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Kambuku, kapena kuti njati, yokhala ngati njoka, ndi mtundu wa mbalame zodutsa, zimangokhala ku Africa kokha ndipo ndi mtundu wachilendo kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zina.

Ali ndi zinthu zina zomwe ndizovuta kuzisokoneza, monga: miyendo yolimba kwambiri komanso yochepa, maso ofiira kapena ofiira, mkamwa waukulu wozungulira. Poyerekeza ndi thupi, mapikowo amawoneka kuti amalowerera pang'ono.

Mbalame zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo sizikhala motalika pamalo amodzi.

Kodi ma drains ofiira amadya chiyani ndipo amatani?

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi thanzi ndi tizilombo komanso mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Koma kupeza chakudya ndi mwambo wina wapadera.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti pafupifupi nyama zonse zomwe zimakhala ku Africa zimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana monga majeremusi (ntchentche, ntchentche, nkhupakupa, ndi zina), ndi mitundu yamtunduwu yomwe imakopa mbalame za njati.

Kuti agwire chakudya, amawuluka kumiyendo ya nyama ndipo, akugwirizira zigamba zawo, mochenjera amasaka tizilombo tooneka tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, amathandizira kwambiri moyo wa nyama zosauka, monga tizilombo zovulaza zimayesa kumwa magazi ochuluka kuchokera kwa wozunzidwayo.

Chida chachikulu pakupulumutsira nyama ndi mulomo wawo (akuchita ngati ma pulosha), momwe amathandizira mabala a nyama. A Voloklui amakonda kwambiri kuyenda pamakona obisika pa thupi la ndulu, mbidzi, mvuu (mwachitsanzo, m'makhola, makutu, eyel) ndipo nyama ndizosangalala kuti ziziwalola.

Onani kupitilira

Njira yolekera wamkazi ndi yophweka: yamphongo imayimba nyimboyo pamalo odyetserako ziweto zambiri pafupi, ndipo ikakomera mkaziyo, imakwatirana naye mwachindunji "pamtunda" - kapena mutu wakumbuyo.

Akazi amayesa kubisa chisa chawo m'malo ovuta kufikako (atagona mumtengo, malo osungika mwala). Amayikira mazira ochepa - mpaka 5 zidutswa. Ana amadya mphutsi zomwezi monga akulu.

Akadzakula, anapiyewo amakhalabe amoyo wawo ndipo sangawasiye. Amakokoloka amaikira mazira kamodzi pachaka.

Adani akuluakulu a nyenyezi za njati ndi mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimadyedwa.

Phindu kapena kuvulaza?

Nthawi zambiri, pazifukwa zina, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mbalamezi zimabweretsa zovuta m'miyoyo ya nyama zina. Mwinanso izi zidatheka chifukwa chodwala kwambiri.

Nyamazo zokha sizimatsutsana ndi kampani yotereyi komanso ndizosangalala kuthandiza ntchito ya "akatswiri", komanso kuzisintha kuti iziyenda yokha. Mbalamezi sikuti ndi asing'anga kokha, komanso oteteza olimba mtima a nyama zina: panthawi yomwe asaka amayesera kugwira nyama, mbalamezo zimachenjeza mwamphamvu nyama zomwe zingaopsa (mothandizidwa ndi kufuula kapena zochita zina), chifukwa chake nkosavuta kufotokozeranso zabwino zawo yomwe imapanganso mbalame zopanda vuto komanso zolimba mtima.

Mapeto ake, munthu sangathe kulephera kunena kuti mbalame zodya zitha kupha magazi a nyama mwangozi (mwina ndichifukwa chake anthu amaziwakonda). Kodi mukuganiza bwanji za mbalamezi ndi njira zawo zakuchiritsira, ndi zothandiza pagulu la nyama kapena ndi zilonda zenizeni?

Chojambulira ndi mbalame yosowa. Kukoka chithunzi

Ngati mukudya chakudya chamadzulo tsopano, tikulangizani aliyense kuti adandaule bwino ndikuyika chakudyacho pambali musanayang'ane positiyi, momwe tidzadziwirana ndi mbalame yokongola yowoneka ndi kukoka kokhazikika. Zithunzi zina sizabwino.

Voloklyui ndi mtundu wa mbalame kuchokera kubanja lodzala ndi nyenyezi. Dzina lachiwiri la mbalamezi ndi zolengedwa za njati (osasokonezedwa ndi mbalame za njati zomwe zimachokera ku banja losiyana kotheratu). Ponseponse, mitundu iwiri ya redbird imadziwika - yofiyira komanso yachikasu.

Kukhazikika

Kukoka kokhazikika (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) ndizofala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chikasu.

Kukula kwa mbalamezi kumachokera ku nyenyezi wamba. Zolimbitsa thupi zimafanana ndi onse omwe amapita. Zimbirizi zimakhala ndi khosi lalifupi komanso miyendo, m'malo mwake mapiko atali ndi mchira wozungulira. Msana, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, mutu ndi wodera, m'mimba ndi wopepuka. Maso awo ndi ofiira owoneka bwino, opindika pang'ono ndi khungu. Mlomo ndi wandiweyani wamtundu wofiirira kapena wachikasu. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka chimodzimodzi.

Kukoka kozungulira (Buphagus africanus).

Mitundu yonseyi ya redbird imakhala ku Central ndi South Africa. Amakhala m'malo owuma. Izi ndi mbalame zoweta zomwe zimayendayenda m'malo ochepa m'magulu a anthu 10-50. Chaka ndi chaka amakhala m'malo amodzi. Zimbudzi zilibe nyumba yokhazikika, zimadikirira usiku m'mabasi ena, ndipo masana akuchita ntchito yofunafuna chakudya. Gulu la mbalame limakhazikika mwamtendere, ndikofunika kuti kukokere umodzi kuti muwone zoopsa, pomwe akulira kuchenjeza enawo za izi. Mwambiri, mbalamezi zimakhala zaphokoso kwambiri, mawu awo osautsa sakhala omveka ndipo zitsamba zimagwiritsa ntchito izi. Kupatula apo, ma drags amalira osati kokha akawona ngozi yomwe ikuwopseza mwachindunji, komanso pakuwona nyama iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amapereka mokweza kulira kwa mdani wobisika.

Kokerani kumbuyo kwa antelope mokweza ndikuchenjeza za ngozi.

Nthenga zofiira, ngati mitundu ina ya mbalame, zimadyanso tizilombo tina tambiri ndi mphutsi zawo. Koma ali ndi njira yapadera yopezera chakudya. Zowonadi zake ndi zakuti m'madambo a ku Africa amadyetsa ziweto za herbivores. Onsewa ali ndi kachilombo ka ectoparasites (kapena kuti majeremusi omwe amakhala pamwamba pa thupi). Ndizilombo - ma ntchentche, nkhupakupa, ntchentche zamtchire, agulugufe - omwe amafufuza. Kuti achite izi, amakhala pamsana mwa nyama ndikugwiritsitsa matupi awo ndi miyendo yayitali.

Khola laling'ono la impala limayang'ana modabwitsa munthu amene wakwera kumbuyo kwake. Kuyambira nthawi ino ndi moyo wonse, akukoka adzakhala anzawo okhulupirika.

Voloklui adafufuza pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zitsamba - mbidzi, anthambo, ndulu, mvuu, ndulu, mbawala, buffalos - osapatsa chidwi ndi aliyense. Pofufuza chakudya, ma drags amayang'ana mbali zosavomerezeka za thupi - makutu, maso, mphuno.

Wopondaponda amayesa khutu la ndowe.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nyama zonse zimapirira mayeso mopirira ndipo siziyesa kuyendetsa ma dragars.

Njati ya ku Africa inagundana ndikuyembekeza kuti ikulutse kukoka kwake.

Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa majeremusi, omwe amawonongeka ndi ma drags, samangokwiyitsa eni eni, komanso amatha kupha nyamayo. Chifukwa chake, mbalamezi ndi mndandanda wamayendedwe a savannah. Nthawi zina ma redraw amatha kuphatikiza tiziromboti tomwe timagwidwa mu udzu ndi zipatso za zipatso chifukwa chakudya kwawo.

Zowowedwa nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa gulu lonse la nyama imodzi, mwachitsanzo pa njatiyi, mwachitsanzo.

Timbudzi tating'onoting'ono kamodzi pachaka, koma nthawi yobereketsa m'malo osiyanasiyana imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, yamphongo imapanga nyimbo yolunjika mwachindunji kumbuyo kwa nyama, ndipo matani amachitika apa. Chidacho chimakhala pabowo la mtengo kapena pathanthwe. Pali mazira amtundu wa 3-5 amtundu wamtambo m'mavala ofiira. Makolo amadyetsa anapiyewo ndi makoswe. Mbalame zazing'ono zimatsagana ndi makolo awo, ndikulowa nawo gulu lonse. Akakhwangwalawa amakhala ndi adani ochepa, makamaka mbalame zolusa.

Dontho laling'ono (lokhala ndi mulomo wakuda), lomwe limatsatiridwa ndi mbalame zachikulire, limayang'anira mvuu.

Kwa anthu, kukoka sikofunika kwambiri pachachuma, koma mosakayikira ndi kopindulitsa, kuwononga tiziromboti tambiri ta nyama ndi nyama zamtchire, komanso dzombe. Mwa anthu aku Africa, pali tsankho lomwe limakoka nyama ndikuvulaza mabala awo.

Wopondera amayesa bala pa mwendo wa antelope, ndikuyeretsa mphutsi za ntchentche ndi magazi.

Inde, ma redraw amasanthula zotupa za khungu ndipo mwina amakulitsa zochulukazo ndi kulowererapo kwawo. Koma zabwino zomwe amabweretsa ndizokulirapo, chifukwa zitsamba zomwe sizimapewa mbalame izi.

Makanema amafunikanso kukhala aukhondo - akokere kuti asambe mumchenga.

Werengani za nyama zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi: mbalame, mbidzi, njati, agira, mvuu.

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