Nyengo ya ku Arctic ndi yoopsa. Snowfalls, mphepo yamphamvu ozizira, fogs ndi mdima ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse za dera limeneli kumpoto. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, nyama ya Arctic aphunzira kupulumuka komanso kuteteza malire awo pa izi dziko achisanu.

Zomwe chilengedwe pano zasungidwa momwe zidapangidwira, komabe kusungunuka kosalekeza kwa madzi oundana, kupanga mafuta ndi kuwerengera kwamtambo kumatha kubweretsa kuti mitundu yambiri yomwe ikukhala pakona iyi ya Dziko Lapansi idzaonekere kwamuyaya.

Herbivores

Yaikulu malo kumpoto chobisa oimira ambiri a dziko nyama m'gawo lake. Ndipo sizikumveka kuti ndizachilendo bwanji, koma padziko lapansi pano padziko lapansi pano pamakhala oyimilira a ziphuphu. Tsiku lililonse kuyamba ndi kuyamba kufunafuna chakudya. Only zoyenda zonse akhoza kusankha zamoyo Chotipambana.

Hare wa Arctic

kalulu Izi ndi nyama chodabwitsa. Poyamba, izo zimachitika kwa subspecies ya kalulu, koma lero chapadera osiyana mitundu. Ili ndi makutu afupi, potero kuchepetsa kutentha. ubweya ndi manyenje ndi wandiweyani, amene amapulumutsa ziweto kuzizira kwambiri. Mchira ndi masentimita 5 okha, koma miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yaitali komanso wamphamvu, amene amalola iye adutsa chisanu chosuntha kwambiri.

Kudyetsa

rodent Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe kuchokera hamster wamba. Nyama yaing'ono kutalika ukufika masentimita 8-15 yekha ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 70-80 g. Small makutu kubisala pansi ubweya, chimene ena subspecies limakhala loyera ndi yozizira. Kubisa kumeneku kumathandizira kubisala kwa zilombo zowopsa. Komabe, nthumwi kwambiri, ubweya ndi imvi kwathunthu kapena imvi bulauni. Rodent amapezeka pamene pali zomera. Adazolowera nyengo yovuta. Lemming aziphedwa zanthete, Moss, mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso. Amayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo zaka 2 okha.

Reindeer

A nyama wachisomo amene amavala nyanga nthambi pa mutu wake ali ofunda ndi wandiweyani odula. Mwangwiro ndinazolowera nyengo wankhanza wa Arctic. Reindeer amadyetsa ndi moss reindeer moss. Iwo akulemera pafupi makilogalamu 200 kufika kutalika mamita 1.5. Kamakhala osati m'madera, komanso amakhala zilumba pafupi. Zomera zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ziboda zazikulu.

Musk ng'ombe

Large ndi amphamvu nyama. Ng'ombe ya musk imatha kutalika mpaka 1.5 metres, ndi kulemera mpaka 650 kg. Izi nyama zamiyendo Inayi ndi tsitsi lakuda ndi yaitali kuti akuzisunga kutentha ndi kuteteza ku mphepo yamphamvu ngati nyengo wankhanza wa dera la dziko lathuli. Iwo amakhala m'chigulu chachikulu zolinga 20-30. Chifukwa chake amatetezedwa kwa adani. Iwo kudya Moss, mizu mtengo, ndere, udzu ndi maluwa. ziboda anamaliza kukuthandizani kusuntha momasuka pa ayezi ndi miyala, komanso timataira zigawo chisanu kufunafuna msipu.

Chipale chofunda

Limatchedwanso ndi Chipembere kapena chubuk. Izi ndi wokongola artiodactyl nyama ndi antlers wokongola pamutu pake. Nkhosa yotsekerayo imachedwa komanso yamtendere. Ndi ntchito kwambiri pa tsiku, koma kufunafuna chakudya usiku. Iwo amakhala ku mapiri a magulu a 20-30 nyama. Amadyapo ndere, nyemba, mizu yamitengo, singano, udzu wouma ndi zomela zina, zomwe zimakumba pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Arctic nyama zolusa

Ambiri nyama zolusa mu Arctic ndi zoopsa alenje ndi chilakolako abwino amene kuukira ziweto, ndipo ngakhale anthu. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala mdera la Arctic kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mandimu, omwe ndi "zakudya zabwino" kwa nkhandwe zamtchire, mimbulu, mimbulu yolusa, ndipo nthawi zina zimamera.

Arctic nkhandweyo

Wa banja canine. Chidwi chokongola choterechi chimadziwika chifukwa cha chovala chofunda cha ubweya wa chic kutali kwambiri ndi Arctic. Izi ndi chinyama ang'ono mpaka masentimita 30 m'litali ndi masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 50. The chilombo akuthamanga kudya ndipo kusiyana ndi kupirira. Nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pafupi ndi zimbalangondo posaka ndikudya zotsala zake. nyama angapezeke mu achisanu dziko. Iwo ndi makolo abwino. Akaziwo akangokhala ndi pakati, wamwamuna amayamba kusaka awiri, kubweretsa nyama mpaka kubadwa kwa ana.

Kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo

Yaikulu komanso woopsa kwambiri mdani amene amakhala pa dziko m'derali ayezi. Kutalika kwake, nyamayo imatha kufika pafupifupi mamilimita awiri ndi awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake mpaka 500 kg. Khungu la chimbalangondo ndi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. ubweya ndi moyera-, koma m'chilimwe pansi pano akhoza yokutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu. Pansi pa khungu pali mafuta ambiri. chirombo amakhala ndi chipiriro ndi chipiriro mu m'zigawo chakudya.

Kuyambira ukhanda, nthumwi izi za mdziko nyama kukhala ankhanza zolusa, ngakhale iwo ali obadwa wogontha, ndi wakhungu. Kulemera kwa nkhandwe yayikulu ndi 70-80 kg. Mimbulu kudya akuvutika awo wamoyo, chifukwa iwo sangakhoze kupha chifukwa cha dongosolo mano. chilombo Ichi ndi omnivorous ndipo akhoza kudya mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya. Sabata imatha kukhala popanda chakudya.

Common kozizira nkhandweyo

Kozizira nkhandweyo ali zina zimene zingathe kukhala zovuta kwa Arctic. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ubweya wake, womwe umasintha mtundu kuchokera ku bulauni (mtundu wa chilimwe) kukhala woyera (mtundu wachisanu). Wandiweyani ubweya odula amatipatsa nkhandwe ndi kubisa zabwino ndi chitetezo chabwino kwa kuzizira.

Amayi

The expanses lalikulu la Arctic nkhanza yodziwika ndi zipululu achisanu, chisanu kwambiri ndi Madzi oundana. Kukhazikika m'madera oterewa ndikosowa kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa sikungalowe mumdima wa usiku wabwino kwa miyezi ingapo. Nyama alipo wotere amakakamizidwa kucheza kovuta yozizira nyengo mwa ozizira moto chisanu ndi ayezi.

Kumalo ozizira Wolf

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazilumba za Arctic zomwe zimakhala kumadera ozizira kwambiri kumpoto kwa Canada komanso madera ena a Arctic. Nkhandwe kumalo ozizira ndi subspecies wa imvi nkhandwe; ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kuposa kumpoto nkhandwe - subspecies ina nkhandwe.

Popeza nkhandwe kumalo ozizira zimapezeka Arctic, izo, mosiyana subspecies ena, osachepera poyera kuti kupulula anthu.

Mbidzi ya Arctic, kapena nkhandwe ya polar

oimira ka mtundu wa nkhandwe (Alopex lagopus) akhala kumene kuli kozizira. Ogwirira pa banja Canidae amafanana nkhandwe mu maonekedwe. Kutalika kwa thupi la chinyama chachikulu kumasiyana pakati pa 50-75 masentimita, ndi kutalika kwa mchira kutalika 25-30 cm ndi kutalika kufota kwa 20-30 cm. 9,0 makilogalamu Akazi ali chimaonekadi ang'onoang'ono. Mbawala yam'madzi yotchedwa arctic imakhala ndi thupi lanyama, chotseka chotseka ndi makutu ozungulira omwe amatuluka pang'ono ku ubweya, womwe umalepheretsa frostbite.

Mphungu dazi

Mphungu dazi ndi cizindikilo ca dziko la America. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo ochulukirapo kuposa Arctic. Mungathe kukumana mbalame wokongola m'dziko lonse la North America - kuchokera Canada kuti Mexico. Orlan amatchedwa-wadazi chifukwa cha nthenga woyera kukula pa mutu wake. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimagwira nsomba: kusambira pansi, zimatulutsa nsomba kutuluka m'madzi ndi manja awo.

Kumalo ozizira kapena kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo

Chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira, ndi nyama kumpoto (Ursus maritimus) ku banja Nyamuliranani, ndi mbale wa bulauni chimbalangondo ndi yaikulu chilombo dziko pa dziko. Kutalika kwa thupi la chilombocho kumafika mamitala 3.0 ndi kulemera kwake mpaka tani. Wamkulu amuna kulemera pafupifupi 450-500 makilogalamu, ndi akazi ndi chimaonekadi ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika kwa nyama pa zinafota ndi zambiri zimasiyanasiyana pakati masentimita 130-150. Oyimira a mitundu yodziwika ndi mutu mosabisa ndi khosi lalitali, ndi translucent tsitsi angakhoze kokha zimafalitsa UV cheza, amene amapereka chovala cha chilombo kutentha chimateteza katundu.

Nyalugwe wanyanja

Oimira mitundu ya zisindikizo weniweni (Hydrurga leptonyx) ngongole dzina lawo zachilendo khungu choyambirira zamaangamaanga ndi khalidwe zolusa kwambiri. Nyalugwe nyanja ali ndi thupi streamlined kuti chololera kukhala kwambiri liwiro madzi. Mutu umakutidwa, ndipo kutsogolo kumayatsidwa, kotero kuti mayendedwe amachitika ndi mikwingwirima yolimba. The kutalika kwa thupi la nyama wamkulu mamita 3.0-4.0. Thupi chapamwamba ali ndi mdima imvi mtundu, ndipo m'munsi amakhala ndi mtundu siliva-woyera. Pali mawanga amvi m'mbali ndi mutu.

Caribou / mphalapala

Ku Ulaya, caribou amadziwika monga mphalapala. Deer adazolowera bwino nyengo yozizira ya Kumpoto. Iye ali cavities lalikulu mu mphuno yake kuti kutumikira kutenthetsa mpweya frosty. ziboda za nyama m'nyengo yozizira kukhala ang'onoang'ono ndi kovuta, zimveke kwa nswala kuyenda pa ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Pakusamukira, ng'ombe zina zodziwika bwino zimayenda maulendo ataliatali. Palibe dziko nyama wamoyo padziko lathuli amatha uyu.

Ermine

Ermine ndi wa banja la maimelo. Dzina ermine nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kutanthauza nyama m'nyengo yozizira khungu zake zoyera.

Ermines ndi oopsa alenje amene kudya makoswe ena. Nthawi zambiri, amakhalanso m'makola a omwe akuwazunza, m'malo momakumba okha nyumba zawozawo.

Kumalo ozizira nsombazi

Nsombayi kumalo ozizira ndi nyama mwachinsinsi. Chithunzichi chidatengedwa ndi US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Nsombayi kumalo ozizira ziphona chachinsinsi tikukhala mu dera Arctic. chithunzi uyu adagwiridwa ndi US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mudziwe zambiri za nyama iyi.

Nthawi zambiri, nsombazo kumalo ozizira zimapezeka kumpoto Atlantic gombe la Canada ndi Greenland. Mitundu yonse kwa nsombazo, ali kumpoto kwambiri. Nyama izi zimasambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakonda kugwira zodyera uku zikugona. Komanso, nsombazo kumalo ozizira sanyoza kudya zimene adani pambuyo chakudya.

Weddell Chisindikizo

Woimira banja la zisindikizo zenizeni (Leptonychotes weddellii) ndi amodzi mwa omwe siofala kwambiri komanso akuluakulu kukula kwa nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama. Wapakati wamkulu kutalika mamita 3.5. Chinyama amakhala pansi pa madzi kwa pafupi ora, ndi chisindikizo umabala nsomba mu mawonekedwe a nsomba ndi cephalopods pa akuya mamita 750-800. Zisindikizo za Weddell nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma fangala osweka kapena zinsalu, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndikupanga zinthu zapadera pogwiritsa ntchito ayezi wachinyamata.

Zeze chisindikizo

Pobadwa, zeze chisindikizo pups ndi chikasu ubweya odula. Amakhala woyera pakapita masiku atatu. Monga nyama akula, coloration ake amapeza mtundu siliva imvi. zisindikizo zeze ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza a subcutaneous mafuta akuzisunga kutentha bwino. Zinsomba zosindikizira zimakhala ngati chosinthanitsa ndi kutentha: M'chilimwe kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa kudzera mwa iwo, ndipo nthawi yozizira thupi limatentherera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zipsepse m'madzi.

Wolverine

Zolusa nyama (Gulo gulo) wa banja la marten. Chinyama chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi kukula m'mabanjamo chimakhala chocheperako makamaka ngati nyanja yamchere. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 11-19 makilogalamu, koma akazi ndi pang'ono zochepa kuposa amuna. Kutalika thupi zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa masentimita 70-86, ndi kutalika mchira wa masentimita 18-23. Maonekedwe a wolverine ndi zambiri zofanana ndi za akatumbu kapena chimbalangondo ndi squat ndi thupi zosamveka, miyendo lalifupi ndi arcuate m'mwamba-yokhota kumapeto kumbuyo. Chizindikiro cha nyama yolusa ndi kupezeka kwa zikhadabo zazikulu komanso zopindika.

Mbalame kumpoto

oimira zambiri nthenga ya kumpoto womasuka kwambiri kwambiri nyengo ndi nyengo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe, mitundu yoposa zana ya mbalame imatha kupulumuka pafupifupi permafrost. The kum'mwera kwa Arctic chikugwirizana ndi zone Titafika pamalo. M'chaka kumalo ozizira, mamiliyoni angapo kwambiri osiyanasiyana maulendo ataliatali ndipo flightless mbalame chisa pano.

Seagulls

nthumwi zambiri za mbalame mtundu (Larus) ku banja Gull, moyo osati panyanja, komanso anthu kumtunda madzi m'madera lokhalamo. mitundu a gulu la mbalame synanthropic. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame yam'madzi yotchedwa seagull ndi mbalame yayikulu kapena yapakatikati yomwe ili ndi zoyera kapena zoyera, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zilembo zakuda m'malo ammutu kapena mapiko ake. Ena mwa makhalidwe kwambiri zimasiyanitsa awa akuimira wamphamvu, pang'ono wopindidwa mulomo kumapeto, ndipo kwambiri bwino anayamba nembanemba kusambira pa miyendo.

White tsekwe

Mbalame yaing'onoting'ono yosamukasamuka (Anser caerulescens) kuchokera kumtundu wa atsekwe (Anser) ndi banja la abakha (Anatidae) amadziwika kwambiri ndi maula oyera. Thupi la munthu wamkulu ali pafupi 60-75 masentimita yaitali. Kulemera kwa oterowo mbalame kawirikawiri kuposa makilogalamu 3,0. The wingspan wa tsekwe woyera pafupifupi 145-155 cm. The mtundu wakuda wa mbalame kumpoto ndi osakhala kokha kuzungulira bwalo mulomo ndi malekezero a mapiko. Matako ndi mulomo wa nthenga zoterezi zimakhala ndi utoto wapinki. Nthawi zambiri akuluakulu, ndi golide chikasu malo zimawonedwa.

Wakupha chinsomba

Whale wakupha nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "whale" wopha. Izi chinsomba imodzi wa banja dolphin. Wakupha chinsomba ali ndi mtundu khalidwe kwambiri: wakuda kumbuyo, woyera chifuwa ndi mimba. Palinso mawanga oyera pafupi ndi maso. ogwirira izi agwire anthu ena m'madzi, ichi nthawi zambiri amasonkhana mu magulu. Wakupha zinsomba zatenga pamwamba pa piramidi chakudya, mu pompo-pompo iwo mulibe adani.

Whooper Swan

A lalikulu waterfowl (Cygnus cygnus) ku banja la abakha ali ndi thupi elongated ndi khosi lalitali, komanso miyendo yake ndi yaifupi kuikidwa. Mu nthenga za mbalame pali kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kufwanyulira. Mlomo wa chikasu cha mandimu uli ndi mutu wakuda. The nthenga ndi woyera. kukula Young amakhala ndi utsi wambiri-imvi nthenga ndi mdima m'dera pa mutu. M'mawonekedwe, amuna ndi akazi alibe kusiyana wina ndi mnzake.

oimira nthenga za mtundu (Somateria) wa ku banja la abakha. mbalame zimenezo ogwirizana lero mu mitundu itatu m'malo lalikulu bakha abakha kuti chisa makamaka madera m'malire Arctic ndi Titafika pamalo. Mitundu yonse imadziwika ndi mtanda wa mawonekedwe a mtanda ndi mulitali wambiri, womwe umakhala kumtunda wonse wa mulomo. Pa mbali lateral ka mlomo wa pali mphako kwambiri yokutidwa ndi nthenga. Mbalame adza kwa gombe okha zina ndi kubalana.

Guillemot wopatsa mphamvu

Seabird (Uria lomvia) ku banja la Alkidae (Alcidae) ndi nthumwi ya mtundu sing'anga-kakulidwe. Mbalame ali yolemera makilogalamu chimodzi ndi theka, ndi maonekedwe akufanana guillemots woonda-billed. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumayimiriridwa ndi mulomo wokulirapo wokhala ndi mikwaso yoyera, maonekedwe akuda bii amtundu wakumaso komanso kusapezeka kwathunthu kwaimvi pam mbali ya thupi. Wandiweyani-billed guillemots, monga ulamuliro, ndi chimaonekadi lalikulu kuposa guillemots woonda-billed.

Partridge

M'nyengo yozizira, magawo ena amakhala ndi maula oyera, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuzindikira chisanu. Iwo kupeza chakudya pansi chisanu, ndi m'chilimwe, mbalame kudyetsa makamaka pa zipatso, mbewu ndi mphukira wobiriwira zomera. The partridge ali maina ambiri a monga Mwachitsanzo, "grouse woyera" kapena "talovka", "alder".

Antarctic tern

Mbalame kumpoto (Sterna vittata) wa gull banja (Laridae) ndi kuti Charadriiformes. Kozizira Tern zimachokera chaka kuchokera kozizira ku Antarctic. Woyimira pang'ono ngati wamtundu wa Krachki ali ndi kutalika kwa 31 masentimita 31. Mlomo wa mbalame wamkulu ndi wakuda bii kapena wakuda bii. terns wamkulu yodziwika ndi nthenga woyera, ndi anapiye yodziwika ndi nthenga imvi. M'dera la mutu pali nthenga zakuda.

Kutha komaliza (hatchet)

Akufa malekezero mbalame chodabwitsa, iwo akhoza kuuluka ndi kusambira.Mapiko achidule, ngati zipsepse mu nsomba, amawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu mzere wamadzi. Ma puffins ali ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera komanso milomo yowoneka bwino. Mbalamezi zimapanga zigawo zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuchokera pamiyala, ma puffins amathumphira m'madzi, kumene amafunafuna chakudya.

Choyera choyera kapena polar

Mbalame yachilendo kwambiri (Bubo scandiacus, Nyctea scandiaca) ndi amtundu wa kadzidzi wokhala ndi utoto wawukulu kwambiri tundra. Zovala za polar zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wozungulira komanso chovala chachikasu chowala. Akazi achikulire ndi akulu kuposa abambo okhwima, ndipo mapiko a mbalameyo amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 142-166. Akuluakulu amadziwika ndi kutuluka koyera ndi mitambo yakuda yoyenda mosiyanasiyana, yomwe imapatsa chisangalalo kwambiri pobisala.

Partctate wa Arctic

Gumbwa wokhala ndi miyendo yoyera (Lagopus lagopus) ndi mbalame yochokera ku gulu loyang'aniridwa ndi galliformes. Pakati pa nkhuku zina zambiri, pali gawo loyera lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa nyengo yotchedwa dimorphism. Mtundu wa mbalameyi umasinthasintha ndi nyengo. Mitengo ya mbalameyo yozizira ndi yoyera, pomwe pali nthenga zakuda zakuda ndi miyendo yopyapyala. Ndikayamba masika, khosi ndi mutu wa amunawo zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, wopepuka kwambiri ndi maula oyera a thupi.

Kalulu

Khola loyera limakhala loyera nthawi yozizira yokha. M'chilimwe, khungu lake limakhala lofiirira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yachisanu, miyendo yake yakumbuyo imakuliratu ndi ubweya wakuda, imakhala yayikulu komanso yotentha. Izi zimalepheretsa kalulu kuti asagwere muchisanu.

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira walrus ndi nsonga zake zazikulu, ndevu zazitali komanso zazitali. Ma Walruse, nyama zazikulu komanso zolemerazi, zinkakonda kusakidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyama ndi mafuta. Tsopano ma walruse ali pansi pa chitetezo cha boma, ndipo kusaka kwawo nkoletsedwa.

Buluzi wa Viviparous

Zosangalatsa (Zootoca vivipara) ndi za banja la Real Lizards komanso mtundu wa Forest Lizards (Zootoca). Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyama zothimbirazi zinali za mtundu wa Green Lizards (Lacerta). Nyama yosambira bwino imakhala ndi kukula kwamtundu wa 15-18 masentimita, pomwe masentimita 10 mpaka 11 imagwera mchira. Mtundu wa thupi ndi wonyezimira, pamakhala mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imatambalala m'mbali komanso pakati kumbuyo. Gawo lam'munsi la thupi limakhala lopepuka, lamtambo wachikasu, lofiirira kapena lalanje. Amuna amtunduwu ali ndi thupi locheperako komanso mtundu wowala.

Siberia wa Triton

Newt-fingered newt (Salamandrella keyerlingii) ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'mabanja angler. Wakale wamkulu wa caudate amphibian amadziwika ndi kukula kwa thupi la 12-13 masentimita, pomwe osachepera theka amagwera mchira. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wokutidwa, komanso mchira wothinikizidwa pambuyo pake, womwe mulibe milozo zamtundu wa chikopa. Mtundu wa nyama yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono komanso mzere wamtali wautali kumbuyo.

Semirechye chule-dzino

Dzungarian Triton (Ranodon sibiricus) ndi woipa wochokera ku banja la angliot (Hynobiidae). Masiku ano, nyama zomwe zili pangozi komanso zosowa kwambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 15-18 cm, koma anthu ena amakula 20 cm, pomwe gawo la mchira limatenga theka. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa munthu wokhwima kumatha kusiyana pakati 20-25 g. Kuchokera pa 11 mpaka 13 malo ophatikizika komanso owoneka bwino amapezeka m'mbali za thupi. Mchira wake umakanikizidwa pambuyo pake ndipo umakhala ndi khola kumbuyo kumbuyo. Mtundu wa nyama yamtunduwu umasinthasintha kuchokera ku mtundu wachikasu chofiirira mpaka maolivi amdima komanso obiriwira, otuwa nthawi zambiri.

Chule cha mitengo

Tailless amphibian (Rana sylvatica) amatha kuundana ndi nyengo yozizira kupita kumayiko oundana. A amphibian mdziko lino samapumira, ndipo mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa magazi zimayima. Mukamawotha, chule “amasula” mwachangu, ndipo amalola kuti libwerere mwakale. Oimira mitunduyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi maso akulu, phokoso la mawonekedwe atatu, ndipo mulinso mtundu wa chikasu, imvi, lalanje, pinki, bulauni kapena malo amdima obiriwira kumbuyo. Mbiri yayikulu imakhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena a bulauni.

Nsomba za ku Arctic

M'malo ozizira kwambiri padzikoli, sikuti ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zomwe zili pamadzi okha, komanso amitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'madzi. Ma Walruse ndi zisindikizo amakhala m'madzi am'madzi a Arctic, mitundu ina ya cetaceans, kuphatikiza ndi anamgumi a baleen, narwhals, whale whale ndi anamgumi, komanso mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Ponseponse, mitundu yoposa mazana anayi ya nsomba imakhala mu dera la ayezi ndi matalala.

Chuma cha Arctic

Nsomba zovekedwa ndi Ray (Salvelinus alpinus) ndi am'banja la nsomba, ndipo zimayimiridwira m'njira zambiri: kusamuka, nyanja-mtsinje ndi char char. Kupita kwa char kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa siliva, wokhala ndi buluu wakuda kumbuyo ndi mbali, yokutidwa ndi kuwala komanso malo akulu. Pafupifupi lacustrine Arctic char - nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya, kutulutsa ndi kudyetsa misa mu nyanja. Mitundu yamtsinje wa nyanja imadziwika ndi thupi laling'ono. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa Arctic char kukuchepa.

Asodzi a polar

Ma shaki a Somniosa (Somniosidae) ndi am'banja la shaki komanso agalu ena amtundu wa cataract, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nyama ndi mitundu iwiri. Malo achilengedwe ndi madzi amchere a m'nyanja zamchere. Shaki zotere zimakhala m'malo otsetsereka ndi zilumba, komanso mashelufu ndi madzi aku nyanja. Poterepa, kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi sikupita mamita 6.4. Zingwe zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa dorsal fin nthawi zambiri zimakhala palibe, ndipo mphako ndi gawo la m'mphepete mwa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Cayfish, kapena polod

Madzi ozizira a Arctic ndi nsomba zowira kwambiri (Boreogadus saida) ndi a banja la ma cod (Gadidae) ndi dongosolo la ma cod (Gadodees). Lero ndi mtundu wokhawo wochokera ku genotypic genus of sais (Boreogadus). Thupi la munthu wamkulu limakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 40 cm, lomwe limafowoka kwambiri kumchira. Malipidwe a caudal amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa notch lakuya. Mutu ndi wokulirapo, nsagwada pang'onopang'ono ukuyenda kutsogolo, maso akulu ndi buluzi yaying'ono pamlingo wa chibwano. Mbali yakumwamba ya mutu ndi kumbuyo imakhala yotuwa, ndipo m'mimba ndi m'mphepete zimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Eel-pout

Nsomba zam'nyanja (Zoarces viviparus) ndi banja la belugaids komanso dongosolo la percform. Nyamayi imakhala ndi kutalika kwakutalika kwa 50-52 cm, koma nthawi zambiri kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikokwanira masentimita 8-10. Beldyuga imakhala ndi mphotho yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi maphiri kumbuyo kwake. Mafuta a anal ndi a dorsal amaphatikizana ndi ndalama za caudal.

Hering'i Pacific

Nsomba zokhala ndi udzu wa ku Ray (Clupea pallasii) ndi za banja lankhosa (Clupeidae) ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugulitsa. Oimira mitunduyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi kakang'ono kofowoka kam'mimba, kamawonekera kwambiri pakati pa anal ndi m'mimba. Kawirikawiri gulu la sukulu la pelagic limadziwika ndi zochitika zambiri komanso kusamuka kosiyanasiyana kuyambira nthawi yozizira komanso malo odyetserako madzi kupita kumadera ena.

Haddock

Nsomba zovekedwa ndi Ray (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) ndi wa banja lama cod (Gadidae) ndi genotypic genus Melanogrammus. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 100-110 cm, koma kukula kwake mpaka 50-75 masentimita ndi amodzi, okhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 2-3 kg. Thupi la nsomba limakhala lokwera komanso lathyathyathya pang'ono m'mbali. Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi yakuda ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wa lilac. Mbali zake zimakhala zowala ndi siliva, ndipo m'mimba mwake mumakhala mtundu wa siliva kapena loyera. Pamagulu a haddock pali mzere wakuda, pansi pake pomwe pali wakuda kapena wakuda bii.

Nelma

Nsomba (Stenodus leucichthys nelma) ndi wa banja la nsomba ndipo ndi mtundu wansomba yoyera. Madzi oyera kapena nsomba zocheperako kuchokera ku Salmonidae zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 120-130, ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi ndi 48-50 kg. Mtundu wamtengo wapatali kwambiri wa nsomba masiku ano ndi ntchito yotchuka kwambiri. Nelma wochokera kwa anthu ena am'banjamo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amkamwa, omwe amapatsa nsomba izi mawonekedwe owopsa, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.

Arctic omul

Nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda (lat. Coregonus autumnalis) ndi banja la azungu ndi banja la nsomba. Mtundu wa nsomba zakumpoto umayenda m'madzi am'nyanja ya Arctic Ocean. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 62-64, ndi kulemera kofanana ndi 2.8-3.0 kg, koma anthu akuluakulu amapezeka. Madzi ambiri omwe amadya nyama zam'madzi amakhala ndi nthumwi zambiri zosiyanasiyana za ma benthic crustaceans, komanso amadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi zooplankton.

Akangaude

Ma Arachnids ndi amodzi mwa olusa, omwe akuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwambiri pakupanga malo ovuta a Arctic. Nyama za ku Arctic zimayimilidwa osati ndi kangaude ochepa ochokera kum'mwera mwa mitundu yazithunzithunzi, komanso mitundu ya arthropod - hypoarises, komanso hemiartures ndikuwuka. Tundra yodziwika ndi yakumwera ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya akangaude, osiyana kukula kwake, njira yosaka komanso kugawa ma biotopic.

Zovala nsapato

Kangaude wamtunduwu (Tmeticus nigriceps) amakhala kudera la tundra, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wa lalanje, wokhala ndi dera loyipa la cephalic. Miyendo ya kangaude imakhala ya lalanje, ndipo opistosomeyo ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi laimphongo wamwamuna wamkulu ndi 2.3-2.7 mm, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala m'milingo 2.9-3.3 mm.

Tizilombo

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbalame zosatetezeka kumpoto ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa tizilombo tambiri - udzudzu, midges, ntchentche ndi kafadala. Dziko la tizilombo ku Arctic ndilosiyanasiyana, makamaka polar tundra, komwe kumayamba nyengo yachilimwe, udzudzu, agalu ndi midges yaying'ono.

Pinki wonyezimira

Thupi la mbalameyi ndi lalitali masentimita 35. Khungu la pinki limadya tizirombo, tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ndi nsomba ndi tinsonga tambiri tikamayendayenda.

Liwu la mtunduwu ndiwokwezeka kwambiri komanso lofewa kuposa mawu amtundu wina, ndilosiyanasiyana

Arctic Tern

Kutalika kwa polar tern ndi masentimita 36 mpaka 43. Mbalame zimasaka nsomba, crustaceans, mollusks, tizilombo, ndi nyondzo. Zipatso zimatha kudyanso m'malo opezekera.

Chaka chilichonse, Arctic tern amawuluka nthawi yozizira kuchokera ku Arctic kupita ku Antarctic, chifukwa cha ndegezi, mbalameyi imangoyang'anira chilimwe chaka chilichonse.

Zovuta zaku Atlantic

Mbama zimakonda kudya nsomba, nthawi zina zimadyanso nsapato zazing'ono ndi shrimp. Kukula kwa malekezero akufa a Atlantic ndi 30- 35 cm.

Dzina lachi Russia loti "mathedwe" limachokera ku liwu loti "kuzimiririka" ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi chithunzi chachikulu cha khomo la mbalame.

Chisindikizo cha doko

Akuluakulu amafika pa 1.85 m kutalika ndi 132 kg kulemera kwake. Chisindikizo chofala, monga ma subspecies ena, chimadya kwambiri nsomba, ndipo nthawi zina ma invertebrates, crustaceans ndi mollusks.

Magawo awiri a chisindikizo chofala - European ndi insular - adalembedwa mu Red Book

Zosindikiza

Kutalika kwa nyama zachikulire ndi kuyambira pa 1.1 mpaka 1.5 m. Chingwe chomwe chili ndi chingwe ndi abale ake omwe ali ndi chidindo wamba.

Nyanja Yoyera imalumikizana ndi mtundu wam'mphepete mwa nyanjayi

Zinyama zazikulu, kutalika kwa amuna zimatha kufika 4,5 m, zazikazi - 3.7 mamita. Kutengera kwa zakudya za walrus ndi ma invertebrates am'munsi, komanso mitundu ina ya nsomba. Amathanso kuukira zisindikizo.

Walrus kulemera - mpaka matani awiri mwa abambo ndi mpaka 1 tonne zazikazi

Bowhead whale

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa nyama ndi 22 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufika matani 100. Nyama za ku Greenland zimadyetsa plankton, kusefa madzi kudzera m'mbale ya whalebone.

Anangumi am'madzi amawombera akuya pafupifupi 200 m ndipo amatha kukhala pansi pa madzi mpaka mphindi 40

Narwhal

Kutalika kwa thupi la narwhal wamkulu kumafikira 3.8-5.5 m, ndipo kwa akhanda 1-1.5 mamita. Narwhals amadya kwambiri cephalopods, mocheperako - crustaceans ndi nsomba.

Kukula pankhope ya narwhal kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kalabu yodzikongoletsa, mwina kumakuthandizani kuti mumve kusintha kwa kupsinjika ndi kutentha kwa madzi

Beluga whale

Maziko a chakudya chamagulu ndi nsomba ndipo, pocheperapo, crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Amuna akuluakulu kwambiri a buluga whales amafikira 6 m kutalika ndi matani 2 aakulu, zazikazi ndizocheperako.

Mtundu wa khungu la mikaka ya Beluga umasintha ndi zaka: Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala amtambo wobiriwira komanso wamtambo wakuda, patatha chaka amayamba imvi komanso imvi, anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 3-5 amakhala oyera

Zingwe za Arctic wankhanza

Kupitilira pa Arctic Circle kumapitilira Arctic wankhanza kwambiri. Awa ndi dziko lachipululu chipale chofewa, mphepo yozizira ndi madzi oundana. Mvula imagwera kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa sikulowa mumdima wa usiku wabwino kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Zinyama zomwe zimakhala mu Arctic? Ndizosavuta kulingalira mtundu wamtundu womwe zamoyo zomwe zinalipo kale, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kuthera nthawi yozizira pakati pa anjoka ndi kuzizira kozizira.

Koma, ngakhale pali zovuta m'malo awa pafupifupi mitundu iwiri ya anthu amakhala Nyama za ku Arctic (pa Chithunzi mutha kutsimikizira kusiyana kwawo). Mumdima wamuyaya, owala kokha ndi kuwala kwakumpoto, amayenera kukhala ndi moyo ndikupeza chakudya chawo, akumenyera ola limodzi kuti akhale ndi moyo.

Zina zokhala ndi zofanana pazinthu zotchulidwa motere ndizosavuta. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo, ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Ndiye chifukwa chake mitundu yoposa zana la mbalame imakhala mdziko la kumpoto mwankhanza.

Ambiri mwa iwo amasamukira kumayiko ena, kusiya malo osakhazikika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Ndi kutomera kwa masiku a masika, amabwerera kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mphatso zauma.

M'miyezi ya chilimwe pali chakudya chokwanira kupitilira Arctic Circle, ndipo kuwunikira kwa wotchiyo ndi zotsatira za tsiku lalitali, theka, chaka chochepa. nyama ndi mbalame za ku Arctic kupeza chakudya chofunikira.

Ngakhale nthawi yotentha, kutentha kudera lino sikukwera kwambiri kotero kuti chipale chofewa komanso chipale chofewa chomwe chimakhalapo kwa nthawi yochepa zimapereka mwayi wopumula ku mavuto muufumu wachisanu, kupatula nthawi yochepa, mwezi ndi theka, osapitilira apo. Chilimwe chokha chosakhala chotentha komanso mafunde a Atlantic ndi omwe amabweretsa kutentha kuderali, kukutentha, akufa kuchokera ku mphamvu ya ayezi, madzi kumwera chakumadzulo.

Mu zithunzi za Arctic

Komabe, chilengedwe chinasamalira kuthekera koteteza kutentha, kusowa kwa komwe kumamvekanso nthawi yotentha, komanso kupulumutsa kwake pakati pa zinthu zamoyo: nyama zakhala ndi ubweya wautali, mbalame zimakhala ndi zochulukirapo zomwe zimayenerera nyengo.

Ambiri aiwo ali ndi wosanjikiza wamafuta omwe amatchedwa subcutaneous fat. Unyinji wochititsa chidwi umathandiza nyama zambiri zazikuluzo kuti zizitulutsa kutentha koyenera.

Ena mwa oimira nyama za kumpoto kwa North amasiyanitsidwa ndi makutu ndi miyendo yaying'ono, popeza mawonekedwe oterewa amawalola kuti asazizire, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri moyo wa nyama ku Arctic.

Ndipo mbalame, chifukwa chake, zili ndi milomo yaying'ono. Mtundu wa zolengedwa za malo omwe afotokozedwawo, monga lamulo, ndi loyera kapena lopepuka, lomwe limathandizanso kuti zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zizisintha ndikusawoneka mu chipale chofewa.

Izi ndi ziphuphu za ku Arctic. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakumpoto, polimbana ndi nyengo yoipa komanso yovuta, amagwirizanirana, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta limodzi komanso kupewa zoopsa. Ndipo zofanana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi umboni wina wa chipangizo champhamvu chachilengedwe chophatikizika.

Chimbalangondo

Amawonetsedwa ngati m'bale woyera, koma amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalitali, mawonekedwe osasunthika, olimba, miyendo yayifupi koma yayifupi komanso miyendo yayitali yomwe imamuthandiza poyenda mu chisanu ndikusambira.

Chovala cha chimbalangondo chautali ndi ubweya wautali, wandiweyani komanso wonyezimira womwe umakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wonyezimira, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala woyera. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu mazana asanu ndi awiri.

chimbalangondo

Ma polod

Nsomba ndi m'gulu la zolengedwa zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala mu Arctic Ocean. Kupatula moyo wake mu makulidwe amadzi ozizira, polod cod imalekerera kutentha pang'ono popanda mavuto.

Zamoyo zam'madzi izi zimadya pa plankton, zomwe zimakhudza bwino kuchuluka kwachilengedwe. Zomwezokha zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zakumpoto, zisindikizo ndi cetaceans.

Nsomba zamkati zamkati

Arctic cyan

Ili ndi dzina lina: manewa wamkango, womwe umadziwika pakati pa anthu am'madzi padziko lapansi ndiye nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za jelly. Ambulera yake imafika m'mimba mwake mpaka mikono iwiri, ndipo mahema a kutalika kwake theka-mita.

Moyo waku Cyanidean sukhala nthawi yayitali, nyengo imodzi yokha ya chilimwe. Ndi kuyambika kwa yophukira, zolengedwa izi zimafa, ndipo nthawi yamasika, anthu omwe akukula mwachangu amawonekera. Cyanaea amadya nsomba zochepa ndi zooplankton.

Jellyfish

White Owl

Ili m'gulu la mbalame zosowa. Utoto wofiyidwa umatha kupezeka tundra yonse. Ali ndi maula oyera oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa, ndipo kuti atenthedwe, mulomo wawo umakutidwa ndi mabulamu ang'onoang'ono.

Kadzidzi yoyera ili ndi adani ambiri, ndipo mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodyedwa. Amadyetsa makoswe - owononga zisa zambirimbiri, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu ena okhala ndi mbewa.

White Owl

Chithandizo

Mbalame zam'nyanja za Far North zimakonza zigawo zazikulu, zomwe zimatchulidwanso kuti mbalame zam'madzi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamiyala yam'nyanja. Guillemots ndi odziwika odzipereka a magulu amenewo.

Amayikira dzira limodzi lomwe limakhala lowoneka bwino. Ndipo achulukitsa chuma chawo osasiya kamphindi. M'mphepete mwa madzi oundana - izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndipo mazira, otenthetsedwa bwino kuchokera pamwamba ndi thupi la mbalame, kuchokera pansi amakhala ozizira kwathunthu.

Mu chithunzi cha mbalame ya guillemot

Chimapezeka kumadera onse a ku Arctic, chimakhala m'mphepete mwa Baltic ndipo kumpoto kwa England, imawulukira kumwera kumalo osungira ozizira omwe ali pakatikati pa Europe nthawi yachisanu.

Agogo amateteza ana awo kuti asazizidwe, makamaka ndikudula khungu lawo laimvi, ndikutchingira zisa zawo. Ma bizinesi amadzi otere amakhala pafupifupi amoyo wawo wonse m'madzi am'nyanja, kudya nkhono, mapira ndi mbewa.

Pacithunzi-thunzi, mbalame yodziwikiratu

Polar tsekwe

Mbalameyi imatchedwanso tsekwe woyera chifukwa cha maonekedwe oyera owoneka ngati chipale, ndipo nsonga zokhazokha zamapiko a mbalame ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 5, ndipo zisa zawo, ngati eyider, ndizololekera ndi zina zawo.

Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic amathawa kuzizira kowopsa kwa nyengo yozizira, kuwuluka kumwera. Atsekwe amtundu wamtunduwu amaonedwa ngati osowa.

Polar yoyera

Polar gull

Ili ndi nthenga zowoneka bwino za imvi, mapiko ake ndi akuda pang'ono, mulomo wake ndi wachikasu, miyendo ndi pinki. Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhalangozi ndi nsomba, koma mbalamezi zimadyanso nsomba ndi mazira a mbalame zina. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Ma polar tern

Mbalameyi ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha maulendo ake (mpaka makilomita 30,000) ndikuuluka (pafupifupi miyezi inayi) ndege, kumakhala nthawi yozizira ku Antarctica. Mbalame zimawulukira kumpoto kwa Arctic kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikupanga madera akuluakulu.

Zochititsa chidwi ndi mchira waminga ndi chifuwa chakuda pamutu pake. Ming'alu imadziwika ndi kusamala komanso kuchita ukali. Moyo wawo wokhala zaka zoposa makumi atatu.

Ma polar tern

Loon

Nyanja zam'madzi za Arctic, pomwe ambiri amakhala ndi madzi am'madzi. Loon amakhala ku North North makamaka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, kukhala mbalame yosamukira. Ili ndi miyeso ya bakha wamkulu, imagona pansi ndi kusambira mwangwiro, ndipo pangoziyo imamiza thupi lonse m'madzi, mutu umodzi wokha umatsala kunja.

Pa chithunzicho, mbalame ya loon

4. Mbulu wa Arctic, kapena nkhandwe ya polar

Mbidzi kapena nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa, ndiyomwe imayimira mtundu wa arctic fox. Mosiyana ndi nkhandwe wamba, iye ali ndi phokoso lalifupi, khutu laling'ono lozungulira, lophimbaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba komanso thupi la squat. Kutengera ndi nyengo, ubweya wa nkhandwe umatha kukhala woyera, buluu, bulauni, imvi zakuda, khofi wowala kapena mchenga. Pamenepa, mitundu 10 ya nyama yomwe imakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana imasiyanitsidwa.

Osapitirira theka la kilomita kuchokera kumadzi, nkhandwe ya arctic imakumba mabowo ovuta ndi makomo ambiri. Koma nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuchita dzenje chipale chofewa. Amadya chilichonse, zonse ziwiri nyama ndi nyama zimangodya. Koma pamaziko a chakudya chake ndi mbalame ndi mandimu.

1. Walrus

Yemwe amangoyimira banja lamakono la Walrus ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa chifukwa cha zida zake zazikulu. Kukula kwakukulu pakati pa zikhomo, kumatenga malo achiwiri njovu ya ku Nyanja, koma magulu a nyama izi samadutsana. Ma Walruse amakhala m'mabusa ndipo amateteza molimba mtima kwa adani awo.

2. Chisindikizo

Amachulukana, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Arctic. Ndiwosambira kwambiri, ngakhale kutali ndi gombe sapezeka. Zisindikizo sizimazizira m'madzi ozizira chifukwa cha zigawo za mafuta ndi ubweya wopanda madzi.

3. Fur chisindikizo

Zisindikizo za fur pamodzi ndi mikango yam'nyanja ndi za banja la zisindikizo zamkati. Zisindikizo, zikuyenda, kupuma miyendo yonse, ndipo maso awo ali ndi chithunzi chakuda. M'nyengo yotentha, chisimba cha North fur chimakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, imasamukira kumwera.

4. Zisindikizo za njovu za Kumpoto

Tiyenera kudziwa apa kuti zisindikizo za njovu zimagawidwa kumpoto (okhala ku Arctic) ndi kumwera (okhala ku Antarctic). Njovu zam'nyanja zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha kukula kochititsa chidwi ndi mphuno ngati amuna amuna okalamba. Amakhala kugombe la Arctic ku North America ngakhale kumwera. Amuna achikulire amalemera matani 3.5.

Nyama zam'madzi za ku Arctic

Palibe nyama iliyonse yam'madzi yomwe ingafanane ndi kuthekera kwake kukhala mu nyengo zovuta kwambiri ku Arctic ndi cetaceans monga beluga whale, narwhal ndi whale wowerama. Alibe ndalama yapadera mu ma cetaceans ena. Pafupifupi mitundu 10 ya zinyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhala ku Arctic - anamgumi (finwales, buluu, humpbacks ndi sperm whales) ndi dolphin (anamgumi opha). Tiye tikambirane za otchuka kwambiri a iwo.

Makoswe a Arctic

Ndikosatheka kuonanso kufunikira kwa mandimu chifukwa cha nyama m'chipululu cha Arctic. Amadyetsa pafupifupi nyama zonse za kumtunda. Ndipo zikho za polar sizimapanga chisa ngati kuchuluka kwa ma lemmings sikuli bwino.

Nyama za ku Arctic zolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira

Pakadali pano, nyama zina ku Arctic zili pangozi. Kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kwa anthu mu nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic kumabweretsa chiopsezo ku nyama zamtchire. Oimira otsatirawa a lamba wa Arctic adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinyama za Arctic zomwe zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

• Chimbalangondo.
• Bowhead whale.
• Narwhal.
• Reindeer.
• Atlantic ndi Laptev walruses.

Ng'ombe za musk zilinso mtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe. Makolo ake ankakhala Padziko lapansi nthawi yamamoms.

Mu June 2009, mothandizidwa ndi boma la Russia, Russian Arctic National Park idapangidwa, ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga ndikuwunika oimira maluwa ndi nyama za ku Arctic, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.

Nyama za ku Arctic sizikhala ku North Pole, ndizosatheka kukhala kumeneko. Amakhala ochulukirapo kumadera akum'mwera kwa Arctic Ocean, pamphepete mwa nyanja komanso kuzilumba.

Lurik

Wamng'ono Loon ndi dzina lachiwiri la mbalamezi. Zimakhala m'malo ataliatali. Luriks ndiwofatsa kwambiri komanso yaying'ono wokhala ku Arctic pakati pa mbalame.

Nyama za ku Arctic zikulimbana kwamasiku onse amoyo. Kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe nk mwankhanza. Ngakhale izi zili choncho, dera lakumpoto lathetsa zinyama zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.