ndi kutchuka kumawonetsera kuwunikira kwake mu zochitika zazing'ono komanso zovomerezeka, masewera okongola, zovala zamtengo wapatali, ndi zowonjezera, chizolowezi chotamandika, zina. Muhammad anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi izi zonse. Amavala zovala zabwino komanso zosavuta, amagwira ntchito zamtundu uliwonse, ankalankhula moleza mtima komanso kumvetsera kwa aliyense amene akumutembenukira. M'dela limodzi, anthu adayimilira pomupatsa moni ndi kumulemekeza, koma adawaletsa kuti achite izi, poganiza kuti kudzipereka ndi ulemuwo ndi wosavomerezeka. Mwamuna wina, akunjenjemera ndi ulemu, adapempha mneneriyu kuti amulole kupita kwa iye, koma mchimwene wakeyo adadzuka, ndikugwedeza nati: "Relax, m'bale, ndine mwana wamwamuna wa mayi yemwe wadya mkate wouma". Amaletsa Asilamu kuti amutamande ndikunena kuti: "Musandikweze monga akhristu mukweze Yesu mwana wa Mariya, koma nenani kuti: ndi Wantchito wa Mulungu ndi mthenga wake."
Citsanzo cabwino ca kudzicepetsa ndi fanizo lolamulila. Otsatira a mneneriyu adakonzeka kumkuza ndi kumumvera, koma adalimbikira kuti kumvera kuyenera kukhala kwa Allah yekha, yemwe amayenera kulandira ulemu ndi mayamiko onse.
Anawachitira ana aang'ono kukoma mtima kwakukulu komanso kumvetsetsa mu nthawi yomwe anthu amaganiza kuti kumenya ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira. Munthawi yomwe azimayi anali anthu otsika kwa onse, ndipo zimawerengedwa pansi pa umuna kuti aziwakonda, ndipo Mtumiki wa Allah amawakonda akazi ake, ana ake aakazi, abale ake ndipo amaphunzitsa kuti okhulupirira akuyenera kumawachitira akazi zabwino. Mneneriyu anali wokoma mtima komanso wachisomo ngakhale kwa adani ake. Nthawi yankhondo imodzi, pomwe Asilamu adamwalira pansi pa malupanga a Akunja, anthu adamufunsa kuti atukwane mdaniyo, ndipo adayankha kuti: "Sanatumizidwe kudzatemberera." M'malo mwake, adati: "E, Mbuye wanga! Mukhululukire anthu anga, chifukwa sadziwa zomwe akuchita. ”
Adalamulira asitikali ake kuti apewe zachinyengo komanso kuperewera, aletse kuphedwa kwa azimayi, ana, okalamba, olumala, akhungu ndi olumala, adalamula kuti asawononge nyumba, asatenthe mitengo ya kanjedza, mitengo yazipatso ndi mbewu, kuti asawononge ndalama zopindulitsa anthu.
Mosakayikira, mneneri Muhammad anali munthu wopambana. Kwa zaka 14, anthu mabiliyoni ambiri ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amamukonda. Amamutsatira, amaphunzira kwa iye, mamiliyoni a makanda obadwa kumene amatchedwa ndi dzina lake. Izi sizingatheke ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu, komanso sizingagulidwe ndalama zilizonse. Kuwala kwa chikhulupiriro, kochokera mumtima mwa munthu, kumaonekera m'mitima ya okhulupilira ngakhale zitatha zaka chikwi.
Mwina, anthu awiri okha m'mbiri ya anthu omwe adalemekezedwa, kulemekezedwa, komanso kulemekezedwa - Yesu ndi Muhammad. Ndipo izi ndizomveka, chifukwa mneneri Muhammad adati: "Atumiki onse a Mulungu ndi abale."
Mufti DUMU "Ummah" Adati Ismagilov - wa "UNIAN-Religion"
